1.
Eendracht (1989 ship)
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The Eendracht is a three masted schooner from the Netherlands, built in 1989 at the Damen shipyard after a design by W. de Vries Lentsch. She is now run on a base by Stichting het Zeilend Zeeschip. This is the second Eendracht, Eendracht meaning unison in the Dutch language), the first vessel run by the same foundation was a two masted schooner, which was sold to German owners and now sails under the name of Johann Smidt. The foundation that runs the programme was founded in 1938 but with the world war disrupting the plans. Soon after the first vessel, originally a topsail schooner, was launched, immediately the planning for a larger three masted vessel began. This three-masted vessel has sailed continuously since her launch date, every year she spends the winter months in the south, and the summer in the North Sea region. She has a crew of around 350 mostly professional, volunteers, on 21 October 1998, Eendracht ran aground at Newhaven, East Sussex, United Kingdom. All 51 people on board were rescued by helicopter and she was later refloated and returned to service. List of tall ships List of large sailing yachts up to 1995 Official website
2.
International Maritime Organization
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The IMO was established in Geneva in 1948 and came into force ten years later, meeting for the first time in 1959. Headquartered in London, United Kingdom, the IMO has 172 Member States, IMO is governed by an assembly of members and is financially administered by a council of members elected from the assembly. The work of IMO is conducted through five committees and these are supported by technical subcommittees, other UN organisations may observe the proceedings of the IMO. Observer status is granted to qualified non-governmental organisations, IMO is supported by a permanent secretariat of employees who are representative of the organisations members. Hitherto such international conventions had been initiated piecemeal, notably the Safety of Life at Sea Convention, the first meetings of the newly formed IMCO were held in London in 1959. More recently SOLAS has been amended to bring a focus on maritime security through the International Ship. The IMO has also increased its focus on air emissions from ships, in January 1959, IMO began to maintain and promote the 1954 OILPOL Convention. Under the guidance of IMO, the convention was amended in 1962,1969, as oil trade and industry developed, many people in the industry began to recognize a need for further improvements in regards to oil pollution prevention at sea. Among other things, the accident forced the industry and public to question the efficacy of standing regulations. This incident prompted a series of new conventions, IMO held an emergency session of its Council to deal with the need to readdress regulations pertaining to maritime pollution. In 1969, the IMO Assembly decided to host a gathering in 1973 dedicated to this issue. The goal at hand was to develop an international agreement for controlling general environmental contamination by ships out at sea. During the next few years IMO brought to the forefront a series of measures designed to prevent large ship accidents and it also detailed how to deal with the environmental threat caused by routine ship duties such as the cleaning of oil cargo tanks or the disposal of engine room wastes. Interestingly enough in terms of tonnage the afore-mentioned was a problem than accidental pollution. The most significant thing to come out of conference was the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships,1973. It covers not only accidental and operational oil pollution but also different types of pollution by chemicals, goods in packaged form, sewage, garbage, the original MARPOL was signed on 17 February 1973, but did not come into force due to lack of ratifications. The current convention is a combination of 1973 Convention and the 1978 Protocol and it entered into force on 2 October 1983. As of May 2013,152 states, representing 99.2 per cent of the worlds shipping tonnage, are involved in the convention, in 1983 the IMO established the World Maritime University in Malmö, Sweden
3.
