1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Johnny Cash
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Johnny Cash was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, actor, and author. He is widely considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century and one of the music artists of all time. Although primarily remembered as an music icon, his genre-spanning songs and sound embraced rock and roll, rockabilly, blues, folk. This crossover appeal won Cash the rare honor of multiple inductions in the Country Music, Rock and Roll and he traditionally began his concerts with the simple Hello, Im Johnny Cash, followed by his signature Folsom Prison Blues. Much of Cashs music contained themes of sorrow, moral tribulation and redemption and his signature songs include I Walk the Line, Folsom Prison Blues, Ring of Fire, Get Rhythm, and Man in Black. During the last stage of his career, Cash covered songs by several late 20th-century rock artists, notably Hurt by Nine Inch Nails, Cash was born on February 26,1932, in Kingsland, Arkansas, one of seven children born to Ray Cash and Carrie Cloveree. He was mostly of Scottish and English ancestry, and as an adult traced his surname to 11th-century Fife, Scotland, after meeting with the then-laird of Falkland, Fife, Cash Loch and other locations in Fife bear the name of his family. At birth, Cash was named J. R. Cash, when Cash enlisted in the United States Air Force, he was not permitted to use initials as a first name, so he changed his name to John R. Cash. In 1955, when signing with Sun Records, he took Johnny Cash as his stage name, the Cash children were, Roy, Margaret Louise, Jack, J. R. Reba, Joanne, and Tommy. Tommy Cash also became a country artist. In March 1935, when Cash was three years old, the family settled in Dyess, Arkansas and he started working in cotton fields at age five, singing along with his family while working. The family farm was flooded on at least two occasions, which inspired him to write the song Five Feet High and Rising. His familys economic and personal struggles during the Great Depression inspired many of his songs, Cash was very close to his older brother, Jack. In May 1944, Jack was pulled into a head saw in the mill where he worked and was almost cut in two. He suffered for over a week before he died on May 20,1944, Cash often spoke of the horrible guilt he felt over this incident. Jack insisted on working, as the family needed the money, on his deathbed, Jack said he had visions of Heaven and angels. Decades later, Cash spoke of looking forward to meeting his brother in Heaven, Cashs early memories were dominated by gospel music and radio. Taught guitar by his mother and a friend, Cash began playing and writing songs at the age of twelve
3.
With His Hot and Blue Guitar
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Johnny Cash with His Hot and Blue Guitar is the debut studio album by American country star Johnny Cash, released on October 11,1957. The album contained four of his hit singles, I Walk the Line, so Doggone Lonesome, and Folsom Prison Blues. It was re-issued on July 23,2002 as an edition, under the label Varese Vintage, containing five bonus tracks. In 2012, Columbia Records reissued the album with 16 additional non-album Sun tracks as part of its 63-disc Johnny Cash and this was one of the first albums ever issued on Sam Phillips Sun Records label. Cash auditioned for a place on the music label Sun Records in 1955, Cash was told to come back with a more commercial sound, as gospel wouldnt sell. He returned with the songs Hey Porter, Cry. and subsequently released them as his debut single on Sun Records in July 1955. On the recording he was backed by Luther Perkins on guitar and Marshall Grant on bass, Cry. became a commercial success, entering the country charts at number fourteen. His second single, Folsom Prison Blues, was released in December 1955, all tracks written by Johnny Cash, except where noted. See Johnny Cash, The Complete Columbia Album Collection for the listing of the extended edition included in the 2012 box set
4.
Sings Hank Williams
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Sings Hank Williams is the seventh album by American country and rock and roll singer Johnny Cash, released under Sun Records on September 15,1960. Only the first four of the tracks on the album were written by Williams. About half of the songs on the album had previously issued on LP by Sun. Making their album debut are the tracks Straight As in Love, Come in Stranger, Give My Love to Rose, Mean-Eyed Cat, all tracks written by Johnny Cash, except where indicated. Singles - Billboard Maninblack. net Great Johnny Cash Fansite LP Discography entry on Sings Hank Williams
5.
A-side and B-side
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The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record
6.
Sun Studio
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Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis, Tennessee, on January 3,1950. It was originally called Memphis Recording Service, sharing the building with the Sun Records label business. Blues and R&B artists like Howlin Wolf, Junior Parker, Little Milton, B. B. King, James Cotton, Rufus Thomas, Sam Phillips opened the larger Sam C. Phillips Recording Studio, better known as Phillips Recording, in 1959 to replace the older facility. Since Phillips had invested in the Holiday Inn Hotel chain earlier, in 1957, Bill Justis recorded his Grammy Hall of Fame song Raunchy for Sam Phillips and worked as a musical director at Sun Records. In 2005, Brian Setzer released his Rockabilly Riot Vol.1, A Tribute To Sun Records album, although not recorded at Sun it did feature various Sun Records recordings including some hits and other more obscure songs. In 2007, Canadian rockabilly band the Kingmakers recorded a selection of originals and classics such as Elvis Presleys Thats All Right at Sun Studio, released as their first CD Live at SUN Studio. In May 2009, Canadian blues artist JW-Jones recorded with blues legend Hubert Sumlin, Larry Taylor, in July 2009, John Mellencamp recorded nine songs for his album No Better Than This at the studio. In 2011, Chris Isaak released Beyond the Sun, a collection of songs recorded at Sun Studio, in January 1950, WREC radio engineer Sam Phillips opened the Memphis Recording Service at 706 Union Avenue with his assistant and long-time friend, Marion Keisker. Phillips had dreamed of opening his own recording studio since he was a young man, however, getting the company off the ground was not an easy task. To create revenue at the beginning, Phillips would record conventions, weddings, choirs and he also held an open door policy, allowing anybody to walk in and, for a small fee, record their own record. Phillips slogan for his studio was We Record Anything, Anywhere, in June, Phillips and a friend, local DJ Dewey Phillips who was no relation, set up their own record label called Phillips Records. The purpose of the label was to record artists of the South who wanted to make a recording but had no place to do so. The label failed to make an impact and folded after just one release, Boogie in the Park by Joe Hill Louis and it was during this time that Phillips recorded what many consider to be the first rock and roll song, Jackie Brenstons Rocket 88. The Sun Studio tour lends credence to the latter, with the tour guide saying the amplifier was stuffed with wads of newspaper, in early 1952, Phillips once again launched his own record label, this time calling it Sun Records. During his first year he recorded several artists who would go on to have successful careers, among them were B. B. King, Joe Hill Louis, Rufus Thomas, and Howlin Wolf. Despite the amount of singers who recorded there, Phillips found it difficult to keep profits up. He reportedly drove over 60,000 miles in one year to promote his artists with radio stations, to keep costs down, he would pay his artists 3% royalties instead of the usual 5% that was more common at the time. Phillips turned to alcohol when it looked like his label would once again fail, Rufus Thomas Bearcat, a recording that was similar to Hound Dog, was the first real hit for Sun in 1953
7.
