Hypocaust
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A hypocaust is a system of central heating in a building that produces and circulates hot air below the floor of a room, and may also warm the walls with a series of pipes through which the hot air pa
Hypocaust under the floor in a Roman villa in Vieux-la-Romaine, near Caen, France
Ruins of the hypocaust under the floor of a Roman villa at La Olmeda, Province of Palencia (Castile and León, Spain)
Caldarium from the Roman Baths at Bath, in Britain. The floor has been removed to reveal the empty spaces through which the hot air would flow.
Hypocaust at Chesters Roman Fort
Kang (heated platform)
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The kang is a traditional heated platform, 2 metres or more long, used for general living, working, entertaining and sleeping in the northern part of China, where the winter climate is cold. It is mad
Hypocaust
…were typically used to warm the main room of the house, burning a variety of fuels such as coal and biomass. On a smaller scale, in Northern China the kang bed-stove has a long history. With the decline of the Roman Empire, the hypocaust fell into disuse in the western provinces, but not in the Eastern Roman empire…
The blessing of the good and the joyfulness. The lady of the house is accompanied by a maid. The children are playing around the mother on the kang. The artist Gao Yinzhang lived 1835–1906.
Author Harry A. Franck, sitting on the kang in his room in a Chinese inn