SOLAS Convention
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The current version of the SOLAS Convention is the 1974 version, known as SOLAS1974, which came into force on 25 May 1980. As of March 2016, SOLAS1974 has 162 contracting States, the SOLAS Convention in its successive forms is generally regarded as the most important of all international treaties concerning the safety of merchant ships. The first version of SOLAS was passed in 1914 in response to the sinking of the RMS Titanic and it prescribed numbers of lifeboats and other emergency equipment along with safety procedures, including continuous radio watches. The 1914 treaty never entered into due to the outbreak of the First World War. Further versions were adopted in 1929 and 1948, the 1960 Convention was adopted on 17 June 1960 and entered into force on 26 May 1965. It was the fourth SOLAS Convention and was the first major achievement for International Maritime Organization and it represented a considerable step forward in modernising regulations and keeping up with technical developments in the shipping industry. Under SOLAS1960, it could take years for amendments to be come into force since countries had to give notice of acceptance to IMO and there was a minimum threshold of countries. The 1974 SOLAS came into force on 25 May 1980,12 months after its ratification by at least 50 countries with at least 50% of gross tonnage. It has been updated and amended on numerous occasions since then, in 1975 the assembly of the IMO decided that the 1974 convention should in future use SI units only. An idea of the range of issues covered by the treaty can be gained from the list of sections, the up-to-date list of amendments to SOLAS is maintained by the IMO. Previous amendments were made in May 2011, in 2015, another later amendment is the SOLAS Container Weight Verification Regulation VI/2. This regulation, implemented by the IMO Maritime Safety Committee requires that the weight of loaded containers must be obtained prior to being onboarded on an ocean vessel. The regulation states that exporters are responsible to obtain a verified container weight. Originally scheduled for implementation on July 1,2016, the regulation allows for flexibility, as at March 2016, SOLAS1974 has 162 contracting states, which flag about 99% of merchant ships around the world in terms of gross tonnage. The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974, requires flag States to ensure that their ships comply with safety standards in construction, equipment. It includes articles setting out general obligations, etcetera, followed by a divided into twelve chapters. Of these, chapter five is the one that applies to all vessels on the sea, including private yachts. Many countries have turned these international requirements into national laws so that anybody on the sea who is in breach of SOLAS V requirements may find themselves subject to legal proceedings
4.
Gross tonnage
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Gross tonnage is a nonlinear measure of a ships overall internal volume. Gross tonnage is different from gross register tonnage, neither gross tonnage nor gross register tonnage should be confused with measures of mass or weight such as deadweight tonnage or displacement. These two measurements replaced gross register tonnage and net register tonnage, the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships,1969 was adopted by IMO in 1969. The Convention mandated a transition from the measurements of gross register tonnage and net register tonnage to gross tonnage. It was the first successful attempt to introduce a universal tonnage measurement system, various methods were previously used to calculate merchant ship tonnage, but they differed significantly and one single international system was needed. Previous methods traced back to George Moorsom of Great Britains Board of Trade who devised one such method in 1854, the tonnage determination rules apply to all ships built on or after July 18,1982. Ships built before that date were given 12 years to migrate from their existing gross register tonnage to use of GT, the phase-in period was provided to allow ships time to adjust economically, since tonnage is the basis for satisfying manning regulations and safety rules. Tonnage is also the basis for calculating registration fees and port dues, one of the Conventions goals was to ensure that the new calculated tonnages did not differ too greatly from the traditional gross and net register tonnages. Both GT and NT are obtained by measuring ships volume and then applying a mathematical formula, gross tonnage is based on the moulded volume of all enclosed spaces of the ship whereas net tonnage is based on the moulded volume of all cargo spaces of the ship. In addition, a net tonnage is constrained to be no less than 30% of her gross tonnage. The gross tonnage calculation is defined in Regulation 3 of Annex 1 of The International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships,1969. It is based on two variables, and ultimately an increasing function of ship volume, V, the ships total volume in cubic meters, and K. The value of the multiplier K varies in accordance with a total volume and is applied as a kind of amplification factor in determining the gross tonnage value. For smaller ships, K is smaller, for larger ships, note that the units of gross tonnage, which involve both meters and log-meters, have no physical significance, but were rather chosen for historical convenience. As an example, we can calculate the gross tonnage of a ship with 10,000 m3 total volume, newtons method may be used for obtaining an approximation to a ships volume given its gross tonnage. The exact formula is, V =50 × ln 10 × G T W where ln is the natural logarithm, Tonnage Compensated gross tonnage Ton List of worlds largest ships by gross tonnage International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships,1969. International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships,1969, turpin, Edward A. McEwen, William A
5.
