1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
A-side and B-side
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The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record
3.
Phonograph record
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The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. The phonograph disc record was the medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century. It had co-existed with the cylinder from the late 1880s. Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as compact cassette were mass-marketed, by the late 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the vinyl record left the mainstream in 1991. The phonograph record has made a resurgence in the early 21st century –9.2 million records were sold in the U. S. in 2014. Likewise, in the UK sales have increased five-fold from 2009 to 2014, as of 2017,48 record pressing facilities remain worldwide,18 in the United States and 30 in other countries. The increased popularity of vinyl has led to the investment in new, only two producers of lacquers remains, Apollo Masters in California, USA, and MDC in Japan. Vinyl records may be scratched or warped if stored incorrectly but if they are not exposed to heat or broken. The large cover are valued by collectors and artists for the space given for visual expression, in the 2000s, these tracings were first scanned by audio engineers and digitally converted into audible sound. Phonautograms of singing and speech made by Scott in 1860 were played back as sound for the first time in 2008, along with a tuning fork tone and unintelligible snippets recorded as early as 1857, these are the earliest known recordings of sound. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, unlike the phonautograph, it was capable of both recording and reproducing sound. Despite the similarity of name, there is no evidence that Edisons phonograph was based on Scotts phonautograph. Edison first tried recording sound on a paper tape, with the idea of creating a telephone repeater analogous to the telegraph repeater he had been working on. The tinfoil was wrapped around a metal cylinder and a sound-vibrated stylus indented the tinfoil while the cylinder was rotated. The recording could be played back immediately, Edison also invented variations of the phonograph that used tape and disc formats. A decade later, Edison developed a greatly improved phonograph that used a wax cylinder instead of a foil sheet. This proved to be both a better-sounding and far more useful and durable device, the wax phonograph cylinder created the recorded sound market at the end of the 1880s and dominated it through the early years of the 20th century. Berliners earliest discs, first marketed in 1889, but only in Europe, were 12.5 cm in diameter, both the records and the machine were adequate only for use as a toy or curiosity, due to the limited sound quality
4.
Recording studio
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A recording studio is a facility for sound recording and mixing. Ideally both the recording and monitoring spaces are designed by an acoustician or audio engineer to achieve optimum acoustic properties. The engineers and producers listen to the music and the recorded tracks on monitor speakers and/or headphones. Major recording studios typically have a range of large, heavy, Isolation booths are small sound-insulated rooms with doors, designed for instrumentalists. This equipment may interfere with the recording process, Recording studios are carefully designed around the principles of room acoustics to create a set of spaces with the acoustical properties required for recording sound with precision and accuracy. This will consist of both room treatment and soundproofing to prevent sound from leaving the property. Even though sound isolation is a key goal, the musicians, singers, audio engineers and record producers still need to be able to see other, to see cue gestures. As such, the room, isolation booths, vocal booths. Some smaller studios do not have instruments, and bands and artists are expected to bring their own instruments, having musical instruments and equipment in the studio creates additional costs for a studio, as pianos have to be tuned and instruments need to be maintained. However, it makes it convenient for recording artists, as they do not have to bring in large. As well, less costly studio time is spent moving in gear, drummers bring their own snare drum, cymbals and sticks/brushes. The types and brands of equipment owned by a studio depends on the styles of music for the bands. A studio that mainly records heavy metal music will be likely to have large, powerful guitar amp heads, in contrast, a studio which mainly records country bands will likely have a selection of small, vintage combo amps. A studio that records a lot of 1970s-style funk may have an electric piano. General purpose computers have rapidly assumed a role in the recording process. A computer thus outfitted is called a Digital Audio Workstation, or DAW, other software applications include Ableton Live, Mixcraft, Cakewalk Sonar, ACID Pro, FL Studio, Adobe Audition, Auto-Tune, Audacity, and Ardour. While Apple Macintosh is used for most studio work, there is a breadth of available for Microsoft Windows. If no mixing console is used and all mixing is done using only a keyboard and mouse, the OTB is used when mixing with other hardware and not just the PC software
5.
Blues
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Blues is a genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century. The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions, African-American work songs, spirituals, Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads. Blue notes, usually thirds or fifths flattened in pitch, are also a part of the sound. Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance-like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove, Blues as a genre is also characterized by its lyrics, bass lines, and instrumentation. Early traditional blues verses consisted of a single line repeated four times, Early blues frequently took the form of a loose narrative, often relating the troubles experienced in African-American society. Many elements, such as the format and the use of blue notes. The origins of the blues are closely related to the religious music of the Afro-American community. The first appearance of the blues is often dated to after the ending of slavery and, later and it is associated with the newly acquired freedom of the former slaves. Chroniclers began to report about blues music at the dawn of the 20th century, the first publication of blues sheet music was in 1908. Blues has since evolved from unaccompanied vocal music and oral traditions of slaves into a variety of styles and subgenres. Blues subgenres include country blues, such as Delta blues and Piedmont blues, as well as urban blues styles such as Chicago blues, World War II marked the transition from acoustic to electric blues and the progressive opening of blues music to a wider audience, especially white listeners. In the 1960s and 1970s, a form called blues rock evolved. The term blues may have come from blue devils, meaning melancholy and sadness, the phrase blue devils may also have been derived from Britain in the 1600s, when the term referred to the intense visual hallucinations that can accompany severe alcohol withdrawal. As time went on, the phrase lost the reference to devils, by the 1800s in the United States, the term blues was associated with drinking alcohol, a meaning which survives in the phrase blue law, which prohibits the sale of alcohol on Sunday. Though the use of the phrase in African-American music may be older, it has been attested to in print since 1912, in lyrics the phrase is often used to describe a depressed mood. The lyrics of traditional blues verses probably often consisted of a single line repeated four times. Two of the first published songs, Dallas Blues and Saint Louis Blues, were 12-bar blues with the AAB lyric structure. Handy wrote that he adopted this convention to avoid the monotony of lines repeated three times, the lines are often sung following a pattern closer to rhythmic talk than to a melody
6.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
7.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
8.
J. D. "Jay" Miller
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Joseph Denton Jay Miller was an American record producer, musician and songwriter from Crowley, Louisiana, whose Cajun, swamp blues, and swamp pop recordings had an impact on American popular culture. Miller was born in Iota, Louisiana, on May 5,1922, in 1946, he began to record Cajun musicians, using a studio belonging to the record producer Cosimo Matassa, in New Orleans. In 1946, his new label, Fais Do Do Records, recorded most notably the string band Happy, Doc, and the Boys. After a few records, in 1947, he changed the name of the label to Feature Records, in the 1950s he began to record swamp pop artists, including King Karl, Guitar Gable, Warren Storm, Rod Bernard, and Johnnie Allan, among others. In 1952, Miller wrote the lyrics to It Wasnt God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels, the song, as recorded by Kitty Wells, became gold and stayed number 1 for several weeks. Around this time he began to record swamp blues artists, such as Lightnin Slim, Lazy Lester, Lonesome Sundown. Miller produced Harpos Im a King Bee and Rainin in My Heart, significant swamp blues recordings later covered, respectively, by the Rolling Stones and by Neil Young. From 1962 to 1965, Miller also recorded sides by Silas Hogan, until Miller argued with the new owners of Excello Records, Millers songwriting credits include It Wasnt God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels. He professed to enjoy African-American blues music more than any musical genre. Yet in the 1960s he also produced and released several racist recordings on his own Reb Rebel label, today, compact discs of Millers racist recordings can be found for sale on various racist and hate group websites. Miller died in Crowley, on March 23,1996, after complications following quadruple bypass surgery, the Jay D. Miller Award, granted by the Louisiana Blues Hall of Fame, is named for him. Songs by Miller, covered by artists, I Made A Big Mistake - covered by Iry LeJeune. Diggy Liggy Lo - covered by Doug Kershaw and many others, I Hear You Knocking - covered by Dwight Yoakam and The Fabulous Thunderbirds. Im A Lover Not A Fighter - covered by The Kinks Acadian All Star Special, The Pioneering Cajun Recordings of J. D. Miller John Broven, South to Louisiana, The Music of the Cajun Bayous
9.
Swamp blues
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It generally has a slow tempo and incorporates influences from other genres of music, particularly the regional styles of zydeco and Cajun music. Its most successful proponents included Slim Harpo and Lightnin Slim, who enjoyed a number of national rhythm and blues hits and whose work was frequently covered by bands of the British Invasion. Swamp blues is a laid-back, slow tempo, and generally more rhythmic variation of Louisiana blues and it is characterized by simple but effective guitar work and is heavily influenced by the boogie patterns used on Jimmy Reed records and the work of Lightnin Hopkins and Muddy Waters. The sound of blues was characterized by eerie echo, shuffle beats, tremolo guitars, searing harmonica. Swamp blues originated in the Louisiana state capital, Baton Rouge, in the 1950s Miller realized many blues artists around the city had not been recorded. He rectified this, distributing their recordings through Excello Records in Nashville, the most successful and influential artist with whom he worked was guitarist and harmonica player Slim Harpo. Other major artists included Lightnin Slim, Lazy Lester, Silas Hogan, Lonesome Sundown, a number of their tracks, particularly those of Slim Harpo, were covered by British Invasion bands, including the Rolling Stones, The Kinks and the Yardbirds. The popularity of the genre faded in the 1970s, with many swamp bluesmen turning to zydeco which remained popular with black audiences
10.
