1.
LeAnn Rimes
–
Margaret LeAnn Rimes Cibrian, known professionally as LeAnn Rimes, is an American singer. Known for her vocals, Rimes rose to stardom at age 13 following the release of the Bill Mack song Blue. The albums eponymous single, Blue, became a Top 10 hit. Rimes has won awards, including two Grammys, three ACMs, a CMA,12 Billboard Music Awards, and one American Music award. She has sold over 37 million records worldwide, with 20.3 million album sales in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan, Billboard ranked her 17th artist of the 1990–2000 decade. Rimes has also written four books, two novels and two childrens books, margaret LeAnn Rimes was born in Jackson, Mississippi. She is the child of Wilbur Rimes and Belinda Butler. The family moved to Garland, Texas when she was six and she was enrolled in vocal and dance classes, and was performing at local talent shows at the age of 5. Rimes began her career in theatre, performing in a Dallas, Texas production of A Christmas Carol. After appearing on the television competition show Star Search, where she clearly charmed host Ed McMahon in addition to being a one-week champion. Rimes appeared a number of times on Johnnie Highs Country Music Revue in Arlington, Texas, by age nine, Rimes was an experienced singer. She toured nationally with her father and also performed a cappella renditions of The Star Spangled Banner at the opening of the Dallas Cowboys football games. Wilbur Rimes began recording his daughter under the independent label Nor Va Jak when she turned eleven and she released three albums between 1991 and 1996. Rimes was discovered by Dallas disc jockey and record promoter Bill Mack, Mack was impressed by Rimess vocal ability, and over the following three years, he made various attempts to bring Rimes to a mainstream level. In July 1994, Rimes recorded the song on her independent album, after signing with Curb Records, Rimes re-recorded a new version of Blue for her debut studio album, and as a single. However, Rimes told a BBC radio program in October 2016 that the company accidentally released the version she had recorded as an 11-year-old. She said it was this version peaked at number ten on the Billboard Country Chart. During this time the media was reporting that Rimes was the successor to Patsy Clines legacy, the album Blue sold 123,000 copies in its first week, the highest figure in SoundScan history at that time
2.
London
–
London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
3.
England
–
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
4.
Los Angeles
–
Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
5.
California
–
California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
6.
Nashville, Tennessee
–
Nashville is the capital of the U. S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in the central part of the state. The city is a center for the music, healthcare, publishing, banking and transportation industries and it is known as a center of the country music industry, earning it the nickname Music City, U. S. A. Since 1963, Nashville has had a consolidated city-county government which includes six municipalities in a two-tier system. Nashville is governed by a mayor, vice-mayor, and 40-member Metropolitan Council, thirty-five of the members are elected from single-member districts, five are elected at-large. Reflecting the citys position in government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Courts courthouse for Middle Tennessee. According to 2015 estimates from the U. S. Census Bureau, the balance population, which excludes semi-independent municipalities within Nashville, was 654,610. The 2015 population of the entire 13-county Nashville metropolitan area was 1,830,345, the 2015 population of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Columbia combined statistical area, a larger trade area, was 1,951,644. The town of Nashville was founded by James Robertson, John Donelson, and it was named for Francis Nash, the American Revolutionary War hero. Nashville quickly grew because of its location, accessibility as a port on the Cumberland River, a tributary of the Ohio River. By 1800, the city had 345 residents, including 136 African American slaves and 14 free blacks, in 1806, Nashville was incorporated as a city and became the county seat of Davidson County, Tennessee. In 1843, the city was named the permanent capital of the state of Tennessee, by 1860, when the first rumblings of secession began to be heard across the South, antebellum Nashville was a prosperous city. The citys significance as a port made it a desirable prize as a means of controlling important river. In February 1862, Nashville became the first state capital to fall to Union troops, the state was occupied by Union troops for the duration of the war. Within a few years after the Civil War, the Nashville chapter of the Ku Klux Klan was founded by Confederate veteran John W. Morton, meanwhile, the city had reclaimed its important shipping and trading position and developed a solid manufacturing base. The post–Civil War years of the late 19th century brought new prosperity to Nashville and these healthy economic times left the city with a legacy of grand classical-style buildings, which can still be seen around the downtown area. Circa 1950 the state approved a new city charter that provided for the election of city council members from single-member districts. This change was supported because at-large voting diluted the minority populations political power in the city and they could seldom gain a majority of the population to support a candidate of their choice
7.
Tennessee
–
Tennessee is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States, Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, Tennessees capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 654,610. Memphis is the states largest city, with a population of 655,770, the state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1,1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, occupied by Union forces from 1862, it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war. Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia and this sharply reduced competition in politics in the state until after passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-20th century. This city was established to house the Manhattan Projects uranium enrichment facilities, helping to build the worlds first atomic bomb, Tennessees major industries include agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Poultry, soybeans, and cattle are the primary agricultural products, and major manufacturing exports include chemicals, transportation equipment. In the early 18th century, British traders encountered a Cherokee town named Tanasi in present-day Monroe County, the town was located on a river of the same name, and appears on maps as early as 1725. The meaning and origin of the word are uncertain, some accounts suggest it is a Cherokee modification of an earlier Yuchi word. It has been said to mean meeting place, winding river, according to ethnographer James Mooney, the name can not be analyzed and its meaning is lost. The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the governor of South Carolina, the spelling was popularized by the publication of Henry Timberlakes Draught of the Cherokee Country in 1765. In 1788, North Carolina created Tennessee County, the county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee. When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new out of the Southwest Territory. Other sources differ on the origin of the nickname, according to the Columbia Encyclopedia. Tennessee ties Missouri as the state bordering the most other states, the state is trisected by the Tennessee River. The highest point in the state is Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet, Clingmans Dome, which lies on Tennessees eastern border, is the highest point on the Appalachian Trail, and is the third highest peak in the United States east of the Mississippi River
8.
Pop music
–
Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
9.
Curb Records
–
Curb Records is an independent record label started by Mike Curb originally as Sidewalk Records in 1963. From 1969 to 1973, Curb merged with MGM Records where Curb served as President of MGM, the Four Seasons comeback album, Who Loves You, included December 1963, which was the first single to spend more than one year on the Billboard Hot 100 Chart. Curbs roster past and present includes Lee Brice, LeAnn Rimes, Hank Williams, sheppard, Jim Stafford, Ray Stevens, Andreas Moss, Jonathan Thulin and Tim McGraw. In late 2002, Curb Records also acquired a stake in Word Records from then-owners Time Warner, Curb still holds partnership in Word even though Time Warners stake was sold to newly formed spin-off Warner Music Group in 2004. Four-time GMA Music Award Female Vocalist of the Year Natalie Grant is signed to Curb Records in addition to the 5 time GMA music award winning group Selah. Mullen, Larry Norman, Jonathan Pierce, Plumb, Point of Grace, Group 1 Crew, Salvador, Jamie Slocum, Steller Kart, Jaci Velasquez and Mark Schultz. In 2006, Curb launched a rock label, Bruc Records. Straight to Hell by Neotraditional country artist Hank Williams III was the first album to be released on the new imprint, in 2011, Curb filed a lawsuit against Country singer Tim McGraw, and McGraw filed a counter lawsuit against Curb. In 2012, he stopped recording with Curb, and switched to Big Machine Records, in 2015, Jim Ed Norman was named CEO of the Curb Group, however, Mike Curb remains extremely involved as the founder and chairman of the board. Curb Records supports charitable programs through the Mike Curb Family Foundation and these historic facilities are being used by students at the various Curb supported colleges and universities for the purpose of studying music history. In October 2008 the 6,000 seat Curb Event Center at Belmont University in Nashville, in the United Kingdom, Curb artists are eligible for the UK independent charts. In January 2006, Curb scored a top ten hit with Brian Kennedy and Peter Corrys Tribute to George Best, Curb previously had major hits in Europe with the Four Seasons, the Osmonds, LeAnn Rimes, and Soundtracks such as Coyote Ugly
10.
