1.
Perth
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Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth-most populous city in Australia, with a population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth. The first areas settled were on the Swan River, with the central business district. Perth was founded by Captain James Stirling in 1829 as the centre of the Swan River Colony. It gained city status in 1856, and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929. The city is named after Perth, Scotland, due to the influence of Sir George Murray, Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. The citys population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century, largely as a result of emigration from the eastern colonies of Australia. During Australias involvement in World War II, Fremantle served as a base for operating in the Pacific Theatre. An influx of immigrants after the war, predominantly from Britain, Greece, Italy and Yugoslavia, Aboriginal people have inhabited the Perth area for 38,000 years, as evidenced by archaeological remains at Upper Swan. The Noongar people occupied the southwest corner of Western Australia and lived as hunter-gatherers, the wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain were particularly important to them, both spiritually and as a source of food. The Noongar people know the area where Perth now stands as Boorloo, Boorloo formed part of Mooro, the tribal lands of Yellagongas group, one of several based around the Swan River and known collectively as the Whadjuk. The Whadjuk were part of a group of fourteen tribes that formed the south-west socio-linguistic block known as the Noongar. The judgment was overturned on appeal, the first documented sighting of the region was made by the Dutch Captain Willem de Vlamingh and his crew on 10 January 1697. The British colony would be officially designated Western Australia in 1832, Captain James Stirling, aboard Parmelia, said that Perth was as beautiful as anything of this kind I had ever witnessed. On 12 August that year, Helen Dance, wife of the captain of the ship, Sulphur. The only contemporary information on the source of the name comes from Fremantles diary entry for 12 August, Murray was born in Perth, Scotland, and was in 1829 Secretary of State for the Colonies and Member for Perthshire in the British House of Commons. The town was named after the Scottish Perth, in Murrays honour, the racial relations between the Noongar people and the Europeans were strained due to these happenings. Because of the amount of building in and around Boorloo
2.
Western Australia
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Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Southern Ocean to the south, the state has about 2.6 million inhabitants, around 11% of the national total. 92% of the lives in the south-west corner of the state. The first European visitor to Western Australia was the Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog, the first European settlement of Western Australia occurred following the landing by Major Edmund Lockyer on 26 December 1826 of an expedition on behalf of the New South Wales colonial government. This was followed by the establishment of the Swan River Colony in 1829, including the site of the present-day capital, york was the first inland settlement in Western Australia. Situated 97 kilometres east of Perth, it was settled on 16 September 1831, Western Australia achieved responsible government in 1890, and federated with the other British colonies in Australia in 1901. Today its economy relies on mining, agriculture and tourism. The state produces 46% of Australias exports, Western Australia is the second-largest iron ore producer in the world. The International Hydrographic Organization designates the body of water south of the continent as part of the Indian Ocean, the total length of the states eastern border is 1,862 km. There are 20,781 km of coastline, including 7,892 km of island coastline, the total land area occupied by the state is 2.5 million km2. Most of the state is a low plateau with an elevation of about 400 metres, very low relief. This descends relatively sharply to the plains, in some cases forming a sharp escarpment. The extreme age of the landscape has meant that the soils are remarkably infertile, even soils derived from granitic bedrock contain an order of magnitude less available phosphorus and only half as much nitrogen as soils in comparable climates in other continents. Soils derived from extensive sandplains or ironstone are even less fertile, nearly devoid of soluble phosphate and also deficient in zinc, copper, molybdenum, the infertility of most of the soils has required heavy application by farmers of chemical fertilisers, particularly superphosphate, insecticides and herbicides. These have resulted in damage to invertebrate and bacterial populations, the grazing and use of hoofed mammals and, later, heavy machinery through the years have resulted in compaction of soils and great damage to the fragile soils. Large-scale land clearing for agriculture has damaged habitats for native flora, large areas of the states wheatbelt region have problems with dryland salinity and the loss of fresh water. The southwest coastal area has a Mediterranean climate and it was originally heavily forested, including large stands of karri, one of the tallest trees in the world. This agricultural region is one of the nine most bio-diverse terrestrial habitats, thanks to the offshore Leeuwin Current, the area is one of the top six regions for marine biodiversity and contains the most southerly coral reefs in the world
3.