Twelve-bar blues
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The 12-bar blues or blues changes is one of the most prominent chord progressions in popular music. The blues progression has a form in lyrics, phrase, chord structure. In its basic form, it is based on the I-IV-V chords of a key. The blues can be played in any key, mastery of the blues and rhythm changes are critical elements for building a jazz repertoire. In the key of C, one basic blues progression is as follows, a basic example of the progression would look like this, using T to indicate the tonic, S for the subdominant, and D for the dominant, and representing one chord. In Roman numeral analysis the tonic is called the I, the sub-dominant the IV, using said notations, the chord progression outlined above can be represented as follows. The first line takes four bars, as do the two lines, for a total of twelve bars. However, the vocal or lead phrases, though they come in threes. This overlap between the grouping of the accompaniment and the vocal is part of what creates interest in the twelve bar blues, handy, the Father of the Blues, codified this blues form to help musicians communicate chord changes. The length of sections may be varied to create eight-bar blues or sixteen-bar blues, seventh chords are often used just before a change, and more changes can be added. Basic jazz blues progression Play In jazz, 12-bar blues progressions are expanded with moving substitutions, the cadence uniquely leads to the root by perfect intervals of fourths. The Bebop blues, Play This progression is similar to Charlie Parkers Nows the Time, Billies Bounce, Sonny Rollinss Tenor Madness and it is a bop soloists cliche to arpeggiate this chord from the 3 up to the ♭9. Minor blues Play There are also minor 12-bar blues, such as John Coltranes Equinox and Mr. P. C. made famous by Lil Green with Big Bill Broonzy and then Peggy Lee with the Benny Goodman Orchestra. The chord on the scale degree may be major or minor, in which case it fits a dorian scale along with the minor i7 and iv7 chords. Major and minor can also be mixed together, a characteristic of the music of Charles Brown. While the blues is most often considered to be in strophic form with a verse-chorus pattern. Handys St. Louis Blues However, many using the blues chord progression have lyrics that are not in the three-line form. For instance, Im Moving On has a verse in the first four bars, Im movin on, Ill soon be gone You were flyin too high for my little old sky So Im movin on
11.
Rock Me Baby (song)
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Rock Me Baby is a blues standard that has become one of the most recorded blues songs of all time. Kings recording of Rock Me Baby was released in 1964, it became his first Top 40 hit and it is based on earlier blues songs and has been interpreted and recorded by numerous artists in a variety of styles. Kings Rock Me Baby is based on Rockin and Rollin, a recorded by Lil Son Jackson in 1950. Kings lyrics are identical to Jacksons, although instrumentally the songs are different. Rockin and Rollin is a piece, with Jacksons vocal and guitar accompaniment. Muddy Waters song Rock Me, recorded in 1956, is based on Jacksons song. Some of Jacksons lyrics were used, but Waters incorporated a couple of verses from his 1951 song All Night Long, muddy Waters Rock Me also uses Jacksons guitar figure and the starting of the vocal on the IV chord and he interpreted it as an unusual fifteen-bar blues. Muddy Waters recorded a version of Rock Me for his 1978 album Im Ready. Lil Son Jacksons Rockin and Rollin was inspired by earlier blues songs, big Bill Broonzys 1940 song Rockin Chair Blues makes frequent use of the phrase rock me baby as in Rock me baby now, rock me slow. Now rock me baby, one time before you go, arthur Crudups 1944 song, Rock Me Mama, is based on Broonzys song and repeats the same refrain, but uses mama in place of baby. Curtis Jones 1939 song Roll Me Mama shares a couple of phrases with Rockin and Rollin, Rock Me Baby is a medium-tempo twelve-bar blues notated in the key of C in common or 4/4 time. In addition to Kings vocal and guitar, the features a tight. Kent part-owner Joe Bihari recalled the pianist as Kings frequent collaborator Maxwell Davis, although others have suggested, such as Lloyd Glenn. The arrangement provides a structure that allows King room for biting guitar work. There is some confusion as to when B. B. King recorded Rock Me Baby, although King had signed to ABC-Paramount Records in January 14,1962, his former label, Kent Records, continued to release singles well into the 1970s from many unreleased King masters. Thus forcing King to compete with himself, recording dates have been estimated as about 1958 to before 1962. The song was released shortly after Kings Paramount release How Blue Can You Get in 1964, Rock Me Baby was the first of six B. B. King records to reach the pop Top 40. In 1997, King re-recorded the song with Eric Clapton for the album Deuces Wild, over the years, many blues and other artists have interpreted and recorded Rock Me Baby
12.
The Rolling Stones
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The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The original line-up consisted of Brian Jones, Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Bill Wyman, Charlie Watts, Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985. Jones left the less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor. After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since, following Wymans departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist. Other touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins, Billy Preston, the band was first led by Jones, but after teaming as the bands songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles. The Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the US in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in blues and early rock and roll, the group began a period of musical experimentation in the mid-1960s that peaked with the psychedelic album Their Satanic Majesties Request. During this period, they were first introduced on stage as The Worlds Greatest Rock, the band continued to release commercially successful records in the 1970s and sold many albums, including Some Girls and Tattoo You, which were their most popular albums worldwide. From 1983 to 1987, tensions between Jagger and Richards almost caused the band to split, however, they managed to patch up their friendship in 1987. They separated temporarily to work on projects and experienced a comeback with Steel Wheels. Since the 1990s, new recorded material from the group has been increasingly less well-received, despite this, the Rolling Stones have continued to be a huge attraction on the live circuit, with stadium tours in the 1990s and 2000s. By 2007, the band had four of the top five highest-grossing concert tours of all time, Voodoo Lounge Tour, Bridges to Babylon Tour, Licks Tour and A Bigger Bang Tour. The Rolling Stones were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989, Rolling Stone magazine ranked them fourth on the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list and their estimated album sales are above 250 million. They have released 30 studio albums,18 live albums and numerous compilations, Let It Bleed was their first of five consecutive number one studio and live albums in the UK. Sticky Fingers was the first of eight number one studio albums in the US. In 2008, the band ranked 10th on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists chart, in 2012, the band celebrated its 50th anniversary. Keith Richards and Mick Jagger were childhood friends and classmates in Dartford, Kent, Jagger had formed a garage band with Dick Taylor, mainly playing Muddy Waters, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Howlin Wolf and Bo Diddley material. Jagger met Richards again in 1960 on platform two of Dartford railway station, the Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters records that Jagger carried revealed a common interest that prompted their musical partnership
13.
The Rolling Stones (album)
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The Rolling Stones is the debut album by The Rolling Stones, released by Decca Records in the UK on 16 April 1964. The American edition of the LP, with a different track list, came out on London Records on 30 May 1964, subtitled Englands Newest Hit Makers. The album is included in Robert Dimerys 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die, recorded at Regent Sound Studios in London over the course of five days in January and February 1964, The Rolling Stones was produced by then-managers Andrew Loog Oldham and Eric Easton. The album was released by Decca Records in the UK. The majority of the tracks reflect the love for R&B. Mick Jagger and Keith Richards were fledgling songwriters during early 1964, contributing only one composition to the album. Two songs are credited to Nanker Phelge – a pseudonym the band used for group compositions from 1963 to 1965. Phil Spector and Gene Pitney both contributed to the sessions, and are referred to as Uncle Phil and Uncle Gene in the subtitle of the Phelge instrumental Now Ive Got a Witness. First pressings of the album, with numbers ending in 1A, 2A, 1B, and 2B, have a 2,52 version of Tell Me. Subsequent pressings include the 4,06 version, the album cover photo was taken by Nicholas Wright. The cover bears no title or identifying information other than the photo, upon its release, The Rolling Stones became one of 1964s biggest sellers in the UK, staying at No.1 for twelve weeks. The original British version is out-of-print on CD, in November 2010, it was made available as part of a limited edition vinyl box set titled The Rolling Stones 1964–1969, and by itself digitally at the same time. The original title was also re-instated as part of the Rolling Stones in Mono CD box set, the album was only released in mono in both the UK and US, no true stereo mix was ever made. Upon its release, The Rolling Stones reached No.11 in the US, to date, this is the Stones only American studio album that has failed to place in the top five on the Billboard album charts. In August 2002, the album, by now officially called Englands Newest Hit Makers, was reissued as a new remastered CD and SACD digipak by ABKCO
14.