Memphis, Tennessee
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Memphis is a city in the southwestern corner of the U. S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Shelby County. The city is located on the fourth Chickasaw Bluff, south of the confluence of the Wolf, Memphis had a population of 653,450 in 2013, making it the largest city in the state of Tennessee. It is the largest city on the Mississippi River, the third largest in the greater Southeastern United States, the greater Memphis metropolitan area, including adjacent counties in Mississippi and Arkansas, had a 2014 population of 1,317,314. This makes Memphis the second-largest metropolitan area in Tennessee, surpassed by metropolitan Nashville, Memphis is the youngest of Tennessees major cities, founded in 1819 as a planned city by a group of wealthy Americans including judge John Overton and future president Andrew Jackson. A resident of Memphis is referred to as a Memphian, and the Memphis region is known, particularly to media outlets, as Memphis and the Mid-South. Occupying a substantial bluff rising from the Mississippi River, the site of Memphis has been a location for human settlement by varying cultures over thousands of years. The historic Chickasaw Indian tribe, believed to be their descendants, French explorers led by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle and Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto would encounter the Chickasaw in that area, in the 16th century. J. D. L. Chickasaw Bluffs, located on the Mississippi River at the present day location of Memphis, spain and the United States vied for control of this site, which was a favorite of the Chickasaws. The United States gained the right to navigate the Mississippi River, the Spanish dismantled the fort, shipping its lumber and iron to their locations in Arkansas. Captain Isaac Guion led an American force down the Ohio River to claim the land, by this time, the Spanish had departed. The forts ruins went unnoticed twenty years later when Memphis was laid out as a city, the city of Memphis was founded on May 22,1819 by John Overton, James Winchester and Andrew Jackson. They named it after the ancient capital of Egypt on the Nile River, Memphis developed as a trade and transportation center in the 19th century because of its flood-free location high above the Mississippi River. Located in the delta region along the river, its outlying areas were developed as cotton plantations. The cotton economy of the antebellum South depended on the labor of large numbers of African-American slaves. Through the early 19th century, one million slaves were transported from the Upper South, Many were transported by steamboats along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. This gave planters and cotton brokers access to the Atlantic Coast for shipping cotton to England, the citys demographics changed dramatically in the 1850s and 1860s under waves of immigration and domestic migration. Due to increased immigration since the 1840s and the Great Famine, ethnic Irish made up 9.9 percent of the population in 1850, but 23.2 percent in 1860, when the total population was 22,623. They had encountered considerable discrimination in the city but by 1860 and they also gained many elected and patronage positions in the Democratic Party city government, and an Irish man was elected as mayor before the Civil War
8.
Country music
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Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the genre of United States, such as folk music. Blues modes have been used throughout its recorded history. The term country music is used today to many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of Europe and Africa along with them for nearly 300 years. Country music was introduced to the world as a Southern phenomenon, Bristol, Tennessee, has been formally recognized by the U. S. Congress as the Birthplace of Country Music, based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum, historians have also noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. Prior to these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a musical heritage. The first generation emerged in the early 1920s, with Atlantas music scene playing a role in launching countrys earliest recording artists. Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin John Carson as early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records in 1924, many hillbilly musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville, during the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Bob Wills was another musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a hot string band. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had played at Carnegie Hall. Gospel music remained a component of country music. It became known as honky tonk, and had its roots in Western swing and the music of Mexico. By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres
9.
Rockabilly
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Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music, dating back to the early 1950s in the United States, especially the South. As a genre it blends the sound of Western musical styles such as country with that of rhythm and blues, leading to what is considered classic rock, some have also described it as a blend of bluegrass with rock and roll. The term rockabilly itself is a portmanteau of rock and hillbilly, other important influences on rockabilly include western swing, boogie woogie, jump blues, and electric blues. An interest in the genre endures even in the 21st century, Rockabilly has left a legacy, spawning a variety of sub-styles and influencing other genres such as punk rock. There was a relationship between blues and country music from the very earliest country recordings in the 1920s. The first nationwide country hit was Wreck of the Old 97, backed with Lonesome Road Blues, during the 1930s and 1940s, two new sounds emerged. Recordings of Willss from the mid 1940s to the early 1950s include two beat jazz rhythms, jazz choruses, and guitar work that preceded early rockabilly recordings, wills is quoted as saying Rock and Roll. Why, man, thats the kind of music weve been playin since 1928. But its just basic rhythm and has gone by a lot of different names in my time and its the same, whether you just follow a drum beat like in Africa or surround it with a lot of instruments. The Maddox Brothers and Rose were at the edge of rockabilly with the slapped bass that Fred Maddox had developed. Maddox said, Youve got to have somethin they can tap their foot, or dance to, after World War II the band shifted into higher gear leaning more toward a whimsical honky-tonk feel, with a heavy, manic bottom end - the slap bass of Fred Maddox. They played hillbilly music but it sounded real hot and they played real loud for that time, too. The Maddoxes were also known for their antics and stuff. I mean it just wasnt us up there pickin and singing, there was something going on all the time. The demonstrative Maddoxes, helped release white bodies from traditional motions of decorum, more and more younger white artists began to behave on stage like the lively Maddoxes. Others believe that they were not only at the leading edge, Bill Monroe is known as the Father of Bluegrass, a specific style of country music. Many of his songs were in form, while others took the form of folk ballads, parlor songs. Bluegrass was a staple of music in the early 1950s
10.
Sun Records
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Sun Records is an American independent record label founded by Sam Phillips in Memphis, Tennessee in 1952. Sun was the first company to record Elvis Presley, Roy Orbison, Sun Records discovered and first recorded such influential musicians as Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis and Johnny Cash. Presleys recording contract was sold to RCA Victor Records for $35,000 in 1955 to relieve Suns financial difficulties. Before those records, Sun had concentrated mainly on African-American musicians because Phillips loved rhythm and blues, Sun record producer and engineer Jack Clement discovered and recorded Jerry Lee Lewis while Phillips was away on a trip to Florida. The original Sun Records logo was designed by John Gale Parker, Jr. a resident of Memphis, Sun was founded with the financial aid of Jim Bulliet, one of many record executives for whom Phillips had scouted artists before 1952. Some of the artists at Sun were Roscoe Gordon, Rufus Thomas, Little Milton, Tex Weiss, Charlie Rich, Howlin Wolf, Bill Justis. In the Lovin Spoonful song Nashville Cats, John Sebastian used poetic license when he referred to Sun as the Yellow Sun Records from Nashville, there were also sixteen female recording artists whose records were released on the Sun and Phillips international label. These include Barbara Pittman and the Miller Sisters, in 1969, Mercury Records label producer Shelby Singleton purchased the Sun label from Phillips. Singleton merged his operations into Sun International Corporation, which re-released and re-packaged compilations of Suns early artists in the early 1970s and it later introduced rockabilly tribute singer Jimmy Orion Ellis in 1980, with Orion taking on the persona of Elvis Presley. The company remains in business as Sun Entertainment Corporation, and currently licenses its brand, Sun Entertainment also includes SSS International Records, Plantation Records, Amazon Records, Red Bird Records, Blue Cat Records among other labels the company acquired over the years. Its website sells collectible items and compact discs bearing the original 1950s Sun logo, Sun Records is located in Nashville, Tennessee. It has been mainly a reissue label since the 1970s but signed country musician Julie Roberts to a contract in 2013. The music of many Sun Records musicians helped lay part of the foundation of late 20th-century rock and roll and influenced younger musicians. In 2001, Paul McCartney appeared on a compilation album titled Good Rockin Tonight. List of record labels Elvis Presleys Sun recordings Johnny Cashs Sun recordings Roy Orbisons Sun Recordings Official website Sun Studio official site Chronology, session files, discography
11.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
12.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
13.