Record producer
–
A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
11.
Mike Curb
–
Michael Mike Curb is an American musician, record company executive, and NASCAR car owner. A Republican, he served as the 42nd Lieutenant Governor of California from 1979 to 1983 under Democratic Governor Edmund G. Jerry Brown and he was acting governor of California while Brown spent time outside of California pursuing presidential ambitions. He is also the founder of Curb Records as well as an inductee of the West Coast Stock Car Hall of Fame, in 1969, he merged his company with MGM and became President of MGM Records and Verve Records. Curb composed or supervised over 50 film scores and wrote over 400 songs and they recorded Together, a New Beginning in 1980, the theme song for Ronald Reagans successful presidential bid that year. The Mike Curb Congregation were weekly regulars on Glen Campbells CBS National Network Television Show, in 1969, Curb signed Christian rock pioneer Larry Norman to Capitol Records. Curb ran a country music subsidiary label for Motown called Hitsville Records. Curb composed It Was a Good Time for Liza Minnellis Emmy Award winning Liza with a Z. He also received BMI awards for composing Burning Bridges for Clint Eastwoods Kellys Heroes, and for composing All for the Love of Sunshine, which was Hank Williams, Jr. s first #1 Record. In 1970, Billboard reported that MGM Records president Mike Curb has dropped 18 acts who, in his opinion, promote, Billboard reported that Curb was alarmed by the drug-related deaths of Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, and Alan Wilson of Canned Heat. Among the musicians thought to be included in the purge were The Velvet Underground, however Zappa spoke out against drug use throughout his career and by early 1969 had fulfilled his MGM/Verve contract and moved to his own Bizarre Records label, distributed by Warner Bros. Also, when Eric Burdon, who was an advocate of psychedelics, dared Curb to release him from his even though he was his biggest selling artist. Curb claimed he had support, but the only record company official he cited, Bill Gallagher. Columbia Records president Clive Davis said Curb was grandstanding, and that his anti-drug stance had made him a hero of the Nixon administration. In 1997, Curb said the affair had happened at a time when you were considered a freak if you spoke out against drugs, throughout Mike Curbs career he has helped artists through drug and substance abuse issues through numerous charities. Encouraged to enter politics in part by Ronald Reagan, Curb was elected lieutenant governor of California in 1978, defeating the incumbent Democrat, Democratic candidate Jerry Brown was re-elected governor in the same year. Curb worked with Harvey Milk on the campaign against the Briggs Initiative and persuaded Reagan to oppose it, Curb has been a leading conservative supporter of gay rights ever since. Curb lost the 1982 Republican gubernatorial nomination to California attorney general George Deukmejian, a vocal opponent of drug use, Curb advocated extension of the death penalty to include drug pushers whose narcotics trafficking resulted in a death. In 1980 Curb served as the National Co-Chairman of Ronald Reagan’s successful presidential campaign, Curb also served as the Chairman of the convention program in Detroit and was later appointed by President Reagan, to be chairman of the national finance committee in Washington DC
12.
Trevor Horn
–
Trevor Charles Horn, CBE is an English music record producer, songwriter, musician and singer. His influence on 1980s popular music was such that he has been called The Man Who Invented the Eighties, Horn has produced commercially successful songs and albums for numerous British and international artists. He won a Grammy Award for producing Kiss from a Rose by Seal, as a musician, he has had chart success with the bands The Buggles, Yes and Art of Noise. He also owns a significant stake in the recording company ZTT Records, Sarm Studios, the three are combined under the corporate umbrella of SPZ. In 2010 he received the British Academys Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music, Trevor Horn was born in Durham and grew up in Houghton-le-Spring, England. His parents, John and Elizabeth, were from Hetton-le-Hole, which is near Sunderland and his father worked as an engineer, with technology related to milk production as his speciality. Trevor has two sisters, Janet and Marjorie, and a brother, TV producer Ken Horn, both sisters eventually emigrated to Canada. His first group, when he was 14, was called The Outer Limits, Horn moved with his family to Leicester, where Horn began working as a professional musician performing in the local ballrooms while building a home studio. He later became a director and record producer, starting out producing jingles. Horn began his career as a session musician in the late 1970s, including playing on the television show. Most notably, he played for disco star Tina Charles and her producer Biddu, another member of her backing band was keyboard player Geoffrey Downes. In 1978, Horn and Downes formed The Buggles, in which Horn played bass, guitar and percussion as well as providing vocals, just before The Buggles, however, Horn signed with Sonet Records and recorded two singles under the moniker of The Big A. One single, Caribbean Air Control, was released in the United Kingdom, a few months later, the song was remixed into a disco track under the name of Chromium with no vocals and a synthesised and percussion backbeat. This also failed to chart, but did well in the clubs, especially in the US. In 1979, an album was released entitled Star to Star. The song also appeared on the groups first album, The Age of Plastic, later that year, Horn and Downes were invited to join the rock group Yes. Horn became the lead vocalist, replacing Jon Anderson and he recorded one album with Yes, Drama, on which he also played bass on one track. At the beginning of 1981, after seven months, he left Yes to concentrate on production work
13.