Brian Jones
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Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones was an English musician, the founder and the original leader of the Rolling Stones. Although he was originally the leader of the band, Joness fellow band members Mick Jagger and Keith Richards soon overshadowed him, Jones developed a serious drug problem over the years and his role in the band steadily diminished with help from Jagger and Richards. The band asked Jones to leave the Rolling Stones in June 1969, Jones died less than a month later by drowning in the swimming pool at his home on Cotchford Farm in Hartfield, East Sussex. Original Rolling Stones bass guitarist Bill Wyman said of Jones, He formed the band and he chose the music we played. He was very influential, very important, and then slowly lost it – highly intelligent – and just kind of wasted it, Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones was born in the Park Nursing Home in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, on 28 February 1942. An attack of croup at the age of four left him with asthma and his middle-class parents, Lewis Blount Jones and Louisa Beatrice Jones were of Welsh descent. Brian had two sisters, Pamela, who was born on 3 October 1943 and died on 14 October 1945 of leukemia, in 1957 Jones first heard Cannonball Adderleys music, which inspired his interest in jazz. Jones persuaded his parents to buy him a saxophone, and two years later his parents gave him his first acoustic guitar as a 17th birthday present and he enjoyed badminton and diving at school and attained first clarinet in the school orchestra. In 1957 he reportedly obtained seven O-level passes, then he continued into the sixth form and he also took three A-levels in Physics, Chemistry and Biology and passed in Physics and Chemistry, but failed in Biology. Jones was able to well in exams despite a lack of academic effort. However, he found school regimented and disliked conforming and he disliked the school uniforms and angered teachers with his behaviour, though he was popular with classmates. Jones himself said, When I made the sixth form I found myself accepted by the older boys and his hostility to authority figures resulted in his suspension from school on two occasions. According to Dick Hattrell, a friend, He was a rebel without a cause. In late summer 1959, Joness 17-year-old girlfriend, a Cheltenham schoolgirl named Valerie Corbett, although Jones is said to have encouraged her to have an abortion, she carried the child to term and placed baby Barry David for adoption. Jones quit school in disgrace and left home, travelling for a summer through Northern Europe, during this period, he lived a bohemian lifestyle, busking with his guitar on the streets for money, and living off the charity of others. Eventually, he ran short of money and returned to England, Jones listened to classical music as a child, but preferred blues, particularly Elmore James and Robert Johnson. He began performing at blues and jazz clubs, while busking and working odd jobs. He reportedly stole small amounts of money from work to pay for cigarettes, in November 1959, Jones went to the Wooden Bridge Hotel in Guildford to see a band perform
15.
Keith Richards
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Keith Richards is an English guitarist, singer, songwriter, best-selling memoirist and founding member of the rock band the Rolling Stones. The magazine of the same name credited Richards for rocks greatest single body of riffs on guitar, fourteen songs that Richards wrote with the Rolling Stones lead vocalist Mick Jagger are listed among Rolling Stone magazines 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The Stones are generally known for their guitar interplay of rhythm, in spite of this, Richards plays the only guitar tracks on some of their most famous songs including Paint It Black, Ruby Tuesday, Sympathy for the Devil, Gimme Shelter, and Angie. Richards was born 18 December 1943 at Livingston Hospital, in Dartford, Kent and he is the only child of Doris M. L. and Herbert W. Richards. His father was a worker who was injured in World War II during the Normandy invasion. His great-grandfathers family originated from Wales and his maternal grandfather, Augustus Theodore Gus Dupree, who toured Britain with a jazz big band, Gus Dupree and his Boys, fostered Richards interest in guitar. Richards has said that it was Dupree who gave him his first guitar and his grandfather teased the young Richards with a guitar that was on a shelf that Richards couldnt reach at the time. Finally Dupree told Richards, that if Richards could reach the guitar then he could have it, Richards then devised all manner of ways of reaching the guitar, putting books and cushions on a chair and finally got the guitar and his grandfather let him have it. His grandfather taught him the rudiments of Richards first tune, Malagueña and he worked on the number like mad and then his grandfather let him keep the guitar. He called it the prize of the century, Richards played at home, listening to recordings by Billie Holiday, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington and others. His father, on the hand, disparaged his sons musical enthusiasm. One of Richards first guitar heroes was Scotty Moore, Richards attended Wentworth Primary School with Mick Jagger and was his neighbour until 1954, when the family moved. From 1955 to 1959 he attended Dartford Technical High School for Boys, recruited by Dartford Techs choirmaster, R. W. Jake Clare, Richards sang in a trio of boy sopranos at, among other occasions, Westminster Abbey for Queen Elizabeth II. In 1959 Richards was expelled from Dartford Tech for truancy and transferred to Sidcup Art College, at Sidcup he was diverted from his studies proper and devoted more time to playing guitar with other students in the boys room. At this point Richards had learned most of Chuck Berrys solos, Richards met Jagger on a train as Jagger was heading for classes at the London School of Economics. The mail-order rhythm & blues albums from Chess Records by Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters that Jagger was carrying revealed a mutual interest, along with mutual friend Dick Taylor, Jagger was singing in an amateur band, Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys, which Richards soon joined. The Blues Boys folded when Brian Jones, after sharing thoughts on their joint interest in the music, invited Mick and Keith to the Bricklayers Arms pub. By mid-1962 Richards had left Sidcup Art College to devote himself to music and moved into a London flat with Jagger and his parents divorced about the same time, resulting in his staying close to his mother and remaining estranged from his father until 1982
16.
Bill Wyman
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William George Wyman, born as William George Perks Jr. is an English musician, record producer, songwriter and singer. He was the bass guitarist for the English rock and roll band The Rolling Stones from 1962 until 1993, since 1997, he has recorded and toured with his own band, Bill Wymans Rhythm Kings. He has worked producing both records and film, and has scored music for film in movies and television, Wyman has kept a journal since he was a child after World War II. As an author, he has seven books, which have sold two million copies. Wyman is also a photographer, and his works have displayed in galleries around the world, Wymans lack of funds in his early years led him to create and build his own fretless bass guitar. He became an amateur archaeologist and enjoys metal detecting, The Times published a letter about his hobby and he designed and marketed a patented Bill Wyman signature metal detector, which he has used to find relics in the English countryside dating back to the era of the Roman Empire. As a businessman he owns several establishments, including the Sticky Fingers Café, a rock and roll themed bistro serving American cuisine, which first opened in 1989 in Kensington. Bill Wyman was born as William George Perks, Jr. in Lewisham Hospital in Lewisham, south London, the son of William Perks, a bricklayer, and his wife, Molly. One of five children, Wyman spent most of his life living in a terraced house in one of the roughest streets in Sydenham. He describes his childhood as scarred by poverty and he attended Beckenham and Penge County Grammar School from 1947 to Easter 1953, leaving before the GCE exams after his father found him a job working for a bookmaker and insisted that he take it. Wyman took piano lessons from age 10 to 13, a year after his marriage on 24 October 1959 to Diane Cory, an 18-year-old bank clerk, he bought a Burns electric guitar for £52 on hire-purchase, but was not satisfied by his progress. He switched to guitar after hearing one at a Barron Knights concert. He created an electric bass guitar by removing the frets from a cheap Japanese bass guitar he was reworking and played this in a south London band. He used the stage name Lee Wyman, taking the surname of a friend with whom he had done national service in the Royal Air Force from 1955 to 1957 and he legally changed his surname to Wyman in August 1964. When drummer Tony Chapman told him that a rhythm and blues band called the Rolling Stones needed a bass player, the band was impressed by his instrument and amplifiers, but because he was married, employed, and older, Wyman remained an outsider. Wyman was the oldest member of the group, in addition to playing bass, Wyman frequently provided backing vocals on early records and through 1967 in concert as well. He sang lead on the track In Another Land, on the Their Satanic Majesties Request album, the song is one of two Wyman compositions released by the Rolling Stones, the second is Downtown Suzie, on Metamorphosis, a collection of Rolling Stones outtakes. The title Downtown Suzie was chosen by their erstwhile manager Allen Klein without consulting Wyman or the band, the original title was Sweet Lisle Lucy, named after Lisle Street, a street in the red light district in Soho, London
17.
Charlie Watts
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Charles Robert Charlie Watts is an English drummer, best known as a member of The Rolling Stones. Originally trained as a graphic artist, he started playing drums in London’s rhythm and blues clubs, where he met Brian Jones, Mick Jagger, and Keith Richards. In 1963, he joined their group, the Rolling Stones, as drummer, while doubling as designer of their record sleeves and he has also toured with his own group, the Charlie Watts Quintet, and appeared at London’s prestigious jazz-club Ronnie Scott’s with the Charlie Watts Tentet. In 2006, Watts was elected into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame, in the same year, in the estimation of noted music critic Robert Christgau, Watts is rocks greatest drummer. In 2016, he was ranked 12th on Rolling Stones 100 Greatest Drummers of All Time list and he attended Tylers Croft Secondary Modern School from 1952 to 1956, as a schoolboy, he displayed a talent for art, cricket and football. As a child, Watts lived in Wembley, at 23 Pilgrims Way, many of Wembley’s houses had been destroyed by German bombs during World War II, Watts and his family lived in a prefabricated home, as did many in the community. Wattss neighbour Dave Green, who lived next door at 22 Pilgrims Way, was a childhood friend, Green recalls that as boys, we discovered 78rpm records. Charlie had more records than I did and we used to go to Charlies bedroom and just get these records out. Watts earliest records were jazz recordings, he remembers owning 78 RPM records of Jelly Roll Morton, Green recalls that Watts also had the one with Monk and the Johnny Dodge Trio. Charlie was ahead of me in listening and acquisitions, Watts initially found his transition to rhythm and blues puzzling, commenting, I went into rhythm and blues. When they asked me to play, I didnt know what it was, I thought it meant Charlie Parker, played slow. Watts parents gave him his first drum kit in 1955, he was interested in jazz, after completing secondary school, he enrolled at Harrow Art School, which he attended until 1960. After leaving school, Watts worked as a designer for an advertising company called Charlie Daniels Studios. In 1961 he met Alexis Korner, who invited him to join his band, at that time Watts was on his way to a sojourn working as a graphic designer in Denmark, but he accepted Korners offer when he returned to London in February 1962. Watts played regularly with Blues Incorporated and maintained a job with another advertising firm of Charles, Hobson and Grey. The band surprised the throng of waiting reporters by driving and playing Brown Sugar on the back of a truck in the middle of Manhattan traffic. Watts remembered this was a way for New Orleans jazz bands to promote upcoming dates. Watts has been involved in activities outside his life as a member of The Rolling Stones
18.