Sam Phillips
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He was a producer, label owner, and talent scout throughout the 1940s and 1950s. He was the founder of both Sun Studio and Sun Records in Memphis, Tennessee, through Sun, Phillips discovered such recording talent as Howlin Wolf, Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Johnny Cash. The height of his success culminated in his launching of Elvis Presleys career in 1954 and he is also associated with several other noteworthy rhythm and blues, country, and rock and roll musicians of the period. Phillips sold Sun in 1969 to Shelby Singleton and he was an early investor in the Holiday Inn chain of hotels. He also advocated racial equality and helped break down barriers in the music industry. Phillips was the youngest of eight children, born on a farm near Florence, Alabama, to tenant farmers, Madge Ella. As a child, he picked cotton in the fields with his parents alongside black laborers, the experience of hearing workers singing in the fields left a big impression on the young Phillips. Traveling through Memphis with his family in 1939 on the way to see a preacher in Dallas, he slipped off to look at Beale Street, I just fell totally in love, he later recalled. Phillips attended the former Coffee High School in Florence and he conducted the school band and had ambitions to be a criminal defense attorney. However, his father was bankrupted by the Great Depression and died in 1941, forcing Phillips to leave school to look after his mother. To support the family Phillips worked in a store and then a funeral parlor. In the 1940s, Phillips worked as a DJ and radio engineer for Muscle Shoals radio station WLAY, according to Phillips, this radio stations open format would later inspire his work in Memphis. Beginning in 1945, he worked for four years as an announcer, on January 3,1950, Phillips opened the Memphis Recording Service at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis, Tennessee. The Memphis Recording Service let amateurs perform, which drew performers such as B. B. King, Junior Parker, Phillips then would sell their performances to larger record labels. In addition to performances, Phillips recorded events such as weddings and funerals. The Memphis Recording Service also served as the studio for Phillipss own label, Phillips combined different styles of music. He was interested in the blues and said, The blues, it got people—black and white—to think about life, how difficult and they would sing about it, they would pray about it, they would preach about it. This is how they relieved the burden of what existed day in, the recording was released on the Chess/Checker record label in Chicago, in 1951
14.
Folsom Prison Blues
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Folsom Prison Blues is a song written and first recorded in 1955 by American singer-songwriter Johnny Cash. The song combines elements from two popular styles, the train song and the prison song, both of which Cash would continue to use for the rest of his career. It was one of Cashs signature songs and it was the eleventh track on his debut album With His Hot and Blue Guitar and it was also included on All Aboard the Blue Train. A live version, recorded among inmates at Folsom State Prison itself, Cash was inspired to write this song after seeing the movie Inside the Walls of Folsom Prison while serving in West Germany in the United States Air Force at Landsberg, Bavaria. Cash took the melody for the song and many of the lyrics from Gordon Jenkinss 1953 Seven Dreams concept album, Jenkins was not credited on the original record, which was issued by Sun Records. In the early 1970s, after the song became popular, Cash paid Jenkins a settlement of approximately US$75,000 following a lawsuit, the song was recorded at the Sun Studio in Memphis, Tennessee on July 30,1955. The producer was Sam Phillips, and the musicians were Cash, Luther Perkins, the song was released as a single with another song recorded at the same session, So Doggone Lonesome. Early in 1956, both sides reached #4 on the Billboard C&W Best Sellers chart, Cash included the song, considered one of his signature songs, in his repertoire for decades. Cash performed the song at Folsom Prison itself on January 13,1968, and that opening song is more up-tempo than the Sun studio recording. According to Michael Streissguth, the cheering from the following the line But I shot a man in Reno / just to watch him die was added in post-production. A special on the Walk the Line DVD indicates that the prisoners were not to cheer at any of Cashs comments about the prison itself. The performance again featured Cash, Perkins and Grant, as on the recording, together with Al Casey. Released as a single, the live version reached #1 on the singles chart. Pitchfork Media placed this version at number 8 on its list of The 200 Greatest Songs of the 1960s. The live performance of the song won Cash the Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance, Male, Charley Pride covered the song on Country Charley Pride before it hit number one on the charts. Bob Dylan and The Band covered the song during their 1967 Basement Tapes sessions, officially released on November 4,2014 on The Bootleg Series Vol.11, merle Haggard recorded the song on his 1968 Album Mama Tried. The International Submarine Band included a recording of the song on their 1968 album Safe at Home, Blues musician Slim Harpo released a version as a single in 1968. Waylon Jennings covered the song on Jewels in 1968, the recording appeared on Heartaches By The Number in 1972
15.
I Walk the Line (film)
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I Walk the Line is a 1970 film directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Gregory Peck and Tuesday Weld. The film is the story of Sheriff Henry Tawes who develops a relationship with town girl Alma McCain, the screenplay is an adaptation of An Exile by Madison Jones. The I Walk the Line soundtrack is by Johnny Cash, it features his 1956 hit song of the same name, Henry Tawes is an aging sheriff in small-town of Sutton, Tennessee, who is becoming bored with his wife Ellen and his life. He meets young Alma McCain and is drawn to her, even though she isnt even half his age, Alma seduces him, then persuades Tawes to provide protection for her father Carl McCain, who makes moonshine whiskey with an illegal still. Tawes obliges her until an agent, Bascomb, turns up. He obeys orders and destroys the still, a deputy, Hunnicutt, suspects that Tawes and the young woman are romantically involved. When he tries to take Alma by force, Hunnicutt is killed by the McCains, Tawes helps dispose of the deputys body. He decides to take off with Alma and start a new life in California, Tawes pursues them, assuming Alma still wants to be with him, but she has other ideas. Frankenheimer wanted Gene Hackman to play the sheriff, but Columbia Pictures insisted that Peck be cast in the lead since he was under contract to them. Frankenheimer cast J. C. Evans, his wifes grandfather, who was years old, to play the sheriffs father. During the drive-in scene, the playing is The Big Mouth. When Sony released it on DVD in 2006, the shot was altered to show a freeze-frame of Pecks face. In the original version, Pecks face is never frozen, in an interview published in October 2009, Madison Jones, the author upon whose novel the films screenplay was based, said Peck didn’t really fit the role. He didn’t really fit any role unless he is playing himself, according to Jones, Peck himself said there was a good movie lying on the cutting-room floor. Cash re-recorded the title song for the film, and ended up with material for a soundtrack album. One of the songs, Flesh and Blood, even became a one country hit in 1971. The soundtrack featured three songs not heard in the film
16.