David Foster
–
David Walter Foster, OC, OBC, is a Canadian musician, record producer, composer, songwriter, and arranger. Foster has won 16 Grammy Awards from 47 nominations and he is the chairman of Verve Records. Foster was born in Victoria, British Columbia, the son of Maurice Foster, a maintenance yard superintendent, and Eleanor May Foster, in 1963, at the age of 13, he enrolled in the University of Washington music program. In 1966, he joined a band for Chuck Berry. In his teens, he moved to England with the Victoria rock band, the Strangers, in 1974, he moved to Los Angeles with his band Skylark. Foster was a keyboardist for the pop group Skylark, discovered by Eirik Wangberg, the bands song, Wildflower, was a top ten hit in 1973. In 1975, he played on George Harrisons album Extra Texture and he followed that up by playing the Fender Rhodes and clavinet on Harrisons album Thirty Three & 1/3 a year later. In 1976 Foster joined Guthrie Thomas on Thomas 2nd Capitol Records album, Lies and Alibis, with Ringo Starr and a host of many other famed performers. Foster was a contributor to the 1979 Earth, Wind and Fire album I Am. The most noteworthy being the song After the Love Has Gone for which Foster, Foster worked as an album producer on albums for The Tubes, 1981s The Completion Backward Principle, and 1983s Outside Inside. Foster cowrote such songs as Talk to Ya Later, the Top 40 hit Dont Want to Wait Anymore, and these four songs were cowritten with the band’s lead vocalist Peter Cetera. Foster also helped Cetera cowrite his US No.1 solo hit Glory of Love in 1986, Foster cowrote Kenny Logginss songs Forever, from the 1985 album Vox Humana, and Heart to Heart, from the 1982 album High Adventure. In 1985, Rolling Stone magazine named Foster the master of and that year, Foster composed the score for the film St. Elmos Fire, including the instrumental Love Theme from St. Elmos Fire, which hit No.15 on the US pop charts. Another song from the film, St. Elmos Fire, recorded by John Parr, in the following years, Foster continued turning out occasional film scores, including for the Michael J. Foster composed Winter Games, the theme song for 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta. Winter Games is also the soundtrack for fountain shows at the Bellagio resort in Las Vegas, in 1995, Foster signed a deal with Warner Brothers that enabled him to set up his own boutique label,143 Records, as a joint venture with Warner. Foster gave the responsibility for running the label to then manager Brian Avnet, One of the labels first signings was a then-little known Irish folk-rock band, The Corrs, for whom he produced their debut album. Foster, along with Kenneth Babyface Edmonds, composed The Power of the Dream, Foster produced major-label debut albums for Josh Groban, Michael Bublé, Renee Olstead, and Charice, which were released under his 143 Records. Foster, with his then-wife Thompson, composed Light the Fire Within, in 2003, Foster won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Music and Lyrics for The Concert for World Childrens Day
14.
Unchained Melody: The Early Years
–
Unchained Melody, The Early Years or simply The Early Years is a compilation album by American country singer LeAnn Rimes, released in the United States on February 11,1997 by Curb Records. Unchained Melody was released on a single as a B-side track with Put a Little Holiday in Your Heart at Target stores during the 1996 Christmas season alongside Rimes debut album. The album contains versions of I Want to Be a Cowboys Sweetheart by Patsy Montana, Blue Moon of Kentucky by Bill Monroe, I Will Always Love You by Dolly Parton. The album has been certified 2× Platinum for shipments of two copies in the United States. Due to high sales of Rimes debut album, Blue, Curb Records used several tracks recorded from Rimes commercial album, All That, the only songs not recorded prior to Blue is Rimes cover of Bill Monroes Blue Moon of Kentucky and the song River of Love. Unchained Melody was originally released on a single as a B-side track with Put a Little Holiday in Your Heart at Target stores during the 1996 Christmas season alongside Rimes debut album, the compilation album was released on February 11,1997 by Curb Records. Despite LeAnn also being a singer, her cover of Dolly Partons I will always love you is done in the style of Whitney Houstons R&B cover. Credits for Unchained Melody, The Early Years were adapted from liner notes of All That, additional credits adapted from liner notes of the album. Unchained Melody, The Early Years debuted at #1 on Billboard 200 with 166,000 copies sold in the ending of March 1,1997
15.
God Bless America (LeAnn Rimes album)
–
God Bless America is the second compilation album from American recording artist LeAnn Rimes. The album was released on October 16,2001, put a Little Holiday in Your Heart was originally released as a bonus single, with the song Unchained Melody, alongside Blue at Target during the 1996 Christmas season. The only two new songs that were released on the album were The Lords Prayer and The Sands of Time. The album was released as a tribute to the events of September 11,2001. Credits for God Bless America were adapted from liner notes, additional credits adapted from You Light Up My Life, Inspirational Songs liner notes
16.
Blue (LeAnn Rimes album)
–
Blue is the debut album by American country singer LeAnn Rimes, released in the United States on July 9,1996 by Curb Records. It reached No.3 on Billboard 200, and No.1 on Top Country Albums, singles released from this album include, in order of release, Blue, Hurt Me, One Way Ticket, Unchained Melody and The Light in Your Eyes. These songs all charted on Billboard Hot Country Songs charts between 1996 and 1997, Blue and The Light in Your Eyes both reached top 10, while Hurt Me fell short off top 40, One Way Ticket is Rimess only No.1 hit on the country music charts. When purchased at Target stores during the 1996 Christmas season, the album included a single of Put a Little Holiday in Your Heart. Unchained Melody peaked at three on the Country Songs chart while Put a Little Holiday in Your Heart peaked at number fifty-one on the same chart in 1997. The album was met some positive reviews. Allmusic rated Blue four out of five stars, in other words, the hype machine has inadvertently coughed up a gem. Los Angeles Times gave the album two-and-a-half stars out of four and said that Rimes displays the unbridled power, in an ideal world, shed bring all that to bear on songs that tap her youthful zeal. Instead, too many on this major-label debut require a level of experience thats clearly beyond her years, theres no question Rimes has been blessed with a magnificent voice. Lets hope shell be given a few years--say, at least until shes out of high school--to let her natural talent mature. In his Consumer Guide, however, Robert Christgau gave the album a neither score, musicians Technical Chuck Howard – production Johnny Mulhair – production Wilbur C. Rimes – production Blue debuted at No.4 on Billboard 200 with 123,000 copies sold in the ending of July 27,1996
17.
Billboard 200
–
The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during at least one week. The chart is based mostly on sales of albums in the United States, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but since July 2015, tracking week begins on Friday and ends on Thursday. A new chart is published the following Tuesday with an issue post-dated to the Saturday of the following week, the charts streaming schedule is also tracked from Friday to Thursday. Example, Friday January 1 – sales tracking week begins Thursday January 7 – sales tracking week ends Tuesday January 12 – new chart published, New product is released to the American market on Fridays. Digital downloads of albums are included in Billboard 200 tabulation. Albums that are not licensed for sale in the United States are not eligible to chart. As of the issue dated April 15,2017, the album on the Billboard 200 is More Life by Drake. Billboard began an album chart in 1945, initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly, 15-position Best-Selling Popular Albums chart appeared in 1955, the position count varied anywhere from 10 to 30 albums. The first number-one album on the new weekly list was Belafonte by Harry Belafonte, the chart was renamed to Best-Selling Pop Albums later in 1956, and then to Best-Selling Pop LPs in 1957. Beginning on May 25,1959, Billboard split the ranking into two charts Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs for stereo albums and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs for mono albums and these were renamed to Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts in 1960. In January 1961, they became Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic, three months later, they became Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural. On August 17,1963 the stereo and mono charts were combined into a 150-position chart called Top LPs, on April 1,1967, the chart was expanded to 175 positions, then finally to 200 positions on May 13,1967. In 1960, Billboard began concurrently publishing album charts which ranked sales of older or mid-priced titles and these Essential Inventory charts were divided by stereo and mono albums, and featured titles that had already appeared on the main stereo and mono album charts. In January 1961, the Action Charts became Action Albums—Monophonic, Albums appeared on either chart for up to nine weeks, then were moved to an Essential Inventory list of approximately 200 titles, with no numerical ranking. This list continued to be published until the consolidated Top LPs chart debuted in 1963, in 1982, Billboard began publishing a Midline Albums chart which ranked older or mid-priced titles. The chart held 50 positions and was published on a bi-weekly basis, on May 25,1991, Billboard premiered the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart
18.