Perth (suburb)
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Perth is a suburb in Western Australia that includes both the central business district of the Perth metropolitan area, and a suburban area spreading north to the northern side of Hyde Park. It does not include the suburbs of Northbridge or Highgate. Perth is split between the City of Perth and the City of Vincent local authorities, Perth was named after Perthshire in Scotland. The dominant land use in Perth is commercial, office buildings include 108 St Georges Terrace, QV.1, Brookfield Place and Central Park – the tallest building in the city and the eighth tallest in Australia. The Perth Town Hall, built between 1868 and 1870, was designed as a centre for the newly formed City of Perth. By the late 1950s the Town Hall was considered too small for the requirements so Council House. Completed in 1960, Council House has divided opinions over its architectural merit, both the Town Hall and Council House are on the Register of the National Estate. Perth has a population of 6,341. Residents of Perth are drawn from a number of backgrounds – 40% of the population were born in Australia with minorities from England, New Zealand, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Perth Concert Hall is located on St Georges Terrace and His Majestys Theatre on Hay Street. Three freeways service the suburb – Mitchell Freeway, Kwinana Freeway, public transport facilities include three train stations and two bus stations, as well as the East Perth Terminal, servicing intrastate and interstate rail and bus services. The Barrack Street Jetty is the home of Transperth ferry services, Perth is served by four free Central Area Transit bus routes and a number of open and high rise public car parks. The main east-west streets through the city block are St Georges Terrace, Hay Street, Murray Street, the main north-south streets are Barrack Street and William Street. Five streets have had sections converted to pedestrian malls, Murray Street, Hay Street, James Street, Museum Street, sporting facilities include Perth Oval, the home ground of association football team Perth Glory and Super Rugby team Western Force. Between 1910 and 1999 it was the home of Australian rules football team East Perth, at the western end of Wellington Street is the Perth Arena, an indoor stadium designed to host indoor sports such as tennis and basketball. The Perth Entertainment Centre, which was located adjacent to the new Arena, was the court for the Perth Wildcats between 1990 and 2002. Tennis clubs are located at Robertson Park and Loton Park
4.
Vincent Street, North Perth
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Vincent Street is a street in Perth, Western Australia. It runs west-east, separating the suburbs of West Perth and Perth from North Perth, the street is believed to have been named by the chief draftsman in the Lands Department, George Vincent, after himself in about 1876. Vincent was the recipient of the land on the side of the street, east of Charles Street. The local government area City of Vincent was named after the street, notable places along Vincent Street include, Luna Leederville cinema Leederville Oval Beatty Park Leisure Centre Redemptorist Monastery Hyde Park
5.
William Street, Perth
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William Street is a suburban distributor and one of two major cross-streets in the CBD of Perth, Western Australia. Commencing in western Mount Lawley it also crosses the Perth to Fremantle railway at the Horseshoe Bridge and it is a one-way street from Brisbane Street to Newcastle Street, from which point until its terminus at The Esplanade it has been progressively converted to two-way since 2008. Its route takes it through the Northbridge cafe and nightclub district as well as Perths central business district, a ramp which took William Street traffic from The Esplanade onto the southbound Kwinana Freeway was closed in 2004 during the construction of the Esplanade railway station. William Streets northern end is at Walcott Street in Mount Lawley and it travels southwest along one block, for 130 metres, before turning southwards. After 600 metres it reaches Vincent Street, and the edge of Mount Lawley. The road continues in a direction, at the eastern edge of Hyde Park. William Street realigns itself one block further east through a 220-metre-long reverse curve, at this point, it intersects Brisbane Street, which bring southbound State Route 51 traffic to William Street. Prior to the restoration of traffic on Beaufort Street, all southbound traffic was redirected via Brisbane Street to William Street. Beyond this intersection, the road is the component of State Route 51. It continues in a line for 900 metres to Roe Street. The Horseshoe Bridge takes the road over the Fremantle and Joondalup railway lines, beyond the bridge, the road continues in its south-south-westerly direction through the Perth CBD. It intersects all the major east-west routes, at the southern end of the bridge is Wellingtion Street. This is followed by Murray and Hay streets, which are pedestrian malls to the east, and then St Georges Terrace, one more block takes it to an intersection with Mounts Bay Road, to the west, and the Esplanade to east. After one more block, alongside the Elizabeth Quay Bus Station and railway station and this intersection also connects a Mitchell Freeway exit ramp and Kwinana Freeway southbound entrance ramp, components of the Narrows Interchange. William Street is serviced by buses running through Northbridge, most of these services deviate via Elizabeth Quay Bus Station before going to their intended destination. There is an entrance to 108 St Georges Terrace on William Street, wesley Church is also on the corner of William Street and Hay Street. Australia Place is further down William Street, there is a 24-hour McDonalds, as well as a KFC and Hungry Jacks. Both sides of William Street between Wellington Street and Hay Street have recently been redeveloped, Raine Square on the west and Gordon Stephenson House on the east side of the street
6.