Mick Jagger
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Sir Michael Philip Mick Jagger is an English singer and songwriter, the lead singer and one of the founding members of the Rolling Stones. Jaggers career has spanned over 55 years, and he has described as one of the most popular. Jaggers distinctive voice and performance, along with Keith Richards guitar style, have been the trademark of the Rolling Stones throughout the career of the band, Jagger gained press notoriety for his admitted drug use and romantic involvements, and was often portrayed as a countercultural figure. In the late 1960s, Jagger began acting in films, to mixed reception, in 1985, he released his first solo album, Shes the Boss. In early 2009, Jagger joined the electric supergroup SuperHeavy, in 1989 he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and in 2004 into the UK Music Hall of Fame with the Rolling Stones. In 2003, he was knighted for his services to popular music, Michael Philip Jagger was born into a middle-class family in Dartford, Kent. His father, Basil Fanshawe Joe Jagger, and grandfather, David Ernest Jagger, were both teachers and his mother, Eva Ensley Mary, born in Sydney, Australia, of English descent, was a hairdresser and an active member of the Conservative Party. Jaggers younger brother, Chris, is also a musician, although brought up to follow his fathers career path, Jagger was always a singer as he stated in According to the Rolling Stones. I always sang as a child, I was one of those kids who just liked to sing. Some kids sing in choirs, others like to show off in front of the mirror, I was in the church choir and I also loved listening to singers on the radio–the BBC or Radio Luxembourg–or watching them on TV and in the movies. In September 1950, Keith Richards and Jagger were classmates at Wentworth Primary School, in 1954, Jagger passed the eleven-plus and went to Dartford Grammar School, which now has the Mick Jagger Centre installed within the schools site, named after its most famous alumnus. Jagger left school in 1961 after obtaining seven O-levels and three A-levels, Jagger and Richards moved into a flat in Edith Grove in Chelsea, London with a guitarist they had encountered named Brian Jones. In their earliest days the members played for no money in the interval of Alexis Korners gigs at a basement club opposite Ealing Broadway tube station, at the time, the group had very little equipment and needed to borrow Alexis gear to play. This was before Andrew Loog Oldham became their manager, the groups first appearance under the name the Rollin Stones was at the Marquee Club in London, a jazz club, on 12 July 1962. They would later change their name to the Rolling Stones as it seemed more formal, victor Bockris states that the band members included Jagger, Keith Richards, Brian Jones, Ian Stewart on piano, Dick Taylor on bass and Tony Chapman on drums. However, Richards states in Life that The drummer that night was Mick Avory--not Tony Chapman, avory himself has categorically denied on many occasions that he played with the Rollin Stones that night. In fact he only rehearsed twice with them in the Bricklayers Arms pub, Some time later the band went on their first tour in the United Kingdom, this was known as the training ground tour, because it was a new experience for all of them. The line-up did not at that time include drummer Charlie Watts or bassist Bill Wyman, by 1963 they were finding their musical stride as well as popularity
19.
Pink Floyd
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Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London. They achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music, Pink Floyd were founded in 1965 by students Syd Barrett on guitar and lead vocals, Nick Mason on drums, Roger Waters on bass and vocals, and Richard Wright on keyboards and vocals. Guitarist David Gilmour joined in December 1967, Barrett left in April 1968 due to deteriorating mental health. Waters became the primary lyricist and conceptual leader, devising the concepts behind their albums The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here, Animals, The Wall. The Dark Side of the Moon and The Wall became two of the albums of all time. Following creative tensions, Wright left Pink Floyd in 1979, followed by Waters in 1985, Gilmour and Mason continued as Pink Floyd, Wright rejoined them as a session musician and, later, a band member. The three produced two more albums—A Momentary Lapse of Reason and The Division Bell —and toured through 1994, Barrett died in 2006, and Wright in 2008. The final Pink Floyd studio album, The Endless River, was recorded without Waters, Pink Floyd were inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. By 2013, the band had more than 250 million records worldwide. Roger Waters met Nick Mason while they were both studying architecture at the London Polytechnic at Regent Street and they first played music together in a group formed by Keith Noble and Clive Metcalfe with Nobles sister Sheilagh. Richard Wright, an architecture student, joined later that year. Waters played lead guitar, Mason drums, and Wright rhythm guitar, the band performed at private functions and rehearsed in a tearoom in the basement of the Regent Street Polytechnic. They performed songs by the Searchers and material written by their manager and songwriter, Mason moved out after the 1964 academic year, and guitarist Bob Klose moved in during September 1964, prompting Waters switch to bass. Sigma 6 went through several names, including the Meggadeaths, the Abdabs and the Screaming Abdabs, Leonards Lodgers, in 1964, as Metcalfe and Noble left to form their own band, guitarist Syd Barrett joined Klose and Waters at Stanhope Gardens. Barrett, two younger, had moved to London in 1962 to study at the Camberwell College of Arts. Waters and Barrett were childhood friends, Waters had often visited Barrett, Noble and Metcalfe left the Tea Set in late 1963, and Klose introduced the band to singer Chris Dennis, a technician with the Royal Air Force. In December 1964, they secured their first recording time, at a studio in West Hampstead, through one of Wrights friends, Wright, who was taking a break from his studies, did not participate in the session. When the RAF assigned Dennis a post in Bahrain in early 1965, later that year, they became the resident band at the Countdown Club near Kensington High Street in London, where from late night until early morning they played three sets of 90 minutes each
20.
Syd Barrett
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Roger Keith Syd Barrett was a British musician, composer, singer-songwriter, and painter. Best known as a member of the band Pink Floyd, Barrett was the lead singer, guitarist. Barrett was excluded from Pink Floyd in April 1968 after David Gilmour took over as their new guitarist, Barrett was musically active for less than ten years. With Pink Floyd, he recorded four singles, their debut album, Barrett began his solo career in 1969 with the single Octopus from his first solo album, The Madcap Laughs. The album was recorded over the course of a year with five different producers, nearly two months after Madcap was released, Barrett began working on his second and final album, Barrett, produced by Gilmour and featuring contributions from Richard Wright. Two years later, he left the industry, retired from public life. In 1988, an album of unreleased tracks and outtakes, Opel, was released by EMI with Barretts approval, Barretts innovative guitar work and exploration of experimental techniques such as dissonance, distortion and feedback influenced many musicians. His recordings are noted for their strongly English-accented vocal delivery. After leaving music, Barrett continued with painting and dedicated himself to gardening, Pink Floyd wrote and recorded several tributes to him, most notably the 1975 album Wish You Were Here, which included Shine On You Crazy Diamond, as homage to Barrett. Syd Barrett was born as Roger Keith Barrett in the English city of Cambridge to a family living at 60 Glisson Road. Barrett was the fourth of five children and his father, Arthur Max Barrett, was a prominent pathologist and he was related to Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, through Maxs maternal grandmother Ellen Garrett, who was Elizabeths cousin. In 1951 his family moved to 183 Hills Road, Barrett played piano occasionally, but usually preferred writing and drawing. He got a ukulele at 10, a banjo at 11, a year after he got his first acoustic guitar, he bought his first electric guitar and built his own amplifier. He used both names interchangeably for several years and his sister Rosemary stated, He was never Syd at home. He would never have allowed it and he was a Scout with the 7th Cambridge troop and went on to be a patrol leader. At one point at Morley Memorial Junior School he was taught by Roger Waters mother, later, in 1957, he attended Cambridgeshire High School for Boys. His father died of cancer on 11 December 1961, less than a month before Barretts 16th birthday, also on this day, Barrett had left the entry in his diary for this date blank. By this time, his brothers and sisters had left home, eager to help her son recover from his grief, Barretts mother encouraged the band in which he played, Geoff Mott and The Mottoes, a band which Barrett formed, to perform in their front room
21.