Recording Industry Association of America
–
The Recording Industry Association of America is a continental North and South American trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA says create, the RIAA headquarters is in Washington, D. C. The RIAA was formed in 1952 and its original mission was to administer recording copyright fees and problems, work with trade unions, and do research relating to the record industry and government regulations. Early RIAA standards included the RIAA equalization curve, the format of the record groove and the dimensions of 33 1/3 rpm,45 rpm. Since 2001, the RIAA has spent $2 to $6 million each year on lobbying in the United States, the RIAA also participates in the collective rights management of sound recordings, and it is responsible for certifying Gold and Platinum albums and singles in the United States. Cary Sherman has been the RIAAs chairman and CEO since 2011, Sherman joined the RIAA as its general counsel in 1997 and became president of the board of directors in 2001, serving in that position until being made chairman and CEO. Mitch Glazier has been the RIAAs senior executive vice president since 2011 and he served as executive vice president for public policy and industry relations from 2000 to 2011. The past RIAA chairman and CEO is Mitch Bainwol, who served from 2003 to 2011 and he left in 2011 to become president and CEO of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. The board of directors consists of 26 members of the board, the RIAA operates an award program for albums that sell a large number of copies. The program originally began in 1958, with a Gold Award for singles, the criterion was changed in 1975 to the number of copies sold, with albums selling 500,000 copies awarded the Gold Award. In 1976, a Platinum Award was added for one million sales, the awards are open to both RIAA members and non-members. Since 2000, the RIAA also operates a program for Latin music sales. Currently, a Disco De Oro is awarded for 30,000 units, the RIAA defines Latin music as a type of release with 51% or more of its content recorded in Spanish. In 2006, digital ringtones were added to branch of certification. In the same year, the RIAA introduced the Latin Digital Award for digital recordings in Spanish and this release format includes DVD and VHS releases, and certain live albums and compilation albums. The certification criteria is different from other styles. Gold,50,000 Platinum,100,000 Multi-Platinum,200,000 copies The RIAA opposes unauthorized sharing of its music, studies conducted since the association began its campaign against peer-to-peer file-sharing have concluded that losses incurred per download range from negligible to moderate. The association has commenced high-profile lawsuits against file sharing service providers and it has also commenced a series of lawsuits against individuals suspected of file sharing, notably college students and parents of file sharing children
19.
A-side and B-side
–
The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record
20.
Concept album
–
A concept album is an album unified by a larger purpose or meaning to the album collectively than to its tracks individually. This may be achieved through a central narrative or theme. The exact criteria of a concept album varies, with no discernible consensus, in the 1960s, several well-regarded concept albums were released by various rock bands, which eventually led to the invention of progressive rock and the rock opera. Since then, many albums have been released across many different musical genres. Concepts are general ideas, thoughts, or abstract notions, there is no clear definition of what constitutes a concept album. Fiona Sturges of The Independent stated that the album was originally defined as a long-player where the songs were based on one dramatic idea –. A precursor to this type of album can be found in the 19th century song cycle which ran some of the same difficulties in classification. The extremely broad definitions of an album could potentially encompass all soundtracks, compilations, cast recordings, greatest hits albums, tribute albums, Christmas albums. The most common definitions refer to an approach to the rock album format. AllMusic writes, A concept album could be a collection of songs by a songwriter or a particular theme -- these are the concept LPs that reigned in the 50s. The phrase concept album is tied to the late 1960s. Author Jim Cullen describes it, a collection of discrete but thematically unified songs whose whole is greater than the sum of its parts, sometimes assumed to be a product of the rock era. Author Roy Shuker defines concept albums and rock operas as albums that are unified by a theme, in this form, the album changed from a collection of heterogeneous songs into a narrative work with a single theme, in which individual songs segue into one another. Yes keyboardist Rick Wakeman considers the first concept album to be Woody Guthries 1940 album Dust Bowl Ballads, the Independent regards it as perhaps one of the first concept albums, consisting exclusively of semi-autobiographical songs about the hardships of American migrant labourers during the 1930s. Singer Frank Sinatra recorded several albums prior to the 1960s rock era, including In the Wee Small Hours. Sinatra is sometimes credited as the inventor of the album, beginning with The Voice of Frank Sinatra. According to biographer Will Friedwald, Sinatra sequenced the songs so that the created a flow from track to track, affording an impression of a narrative. First pop singer to bring a consciously artistic attitude to recording, the author Carys Wyn Jones writes that the Beach Boys Pet Sounds, the Beatles Revolver and Sgt
21.
I Need You (LeAnn Rimes song)
–
I Need You is a song written by Dennis Matkosky and Ty Lacy, and performed by American country pop artist LeAnn Rimes. It was released on July 18,2000 as a single from Jesus, Music From, the song also contains a tribute to the 1989 Don Bluth/United Artists film All Dogs Go to Heaven. The song spent 25 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 charts, a music video was released in 2000. I Need You was released on July 18,2000 as a single from Jesus, Music From & Inspired by the Epic Mini-Series. The song was re-released in 2002 by her label, Curb, in the album, I Need You, along with the Graham Stack Radio Edit, also in 2003, the song was included on CMT Most Wanted Volume 1. The song was included on her Best of album in 2004, a new remix by Digital Dog was featured on Rimes 2014 greatest hits album, Dance Like You Dont Give a. On February 3,2015, it was included on her All-Time Greatest Hits album, although the single was released on July 18,2000, it was only available as the commercial pop version. The country mix version of song was not available until September 12,2000 when Curb featured it on the multi-artist compilation album. I Need You is a Christian pop song of 3 minutes and 48 seconds, the song is written by Dennis Matkosky and Ty Lacy and is in the key of G major with Rimes vocals spanning two octaves, from E4 to D6. In the US, the song spent 25 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100, the song reached as high as number 8 on the Country Songs chart, as well as number 2 on the Adult Contemporary chart. The music video for the song features Rimes singing solo in a minimally furnished, abandoned house, there are close-up shots of her face as she’s singing and various poses of her swaying, moving and dancing to the song. After the second verse the spotlight stops in her midsection and the scenes are flooded with light, then her outfit changes to white but she and the music video continue as before. The video was directed by Joe Rey, on July 22,2014, as a promotion for her Dance Like You Dont Give a. Greatest Hits Remixes album, Rimes released the Digital Dog remix of the music video, in 2001, Anna Fegi released the song for her album, Every Step of the Way. The song was covered again in 2003 by Christian singer, Kristy Starling, on her eponymous debut album
22.