Gregory Peck
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Eldred Gregory Peck was an American actor who was one of the most popular film stars from the 1940s to the 1960s. Peck continued to major film roles until the late 1980s. His performance as Atticus Finch in the 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird earned him the Academy Award for Best Actor and he had also been nominated for an Oscar for the same category for The Keys of the Kingdom, The Yearling, Gentlemans Agreement and Twelve OClock High. Other notable films he appeared in include Spellbound, Roman Holiday, Moby Dick, The Guns of Navarone, Cape Fear, How the West Was Won, The Omen, President Lyndon Johnson honored Peck with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969 for his lifetime humanitarian efforts. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Peck among Greatest Male Stars of Classic Hollywood cinema and he was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1983. His father was of English and Irish heritage and his mother of English and she converted to her husbands religion, Roman Catholicism, when she married his father, and Peck was raised as a Catholic. Pecks parents divorced when he was five and he was brought up by his maternal grandmother, at the age of 10 he was sent to a Catholic military school, St. Johns Military Academy in Los Angeles. While he was a student there, his grandmother died, at 14, he moved back to San Diego to live with his father, attended San Diego High School, and after graduating enrolled for one year at San Diego State Teachers College. While there he joined the team, took his first theatre and public-speaking courses. Peck however had ambitions to be a doctor and the following year gained admission to the University of California, Berkeley, as an English major, standing 6 ft 3 in, he rowed on the university crew. Although his tuition fee was only $26 per year, Peck still struggled to pay, at Berkeley, encouraged by the acting coach, who saw in him perfect material for university theatre, Peck became more and more interested in acting. He was recruited by Edwin Duerr, director of the universitys Little Theater, Peck would later say about Berkeley that, it was a very special experience for me and three of the greatest years of my life. It woke me up and made me a human being, in 1997, Peck donated $25,000 to the Berkeley rowing crew in honor of his coach, the renowned Ky Ebright. He was often broke and sometimes slept in Central Park and he worked at the 1939 Worlds Fair and as a tour guide for NBCs television broadcasting. In 1940, Peck learned more of the craft, working in exchange for food, at the Barter Theatre in Abingdon, Virginia, appearing in five plays including Family Portrait. His stage career began in 1941 when he played the secretary in a Katharine Cornell production of George Bernard Shaws play The Doctors Dilemma, unfortunately, the play opened in San Francisco just one week before the attack on Pearl Harbor. He made his Broadway debut as the lead in Emlyn Williams The Morning Star in 1942 and his second Broadway performance that year was in The Willow and I with Edward Pawley. Twentieth Century Fox claimed he had injured his back while rowing at university, ive been trying to straighten out that story for years
17.
Chord progression
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A chord progression or harmonic progression is a succession of musical chords. Chord progressions are the foundation of harmony in Western musical tradition, in tonal music, chord progressions have the function of establishing or contradicting a tonality. Chord progressions are usually expressed by Roman numerals, a chord may be built upon any note of a musical scale, therefore a seven-note scale allows seven basic chords, each degree of the scale becoming the root of its own chord. A chord built upon the note A is an A chord of some type The harmonic function of any particular chord depends on the context of the chord progression in which it is found. The diatonic harmonization of any major results in three major triads. They are based on the first, fourth, and fifth scale degrees and these three triads include, and therefore can harmonize, every note of that scale. The same scale also provides three relative minor chords, one related to each of the three major chords, separate from these six common chords there is one degree of the scale, the seventh, that results in a diminished chord. In addition, extra notes may be added to any chord, if these notes are also selected from the original scale the harmony remains diatonic. If new chromatic intervals are introduced then a change of scale or modulation occurs and this in turn may lead to a resolution back to the original key, so that the entire sequence of chords helps create an extended musical form. In western classical notation, chords built on the scale are numbered with Roman numerals, other forms of chord notation have been devised, from figured bass to the chord chart. These usually allow or even require an amount of improvisation. Diatonic scales such as the major and minor scales lend themselves well to the construction of common chords because they contain a large number of perfect fifths. Such scales predominate in those regions where harmony is an part of music, as, for example. Alternation between two chords may be thought of as the most basic chord progression, many well-known pieces are built harmonically upon the mere repetition of two chords of the same scale. The Isley Brothers Shout uses I - vi throughout, three-chord tunes, though, are more common, since a melody may then dwell on any note of the scale. They are often presented as successions of four chords, in order to produce a binary harmonic rhythm, often the chords may be selected to fit a pre-conceived melody, but just as often it is the progression itself that gives rise to the melody. (Common in Elizabethan music, this also underpins the American college song Goodnight Ladies, is the exclusive progression used in Kwela, similar progressions abound in African popular music. They may be varied by the addition of sevenths to any chord or by substitution of the minor of the IV chord to give, for example
18.
Gladewater, Texas
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Gladewater is a city in Gregg and Upshur counties in the U. S. state of Texas. The population was 6,441 at the 2010 census, U. S. Route 80 traverses the city. The town is probably most famous as a base during Elvis Presleys early career, in the early 20th century, Gladewater was an oil boom town. Gladewater is known as the Antique Capital of East Texas with its Main Street downtown antique district and it is located in western Gregg County and southern Upshur County at 32°32′34″N 94°56′49″W, primarily within Gregg County. U. S. Route 80 leads east 12 miles to Longview, U. S. Route 271 crosses US80 in the center of Gladewater, leading north 14 miles to Gilmer and southwest 25 miles to Tyler. According to the United States Census Bureau, Gladewater has an area of 12.2 square miles, of which 11.6 square miles are land and 0.54 square miles. The Sabine River forms the southwest border of the city, Gladewater was founded by the Texas and Pacific Railway Company in 1873 on land bought from Jarrett Dean and Anderson White. The first post office at Gladewater was established on August 22,1873, the towns name probably originated from its proximity to Glade Creek, a tributary of the Sabine River that rose in a rather barren region called the Glades. In 1874 Gladewater was incorporated with a mayor-alderman government, the incorporation lapsed, and a new charter was not obtained until 1931, when an influx of population necessitated organized city government. In 1955 Gladewater adopted a form of government. The population grew slowly during the century, the town had only 163 people in 1880 and 259 in 1900. In the area around Gladewater lumbering was an activity, although farming was also important. In 1908 the town had ten stores, one bank, two shops, two hotels, a gin, a sawmill, and a planing mill. It continued to grow slowly until 1931, on April 7,1931, the first Gladewater oil well blew in. It was located one mile outside town in the Sabine River bottom, Oil production led to a population increase during the 1930s from about 500 to around 8,000 people. In 1940, after the oil boom, Gladewater had a population of 4,454, civic improvements in the 1940s included an extensive paving project and a commercial airfield. Between 1940 and 1960 the population grew to 5,742, lake Gladewater, constructed on Glade Creek in 1954, provides recreation for city residents. During the 1970s Gladewater moved from an oil-oriented to a diversified economy
19.