Lightvessel
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A lightvessel, or lightship, is a ship which acts as a lighthouse. They are used in waters that are too deep or otherwise unsuitable for lighthouse construction, the type has become largely obsolete, some stations were replaced by lighthouses as the construction techniques for the latter advanced, while others were replaced by large, automated buoys. A crucial element of design is the mounting of a light on a sufficiently tall mast. Initially, this consisted of oil lamps which could be run up the mast, later vessels carried fixed lamps, which were serviced in place. Fresnel lenses were used as they became available, and many vessels housed these in small versions of the used on lighthouses. Some lightships had two masts, the holding a reserve beacon in case the main light failed. Initially, the hulls were constructed of wood, with lines like those of any other small merchant ship and this proved to be unsatisfactory for a ship that was permanently anchored, and the shape of the hull evolved to reduce rolling and pounding. As iron and steel were used in ships, so were they used in lightvessels. Earlier vessels had to be towed to and from station, much of the rest of the ship was taken up by storage and crew accommodations. The primary duty of the crew was, of course, to maintain the light, but they also record of passing ships, observed the weather. Tests conducted by Trinity House found that sound from a bell submerged some 18 feet could be heard at a distance of 15 miles, holding the vessel in position was an important aspect of lightvessel engineering. Early lightships used fluke anchors, which are still in use on many contemporary vessels and these were not very satisfactory, since a lightship has to remain stationary in very rough seas which other vessels can avoid, and these anchors are prone to dragging. Since the early 19th century, lightships have used mushroom anchors, named for their shape and they were invented by Robert Stevenson. The first lightvessel equipped with one was an 82-ton converted fishing boat, renamed Pharos, which entered service on 15 September 1807 near to Bell Rock, the effectiveness of these anchors improved dramatically in the 1820s, when cast iron anchor chains were introduced. The designs varied, filled circles or globes, and pairs of inverted cones being the most common among them, a few ships had differently coloured hulls. For example, the Huron Lightship was painted black since she was assigned the black side of the entrance to the Lake Huron Cut. The lightvessel that operated at Minots Ledge, Cohasset, Mass. from 1854 until 1860 had a light yellow hull to make it visible against the blue-green seas, the earliest British lightship was placed in 1734, in The Nore near the mouth of the River Thames. Further vessels were placed off Norfolk in 1736, at Owers Bank in Sussex in 1788, in England and Wales, Trinity House is in charge of all lightvessels
6.
Search and rescue
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Search and rescue is the search for and provision of aid to people who are in distress or imminent danger. The general field of search and rescue includes many specialty sub-fields, International Search and Rescue Advisory Group is a UN organization that promotes the exchange of information between national urban search and rescue organizations. The duty to render assistance is covered by Article 98 of the UNCLOS, there are many different definitions of search and rescue, depending on the agency involved. Canadian Forces, Search and Rescue comprises the search for, and provision of aid to, persons, ships or other craft which are, or are feared to be, in distress or imminent danger. United States Coast Guard, The use of resources to assist persons or property in potential or actual distress. One of the worlds earliest well-documented SAR efforts ensued following the 1656 wreck of the Dutch merchant ship Vergulde Draeck off the west coast of Australia, survivors sought help, and in response three separate SAR missions were conducted, without success. All 5 crew members of an oil barge, which had run aground on Penfield Reef, were saved before the barge sank, in 1983, Korean Air Lines Flight 007 with 269 occupants was shot down by a Soviet aircraft near Sakhalin. The Soviets sent SAR helicopters and boats to Soviet waters, while a search, South Korean, and Japanese ships and aircraft in international waters, but no survivors were found. In July 2009, Air France Flight 447 was lost in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, an international SAR effort was launched, to no avail. A third effort nearly two years later discovered the site and recovered the black boxes. In early 2014, Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 crashed under mysterious circumstances, many nations contributed to the initial SAR effort, which was fruitless. 3mn to date on fuel and food in its own effort. The search for Flight 370 has become the largest SAR so far with the largest budget, mountain rescue relates to search and rescue operations specifically in rugged and mountainous terrain. Ground search and rescue is the search for persons who are lost or in distress on land or inland waterways, some ground search teams also employ search and rescue dogs. Urban search and rescue, also referred to as Heavy Urban Search and Rescue, is the location and rescue of persons from collapsed buildings or other urban and industrial entrapments. Due to the nature of the work, most teams are multi-disciplinary and include personnel from police, fire. While earthquakes have traditionally been the cause of US&R operations, terrorist attacks, combat search and rescue is search and rescue operations that are carried out during war that are within or near combat zones. Air-sea rescue refers to the use of aircraft and surface vessels, to search for. This treaty contains the definition of high seas, at Article 1, International Search and Rescue Advisory Group is a UN organization that promotes the exchange of information between national urban search and rescue organizations
7.