Jesus (1999 film)
–
Jesus is a 1999 Biblical television film that retells the story of Jesus. It was shot in Morocco and Malta and it stars Jeremy Sisto as Jesus, Jacqueline Bisset as Mary of Nazareth, Debra Messing as Mary Magdalene and Gary Oldman as Pontius Pilate. The films chronology entails a cinematic blending of the Four Gospels with the addition of elements not found in the New Testament Accounts. It provides a down to earth approach through its focus on the aspect of Jesus. Likewise, the films Satan comes in two different forms, a visual exemplification of a man and a woman in red. The film also adds a character, an apocryphal Roman historian named “Livio” who watches and comments as events unfold. The film has also criticized for having an unrealistic Crucifixion scene as the person nailing Jesus to the cross is not a Roman Soldier. Popular evangelist John MacArthur has been critical of the film calling it Fake. As it appears in the credits, it was dedicated in memory of Enrico Sabbatini, a soundtrack, Jesus, Music from and Inspired by the Epic Mini-Series, was released on March 8,2000, for the series. I Need You was released as a single for the soundtrack by American country music recording artist LeAnn Rimes, spirit in the Sky by dc Talk was also released as a B side with I Need You. 1999 in American television List of films shot in Malta List of foreign films shot in Morocco Jesus Jesus at Allmovie Jesus at the Internet Movie Database
23.
But I Do Love You
–
But I Do Love You is a song recorded by American country music artist LeAnn Rimes. It was released in the US as a single from the Coyote Ugly soundtrack on February 9,2001, the song was written by Diane Warren. In 2004, the song was featured on The Best of LeAnn Rimes with the Almighty Radio Edit featured on the remix edition and it peaked at number eighteen on the US Billboard Country Songs chart. Internationally it peaked at twenty on UK Singles Chart and forty-eight on the Irish Singles Chart, the theatrical trailer for the film included Perabos original recording of the song prior to Rimes recording it. But I Do Love You was first released on the soundtrack for Coyote Ugly on August 1,2000 and it was later released as a B-side track to the single Cant Fight the Moonlight on August 22,2000. The song was released to radio in the U. S. on February 9,2001. It was released in the UK on February 11,2002 In March of 2002 it was included on Rimes compilation album, I Need You, with the Almighty Radio Edit included as a bonus track. In 2003, the Almighty Radio Edit of the song would be included on the More Music from Coyote Ugly soundtrack on January 28,2003. In 2004, the song was included on The Best of LeAnn Rimes, but I Do Love You is a song of three minutes and twenty seconds. It was written by Diane Warren and recorded by LeAnn Rimes, orchestral arrangements were done by David Campbell with engineering and mixing done by Steve MacMillan. Additional engineering was done by Tim Weidner, Greg Hunt, Gary Leach, another review in Billboard, from 2000, stated that the song is beautifully written and that it is AC-hitworthy. Heather Phares of Allmusic considered the song a Jewel-esque love song, the song debuted at number sixty on the US Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of February 24,2001 and peaked at number eighteen. Internationally the song peaked at twenty on the UK Singles Chart. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
24.
Can't Fight the Moonlight
–
Cant Fight the Moonlight is a song written by Diane Warren, recorded by country pop singer LeAnn Rimes. It appeared in the film Coyote Ugly and its soundtrack and was credited as the theme of the film. Released as a single on August 22,2000 by Rimes, the reached the top twenty in every country it charted in. Internationally, the song topped the charts in eight countries, including Australia, Ireland, Cant Fight the Moonlight became Australias best-selling single of 2001. The remix was included on her Greatest Hits album as well as on the remix edition of her Best of album. A music video for the song was released in 2000 including clips taken from the Coyote Ugly film with Rimes performing at the Coyote Ugly bar, the songs lyrics were slightly changed for film. Cant Fight the Moonlight is a pop song of three minutes and thirty-five seconds, the song was written by American Grammy Award-winning songwriter, Diane Warren and performed by Rimes. The verses are written in the key of E-flat major with the first and second choruses in D-flat minor, the song is produced by Trevor Horn with executive production by Jerry Bruckheimer, Kathy Nelson and Mike Curb. Orchestral arrangements were done by David Campbell with engineering and mixing done by Steve MacMillan, additional engineering was done by Tim Weidner, Greg Hunt, Gary Leach and Austin Deptula. According to Warren it is the first song she had written with so many key changes, Cant Fight the Moonlight was first released on the soundtrack for Coyote Ugly on August 1,2000. It was released in the US on a CD single on August 22,2000 along with the song, the song was later released on a maxi-single which included several remixes of the song. The song was included on Rimess 2002 compilation album, I Need You. In 2003, the Graham Stack Radio Edit of the song would be included on the More Music from Coyote Ugly soundtrack on January 28,2003. and Rimess Greatest Hits album on November 18,2003. In 2004, the song was included on The Best of LeAnn Rimes, wendy Mitchell of Barnes & Noble. com praised the song calling it ultra-catchy. Heather Phares of AllMusic considered the song to be a positively Britney Spearsian power ballad, the song reached the top twenty in every country it charted in. It reached number one in the United Kingdom for one week in November 2000 and it also reached number one in Australia in January 2001 and went on to become the highest selling single in Australia of 2001. It went triple platinum in Australia selling over 210,000 copies, in Ireland, it reached number one in November 2000 for two weeks and is currently the eighteenth best selling single in the history of the Irish Charts. In the U. S. it enjoyed two chart runs on the Billboard Hot 100, on its original chart run in 2000, Cant Fight the Moonlight stalled at number seventy-one
25.