Roger Waters
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George Roger Waters is an English singer, songwriter, bassist, and composer. In 1965, he co-founded the progressive rock band Pink Floyd with drummer Nick Mason, keyboardist Rick Wright and guitarist, singer, and songwriter Syd Barrett. Waters initially served as the groups bassist, but following the departure of Barrett in 1968, he became their lyricist, conceptual leader. Pink Floyd subsequently achieved success with the concept albums The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here, Animals. By the early 1980s, they had one of the most critically acclaimed and best-selling acts in the history of popular music, as of 2013. Amid creative differences within the group, Waters left in 1985 and began a dispute with the remaining members over their intended use of the bands name. They settled out of court in 1987, and nearly eighteen years passed before he performed them again. Waters solo career has included three albums, The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking, Radio K. A. O. S. In 1990, he staged one of the largest and most extravagant rock concerts in history, The Wall – Live in Berlin, with an official attendance of 200,000. As a member of Pink Floyd, he was inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and that same year he released Ça Ira, an opera in three acts translated from Étienne and Nadine Roda-Gils libretto about the French Revolution. Later that year, he reunited with Pink Floyd bandmates Mason, Wright and David Gilmour for the Live 8 global awareness event and he has toured extensively as a solo act since 1999 and played The Dark Side of the Moon in its entirety for his world tour of 2006–2008. In 2010, he began The Wall Live and in 2011 Gilmour, as of 2013, the tour is the highest-grossing of all time by a solo artist. George Roger Waters was born on 6 September 1943, the younger of two boys, to Mary and Eric Fletcher Waters, in Great Bookham, Surrey. His father, the son of a miner and Labour Party activist, was a schoolteacher, a devout Christian. In the early years of the Second World War, his father was a conscientious objector who drove an ambulance during the Blitz. He later changed his stance on pacifism, joined the Territorial Army and was commissioned into the 8th Battalion and he was killed five months later on 18 February 1944 at Aprilia, during the Battle of Anzio, when Roger was five months old. He is commemorated at the Cassino War Cemetery, on 18 February 2014, Waters unveiled a monument to his father and other war casualties in Aprilia, and was made an honorary citizen of Anzio. Following her husbands death, Mary Waters, also a teacher, Roger Waters earliest memory is of the V-J Day celebrations
22.
Richard Wright (musician)
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Richard William Rick Wright was an English musician, composer, singer and songwriter. Wright grew up in Hatch End, Middlesex and met future Pink Floyd bandmates Roger Waters, initially a straightforward singer / songwriter, Wright later acted as an arranger to Waters and Gilmours compositions. He began to contribute less towards the end of the 1970s and he rejoined the band as a session player in 1987 for A Momentary Lapse of Reason, and became a full-time member again for The Division Bell in 1994. Sessions with Wright during this period were released on the album The Endless River. Away from the Floyd, Wright recorded two albums, including a collaboration with Anthony Moore on Broken China, and briefly formed the duo Zee. Overshadowed by bandmates Barrett, Waters and Gilmour, Wright was the quietest and most reserved member of Pink Floyd and his contributions have been overlooked, but his death brought a reappraisal and recognition of his talents. His jazz and improvisation influences and keyboard performances were an important part of the Pink Floyd sound, Wright, whose father was head biochemist at Unigate Dairies, grew up in Hatch End, Middlesex, and was educated at the Haberdashers Askes School. He taught himself to play guitar, trumpet and piano at age 12 after he was recuperating from breaking a leg and his mother helped and encouraged him to play the piano. He took private lessons in theory and composition at the Eric Gilder School of Music and became influenced by the trad jazz revival. Uncertain about his future, he enrolled in 1962 at the Regent Street Polytechnic which was incorporated into the University of Westminster. There he met fellow musicians Roger Waters and Nick Mason, Wrights position in the band was tenuous to begin with, as he did not choose a definitive instrument, playing piano if a pub had one, otherwise settling on the trombone or rhythm guitar. He moved in with Waters and Mason to a house in Stanhope Gardens, Highgate, although Mason and Waters were competent students, Wright found architecture of little interest and after only a year of study moved to the London College of Music. He took a break from studies and travelled to Greece for a sabbatical and their landlord, Mike Leonard, purchased a Farfisa organ and briefly replaced Wright in the band. However, the organ ultimately became Wrights main instrument, through a friend, he arranged the fledgling groups first recording session in a West Hampstead studio, just before Christmas 1964. Guitarists Bob Klose and Syd Barrett joined the band, which became Pink Floyd, Pink Floyd had stabilised with a line-up of Barrett, Waters, Mason and Wright by mid-1965, and after frequent gigging that year became regulars on the underground live circuit in London. As the most qualified musician, Wright was responsible for tuning guitars, Later on, he had a Strobotuner to tune guitars silently during gigs. In the bands early days, before acquiring a full-time road crew, while not credited for vocals on The Piper at the Gates of Dawn, he sang lead on Barrett-penned songs like Astronomy Domine and Matilda Mother. Examples of his compositions include Remember a Day, See-Saw, Paint Box
23.
Nick Mason
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Nicholas Berkeley Nick Mason is an English musician and composer, best known as the drummer of progressive rock group Pink Floyd. Mason was the only Pink Floyd member to be featured on one of their albums. It is estimated that as of 2010, the group have sold over 250 million records worldwide, despite solely writing only a few Pink Floyd songs, Mason has co-written some of Pink Floyds most popular compositions such as Echoes and Time. He competes in racing events, such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans. On 26 November 2012, Mason received an Honorary Doctor of Letters from the University of Westminster at the ceremony of the School of Architecture. He later studied at the Regent Street Polytechnic, where he teamed up with Roger Waters, Bob Klose and Rick Wright in 1964 to form Pink Floyds predecessor, Mason has been the drummer on every Pink Floyd album. The only Pink Floyd songs whose composition is credited solely to Mason are The Grand Viziers Garden Party Parts 1–3, the one-off song by the band titled Nicks Boogie was named after him. He does, however, sing lead vocals on two unreleased but heavily bootlegged tracks, Scream Thy Last Scream, penned by original leader Syd Barrett, in live performances of the song Sheep, he did the spoken section. Despite legal conflicts over ownership of the name Pink Floyd, which began when Waters left the group in 1986 and lasted seven years, Waters. On 12 May 2007, Mason joined Waters again on stage at Earls Court to play The Dark Side of the Moon. Again, on 12 May 2011, Mason was featured, along with David Gilmour, on the encore Outside the Wall at a concert by Waters, Gilmour also performed on Comfortably Numb that night. In July 2005, Mason, Gilmour, Wright, and Waters played together on stage for the first time in 24 years, a four-song set was played at the Live 8 concert in London. Mason also joined Gilmour and Wright for the encore during Gilmours show at the Royal Albert Hall, London, on 31 May 2006 and he also stated in 2006 that Pink Floyd have not officially disbanded yet. However, on the Profiles album Mason released with Rick Fenn in 1985 and he can be seen playing a vibraphone in the promo video for Lie for a Lie, but it is unknown if he actually played on the recording. Mason has also said that he took some failed piano and violin lessons as a child before taking up drums, Mason has occasionally worked with other musicians, notably as a drummer and producer for Steve Hillage, Robert Wyatt, The Damned and Gong. He also drummed for Michael Mantler, Masons book, Inside Out, A Personal History of Pink Floyd, was published in the UK in October 2004. It is also available, abridged, as a 3-CD audio book, an updated edition was published, in paperback, in 2011. He performed in the ceremony of the 2012 Olympic Games on 12 August 2012
24.
Grateful Dead
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The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in Palo Alto, California. Their music, writes Lenny Kaye, touches on ground that most other groups dont even know exists and these various influences were distilled into a diverse and psychedelic whole that made the Grateful Dead the pioneering Godfathers of the jam band world. The band was ranked 57th by Rolling Stone magazine in its The Greatest Artists of All Time issue, the Grateful Dead have sold more than 35 million albums worldwide. The Grateful Dead was founded in the San Francisco Bay Area amid the rise of the counterculture of the 1960s, the founding members were Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Ron Pigpen McKernan, Phil Lesh, and Bill Kreutzmann. Members of the Grateful Dead had played together in various San Francisco bands, including Mother McCrees Uptown Jug Champions, Lesh was the last member to join the Warlocks before they became the Grateful Dead, he replaced Dana Morgan Jr. who had played bass for a few gigs. Drummer Mickey Hart and nonperforming lyricist Robert Hunter joined in 1967, with the exception of McKernan, who died in 1973, and Hart, who took time off from 1971 to 1974, the core of the band stayed together for its entire 30-year history. The other official members of the band are Tom Constanten, John Perry Barlow, Keith Godchaux, Donna Godchaux, Brent Mydland, pianist Bruce Hornsby was a touring member from 1990 to 1992, as well as guesting with the band on occasion before and after the tours. After the death of Jerry Garcia in 1995, former members of the band, along with musicians, toured as the Other Ones in 1998,2000, and 2002, and the Dead in 2003,2004. In 2015, the four surviving core members marked the bands 50th anniversary in a series of concerts that were billed as their last performances together. There have also been several spin-offs featuring one or more members, such as Dead & Company, Furthur, the Rhythm Devils, Phil Lesh & Friends, RatDog. The Grateful Dead began their career as the Warlocks, a group formed in early 1965 from the remnants of a Palo Alto, the bands first show was at Magoos Pizza located at 639 Santa Cruz Avenue in suburban Menlo Park, California, on May 5,1965. They were initially known as the Warlocks, coincidentally, the Velvet Underground was also using that name on the East Coast, the show was not recorded but the set list has been preserved. Gigging as a bar band, the group changed its name after finding out that another band of the same name had signed a recording contract. The first show under the new name Grateful Dead was in San Jose, California on December 4,1965, at one of Ken Keseys Acid Tests. Earlier demo tapes have survived, but the first of over 2,000 concerts known to have recorded by the bands fans was a show at the Fillmore Auditorium in San Francisco on January 8,1966. Later that month, the Grateful Dead played at the Trips Festival, the name Grateful Dead was chosen from a dictionary. According to Phil Lesh, in his autobiography, picked up an old Britannica World Language Dictionary. In that silvery elf-voice he said to me, Hey, man, the definition there was the soul of a dead person, or his angel, showing gratitude to someone who, as an act of charity, arranged their burial
25.