Hopper barge
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Hopper barges are seen in two distinctive types, raked hopper or box hopper barges. The raked hopper barges move faster than the box hoppers, they are designed for movement of dry bulky commodities. There are several hoppers or compartments between the fore and aft bulkhead of the barge, on the bottom of the barge hull, there is also a large hopper door, opening downwards. The doors are closed while the vessel is moving, so she can carry the materials that are to be dumped, the door open when the ship has arrived at the spot where the materials are to be dumped. Split barges serve the purpose, but instead of a door in the hulls bottom. The vessel consists of two parts, both are mostly symmetrical in design. Both parts of the vessel are hinged at the deck and operated by hydraulic cylinders, when the vessel splits the load is dumped rapidly, which means the barge has to be very stable in order not to capsize or otherwise get damaged
8.
Hydrofoil
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A hydrofoil is a lifting surface, or foil, that operates in water. They are similar in appearance and purpose to aerofoils used by aeroplanes, boats that use hydrofoil technology are also simply termed hydrofoils. As a hydrofoil craft gains speed, the lift the boats hull out of the water, decreasing drag. The hydrofoil usually consists of a wing like structure mounted on struts below the hull, as a hydrofoil equipped watercraft increases in speed, the hydrofoil elements below the hull develop enough lift to raise the hull out of the water, which greatly reduces hull drag. This provides an increase in speed and fuel efficiency. Wider adoption of hydrofoils is prevented by the complexity of building and maintaining them. Hydrofoils are generally more expensive than conventional watercraft. However, the design is simple enough that there are many human-powered hydrofoil designs, amateur experimentation and development of the concept is popular. Since air and water are governed by similar fluid equations—albeit with different levels of viscosity, density, the foil shape moves smoothly through the water, deflecting the flow downward, which, following the Euler equations, exerts an upward force on the foil. This turning of the water creates higher pressure on the bottom of the foil and this pressure difference is accompanied by a velocity difference, via Bernoullis principle, so the resulting flowfield about the foil has a higher average velocity on one side than the other. When used as an element on a hydrofoil boat, this upward force lifts the body of the vessel, decreasing drag. The lifting force eventually balances with the weight of the craft, reaching a point where the no longer lifts out of the water. Hydrofoils of this type are known as surface-piercing since portions of the V-shape hydrofoils rise above the surface when foilborne. Some modern hydrofoils use fully submerged inverted T-shape foils, fully submerged hydrofoils are less subject to the effects of wave action, and, therefore, more stable at sea and more comfortable for crew and passengers. This type of configuration, however, is not self-stabilizing, the angle of attack on the hydrofoils must be adjusted continuously to changing conditions, a control process performed by sensors, a computer, and active surfaces. Italian inventor Enrico Forlanini began work on hydrofoils in 1898 and used a ladder foil system, Forlanini obtained patents in Britain and the United States for his ideas and designs. Between 1899 and 1901, British boat designer John Thornycroft worked on a series of models with a stepped hull, in 1909 his company built the full scale 22-foot long boat, Miranda III. Driven by a 60 hp engine, it rode on a bowfoil, the subsequent Miranda IV was credited with a speed of 35 kn
9.
Hovercraft
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A hovercraft, also known as an air-cushion vehicle or ACV, is a craft capable of travelling over land, water, mud, ice, and other surfaces. Hovercraft are hybrid vessels operated by a pilot as a rather than a captain as a marine vessel. Hovercraft use blowers to produce a volume of air below the hull that is slightly above atmospheric pressure. The pressure difference between the higher pressure air below the hull and lower pressure ambient air above it produces lift, for stability reasons, the air is typically blown through slots or holes around the outside of a disk- or oval-shaped platform, giving most hovercraft a characteristic rounded-rectangle shape. Typically this cushion is contained within a flexible skirt, which allows the vehicle to travel over small obstructions without damage, the first practical design for hovercraft was derived from a British invention in the 1950s to 1960s. They are now used throughout the world as specialised transports in disaster relief, coastguard, military, although now a generic term for the type of craft, the name Hovercraft itself was a trademark owned by Saunders-Roe, hence other manufacturers use of alternative names to describe the vehicles. There have been attempts to understand the principles of high air pressure below hulls. To a great extent, the majority of these can be termed ground effect or water effect vehicles rather than hovercraft, the principal difference is that a hovercraft can lift itself while still, whereas the majority of other designs require forward motion to create lift. These active-motion surface effect vehicles are known in specific cases as ekranoplan, the first mention in the historical record of the concepts behind surface-effect vehicles that used the term hovering was by Swedish scientist Emanuel Swedenborg in 1716. The shipbuilder Sir John Isaac Thornycroft patented a design for an air cushion ship / hovercraft in the 1870s. In 1915, the Austrian Dagobert Müller built the worlds first air cushion boat, only when in motion could the craft trap air under the front, increasing lift. The vessel also required a depth of water to operate and could not transition to land or other surfaces, designed as a fast torpedo boat, the Versuchsgleitboot had a top speed over 32 knots. It was thoroughly tested and even armed with torpedoes and machine guns for operation in the Adriatic. It never saw combat, however, and as the war progressed it was eventually scrapped due to the lack of interest and perceived need. The theoretical grounds for motion over an air layer were constructed by Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovskii in 1926 and 1927, in 1929, Andrew Kucher of Ford began experimenting with the Levapad concept, metal disks with pressurized air blown through a hole in the center. Levapads do not offer stability on their own, several must be used together to support a load above them. Lacking a skirt, the pads had to very close to the running surface. He initially imagined these being used in place of casters and wheels in factories and warehouses, in 1931, Finnish aero engineer Toivo J. Kaario began designing a developed version of a vessel using an air cushion and built a prototype Pintaliitäjä, in 1937
10.