Coyote Ugly (film)
–
Coyote Ugly is a 2000 American romantic musical comedy-drama film based on the actual Coyote Ugly Saloon. Set in New York City, the film stars Piper Perabo and it was directed by David McNally, produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and Chad Oman, and written by Gina Wendkos. Violet Sanford leaves her hometown of South Amboy, New Jersey, her father Bill, the pizza shop where she works has a wall covered with the autographs of employees that left, hoping to make it big, and Violet adds hers to the wall. Violet tries unsuccessfully, a lot of times, to get her demo tape noticed by the recording studios, one night, she tries to get herself noticed by a music industry scout. The bartender jokingly points out Kevin ODonnell, making her believe that he is the bar owner, when the joke is discovered, Violet feels that Kevin was making a fool out of her. After inquiring, she finds out that work at a trendy bar named Coyote Ugly. She finds her way to the bar and convinces the bar owner Lil to give her an audition, Violets first audition does not go well, but after breaking up a fight between two customers, Lil agrees to give her a second audition. At her second audition, Violet douses the fire warden in water costing Lil $250, in order to keep her job, she has to make up $250 in one night. Kevin turns up at the bar, but ends up being auctioned off to one of the women in the bar, in order to pay off her debt to Kevin, Violet agrees to go on four dates with him. Kevin commits himself to helping Violet overcome her stage fright so that she can sell her music, Violets stage fright was shown to be inherited from her mother who also came to New York to be a singer. Also shown is Violets ability to sing to songs that she did not write and this fact is verified when she sings on the bar in the bar in order to save the necks of Cammie and Rachel, who were trying to break up a fight between the customers. One night, a patron takes a picture of Violet in the middle of a raunchy move, when the picture appears in the paper, Bill happens to see it and gets angry at her. She continues to pursue her dream, though, despite being sidetracked with work at the bar, after getting fired when Kevin gets into a fight at the bar, Violet returns to New Jersey for Glorias wedding and returns to New York when Bill was in a car accident. Later, she performs at an open mic night at the Bowery Ballroom with the Coyotes from the Coyote Ugly saloon, Bill, Gloria, the performance goes over very well and she finally lands a deal with a record label. The film concludes back at Coyote Ugly with LeAnn Rimes, having recorded Violets song, singing on the bar as Violet joins in. Early on, before the decided to cast mostly unknown actors, the lead role of Violet Sanford was offered to pop singer Jessica Simpson. Principal photography took place in Manhattan and small towns in New Jersey including South Amboy, production then moved to California and shooting took place in Los Angeles, West Hollywood, Pasadena, and San Pedro. The film was based on an article, The Muse of the Coyote Ugly Saloon, in GQ by Elizabeth Gilbert, the bar, which opened in 1993, quickly became a favorite of the Lower East Side hipsters
26.
Diane Warren
–
Diane Eve Warren is an American songwriter. She rose to prominence in 1983 and has written songs for and with multiple music artists. Warren has had nine songs and 32 Top 10 songs on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Additionally, two of the top 13 hits in the Hot 100s 57-year history were written by her, Warren is the first songwriter in the history of Billboard magazine to have seven hits, all by different artists, on the singles chart at the same time. Her success in the US has been paralleled in the UK, Warren has won a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, three consecutive Billboard Music Awards for Songwriter of the Year and several other accolades. She has been inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Warren owns a publishing company, Realsongs, which gives her control over her compositions. Her familys surname Warren was originally Wolfberg, but her father changed the name because it sounded too Jewish, Warren says she was rebellious as a child and told NPRs Scott Simon that she got into trouble and ran away as a teen but returned because she missed her cat. As a child, Warren loved listening to the radio and dreamed of performing on the radio herself and she was also influenced by music through her parents and her two older sisters who would play music. She began writing music when she was 11 but took a serious approach at 14. Warren has said that her mother asked her to give up her dream of a songwriting career, however, her father continued to believe in her and encouraged her. In addition, he bought her a 12-string guitar and a shed for her to practice. She wrote the song Because You Loved Me as a tribute to her father for his encouragement and she briefly attended college at Los Angeles Pierce College and California State University, Northridge but considered it a waste and spent more of her time writing songs while attending. Warrens first hit was Solitaire, which Laura Branigan took to No.7 in the US pop charts in 1983, shes actually more like the Emily Dickinson of Pop. As in the case of the great nineteenth-century reclusive New England poet known for her simple yet eloquent verses, the original name for her publishing company, Realsongs, was Warren Piece because War and Peace was already taken. In 1998, Realsongs and its partner, EMI Music Publishing, distributed A Passion For Music. EMI Musics London office assisted in distributing 1,200 copies of the box set primarily to the film and television industry for consideration in soundtracks and it was not marketed to consumers. As of 2011, Warrens music has appeared in the soundtracks of over 60 films and she was awarded a star in the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2001. The Diane Warren Foundation, in conjunction with the ASCAP Foundation, the initiative provides sheet music, band arrangements, folios, and method books to each of the schools that are already recipients of musical instruments from the VH1 Save the Music Foundation
27.
Angel Eyes (film)
–
Angel Eyes is a 2001 American romantic drama film directed by Luis Mandoki and starring Jennifer Lopez, Jim Caviezel, and Jeremy Sisto. Written by Gerald Di Pego, the film is about a man who finds himself drawn to a female police officer with whom he forms a relationship that helps each to deal with trauma from their past. The original music score was composed by Marco Beltrami, the film received ALMA Award Nominations for Outstanding Actress and Outstanding Director. On a wet night in Chicago, police officer Sharon Pogue is at the scene of a serious traffic accident holding the hand of one of the victims, pleading that he hold on. One year later, Sharon is frustrated with the men she dates and her father and brother, Larry, have never forgiven her, and her anger is affecting her police work. A man known only as Catch wanders the streets of Chicago in a trance-like state, one day he sees Sharon at a diner and watches her from across the street, and she notices him watching her. Just then a car pulls up and blasts the diner with machine gun fire, Sharon catches up with one criminal and in the ensuing struggle, he gets her gun and shoots her twice in the chest. Seeing that she is protected by her bulletproof vest, he prepares to shoot her in the head and that night, Sharon and Catch meet at a tavern and have a drink. A grateful Sharon tries to learn more about Catch, but he not talk about himself. Sharon invites him to her apartment, and after some awkward moments between the two, they share a kiss, Catch abruptly stops and leaves the apartment, leaving Sharon confused. The next evening Sharon finds a dandelion taped to her mailbox with Catchs phone number and she calls and awkwardly invites him to breakfast at a coffee shop the next morning. When Sharon wakes up, she has second thoughts and calls Catch to cancel their breakfast date, Catch is already at the coffee shop and never gets the message. Upset at being stood up, he goes to Sharons apartment and criticizes her for not showing up for her appointment, Sharon follows him to his nearly empty apartment. Surprised at the conditions, she demands to know more about him. He only says that he is starting from scratch, following the advice of his mother-in-law Elanora, Catch calls Sharon and apologizes, and the two continue seeing each other. They go on a picnic in a state park and share a romantic swim. In the coming days, Catch is there to comfort her after a family confrontation and his positive influence begins to show in her police work. One night they go to a club, and after the band has played a number
28.