The Doors
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The Doors were an American rock band formed in 1965 in Los Angeles, with vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, guitarist Robby Krieger, and drummer John Densmore. They were unique and among the most controversial and influential acts of the 1960s, mostly because of Morrisons lyrics and charismatic. After Morrisons death in 1971 at age 27, the members continued as a trio until disbanding in 1973. Signing with Elektra Records in 1966, The Doors released eight albums between 1967 and 1971, All but one hit the Top 10 on the Billboard 200 and went platinum or better. By the end of 1971, it was reported that The Doors had sold 4,190,457 albums domestically and 7,750,642 singles. The band had three million-selling singles in the U. S. with Light My Fire, Hello, I Love You, after Morrisons death in 1971, the surviving trio released two albums Other Voices and Full Circle with Manzarek and Krieger sharing lead vocals. The three members also collaborated on the spoken word recording of Morrisons An American Prayer in 1978, Manzarek, Krieger and Densmore reunited in 2000 for an episode of VH1s Storytellers and subsequently recorded Stoned Immaculate, The Music of The Doors with a variety of vocalists. Although the Doors active career ended in 1973, their popularity has persisted, According to the RIAA, they have sold 33 million certified units in the US and over 100 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling bands of all time. The Doors have been listed as one of the greatest artists of all time by many magazines, including Rolling Stone, the Doors were the first American band to accumulate eight consecutive gold and platinum LPs. In 2002, Manzarek and Krieger started playing again, branding themselves as the Doors of the 21st Century. Densmore opted to sit out and, along with the Morrison estate, sued the duo over proper use of the bands name and won. After a short time as Riders On the Storm, they settled on the name Manzarek-Krieger and continued to tour until Manzareks death in 2013 at the age of 74. Three of the studio albums, the self-titled debut, L. A. Woman, and Strange Days, were featured in Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, at positions 42,362. According to The Washington Posts Martin Weil, the rose to the center of the counterculture of the 1960s. The Doors were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993, Morrison told Manzarek he had been writing songs and with Manzareks encouragement sang Moonlight Drive. The members came from a musical background of jazz, rock, blues. In August, Densmore joined the group, which had renamed the Doors. This has circulated widely since then as a bootleg recording, in mid-1965, after Manzareks two brothers left, the group recruited guitarist Robby Krieger and the best-known lineup – Morrison, Manzarek, Krieger and Densmore – was complete
26.
Live at the Matrix 1967
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Live at the Matrix 1967 is a double live album by The Doors, compiled and resequenced from recordings made on March 7 and 10,1967 at The Matrix in San Francisco by club co-owner Peter Abram. This is part of previously unreleased material of the Bright Midnight Archives collection of albums by The Doors. On November 22,2008, recording engineer Peter Abram revealed in an online posting the equipment he used to record The Doors at The Matrix, I used an Akai tape recorder,4 Calrad mics on the stage and a Calrad mic mixer on the instrumental channel. On the vocal channel, a Knight mixer with 3 Electrovoice 676, the Calrad mics that I used on the instrumental track were model DM-21 said Abram. The original master 1/4 track stereo tapes were recorded at 7.5 ips on Abrams Akai reel-to-reel vacuum tube tape recorder, on December 2,2008, Peter Abram allowed photos to be taken of his master tape boxes. These photos were published online at the Steve Hoffman Forums on December 4,2008, Abrams notations on the master tape boxes indicate that a jam was performed between Soul Kitchen and Get Out of My Life Woman during the March 7,1967 show. All songs written by Jim Morrison, Robby Krieger, Ray Manzarek and John Densmore, except where noted
27.
Ray Manzarek
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Manzarek was notable for performing on a keyboard bass during many live shows and some recordings, taking on a role usually filled by a bass guitar player. He recorded on track of all eight Doors studio albums. He was a member of Nite City from 1977 to 1978. Raymond Daniel Manczarek, Jr. was born and raised on the South Side of Chicago and he was born to Polish immigrants Helena and Raymond Manczarek, Sr. Growing up, he took piano lessons from Bruno Michelotti. He originally wanted to play basketball, but he wanted to only power forward or center. When he was sixteen his coach insisted either he play guard or not at all, Manzarek said later if it was not for that ultimatum, he might never have been with The Doors. He went to Everett Elementary School on South Bell Street and attended St. Rita of Cascia High School and he graduated from the Universitys College of Commerce with a degree in economics in 1960. In the fall of 1961, Manzarek briefly enrolled at the University of California, while in the Army, Manzarek played in various musical ensembles and first smoked and grew cannabis. However, because he wanted to eventually visit Poland, he refused to sign the security clearance and was discharged as a private first class after several months of undesignated duty. In 1962, he re-enrolled in UCLAs graduate film program, where he received a M. F. A. in cinematography in 1965, during this period, he met future wife Dorothy Fujikawa and undergraduate film student Jim Morrison. At the time, Manzarek was in a band called Rick & the Ravens with his brothers Rick, forty days after finishing film school, thinking they had gone their separate ways, Manzarek and Morrison met by chance on Venice Beach in California. Morrison said he had some songs, and Manzarek expressed an interest in hearing them, whereupon Morrison sang rough versions of Moonlight Drive, My Eyes Have Seen You. Manzarek liked the songs and co-founded the Doors with Morrison at that moment, Manzarek met guitarist Robby Krieger and drummer John Densmore at a Transcendental Meditation lecture. Densmore said, There wouldnt be any Doors without Maharishi, in January 1966, the Doors became the house band at the London Fog on the Sunset Strip. According to Manzarek, Nobody ever came in the place. an occasional sailor or two on leave, a few drunks, all in all it was a very depressing experience, but it gave us time to really get the music together. The same day the Doors were fired from the London Fog, the Doors first recording contract was with Columbia Records. After a few months of inactivity, they learned they were on Columbias drop list, at that point, they asked to be released from their contract
28.
John Sebastian
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Sebastian was born in New York City and grew up in Italy and Greenwich Village. His father, John Sebastian, was a classical harmonica player and his mother. His godmother was Vivian Vance, who was a friend of his mother. His godfather and first babysitter was childrens book illustrator Garth Williams, Sebastian grew up surrounded by music and musicians, including Burl Ives and Woody Guthrie, and hearing such players as Lead Belly and Mississippi John Hurt in his own neighborhood. He graduated from Blair Academy, a boarding school in Blairstown, New Jersey. He next attended New York University for just over a year, in the early 1960s, Sebastian developed an interest in blues music and in playing harmonica in a blues style, rather than the classical style used by his father. Through his fathers connections, he met and was influenced by blues musicians Sonny Terry, Sebastian became part of the folk and blues scene that was developing in Greenwich Village and later gave rise to folk rock. In addition to harmonica, Sebastian played guitar and occasionally autoharp, one of Sebastians first recording gigs was playing guitar and harmonica for Billy Faiers 1964 album The Beast of Billy Faier. He also played on Fred Neils album Bleecker & MacDougal and Tom Rushs self-titled album in 1965 and he played in the Even Dozen Jug Band and in The Mugwumps, which split to form the Lovin Spoonful and the Mamas & the Papas. Sebastian was joined by Zal Yanovsky, Steve Boone, and Joe Butler in the Spoonful, which was named after The Coffee Blues, a Mississippi John Hurt song. You Didnt Have to Be So Nice, Darling Be Home Soon, Jug Band Music, Rain on the Roof, Nashville Cats, the band, however, began to implode after a 1967 marijuana bust in San Francisco involving Yanovsky, a Canadian citizen. Facing deportation, he revealed the name of his dealer to police, neither Sebastian nor Butler was involved in the matter, both being away from San Francisco at the time. Yanovsky subsequently left the band and was replaced by Jerry Yester, after which the musical style veered away from its previous eclectic blend. One of Sebastians first projects after leaving the Spoonful was composing the music and lyrics for a play with music, Jimmy Shine, written by Murray Schisgal. It opened on Broadway in December 1968, with Dustin Hoffman in the title role, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, Sebastian himself wrote a stage musical adaptation of E. B. Whites Charlottes Web in consultation with his godfather Garth Williams, who illustrated Whites original book, the proposed musical included 20 songs, some of which Sebastian performed in concert, but the musical was never produced. In August 1969, Sebastian made a memorable, albeit unscheduled appearance at Woodstock, Sebastians Woodstock set consisted of three songs from his recorded but not yet released John B. Sebastian album and two Lovin Spoonful songs, documentary remarks by festival organizers indicated that Sebastian was under the influence of marijuana or other psychedelic drugs at the time, hence his spontaneity and casual, unplanned set
29.