Dry dock
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A dry dock is a narrow basin or vessel that can be flooded to allow a load to be floated in, then drained to allow that load to come to rest on a dry platform. Dry docks are used for the construction, maintenance, and repair of ships, boats, the use of dry docks in China goes at least as far back the 10th century A. D. The upper works included several decks with cabins and saloons. After many years, their hulls decayed and needed repairs, so in the Hsi-Ning reign period a palace official Huang Huai-Hsin suggested a plan. A large basin was excavated at the end of the Chin-ming Lake capable of containing the dragon ships. Then so that the quickly filled with water, after which the ships were towed in above the beams. The the water was pumped out by wheels so that the ships rested quite in the air, when the repairs were complete, the water was let in again, so that the ships were afloat once more. The first English and oldest surviving dry dock still in use was commissioned by Henry VII of England at HMNB Portsmouth in 1495 and this dry dock currently holds the worlds oldest commissioned warship, HMS Victory. Possibly the earliest description of a floating dock comes from a small Italian book printed in Venice in 1560, called Descrittione dellartifitiosa machina. In the booklet, an unknown author asks for the privilege of using a new method for the salvaging of a ship and then proceeds to describe. The included woodcut shows a ship flanked by two large floating trestles, forming a roof above the vessel, the ship is pulled in an upright position by a number of ropes attached to the superstructure. The Alfredo da Silva Dry Dock, of the Lisnave Dockyards in Almada, Portugal, was the largest in the world until 2000, harland and Wolff Heavy Industries in Belfast, Northern Ireland, is the site of a large dry dock 556 by 93 metres. The massive cranes are named after the Biblical figures Samson and Goliath, Goliath stands 96 m tall, while Samson is taller at 106 m. The Saint-Nazaires Chantiers de lAtlantique owns one of the biggest in the world,1,200 by 60 metres, the largest graving dock of the Mediterranean as of 2009 is at the Hellenic Shipyards S. A. The largest roofed dry dock is at the German Meyer Werft Shipyard in Papenburg, Germany, it is 504 m long,125 m wide, Dry Dock 12 at Newport News Shipbuilding is 662 by 76 metres the largest dry dock in the USA. The largest floating-dock in North America named The Vigorous and it is operated Vigor Industries in Portland, OR, in the Swan Island industrial area along the Willamette River. The keel blocks as well as the block are placed on the floor of the dock in accordance with the docking plan of the ship. Routine use of dry docks is for the graving i. e. the cleaning, removal of barnacles and rust, some fine-tuning of the ships position can be done by divers while there is still some water left to manoeuvre it about
11.