Pitch (music)
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Pitch can be determined only in sounds that have a frequency that is clear and stable enough to distinguish from noise. Pitch is a major attribute of musical tones, along with duration, loudness. Pitch may be quantified as a frequency, but pitch is not a purely objective physical property, Pitch is an auditory sensation in which a listener assigns musical tones to relative positions on a musical scale based primarily on their perception of the frequency of vibration. Pitch is closely related to frequency, but the two are not equivalent, frequency is an objective, scientific attribute that can be measured. Pitch is each persons subjective perception of a wave, which cannot be directly measured. However, this not necessarily mean that most people wont agree on which notes are higher and lower. Sound waves themselves do not have pitch, but their oscillations can be measured to obtain a frequency and it takes a sentient mind to map the internal quality of pitch. However, pitches are usually associated with, and thus quantified as frequencies in cycles per second, or hertz, by comparing sounds with pure tones, Complex and aperiodic sound waves can often be assigned a pitch by this method. According to the American National Standards Institute, pitch is the attribute of sound according to which sounds can be ordered on a scale from low to high. That is, high pitch means very rapid oscillation, and low pitch corresponds to slower oscillation, despite that, the idiom relating vertical height to sound pitch is shared by most languages. At least in English, it is just one of many deep conceptual metaphors that involve up/down, the exact etymological history of the musical sense of high and low pitch is still unclear. There is evidence that humans do actually perceive that the source of a sound is slightly higher or lower in vertical space when the frequency is increased or reduced. The pitch of tones can be ambiguous, meaning that two or more different pitches can be perceived, depending upon the observer. In a situation like this, the percept at 200 Hz is commonly referred to as the missing fundamental, Pitch depends to a lesser degree on the sound pressure level of the tone, especially at frequencies below 1,000 Hz and above 2,000 Hz. The pitch of lower tones gets lower as sound pressure increases, for instance, a tone of 200 Hz that is very loud seems one semitone lower in pitch than if it is just barely audible. Above 2,000 Hz, the pitch gets higher as the sound gets louder, theories of pitch perception try to explain how the physical sound and specific physiology of the auditory system work together to yield the experience of pitch. In general, pitch perception theories can be divided into place coding, place theory holds that the perception of pitch is determined by the place of maximum excitation on the basilar membrane. However, a purely place-based theory cannot account for the accuracy of pitch perception in the low, temporal theories offer an alternative that appeals to the temporal structure of action potentials, mostly the phase-locking and mode-locking of action potentials to frequencies in a stimulus
20.
Key (music)
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In music theory, the key of a piece is a group of pitches, or scale upon which a music composition is created in classical, Western art, and Western pop music. Notes and chords other than the tonic in a piece create varying degrees of tension, the key may be in the major or minor mode, although major is assumed in a phrase like this piece is in C. Popular songs are usually in a key, and so is classical music during the common practice period, longer pieces in the classical repertoire may have sections in contrasting keys. Methods that establish the key for a piece can be complicated to explain. The key signature is not always a reliable guide to the key of a written piece, occasionally, a piece in a mode such as Mixolydian or Dorian is written with a major or minor key signature appropriate to the tonic, and accidentals throughout the piece. Pieces in modes not corresponding to major or minor keys may sometimes be referred to as being in the key of the tonic. A piece using some type of harmony, resolving e. g. to A. An instrument may be said to be in a key, an unrelated usage referring to the pitches considered natural for that instrument. For example, modern trumpets are usually in the key of B♭, a key relationship is the relationship between keys, measured by common tones and nearness on the circle of fifths. The key usually identifies the tonic note and/or chord, the note and/or major or minor triad that represents the point of rest for a piece. For example, the key of G includes the following pitches, G, A, B, C, D, E, and F♯, and its corresponding tonic chord is G—B—D. Most often at the beginning and end of traditional pieces during the common practice period, a key may be major or minor. Music can be described as being in the Dorian mode, or Phrygian, languages other than English may use other key naming systems. Although many musicians confuse key with scale, a scale is a set of notes typically used in a key, while the key is the center of gravity. All of these notes and chords, however, are used in patterns that serve to establish the primacy of the tonic note. Cadences are particularly important in the establishment of key, even cadences that do not include the tonic note or triad, such as half cadences and deceptive cadences, serve to establish key because those chord sequences imply a unique diatonic context. Short pieces may stay in a single key throughout, more elaborate pieces may establish the main key, then modulate to another key, or a series of keys, then back to the original key. In the Baroque it was common to repeat a phrase of music, called a ritornello
21.
At San Quentin
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At San Quentin is the 31st overall album by Johnny Cash, recorded live at San Quentin State Prison on February 24,1969 and released on June 4 of that same year. The concert was filmed by Granada Television, produced and directed by Michael Darlow, the album was a follow-up to Cashs previous live album, the critically acclaimed and commercially successful At Folsom Prison. The album was certified gold on August 12,1969, platinum and double platinum on November 21,1986, the album was nominated for a number of Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year and won Best Male Country Vocal Performance for A Boy Named Sue. There have been several releases with different songs and set order, the album cover photo by Jim Marshall is considered to be an iconic image of Cash, with Marshall Grants Epiphone Newport bass guitar famously silhouetted in the foreground. Johnny Cash had previously recorded a concert at prison in 1968 at Folsom Prison, This concert was recorded for a live LP, on the original LP release, the song order was changed and several songs were cut, presumably for space reasons. Despite the timing limitations of the vinyl LP format, however, some of the songs were censored. In 2010, the album was reissued on vinyl by Sundazed Records with the original Columbia catalog number LP5362, the reissued Sundazed vinyl is an exact copy of the original record except that the back cover has a barcode and indicates it is a Sundazed issue. Performed but not included were the songs Jackson and Orange Blossom Special, Two songs were somehow slowed down by half a step, possibly due to using another tape machine while the tape on the original machine was changed. This was Cashs first album recorded without his longtime lead guitar player and Tennessee Two founder Luther Perkins, on the album, Cash is heard paying tribute to Perkins. Two songs are performed live on stage for the first time during the show, San Quentin, a crew from Granada Television in the UK filmed the concert for broadcast on television. When the crew ignored his request to clear the stage, he made the gesture, the album was nominated for a number of Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year and won Best Male Country Vocal Performance for A Boy Named Sue. Several tracks on the original LP are preceded by several minutes of Cash talking to the audience, the original LP release bleeps profanity, including on A Boy Named Sue but later issues including the Legacy edition are uncensored. The original albums closing track Folsom Prison Blues is a performance of the song edited from a longer medley available in complete form in later reissues. At San Quentin – Legacy Edition Daniel Geary, The Way I Would Feel About San Quentin, Johnny Cash and the Politics of Country Music, Daedalus,142, 64-72
22.