2002 Winter Olympics
–
Approximately 2,400 athletes from 78 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines, held throughout 165 sporting sessions. The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee, Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games, and the 2002 Winter Olympics are the most recent games to be held in the United States. These were the first Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Jacques Rogge, the opening ceremony was held on February 8,2002, and sporting competitions were held up until the closing ceremony on February 24,2002. Production for both ceremonies was designed by Seven Nielsen, and music for both ceremonies was directed by Mark Watters, Salt Lake City became the most populous area ever to have hosted the Winter Olympics, although the two subsequent host cities populations were larger. Following a trend, the 2002 Olympic Winter Games were also larger than all prior Winter Games, with 10 more events than the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. The Salt Lake Games faced a scandal and some local opposition during the bid. Nevertheless, from sporting and business standpoints, this was one of the most successful Winter Olympiads in history, over 2 billion viewers watched more than 13 billion viewer-hours. The Games were also financially successful raising more money with fewer sponsors than any prior Olympic Games, the surplus was used to create the Utah Athletic Foundation, which maintains and operates many of the remaining Olympic venues. U. S. Federal subsidies amounted to $1.3 billion, Salt Lake City was chosen over Québec City, Canada, Sion, Switzerland, and Östersund, Sweden, on June 16,1995, at the 104th IOC Session in Budapest, Hungary. The 1976 Winter Olympics were ultimately awarded to Innsbruck, Austria, 1Because of the no-commercialization policy of the Olympics, the Delta Center, now the Vivint Smart Home Arena, was labeled as the Salt Lake Ice Center, causing some confusion for visitors. The Oxford Olympics Study established the outturn cost of the Salt Lake City 2002 Winter Olympics at USD2.5 billion in 2015-dollars and cost overrun at 24% in real terms. This includes sports-related costs only, that is, operational costs incurred by the committee for the purpose of staging the Games. The competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, average cost for Winter Games since 1960 is USD3.1 billion, average cost overrun is 142%. A total 78 National Olympic Committees sent athletes to the Salt Lake City games, cameroon, Hong Kong, Nepal, Tajikistan, and Thailand participated in their first Winter Olympic Games. There were 78 events contested in 7 sports, in the following calendar for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games, each blue box represents an event competition, such as a qualification round, on that day. The yellow boxes represent days during which medal-awarding finals for a sport are held, the number in each box represents the number of finals that were contested on that day. All dates are in Mountain Standard Time Host country To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, several medals records were set and/or tied. They included, Norway tied the Soviet Union at the 1976 Winter Olympics for most gold medals at a Winter Olympics, germany set a record for most total medals at a Winter Olympics, with 36
29.
Salt Lake City
–
Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U. S. state of Utah. With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014, the city lies at the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City-Ogden-Provo Combined Statistical Area. This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120-mile segment of the Wasatch Front and it is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin. The city was founded in 1847 by Brigham Young, Isaac Morley, George Washington Bradley and numerous other Mormon followers, who extensively irrigated and cultivated the arid valley. Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake, the city was originally named Great Salt Lake City—the word great was dropped from the name in 1868 by the 17th Utah Territorial Legislature. Today, however, less than half the population of Salt Lake City proper are members of the LDS Church. It was traversed by the Lincoln Highway, the first transcontinental highway, in 1913, Salt Lake City has since developed a strong outdoor recreation tourist industry based primarily on skiing, and hosted the 2002 Winter Olympics. It is the banking center of the United States. Before Mormon settlement, the Shoshone, Ute, and Paiute had dwelt in the Salt Lake Valley for thousands of years. The land was treated by the United States as public domain, the first U. S. explorer in the Salt Lake area is believed to be Jim Bridger in 1825, although others had been in Utah earlier, some as far north as the nearby Utah Valley. Frémont surveyed the Great Salt Lake and the Salt Lake Valley in 1843 and 1845, the Donner Party, a group of ill-fated pioneers, had traveled through the Great Salt Lake Valley in August 1846. The first permanent settlements in the date to the arrival of the Latter-day Saints on July 24,1847. Upon arrival at the Salt Lake Valley, president of the church Brigham Young is recorded as stating, This is the right place, Brigham Young claimed to have seen the area in a vision prior to the wagon trains arrival. They found the broad valley empty of any human settlement, four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Brigham Young designated the building site for the Salt Lake Temple, which would eventually become a famous Mormon and Salt Lake City landmark. The Salt Lake Temple, constructed on the block that would later be called Temple Square, construction started in 1853, and the temple was dedicated on 6 April 1893. The temple has become an icon for the city and serves as its centerpiece, in fact, the southeast corner of Temple Square is the initial point of reference for the Salt Lake Meridian, and for all addresses in the Salt Lake Valley. The Mormon pioneers organized a new state called Deseret and petitioned for its recognition in 1849, the United States Congress rebuffed the settlers in 1850 and established the Utah Territory, vastly reducing its size, and designated Fillmore as its capital city. Great Salt Lake City replaced Fillmore as the capital in 1858
30.
Promotional recording
–
A promotional recording, or promo, is an audio or video recording distributed for free, usually in order to promote a recording that is or soon will be commercially available. Promos are often distributed in plain packaging, without the text or artwork that appears on the commercial version, typically a promo is marked with some variation of the following text, Licensed for promotional use only. It may also state that the promo is still the property of the distributor and is to be returned upon demand, however, it is not illegal to sell promotional recordings, and recalls of promos are extremely rare and unenforced. Because promos are produced in quantity than releases made available to the general public. They are never intended for sale in record stores, a song may be released as a promotional single even if no commercial version of the single is available to buy. This is usually for the purpose of promoting an entire album, while intended specifically for use by professional disc jockeys and not for resale, they are frequently sought out by music collectors nonetheless. The promo single is recognized by its limited liner notes. Quite often, vinyl records will be issued in a generic cardboard jacket or white paper sleeve while CDs will be issued in a jewel case or cardboard sleeve. There may also be promotion-specific terms stamped on the disc or its cover, unlike a finished promo single, these are commonly test pressings or white labels and thus are manufactured in limited runs. Traditionally, these copies were supplied to DJs through music pools. Despite the good intention, there has been some dispute within the industry whether a promotion is a good thing or not. Building interest is naturally a good thing, but it may have the effect when interested persons are unable to find a new song in the record stores for quite some time. In music, a single or advance single is a track or promotional song. The song are released in order to bring attention to an albums release, buzz singles are not typically issued to radio as promotional singles, but this will not prevent radio stations from playing the songs. Buzz singles are not always included on an album, on rare occasions a special type of demonstration record known as an acetate disc has been distributed to radio stations as a promo. Instead of being mass-produced these records are cut one at a time in the studio from a master tape source. They were generally made in low quantity with hand-written labels. The soft acetate surface of these discs can be played no more than about 10 times before they start to wear out, another type of rare item which has occasionally been used as a promo is a test pressing or white label
31.