Wetland
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A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem. The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants. Wetlands play a number of roles in the environment, principally water purification, flood control, carbon sink, Wetlands are also considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems, serving as home to a wide range of plant and animal life. Wetlands occur naturally on every continent except Antarctica, the largest including the Amazon River basin, the West Siberian Plain, the water found in wetlands can be freshwater, brackish, or saltwater. The main wetland types include swamps, marshes, bogs, and fens, and sub-types include mangrove, carr, pocosin, the UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment determined that environmental degradation is more prominent within wetland systems than any other ecosystem on Earth. International conservation efforts are being used in conjunction with the development of rapid assessment tools to people about wetland issues. Constructed wetlands can be used to treat municipal and industrial wastewater as well as stormwater runoff and they may also play a role in water-sensitive urban design. A patch of land that develops pools of water after a storm would not be considered a wetland. Wetlands have unique characteristics, they are distinguished from other water bodies or landforms based on their water level. Specifically, wetlands are characterized as having a table that stands at or near the land surface for a long enough period each year to support aquatic plants. A more concise definition is a community composed of hydric soil, Wetlands have also been described as ecotones, providing a transition between dry land and water bodies. In environmental decision-making, there are subsets of definitions that are agreed upon to make regulatory and policy decisions. A wetland is an ecosystem that arises when inundation by water produces soils dominated by anaerobic processes, There are four main kinds of wetlands – marsh, swamp, bog and fen. Some experts also recognize wet meadows and aquatic ecosystems as additional wetland types, the largest wetlands in the world include the swamp forests of the Amazon and the peatlands of Siberia. Under the Ramsar international wetland conservation treaty, wetlands are defined as follows, Article 2.1, may incorporate riparian and coastal zones adjacent to the wetlands, and islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six metres at low tide lying within the wetlands. Although the general definition given above applies around the world, each county, Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas. This definition has been used in the enforcement of the Clean Water Act, some US states, such as Massachusetts and New York, have separate definitions that may differ from the federal governments. It is not uncommon for a wetland to be dry for long portions of the growing season, the most important factor producing wetlands is flooding
7.
Claise Brook
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Claise Brook is a stream which empties into Claisebrook Cove before running into the Swan River in Perth, Western Australia. The area surrounding the stream is on the outskirts of the Perth CBD and is part of the suburb of East Perth. Claise Brook was once an important water course from which the numerous interconnected fresh water lakes north of Perth emptied into during the wet season before entering the Swan River. They were named after Frederick Clause who was a surgeon that accompanied Captain James Stirling in their expedition up the Swan River in March 1827. The banks are covered with the most interesting plants, amongst which I observed two species of Calytris, a species of Acacia with a scolopendrous-stem, and several Papilionaceous plants, the Angophoras on the flats are gigantic. During this period it was widely referred to as Claisebrook Drain. In the late 1800s and early 1900s it had become an effluent outlet into the river, in 1906 the Claisebrook and Burswood Sewerage Treatment Works was built. Sewerage was pumped across the river from Claise Brook to ponds, East Perth Gasometer and East Perth Power Station were prominent structures there for many years during the 1900s, both on the northern side of the river outlet. The plant produced gas from coal, remediation included dredging of six hectares of adjacent riverbeds and removal and treatment of 10,000 m³ of soil. The precinct surrounding the Cove is now known as Claisebrook Village and is now mainly residential, the Cove is now a heavily landscaped artificial inlet of the Swan River overlooked by residential buildings and bars, cafes and restaurants. Facilities include moorings and jetties for recreational boating and Trafalgar Bridge which is a footbridge which crosses the cove. Crossing the river nearby is Goongoongup Railway Bridge and Windan Bridge which carries traffic from the Graham Farmer Freeway
8.