Star-class ferry
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The Star class is a class of five Ro-pax ferries built by Fincantieri, Italy at their Castellammare di Stabia and Ancona shipyards for Finnlines. They are used on Finnlines routes connecting Finland to Germany and Sweden to Germany, most ships of this class were delivered behind original planned schedule. M/S Finnstar was the first Star-class ship to be completed, the ship was built at Fincantieris Castellammare di Stabia yard. She was delivered to Finnlines in July 2006 and the class takes its name from this ship and she is used on the Helsinki–Travemünde route. During construction a fire broke out on board the ship in November 2005. The Finnstar was registered in Helsinki, Finland but as of November 2014 Finnstar was re-registered to Mariehamn, M/S Finnmaid was built at Fincantieris Ancona shipyard, and is used on the Helsinki–Travemünde route. She was delivered in August 2006, immediately after the first Travemünde–Helsinki trip the ship was forced to drydock in Bremerhaven due to problems with her bow thrusters. On 4 January 2007, a fire broke out on board while the ship was docked in Helsinki, that seems to have originated. The Finnmaid is registered in Helsinki, Finland and she was built at Fincantieris Ancona shipyard and delivered in February 2007. She is used on the Helsinki–Travemünde route, the Finnlady is registered in Helsinki, Finland. M/S Europalink was originally planned to be called M/S Finnlady, the Europalink is registered in Malmö, Sweden. The construction of M/S Nordlink was begun at the Castellammare di Stabia shipyard, the ships original planned delivery date was in March 2007 but after numerous delays she was finally delivered in July 2007. The Nordlink is registered in Malmö, Sweden, following delivery the ship was placed on Malmö–Travemünde traffic, replacing the old M/S Malmö Link. Since June 2009 she has been sailing between Helsinki and Travemünde via Gdynia
12.
International Ship and Port Facility Security Code
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The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code is an amendment to the Safety of Life at Sea Convention on minimum security arrangements for ships, ports and government agencies. Development and implementation were sped up drastically in reaction to the September 11,2001 attacks, the U. S. Coast Guard, as the lead agency in the United States delegation to the IMO, advocated for the measure. The Code was agreed at a meeting of the 108 signatories to the SOLAS convention in London in December 2002, the measures agreed under the Code were brought into force on July 1,2004. The ISPS Code is implemented through chapter XI-2 Special measures to enhance security in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. The Code is a document describing minimum requirements for security of ships. Part B provides guidance for implementation, some contracting governments have elected to also treat Part B as mandatory. The ISPS Code applies to ships on international voyages and the facilities serving such ships. The Code does not apply to warships, naval auxiliaries or other ships owned or operated by a contracting government and used only on government non-commercial service. Europe has enacted the International regulations with EC Regulation No 725/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004, on enhancing ship, the UK has enacted The Ship and Port Facility Regulations 2004, these bring the EU regulation 725/2004 into UK law. These regulations are found in Title 33 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 104 contains vessel security regulations, including some provisions that apply to foreign ships in U. S. waters. Supply Chain Security Port security IMO - FAQ on ISPS Code and maritime security
13.
Lloyd's Register
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The organisation dates back to 1760. Its stated aims are to enhance the safety of life, property, historically, as Lloyds Register of Shipping, it was a specifically maritime organisation. During the late 20th century, it diversified into other industries including oil and gas, process industries, nuclear, Lloyds Register is unaffiliated with Lloyds of London. The organisations name came from the 17th-century coffee house in London frequented by merchants, marine underwriters, the coffee house owner, Edward Lloyd, helped them to exchange information by circulating a printed sheet of all the news he heard. In 1760, the Register Society was formed by the customers of the house who assembled the Register of Shipping. Between 1800 and 1833, a dispute between shipowners and underwriters caused them to publish a list each—the Red Book and the Green Book and this brought both parties to the verge of bankruptcy. Agreement was reached in 1834 when they united to form Lloyd’s Register of British and Foreign Shipping, establishing a General Committee, in 1914, with an increasingly international outlook, the organisation changed its name to Lloyds Register of Shipping. Thus the best classification A1, from which the expression A1 or A1 at Lloyds is derived, the Register, with information on all seagoing, self-propelled merchant ships of 100 gross tonnes or greater, is published annually. A vessel remains registered with Lloyds Register until she is sunk, wrecked, hulked, Lloyds Register sold its share of the venture to IHS in 2009. Lloyds Register provides quality assurance and certification for ships, offshore structures, LRs Rules for Ships are derived from principles of naval architecture and marine engineering, and govern safety and operational standards for numerous merchant, military, and privately owned vessels. A ship is known as being in class if she meets all the requirements of LRs Rules. Class can be withdrawn from a ship if she is in violation of any regulations, however, exceptional circumstances may warrant special dispensation from Lloyds Register. Any alteration to the vessel, whether it is an alteration or machinery. Ships are inspected on a basis by a team of Lloyds Register surveyors. Such a survey includes an inspection of the hull to make sure that the line has not been altered. Numerous other inspections such as the condition of hatch and door seals, safety barriers, upon completion the ship is allowed to be operated for another year, and is issued a Load Line Certificate. Lloyd’s Register provide a list of rules and regulations to the public, Lloyds Register also maintains other offices globally, including Hong Kong and Houston, Texas. In 1833 the Österreichischer Lloyd company was formed in the port city of Trieste, consciously modeling itself on the British company
14.