Barnes & Noble
–
Barnes & Noble, Inc. is a Fortune 500 company, the largest retail bookseller in the United States, and one of the nations leading retailers of content, digital media, and educational products. As of January 6,2017, the company operates 638 retail stores in all 50 U. S. states. After a series of mergers and bankruptcies in the American bookstore industry since the 1990s, previously, Barnes and Noble operated the chain of small B. Dalton Booksellers stores in malls until they announced the liquidation of the chain. The company is known for large retail outlets, many of which contain a café serving Starbucks coffee and other consumables, from cannolis to spinach and feta pretzels. Most stores sell books, magazines, newspapers, DVDs, graphic novels, gifts, games, toys, music, Barnes & Noble originated in 1886 with a bookstore called Arthur Hinds & Company, located in the Cooper Union Building in New York City. In the fall of 1886, Gilbert Clifford Noble, a then-recent Harvard graduate from Westfield, in 1894, Noble was made a partner, and the name of the shop was changed to Hinds & Noble. In 1901, Hinds & Noble moved to 31–35 W. 15th Street, in 1917, Noble bought out Hinds and entered into a partnership with William Barnes, son of his old friend Charles, the name of the store was changed accordingly to Barnes & Noble. In 1930, Noble sold his share of the company to William Barnes son John Wilcox Barnes, Noble died on June 6,1936, at the age of 72. In the long history of the bookstore, the partnership was a brief interlude of thirteen years. In 1932, at the height of the Great Depression, the moved to a flagship location on 18th Street and Fifth Avenue. The Noble family retained ownership of a publishing business. In 1940, the store was one of the first businesses to feature Muzak and that decade the company opened stores in Brooklyn and Chicago. William Barnes died in 1945, at the age of 78, John Barnes died in 1964, and the company was sold to the conglomerate Amtel two years later. The business was purchased in 1971, by Leonard Riggio for $1.2 million, by then, it had been badly mismanaged over the prior two years and consisted only of a significantly reduced wholesale operation and a single retail location—the store at 105 Fifth Avenue. Between the 1970s and the 1980s, Barnes & Noble opened smaller discount stores and they also began to publish their own books to be sold to mail-order customers. These titles were primarily affordable reissues of out-of-print titles and selling them through mail-order catalogs allowed Barnes & Noble to reach new customers nationwide. Barnes & Noble continued to expand throughout the 1980s, and it purchased the primarily shopping mall-based B. Dalton chain from Dayton Hudson in 1986, the last B. Dalton stores were scheduled to close in January 2010. In 1989, Barnes and Noble had purchased the 22-store chain Bookstop, the acquisition of the 797 B. Dalton bookstores turned the company into a nationwide retailer, and by the end of fiscal year 1999, the second-largest online bookseller in the United States
32.
CD single
–
This article is about the 12cm single. Not to be confused with 8cm single, the standard in the Red Book for the term CD single. A CD single is a single in the form of a standard size compact disc. It is not to be confused with the Mini CD single, the format was introduced in the mid-1980s but did not gain its place in the market until the early 1990s. With the rise in digital downloads in the early 2010s, sales of CD singles have decreased, commercially released CD singles can vary in length from two songs up to six songs like an EP. Some contain multiple mixes of one or more songs, in the tradition of 12 vinyl singles, depending on the nation, there may be limits on the number of songs and total length for sales to count in singles charts. Containing four tracks, it had a limited print run. CD singles were first made eligible for the UK Singles Chart in 1987, the Mini CD single format was originally created for use for singles in the late 1980s, but met with limited success, particularly in the US. The smaller CDs were more successful in Japan and have become more common in Europe. By 1989, the CD3 was in decline in the US and it was common in the 1990s for US record companies to release both a two-track CD and a multi-track maxi CD. In the UK, record companies would also release two CDs but, usually, these consisted of three tracks or more each. Pressure from record labels made singles charts in some countries become song charts, allowing album cuts to chart based only on airplay, without a single ever being released. At the end of the 1990s, the CD was the single format in the UK, but in the US. In Australia, the Herald Sun reported the CD single is set to become extinct, while CD singles no longer maintain their own section of the store, copies are still distributed but placed with the artists albums. That is predominantly the case for popular Australian artists such as Jessica Mauboy, Kylie Minogue and, most recently, Delta Goodrem, the ARIA Singles Chart are now predominantly compiled from legal downloads, and ARIA also stopped compiling their physical singles sales chart. On a Mission by Gabriella Cilmi was the last CD single to be stocked in Kmart, Target and Big W, sanity Entertainment, having resisted the decline for longer than the other major outlets, has also ceased selling CD singles. In Greece and Cyprus, the term CD single is used to describe a play in which there may be anywhere from three to six different tracks. These releases charted on the Greek Singles Chart with songs released as singles, in September 2003, there was talk of ringtones for mobile phones outstripping CD singles sales for the year 2004
33.
Graham Stack (record producer)
–
Stack has also remixed a number of singles including the Latino version of Cant Fight the Moonlight for LeAnn Rimes which sold over 1 million copies and was a pan European hit. Stack has worked as a producer and music director on The X Factor UK and The X Factor USA as well as on Britains Got Talent. Stack was fascinated by music from an age and played guitar in a school band with drummer Tim Goldsmith. Stack got his first break when he was signed to Zomba Music Publishing as a writer and he worked with Take That during this period and had access to the Battery studio complex where he learnt from other Zomba producers including Mutt Lange. He was then signed by Brian Rawling to independent publisher Rive Droite scoring hits with Kylie Minoque, Tina Turner, Rod Stewart, ISBN 1-904994-10-5 The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles
34.
Ballad
–
A ballad /ˈbæləd/ is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads derive from the medieval French chanson balladée or ballade, which were originally danced songs, Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of the British Isles from the later medieval period until the 19th century. They were widely used across Europe, and later in the Americas, Australia, Ballads are 13 lines with an ABABBCBC form, consisting of couplets of rhymed verse, each of 14 syllables. Many ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides, the form was often used by poets and composers from the 18th century onwards to produce lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century, the took on the meaning of a slow form of popular love song and is now often used for any love song. The ballad derives its name from medieval French dance songs or ballares, from which ballet is also derived, as a narrative song, their theme and function may originate from Scandinavian and Germanic traditions of storytelling that can be seen in poems such as Beowulf. Musically they were influenced by the Minnesinger, the earliest example of a recognizable ballad in form in England is Judas in a 13th-century manuscript. This means that the two words, ballad and ballet, are derived from the French language. Ballads were originally written to accompany dances, and so were composed in couplets with refrains in alternate lines and these refrains would have been sung by the dancers in time with the dance. Most northern and west European ballads are written in ballad stanzas or quatrains of alternating lines of iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter, known as ballad meter. Usually, only the second and fourth line of a quatrain are rhymed, there is considerable variation on this pattern in almost every respect, including length, number of lines and rhyming scheme, making the strict definition of a ballad extremely difficult. Ballads usually use the dialect of the people and are heavily influenced by the region in which they originate. Scottish ballads in particular are distinctively un-English, even showing some pre-Christian influences in the inclusion of elements such as the fairies in the Scottish ballad Tam Lin. The ballads do not have any known author or correct version, instead, having passed down mainly by oral tradition since the Middle Ages. The ballads remained a tradition until the increased interest in folk songs in the 18th century led collectors such as Bishop Thomas Percy to publish volumes of popular ballads. In all traditions most ballads are narrative in nature, with a story, often concise, and rely on imagery, rather than description. Themes concerning rural laborers and their sexuality are common, and there are many ballads based on the Robin Hood legend. Another common feature of ballads is repetition, sometimes of fourth lines in succeeding stanzas, as a refrain, sometimes of third and fourth lines of a stanza and sometimes of entire stanzas
[34]