The Lovin' Spoonful
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The band had its roots in the folk music scene based in the Greenwich Village section of lower Manhattan during the early 1960s. Sebastian formed the Spoonful with guitarist Zal Yanovsky from a folk group called The Mugwumps, playing local coffee houses. The formation of the Lovin Spoonful during this period was described in the lyrics of the Mamas & the Papas 1967 top ten hit. Drummer Jan Carl and bassist Steve Boone rounded out the group, Butler had previously played with Boone in a group called The Kingsmen. The group made its first recordings for Elektra Records in early 1965, the four tracks recorded for Elektra were released on the 1966 various artists compilation LP Whats Shakin after the bands success on Kama Sutra. The band worked with producer Erik Jacobsen to release their first single on July 20,1965, Do You Believe in Magic, additionally, they wrote their own material, including Younger Girl, which was a hit for The Critters in mid-1966. Do You Believe in Magic reached #9 on the Hot 100, the Lovin Spoonful became known for such folk-flavored pop hits as You Didnt Have to Be So Nice, which reached #10, and Daydream, which went to #2. Other hits included Did You Ever Have to Make Up Your Mind. and their song to reach #1 on the Hot 100. Later that year, the #10 hit Rain on the Roof, the only other 1960s act to achieve that feat is Gary Lewis & the Playboys. The Lovin Spoonful was one of the most successful groups to have jug band and folk roots. Their popularity revived interest in the form, and many subsequent jug bands cite them as an inspiration. The rest of their albums featured mostly original songs, but their jug band roots showed up again and again, particularly in Daydream, Lovin Spoonful members termed their approach good-time music. In the liner notes of Do You Believe in Magic, Zal Yanovsky said that he became a convert to Reddy Kilowatt because its loud, and people dance to it, and its loud. Soon-to-be members of the rock band the Grateful Dead were part of the West Coast acoustic folk music scene when the Lovin Spoonful came to town on tour. They credited the Lovin Spoonful concert as an experience, after which they decided to leave the folk scene. The band also gained a bit of publicity when Butler replaced Jim Rado in the role of Claude for a sold-out four-month run with the Broadway production of the rock musical Hair. Both films were released in 1966, in addition, the Michelangelo Antonioni film Blow-up, also released that year, contained an instrumental version of the Spoonful song, Butchies Tune, performed by jazz musician Herbie Hancock. In early 1967, the band broke with their producer Erik Jacobsen, turning to Joe Wissert to produce the single Six OClock and he was a Canadian citizen and feared that he would be barred from re-entering the U. S. so he complied
30.
Live in Detroit (The Doors album)
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Live in Detroit is a double live album by American rock band The Doors. The tracks were recorded on May 8,1970 at Cobo Arena in Detroit and it is one of the first releases from the Bright Midnight Archives. The album is out over two CDs. It is widely regarded as one of the best and longest performances the Doors ever gave and this is part of previously unreleased material of the Bright Midnight Archives collection of live albums by The Doors
31.
Led Zeppelin
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Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968. The group consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page, singer Robert Plant, bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones, after changing their name from the New Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin signed a deal with Atlantic Records that afforded them considerable artistic freedom. Their fourth album, which features the track Stairway to Heaven, is among the most popular and influential works in rock music, Page wrote most of Led Zeppelins music, particularly early in their career, while Plant generally supplied the lyrics. Jones keyboard-based compositions later became central to the catalogue, which featured increasing experimentation. The latter half of their career saw a series of record-breaking tours that earned the group a reputation for excess, in the decades that followed, the surviving members sporadically collaborated and participated in one-off Led Zeppelin reunions. The most successful of these was the 2007 Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert in London, Led Zeppelin are widely considered one of the most successful, innovative, and influential rock groups in history. They are one of the music artists in the history of audio recording. With RIAA-certified sales of 111.5 million units, they are the band in the US. Each of their nine studio albums placed in the top 10 of the Billboard album chart and they achieved eight consecutive UK number-one albums. Rolling Stone magazine described them as the heaviest band of all time, the biggest band of the Seventies, and unquestionably one of the most enduring bands in rock history. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, in 1966, London-based session guitarist Jimmy Page joined the blues-influenced rock band the Yardbirds to replace bassist Paul Samwell-Smith. Page soon switched from bass to guitar, creating a dual lead guitar line-up with Jeff Beck. Following Becks departure in October 1966, the Yardbirds, tired from constant touring and recording, Page wanted to form a supergroup with him and Beck on guitars, and the Whos Keith Moon and John Entwistle on drums and bass, respectively. Vocalists Steve Winwood and Steve Marriott were also considered for the project, the group never formed, although Page, Beck, and Moon did record a song together in 1966, Becks Bolero, in a session that also included bassist-keyboardist John Paul Jones. The Yardbirds played their final gig in July 1968 at Luton College of Technology in Bedfordshire, Page and Dreja began putting a new line-up together. Pages first choice for the singer was Terry Reid, but Reid declined the offer and suggested Robert Plant. Plant eventually accepted the position, recommending former Band of Joy drummer John Bonham, Jones inquired about the vacant position at the suggestion of his wife after Dreja dropped out of the project to become a photographer. Page had known Jones since they were both musicians and agreed to let him join as the final member
32.
Whole Lotta Love
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Whole Lotta Love is a song by English hard rock band Led Zeppelin. The US release became their first hit single, being certified Gold on 13 April 1970 and it reached number one in Germany, and number four in the Netherlands. It was placed 11 on a similar list by Rolling Stone, in 2009 it was named the third greatest hard rock song of all time by VH1. Already part of their repertoire, Whole Lotta Love saw its first official release on the LP Led Zeppelin II on 22 October 1969. In 2014, listeners to BBC Radio 2 voted Whole Lotta Love as containing the greatest guitar riff of all time, the song is in compound AABA form. Page came up with the riff for Whole Lotta Love in the summer of 1968, on his houseboat along the Thames in Pangbourne. Playing the loose blues riff for the intro, on a Sunburst 1958 Les Paul Standard guitar which ascends into the first chorus. Then, beginning at 1,24 the song dissolves to a free jazz-like break involving a solo and a drum solo. Kramer is also quoted as saying, t one point there was bleed-through of a recorded vocal in the recording of Whole Lotta Love. It was the part where Robert screams Wo-man. Love Since we couldnt re-record at that point, I just threw some echo on it to see how it would sound, Led Zeppelins bass player John Paul Jones has stated that Pages famous riff probably emerged from a stage improvisation during the bands playing of Dazed and Confused. No, it was put together when we were rehearsing some music for the second album, I had a riff, everyone was at my house, and we kicked it from there. Never was it written during a gig--where did you hear that, interviewer, I read it in a book. I hope it was that Rough Guide, thats the latest one, the most inaccurate. In a separate interview, Page explained, I had worked out already before entering the studio, and then all of that other stuff, sonic wave sound and all that, I built it up in the studio, and put effects on it and things, treatments. For this track, Page employed the backwards echo production technique, upon release of the LP, radio stations looked for a track that would fit their on-air formats from the quickly successful LP with the pulsing lead track Whole Lotta Love being the prime contender. However, because radio stations saw the freeform middle section as unfit to air they simply created their own edited versions. Both versions were released as Atlantic #45-2690, the edited version was intended for radio station promotional release but some copies were apparently released commercially in the US and are a collectors item for fans
33.
John Belushi
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John Adam Belushi was an American comedian, actor and musician. During his career he had a personal and artistic partnership with fellow SNL actor. He was posthumously honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Belushis mother, Agnes Demetri, was the daughter of Albanian immigrants, and his father, Adam Anastos Belushi, was an Albanian immigrant from Qytezë. Belushi was raised in the Albanian Orthodox Church and attended Wheaton Community High School, in 1965 Belushi formed a music band, The Ravens, together with four fellow high school students. They recorded one single, Listen to Me Now/Jolly Green Giant, the record wasnt successful and the band broke up when Belushi moved to Chicago, where he enrolled at College of DuPage. Belushi started his own troupe in Chicago, The West Compass Trio, with Tino Insana. At Second City, he met and began working with Harold Ramis, in 1972 Belushi was offered a role, together with Chevy Chase and Christopher Guest, in National Lampoon Lemmings, a parody of Woodstock, which played Off-Broadway in 1972. During a trip to Toronto to check the local Second City cast in 1974, Jacklin became an associate producer for the show, and she and Belushi were married on December 31,1976. In 1975 Chevy Chase and writer Michael ODonoghue recommended Belushi to Lorne Michaels as a member for a television show Michaels was about to produce called Saturday Night Live. Michaels was initially unsure as he wasnt sure if Belushis physical humour would fit with what he was envisioning, kirk on The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise and a contributor of furious opinion pieces on Weekend Update, during which he coined his catchphrase, But N-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O. With Aykroyd, Belushi created Jake and Elwood, the Blues Brothers, originally intended to warm up the crowd before the show, the Blues Brothers were eventually featured as music guestsBelushi also reprised his imitation of Joe Cocker from Lemmings. Cocker himself joined Belushi in 1976 and they sang together Feeling Alright, like many of his SNL fellow cast members, Belushi begun experimenting heavily with drugs to deal with the constant pressure. His unpredictable temper caused him to be fired by Michaels a number of times, in Rolling Stones February,2015 appraisal of all 141 SNL cast members to that time, Belushi received the top ranking. Belushi was the live in Saturday Night Live, they wrote, nobody embodied the highs and lows of SNL like Belushi. In 1978, he made the films Old Boyfriends, Goin South, upon its initial release, Animal House received generally mixed reviews from critics, but Time and Roger Ebert proclaimed it one of the years best. Animal House was also responsible for defining and launching the gross-out genre of films. Following the success of The Blues Brothers on SNL, Belushi and Aykroyd, with the help of pianist-arranger Paul Shaffer and these included SNL saxophonist Blue Lou Marini and trombonist-saxophonist Tom Malone, who had previously played in Blood, Sweat & Tears. In 1978 The Blues Brothers released their album, Briefcase Full of Blues
34.