IHS Markit
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IHS Markit Ltd. is a company based in London, United Kingdom. The previously announced deal to merge IHS and Markit closed on July 13,2016, in 1959, the Rogers Publishing Company, a publisher of technical news magazines, began indexing product catalogs on microfilm. Microfilming allowed catalogs to be updated without the expense of traditional publishing, in 1961, when Rogers was bought by Cahners Publishing, the catalogs division became Information Handling Services. IHS initially served the aerospace industry, early clients included Martin Marietta and Convair. The United States Army Missile Command contracted with IHS to develop a common parts file to be used by contractors designing new products, in the 1980s, with the advent of the personal computer, IHS added electronic databases and full text CD-ROMs to its delivery methods. In the 1990s, IHS embraced the Internet by distributing its products through online databases. IHS also expanded beyond the aerospace and defense industries to focus on the industry, while continuing to serve the automotive, construction. In 2005, IHS became a traded company and changed its name from Information Handling Services to IHS Inc. IHS is classified as belonging to the publications industry, since that time, IHS continues to grow both organically and through acquisitions adding additional products and services and expanding the list of industries it serves. Based on the prices of IHS and Markit common stock on March 18,2016. Upon completion of the merger, the company was renamed IHS Markit. However, certain key operations are based in Englewood, Colorado. Regulatory guideline information and documentation including Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive and Waste Electrical, IHS has embarked on an aggressive acquisition program in the last several years, acquiring the following companies, among others, CAPS electronics component database of PartMiner. 1996- Information Handling Service Purchases Petroconsultants S and this acquisition was the first of many acquisitions to provide IHS with the detailed Exploraiton and Production Databases. 1997- Information Handling Service purchases PI/Dwights and this purchase provided the full United States data coverage providing Well and Production Data. This formed a division called IHS Energy Group, 1998- Information Handling Service purchases MAI Consultants who provided QUE$TOR software and databases to provide detailed costs data for activity around the world. 1998- Information Handling Service purchased IEDS, a UK based company that had a detailed Far East database and their research and leadership were leveraged in the emerging Global integration of research by combined companies. 2001- Information Handling Service purchases Petroleum Data Services which provided detailed Log Services to the USA data compilation and this provided much more deep data within North America
15.
Pullmantur Cruises
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Pullmantur Cruises S. L. is a cruise line headquartered in Madrid, Spain. It began operations in the late 1990s as an offshoot of the Madrid-based travel agency Pullmantur, in 2006, Pullmantur Cruises, through its parent company, was purchased by US-based Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. who sold a 51% stake to the Spain-based Springwater Capital in 2016. Pullmantur Cruises is the largest Spain-based cruise line, the company mainly markets to Spanish passengers, although cruises on Pullmantur ships are also sold by some travel operators outside the Spanish-speaking world. Most of the companys ships operate an all-inclusive product, where some extras, however, as of October 2014, this is no longer the case as alcoholic beverage packages are now sold separately. Most Pullmantur ships do not operate cruises for the company during the northern hemisphere winter season, instead, they are either laid up or under charter to other cruise lines, such as the Brazil-based Viagens CVC. The Big Red Boat 1 was reverted to her original name SS Oceanic, the Oceanic became hugely successful, and already in 2002 Pullmantur acquired a second ship, MS Pacific, and chartered the former Renaissance Cruises ship MS R Five from Cruiseinvest. The R Five was marketed under the name Blue Dream, two more ships followed in 2003. Pullmantur acquired MS Superstar Aries from Star Cruises and renamed her MS Holiday Dream, in 2004 the R Five was chartered by her owners to Oceania Cruises. In 2005 Pullmantur purchased the R Six, confusingly renaming her MS Blue Dream, a third R-class ship followed in 2006 when Pullmantur bought the Delphin Renaissance and renamed her MS Blue Moon. Later the same year the Pullmantur fleet grew to six ships when the Pacific Sky was purchased from P&O Cruises Australia, a few months after the purchase of the Sky Wonder the entire Pullmantur company was sold to Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. Following the acquisition by Royal