Herdsman Lake
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Herdsman Lake, also known as Herdsmans Lake, is a freshwater lake located on the Swan Coastal Plain,6 kilometres north-west of Perth, Western Australia, in the suburb of Herdsman. The lake is encompassed by Herdsman Lake Regional Park and it measures 2.5 kilometres in length, and 2 kilometres in width, totaling over 3 square kilometres. The perimeter of lake is dredged to provide permanent open water, 15% of the area, the lake is a wildlife sanctuary, with birdwatching a popular activity. Almost 80% of the lake is covered with Typha rush, an introduced weed, in summer, most of the lake is dry. 15% of the lake is permanent deep water, in the 1830s, the lake was a possible water supply for Perth. In 1936, the lake was almost used as an alternative airport, Herdsman Lake was declared a regional park in 1999. The Herdsman Main Drain is a 4-kilometre x 1, 000-millimetre underground pipe drain carrying excess water from the lake to its outflow at City Beach, attractions within the park include the Olive Seymour Boardwalk, Herdsman Lake Wildlife Centre and Settlers Cottage. It also contains a statue created by Pietro Porcelli, which sat atop the now demolished AMP Chambers building. Walking, cycling, picnicking, bird watching and wildflower spotting are popular activities in the park, list of lakes of Western Australia Herdsman Lake Wildlife Photographs Herdsman Lake Wildlife Centre
9.
Lake Monger
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The 110 hectares of lake and the surrounding parklands are known as the Lake Monger Reserve. The lake is used extensively for recreation and is a major tourist attraction with up to 12,000 visitors per week, activities include bird watching and exercise. A3. 8-kilometre paved walking/cycling track encircles the lake takes about 50 Minutes to traverse by foot at Normal waking speed. Ample car parking, playground equipment and barbecue facilities are also provided, the indigenous Noongar people of the south-western region call the area Keiermulu which translates to the home fires or camp, or Lake Galup or Lake Kalup. After European settlement, it known as either Large Lake or Triangle Lake before being named Mongers Lake in 1831. In April 1932 it was changed to its current name of Lake Monger, little is known about the use of the lake by the Noongars prior to the British settlement other than the area was known to be within the area inhabited by those people. Associated with the lake is the Wagyl, part of Noongar mythology, the myth describes the track of a serpent being, who in his journey towards the sea, deviates from his route and emerges from the ground which gives rise to Lake Monger. The lake was part of a series of freshwater wetlands running north from the Swan River along the coastal plain for approximately 50 kilometres. Lake Monger was grouped with the Georgiana Lake and Lake Sutherland and Herdsman Lake, Lake Monger and Herdsman Lake are the last two major wetlands remaining close to the city. The City of Perth itself sits on an area of reclaimed wetlands and it is thought that between 49% and 80% of the wetlands on the coastal plain have been drained, filled or cleared since 1832. Further north still lay Second Swamp, Third Swamp and Three Island Lake, many of these lakes formed a natural interconnected drainage system which found its way into the Swan River at East Perth through Claise Brook. In 1833, water draining from Lakes Kingsford, Irwin, Sutherland, in 1829, a British expedition established the Swan River Colony and in 1830, Lake Monger was the site of a minor skirmish between white settlers and a Noongar man by the name of Midgegooroo. By 1832, the lands around the lake had been subdivided into eight lots, William H. Leeder took up adjoining land grants at Perthshire Locations Ac and Ad, to which he later added Locations 1, Ax and Ay. This area is now known as the suburb of Leederville, from 1850 to 1868, the arrival of convicts swelled the population and market gardening on the northern side of the city expanded to meet the greater demand for food. By the 1870s, Perth was surrounded by gardens in a fan which spread from Cole’s garden in the east to Leeder’s in the west, on 9 August 1874 John Herold and his stepson George Wansbrough drowned when their flat-bottomed boat capsized. Herold was heard telling Wansbrough to be careful of how he moved, lest he capsize the boat, on 16 February 1876 Mary Anne Costello drowned while bathing on a school picnic. Another girl who was bathing with her was rescued, on 5 December 1876, Jemmy, an aboriginal, drowned after wading into the river to retrieve a duck hed shot. In December 1894, young schoolboy Michael John Maley was found dead at the base of a tree near the lake by his brother and it was supposed hed been birds-nest gathering, climbed the tree and lost his hold
Media related to Hyde Park, Perth at Wikimedia Commons