The Nashville Network
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The Nashville Network, usually referred to as TNN, was an American country music-oriented cable television network. Programming included music videos, taped concerts, movies, game shows, syndicated programs, in 2012, the network was revived as a digital broadcast television network on November 1,2012. The revival of The Nashville Network took on the name Heartland on October 9,2013, the Nashville Network was originally launched as a basic cable and satellite television network on March 7,1983, operating from the now-defunct Opryland USA theme park near Nashville, Tennessee. Country Music Television, founded by Glenn D. Daniels, beat TNNs launch by two days, robbing TNN of the claim of being the first country music television network. TNN was originally owned by WSM, Inc. a subsidiary of National Life and Accident Insurance Company, TNNs flagship shows included Nashville Now and Grand Ole Opry Live, both of which were broadcast live from Opryland USA. During TNNs first year of broadcasting, American General Corporation, parent company of NL&AIC, the Gaylord Entertainment Company purchased TNN and the Opryland properties in the latter half of 1983. Much of TNNs programming during the Gaylord era was produced by Opryland Productions. Programming included variety shows, talk shows, game shows, outdoors shows, TNN even created stars, such as wily fisherman Bill Dance. Grand Ole Opry singer Bobby Lord, known for his skills as a sportsman, hosted the program Country Sportsman, inspired by ABCs The American Sportsman, the TNN show was later renamed Celebrity Sportsman after ABC objected to the similarity to their program. One of the most popular shows that aired on the network during this time was a variety show hosted by the music quartet The Statler Brothers. In 1991, Gaylord Entertainment purchased TNNs chief competitor, CMT, CMT continued to show country music videos exclusively throughout Gaylords ownership. Following the acquisition, TNN quickly phased out its music video blocks, in 1993, Ralph Emery began a short-lived retirement from broadcasting, and left Nashville Now in the process. Upon Emerys exit, the show was merged with fellow TNN program Crook & Chase, in 1996, Crook and Chase left the show to relaunch their eponymous program in daytime syndication, it would return exclusively to TNN in 1997. Meanwhile, Music City Tonight was again overhauled to more closely resemble its original Nashville Now format and this version was originally hosted by actor Tom Wopat. He was later replaced with singer/songwriter Gary Chapman, who enjoyed success with the show until its cancellation in 1999 as part of the networks change of focus. TNN had two subdivisions focused on specialty programming, TNN Outdoors and TNN Motor Sports, TNN Outdoors was responsible for the programming of hunting and fishing shows, while TNN Motor Sports was responsible for production of all of the networks auto racing and motorsports coverage. Regarding the latter, NASCAR races were the most prominently featured, however, races of other series such as IMSA, IRL, ASA, World of Outlaws, and NHRA were also showcased, as were motorcycle and monster truck racing. The outdoors and motorsports programs were so successful that, by the early 1990s, only those shows were seen on Sundays, most of the original entertainment-oriented programming ceased production during this period, and the network began to rely more on TNN Outdoors and TNN Motor Sports for programming
23.
Snare drum
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The snare drum or side drum is a percussion instrument that produces a sharp staccato sound when the head is struck with a drum stick. Snare drums are used in orchestras, concert bands, marching bands, parades, drumlines, drum corps. It is one of the pieces in a drum set, a collection of percussion instruments designed to be played by a seated drummer. Snare drums are played with drum sticks, but the use of other beaters such as the brush or the rute can be used to achieve very different sounds. The snare drum is a versatile and expressive percussion instrument due its sensitivity, the snare drum originates from the tabor, a drum first used to accompany the flute. The tabor evolved into more modern versions, such as the kit snare, marching snare, tarol snare, each type presents a different style of percussion and size. The snare drum that one might see in a music concert is usually used in a backbeat style to create rhythm. In marching bands, it can do the same but is used mostly for a front beat, in comparison with the marching snare, the kit snare is generally smaller in length between the two heads, while the piccolo is the smallest of the three. The snare drum is easily recognizable by its loud cracking sound when struck firmly with a stick or mallet. The depth of the sound varies from snare to snare because of the different techniques, some of these qualities are head material and tension, dimensions, and rim and drum shell materials and construction. The snare drum is constructed of two heads—both usually made of plastic—along with a rattle of metal wires on the head called the snares. The wires can also be placed on the top, as in the tarol snare, the top head is typically called the batter head because that is where the drummer strikes it, while the bottom head is called the snare head because that is where the snares are located. The tension of each head is constant by tension rods. Tension rod adjustment allows the pitch and tonal character of the drum to be customized by the player, the strainer is a lever that engages or disengages contact between the snares and the head, and allows snare tension adjustment. If the strainer is disengaged, the sound of the drum resembles a tom because the snares are inactive. The rim is the ring around the batter head, which can be used for a variety of things. The drum can be played by striking it with a stick or any other form of beater, including brushes, rute and hands. When using a stick, the drummer may strike the head of the drum, when the top head is struck, the bottom head vibrates in tandem, which in turn stimulates the snares and produces a cracking sound
24.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a hall of fame and museum located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the hall of fames permanent home.8 billion, the Foundation began inducting artists in 1986, but the Hall of Fame still had no home. The search committee considered several cities, including Philadelphia, Memphis, Detroit, Cincinnati, New York City, Cleveland was also one of the premier tour stops for most rock bands. Civic leaders in Cleveland pledged $65 million in money to fund the construction. A petition drive was signed by 600,000 fans favoring Cleveland over Memphis, on May 5,1986, the Hall of Fame Foundation chose Cleveland as the permanent home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Sam Phillips of Sun Studios fame and many others were stunned and disappointed that it ended up in Cleveland, the hall of fame shouldve been in Memphis, certainly, wrote Peter Guralnick, author of an acclaimed two-volume Elvis Presley biography. Cleveland may also have chosen as the organizations site because the city offered the best financial package. As The Plain Dealer music critic Michael Norman noted, It was $65 million, Cleveland wanted it here and put up the money. During early discussions on where to build the Hall of Fame and Museum, ultimately, the chosen location was along East Ninth Street in downtown Cleveland by Lake Erie, east of Cleveland Stadium. Initial CEO Dr. Larry R. Thompson facilitated I. M. Pei in designs for the site, Pei came up with the idea of a tower with a glass pyramid protruding from it. The museum tower was planned to stand 200 ft high. The buildings base is approximately 150,000 square feet, the groundbreaking ceremony took place on June 7,1993. Pete Townshend, Chuck Berry, Billy Joel, Sam Phillips, Ruth Brown, Sam Moore of Sam and Dave, Carl Gardner of the Coasters and Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum all appeared at the groundbreaking. The museum was dedicated on September 1,1995, with the ribbon being cut by an ensemble that included Yoko Ono and Little Richard, among others, the following night an all-star concert was held at the stadium. It featured Chuck Berry, Bob Dylan, Al Green, Jerry Lee Lewis, Aretha Franklin, Bruce Springsteen, Iggy Pop, John Fogerty, John Mellencamp, and many others. In addition to the Hall of Fame inductees, the documents the entire history of rock and roll. Hall of Fame inductees are honored in an exhibit located in a wing that juts out over Lake Erie. Since 1986, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has selected new inductees, the formal induction ceremony has been held in New York City 25 times, twice in Los Angeles, and four times in the Hall of Fames home in Cleveland
25.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
26.
Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time
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Like a Rolling Stone, by the American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan was chosen as number 1. The single was released on 20 July 1965, the list includes only songs written in English, with the sole exception of La Bamba, sung in Spanish by the American singer-songwriter Ritchie Valens. Few songs written prior to the 1950s are included, some that are listed are Robert Johnsons Crossroads, in the version recorded by Cream, and Hank Williamss Im So Lonesome I Could Cry. The House of the Rising Sun, listed in the version by English rock band the Animals, was recorded at least as early as 1934, muddy Waterss Rollin Stone is based on an earlier song, dating to the 1920s. There is one instrumental on the list, Green Onions by the American band Booker T. and the M. G. s. The number of songs from each of the decades represented in the 2004 version is as follows, The Beatles are the most heavily represented musical act, john Lennon, Paul McCartney, and George Harrison are also represented as solo artists. However, Lennon is the only artist to appear twice in the top 10, as a member of the Beatles and as a solo artist. The artists not included on the list of the top 100 artists but having the most songs featured in the list are the Animals, Blondie, and the Isley Brothers, each with three songs. The shortest tracks are Great Balls of Fire by Jerry Lee Lewis and Rave On. by Buddy Holly, eddie Cochrans Summertime Blues is 1,53. Love is the most frequent word used in the lyrics, with 1057 occurrences, followed by Im, oh, know, baby, got. In May 2010, Rolling Stone compiled an update, published in an issue and in digital form for the iPod. The list differs from the 2004 version, with 26 songs added, the top 25 remained unchanged, but many songs further down the list were given different rankings as a result of the inclusion of new songs, causing consecutive shifts among the songs listed in 2004. The highest-ranked new entry was Gnarls Barkleys Crazy, the number of songs from each decade in the updated version is as follows, Two songs by U2 and two by Jay-Z were added to the list. Jay-Z is also featured in two new songs on the list, Crazy in Love, by Beyoncé, and Umbrella. The only artist to have two songs dropped from the list is the Crystals, their Da Doo Ron Ron was the song to have been dropped. With the development of the Rolling Stone website as a source of information. Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Songs of All Time with lists of additions, archived from the original on July 6,2013
27.
The Everly Brothers
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The Everly Brothers were American country-influenced rock and roll singers, known for steel-string acoustic guitar and close harmony singing. Isaac Donald Don Everly and Phillip Phil Everly were elected to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986, Don was born in Brownie, Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, in 1937, and Phil two years later in Chicago, Illinois. Their parents were Isaac Milford Ike Everly, Jr. a guitar player, actor James Best, also from Muhlenberg County, was the son of Ikes sister. Margaret was 15 when she married Ike, who was 26, Ike worked in coal mines from age 14, but his father encouraged him to pursue his love of music. Ike and Margaret began singing together, the Everly brothers spent most of their childhood in Shenandoah, Iowa. They attended Longfellow Elementary School in Waterloo, Iowa, for a year, but then moved to Shenandoah in 1944, Ike Everly had a show on KMA and KFNF in Shenandoah in the mid-1940s, first with his wife and then with their sons. The brothers sang on the radio as Little Donnie and Baby Boy Phil, the family sang as the Everly Family. Ike, with guitarists Merle Travis, Mose Rager, and Kennedy Jones, was honored in 1992 by the construction of the Four Legends Fountain in Drakesboro, the family moved to Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1953, where the brothers attended West High School. In 1955, the moved to Madison, Tennessee, while the brothers moved to Nashville. Don had graduated high school in 1955, and Phil attended Peabody Demonstration School in Nashville. Both could now focus on recording, while in Knoxville, the brothers caught the attention of family friend Chet Atkins, manager of RCA Victors studio in Nashville. The brothers became a duo and moved to Nashville, despite affiliation with RCA, Atkins arranged for the Everly Brothers to record for Columbia Records in early 1956. Their Keep a-Lovin Me, which Don wrote and composed, flopped, Atkins introduced them to Wesley Rose, of Acuff-Rose music publishers. Rose told them he would get them a deal if they signed to Acuff-Rose as songwriters. They so signed in late 1956, and in 1957 Rose introduced them to Archie Bleyer, the Everlys signed and made a recording in February 1957. Bye Bye Love had been rejected by 30 other acts and their record reached No.2 on the pop charts, behind Elvis Presleys Teddy Bear, and No.1 on the country and No.5 on the R&B charts. The song, by Felice and Boudleaux Bryant, became the Everly Brotherss first million-seller. Working with the Bryants, they had hits in the United States and the United Kingdom, the biggest being Wake Up Little Susie, All I Have to Do Is Dream, Bird Dog, and Problems
28.
Dolly Parton
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After achieving success as a songwriter for others, Dolly Parton made her album debut in 1967, with her album Hello, Im Dolly. However, in the new millennium, Parton achieved commercial success again and has released albums on independent labels since 2000, including albums on her own label, Parton is the most honored female country performer of all time. Achieving 25 RIAA certified Gold, Platinum, and Multi-Platinum awards, she has had 25 songs reach No.1 on the Billboard country music charts, a record for a female artist. She has 41 career top 10 country albums, a record for any artist, all-inclusive sales of singles, albums, hits collections, and digital downloads during her career have topped 100 million worldwide. Parton has received 46 Grammy nominations, in 1999, Parton was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. She has composed over 3,000 songs, notably I Will Always Love You, Jolene, Coat of Many Colors and she is also one of the few to have received at least one nomination from the Academy Awards, Grammy Awards, Tony Awards, and Emmy Awards. As an actress, she starred in such as 9 to 5, The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, Rhinestone. Parton was born in Sevier County, Tennessee, the fourth of 12 children of Robert Lee Parton, a farmer and construction worker, Partons middle name comes from her maternal great-great grandmother, Rebecca Whitted. She has described her family as being dirt poor, Partons father paid the doctor who helped deliver her with a bag of oatmeal. She outlined her familys poverty in her early songs Coat of Many Colors and they lived in a rustic, one-room cabin in Locust Ridge, just north of the Greenbrier Valley of the Great Smoky Mountains, a predominantly Pentecostal area. Music played an important role in her early life and she was brought up in the Church of God, the church her grandfather, Jake Robert Owens pastored. Her earliest public performances were in the church, beginning at age six, at seven, she started playing a homemade guitar. When she was eight years old, her uncle bought her first real guitar, Parton began performing as a child, singing on local radio and television programs in the East Tennessee area. By ten, she was appearing on The Cas Walker Show on both WIVK Radio and WBIR-TV in Knoxville, Tennessee, the day after she graduated from high school in 1964, she moved to Nashville. Her songs were recorded by other artists during this period, including Kitty Wells. She signed with Monument Records in 1965, at 19, where she was pitched as a bubblegum pop singer. She released a string of singles, but the one that charted, Happy, Happy Birthday Baby. Although she expressed a desire to record country material, Monument resisted, after her composition, Put It Off Until Tomorrow, as recorded by Bill Phillips, went to number six on the country chart in 1966, the label relented and allowed her to record country
29.