Caribbean several transfers were carried out between the Pullmantur fleet and those of other Royal Caribbean brands. In 2007 the Blue Dream and Blue Moon were transferred to Azamara Cruises, while MS Oceanic II, in 2008, Pullmantur received Empress of the Seas from the fleet of Royal Caribbean International, and renamed her MS Empress. The Pacific and Holiday Dream left the Pullmantur fleet in April/May for Quail Cruises and CDF Croisières de France, the former P&O Cruises Australia ship Pacific Star entered service as MS Ocean Dream in May. RCIs MS Sovereign of the Seas transferred to Pullmantur as the MS Sovereign, in April 2008 Lloyds List reported that Pullmantur were also in the process of purchasing MS Pride of Aloha from Norwegian Cruise Lines subsidiary NCL America. The deal fell through however, and the Pride of Aloha returned to the normal Norwegian Cruise Line fleet instead, in March 2009 the Oceanic was sold to Peace Boat and the Sky Wonder was renamed Atlantic Star in April 2009. In mid April 2009 the Island Star was transferred from Island Cruises to Pullmantur Cruises and it was announced on March 20,2012 that Royal Caribbean Internationals Monarch of the Seas will be transferred to the fleet on April 1,2013. The Ocean Dream was chartered to Peace Boat to replace the Oceanic, in 2014, the Zenith joined her sister ship LHorizon sailing under the CDF Croisières de France brand. On October 22,2015, it was announce that Empress will be transferred back to Royal Caribbean in early 2016, in late 2016, it was announced CDF would cease operations in early 2017
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ENI number
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An ENI number is a registration for ships capable of navigating on inland European waters. It is a unique, eight-digit identifier that is attached to a hull for its entire lifetime, ENI was introduced by the Inland Transport Committee of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe in their meeting on 11–13 October 2006 in Geneva. It is based on the Rhine Vessel certification system previously used for navigating the Rhine. The ENI number consists of eight Arabic numerals, the first three digits identify the competent authority where the number is assigned and the last five digits are a serial number. Ships which have a number in accordance to the Rhine Inspection Rules receive an ENI beginning with 0. A vessel which has issued an IMO number may only receive an ENI number if it has appropriate certifications for inland water travel. Its ENI will begin with 9 followed by its seven digit IMO number, the ENI number is transmitted by Inland-Automatic Identification System transponders. Not all European vessels are required to carry an ENI number, if a vessel is issued an ENI, this number must be displayed on the sides and stern of the vessel. Media related to Vessels by ENI number at Wikimedia Commons
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Ministry of Ecology
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The Ministry of the Environment, Energy and Marine Affairs is an agency of the Government of France, centred on a cabinet member who is often referred to as the Minister of Ecology. Since April 2014, the position is occupied by socialist Ségolène Royal, the ministry is headquartered in La Grande Arche in La Défense and also, in the Tour Pascal and Tour Sequoia, in Puteaux/ La Défense, near Paris. There is also a Delegate Minister for Transport, Sea and Fishing located in the same place and this position is currently occupied by Frédéric Cuvillier. From 1974 to 1977, the position was renamed Minister of Quality of Life, in 1978 this became Minister of the Environment and Way of Life. The current position title features the expression sustainable development, in due to the influence of the Green party. An Environmental Charter was included in the French Constitution in 2004 and this Ministry is responsible for State Environmental Policy, Transportation, Sea, and Housing Policy. The Ministry distributes funds to Research Agencies or Councils, in 2009, the Minister of Housing and City reported to the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing. This post became the Minister of Housing, in 2012, the minister was Cécile Duflot. In May 2012 the Ayrault government established the Le Ministère de lÉgalité des Territoires et du Logement managed by the ecologist Cécile Duflot, previously it was called the Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Sea. It also had called the Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Town. It also once operated as the Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development, another occasion, it was the Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development. It also had been the Ministry of Country Planning and Environment, Ministry of Country Planning and Environment Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Spatial Planning
. Equasis. French Ministry for Transport. Retrieved 2013-03-20.