Saturday Night Live
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Saturday Night Live is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11,1975, under the original title NBCs Saturday Night, the shows comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest and features performances by a musical guest, an episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, Live from New York, its Saturday Night. In 1980, Michaels left the series to other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews, Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned, Michaels has remained since then. Many of SNLs cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film. The show format has developed and recreated in several countries. Successful sketches have seen life outside of the show as feature films, throughout four decades on air, Saturday Night Live has received a number of awards, including 50 Primetime Emmy Awards, two Peabody Awards, and three Writers Guild of America Awards. In 2000, it was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame and it was ranked tenth in TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time list, and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time magazines 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME. As of 2012, it has received 156 Emmy nominations, the most received by any TV show, the live aspect of the show has resulted in several controversies and acts of censorship, with mistakes and intentional acts of sabotage by performers as well as guests. From 1965 until September 1975, NBC ran The Best of Carson reruns of The Tonight Show, in 1974, Johnny Carson announced that he wanted the weekend shows pulled and saved so that they could be aired during weeknights, allowing him to take time off. In 1974, NBC president Herbert Schlosser approached his vice president of late night programming, Dick Ebersol, at the suggestion of Paramount Pictures executive Barry Diller, Schlosser and Ebersol then approached Lorne Michaels. Over the next three weeks, Ebersol and Michaels developed the idea for a variety show featuring high-concept comedy sketches, political satire. By 1975 Michaels had assembled a talented cast, including Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael ODonoghue, Gilda Radner, and George Coe. The show was originally called NBCs Saturday Night, because Saturday Night Live was in use by Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell on the rival network ABC, NBC purchased the rights to the name in 1976 and officially adopted the new title on March 26,1977. In 1975 and 1976, they were the most desirable demographic for television advertisers, NBC executives agreed with Michaels and decided to keep the show on the air despite many angry letters and phone calls that the network received from viewers who were offended by certain sketches. Chevy Chase left the show in November of the season and was replaced a few months later by the then-unknown comic actor Bill Murray. Aykroyd and Belushi left the show in 1979 after the end of season four, in May 1980, Michaels—emotionally and physically exhausted—requested to put the show on hiatus for a year to give him time and energy to pursue other projects
35.
Frank Marino
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Francesco Antonio Frank Marino is an Italian Canadian guitarist, leader of Canadian hard rock band Mahogany Rush. Often compared to Jimi Hendrix, he is acknowledged as one of the best and most underrated guitarists of the 1970s, after playing drums since he was five, around age 13–14 Marino started playing guitar. An often-repeated myth is he was visited by an apparition of Jimi Hendrix after a bad LSD trip, a myth Marino has always disavowed and his playing, however, is inspired by Hendrix, and Marino is notable for strong cover versions of Hendrix classics such as Purple Haze. He has been criticized by some as a Hendrix clone, Marino himself claims that he didnt consciously set out to imitate Hendrixs style at all, The whole style just came naturally. I didnt choose it, it chose me, Mahogany Rush was moderately popular in the 1970s. Their records charted in Billboard, and they toured extensively, playing such venues as California Jam II, toward the end of the 1970s, the band began to be billed as Frank Marino and Mahogany Rush. Not much later, Mahogany Rush split up and in the early 1980s Marino released two albums on CBS. The band reformed and continued to perform throughout the 1980s and 1990s, in 1993, Marino retired from the music industry. Marino returned in 2001, I always knew we had fans, I just didnt know Id find half a million of them on the Web and he released Eye of the Storm, and went on tour again, playing more improvisational shows. Frank is still active, recording and touring under his own name and he has also been involved in blues recordings with other artists as well, playing on tribute albums to Albert King and Stevie Ray Vaughan. Marino is uncle to Danny Marino, lead guitarist of Canadian metal band The Agonist, besides Jimi Hendrix, Marino acknowledged the influence of John Cipollina, Robby Krieger, Duane Allman, Johnny Winter, and Carlos Santana. He plays blues, heavy metal, and improvisational styles, one of his notable tricks is playing a lick as if it were played backwards, with the help of only a volume pedal and a delay. His style has influenced many players, including Zakk Wylde, Joe Bonamassa, Eric Gales. His tone is recognized by for instance Guitar Player, which called him a guitar god, alongside Jeff Beck, Eddie Van Halen. Marino is a devoted Gibson SG player and uses them with the original PAF pickups and he also has an SG with single-coil DiMarzio pickups. He is noted for complicated set-ups, according to Guitar Player, assigned to hold the expression pedals that control the parameters of the effects on another pedalboard. In the past, he has built his own amplifiers to achieve the right sound and he currently uses a pre-amplifier he built himself, reminiscent of a Fender, and any available power amp, through a 2x15 Fane cabinet. The Power of Rock n Roll Juggernaut U. S. #185 Full Circle From the Hip April Wine - The Whole Worlds Goin Crazy Nanette Workman California Jam II Billy Workman, – Jonas Just Gettin Started – track 4
36.
Muddy Waters
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McKinley Morganfield, better known as Muddy Waters, was an American blues musician who is often cited as the father of modern Chicago blues. Muddy Waters grew up on Stovall Plantation near Clarksdale, Mississippi, and by age 17 was playing the guitar and he was recorded in Mississippi by Alan Lomax for the Library of Congress in 1941. In 1943, he moved to Chicago to become a full-time, in 1946, he recorded his first records for Columbia Records and then for Aristocrat Records, a newly formed label run by the brothers Leonard and Phil Chess. These songs included Hoochie Coochie Man, I Just Want to Make Love to You, in 1958, he traveled to England, laying the foundations of the subsequent blues boom there. His performance at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1960 was recorded and released as his first live album, Muddy Waters influence was tremendous, not just on blues and rhythm and blues but on rock and roll, hard rock, folk music, jazz, and country music. His use of amplification is often cited as the link between Delta blues and rock and roll, Muddy Waters birthplace and date is not conclusively known. He stated that he was born in Rolling Fork, Mississippi in 1915, a 1955 interview in the Chicago Defender is the earliest he claimed 1915 as his year of birth, which he continued to use in interviews from that point onward. The 1920 census lists him as five years old as of March 6,1920, the Social Security Death Index, relying on the Social Security card application submitted after his move to Chicago in the mid-1940s, lists him as being born April 4,1913. His gravestone gives his year as 1915. Muddy Waters grandmother, Della Grant, raised him after his mother died shortly after his birth, Grant gave him the nickname Muddy at an early age because he loved to play in the muddy water of nearby Deer Creek. Waters was added later, as he began to play harmonica. The remains of the cabin on Stovall Plantation where Waters lived in his youth are now at the Delta Blues Museum in Clarksdale and he had his first introduction to music in church, I used to belong to church. I was a good Baptist, singing in the church, so I got all of my good moaning and trembling going on for me right out of church, he recalled. By the time, he was 17, he had purchased his first guitar, I sold the last horse that we had. Made about fifteen dollars for him, gave my grandmother seven dollars and fifty cents, I kept seven-fifty, the people ordered them from Sears-Roebuck in Chicago. He started playing his songs in joints nearby his hometown, mostly in a owned by Colonel William Howard Stovall. In August 1941, Alan Lomax went to Stovall, Mississippi and he brought his stuff down and recorded me right in my house, Muddy recalled in Rolling Stone, and when he played back the first song I sounded just like anybodys records. Man, you dont know how I felt that Saturday afternoon when I heard that voice, later on he sent me two copies of the pressing and a check for twenty bucks, and I carried that record up to the corner and put it on the jukebox
37.
King Bee (album)
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King Bee is the fourteenth and final studio album by blues singer and guitarist Muddy Waters. Released in 1981, it is third in a series of records done for the label Blue Sky Records under producer/guitarist Johnny Winter, recorded in three days some of the band members, namely Winter and guitarist Bob Margolin, were not happy with the result. As his health deteriorated, Muddy was forced to cancel a number of shows. He died of an attack on April 30,1983. The album was recorded in May 1980, a salary dispute between the band and Muddy Waterss manager, Scott Cameron, halted the session. Eventually the album was completed by using a couple of outtakes from 1977s Hard Again, all songs written by McKinley Morganfield, except where indicated