The Great Pretender (Dolly Parton album)
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The Great Pretender is Dolly Partons 26th solo studio album, released in February 1984, and is composed of covers of hits from the 1950s and 1960s. The album was produced by Val Garay and it made heavy use of synthesizers and had a decidedly pop sound. The first single, a remake of The Drifters 1960 hit Save the Last Dance for Me was a top ten single for Parton in early 1984. Dolly Partons cover of the 1965 Petula Clark hit Downtown was the second single. The title song was originally a hit for The Platters in 1956, the Great Pretender was the first Dolly Parton album to be issued on the then-new CD format at the time of its release. It was released digitally for the first time on 4 December 2015, the Great Pretender at Dolly Parton On-Line
30.
Glen Campbell
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Glen Travis Campbell is an American rock and country music singer, musician, songwriter, television host and actor. During his 50 years in business, Campbell has released more than 70 albums. He has sold 45 million records and accumulated 12 RIAA Gold albums, four Platinum albums, Campbell made history in 1967 by winning four Grammys total, in the country and pop categories. For Gentle on My Mind, he received two awards in country and western, By the Time I Get to Phoenix did the same in pop. Three of his early hits later won Grammy Hall of Fame Awards and he owns trophies for Male Vocalist of the Year from both the Country Music Association and the Academy of Country Music, and took the CMAs top award as 1968 Entertainer of the Year. John Wayne picked Campbell to play him in the film True Grit. Campbell sang the song which was nominated for an Academy Award. Glen Travis Campbell was born in Billstown, a community near Delight in Pike County, Arkansas, to John Wesley. He is the son of 12 children. His father was a sharecropper of Scottish ancestry and he started playing guitar as a youth and credits his uncle Boo for teaching him the guitar. In 1954, Campbell moved to Albuquerque to join his uncles band known as Dick Bills and he also appeared there on his uncles radio show and on K Circle B Time, the local childrens program on KOB television. In 1958, Campbell formed his own band, the Western Wranglers, in 1960, Campbell moved to Los Angeles to become a session musician. In October 1960 he joined The Champs, by January 1961, Campbell had found a daytime job at publishing company American Music, writing songs and recording demos. Because of these demos Campbell soon was in demand as a session musician and became part of a group of studio musicians later known as The Wrecking Crew. Campbell played on recordings by Bobby Darin, Ricky Nelson, Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, The Monkees, Nancy Sinatra, Merle Haggard, Jan and Dean, Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, and Phil Spector. In May 1961, he left The Champs and was signed by Crest Records. His first solo release, Turn Around, Look at Me, was a moderate success, Campbell also formed The Gee Cees with former bandmembers from The Champs, performing at The Crossbow Inn in Van Nuys. The Gee Cees, too, released a single on Crest, the instrumental Buzz Saw, in 1962, Campbell signed with Capitol Records
31.
Rodney Crowell
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Rodney Crowell is an American musician, known primarily for his work as a singer and songwriter in country music. Crowell has had five number one singles on Hot Country Songs and he has also written songs and produced for other artists. He was influenced by songwriters Guy Clark and Townes Van Zandt, Crowell played guitar and sang for three years in Emmylou Harris Hot Band. He has won two Grammy Awards in his career, one in 1990 for Best Country Song for the song After All This Time, Crowell was born on August 7,1950 in Crosby, Texas, to James Walter Crowell and Addie Cauzette Willoughby. He had come from a family, with one grandfather being a church choir leader. His grandmother played guitar and his father sang semi-professionally at bars, at age 11, he starting playing drums in his fathers band. In his teen years, he played in garage rock bands in Houston. In August 1972 he moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in search of a musical career and he later met and befriended fellow songwriter Guy Clark, who became a major influence on his songwriting and vice versa. While there, he said, I got a real cold splash in the face of what songwriting is about. I started filling my mind with as many symbols and images as I could, I got real hungry to have something to contribute. Emmylou Harris had recorded one of Crowells songs, Bluebird Wine, on her Pieces of the Sky album and made a request to meet him. After he sat in with Emmylou at her gig at the Armadillo World Headquarters in early January 1975, she asked him to play guitar in her backing band. He accepted and left the day to join Emmylou in Los Angeles. In 1977 as a project, he formed a musical group, The Cherry Bombs, together with Vince Gill, Tony Brown. One year later, he signed a deal with Warner Bros. Records and in late 1978, released his debut album. His debut album, as well his following two albums, But What Will the Neighbors Think and Rodney Crowell, were not commercially successful despite garnering a cult following. Crowell himself criticized his debut album for not translating onto vinyl the same clarity and his single Ashes by Now from But What Will the Neighbors Think reached No.37 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1981. Though he had several country hits by artists covering his songs
32.
Jaye P. Morgan
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Jaye P. Morgan is a retired popular music American singer, actress and game show panelist. Morgan was born in Mancos in Montezuma County in far southwestern Colorado and her family moved to California by the time she was in high school. Morgan had six siblings, five brothers and one sister, in the late 1940s, at Verdugo Hills High School in the Tujunga neighborhood of Los Angeles, she served as class treasurer and sang at school assemblies, accompanied by her brother on guitar. In 1950, a year after her graduation from school, Morgan made a recording of Life Is Just a Bowl of Cherries issued by Derby Records. Soon after, she received an RCA Victor recording contract, and she had five hits in one year, including Thats All I Want from You, her biggest hit, other notable hits included The Longest Walk and Pepper Hot Baby. In 1954, she married Michael Baiano and she joined MGM Records in 1959 after spending the previous six years with RCA Victor. From 1954 to 1955, Morgan was a vocalist on the ABC television series show Stop the Music, in November 1955, the British music magazine, NME, reported that Morgan was the top female vocalist in the U. S. In 1956, she had her own The Jaye P. Morgan Show and she was a charter member of the Robert Q. Lewis gang on Lewiss weekday program on CBS, and was featured on a episode of The Jackie Gleason Show in which Lewiss entire company substituted for the vacationing Gleason. In 1958, Morgan appeared on ABCs The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom, on October 6,1960, she guest starred on NBCs The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford. In 1961, Morgan was cast as Sally Dwight in the episode Money, in 1962, she played Patty Maxwell in Pattis Tune of the CBS military sitcom/drama Hennesey, starring Jackie Cooper. That same year, she was cast as Kitty Flanders in Thats Showbiz on NBCs The Joey Bishop Show, in 1964, Morgan was cast as Ruth Evans in the episode Sunday Father of the NBC medical drama, The Eleventh Hour. She spent considerable time in the 1960s making nightclub appearances, in 1966, she guest starred on CBSs My Three Sons as fading singer Claudia Farrell in the episode entitled A Falling Star. In 1973, Morgan played herself in the episode The Songwriter of the sitcom and she appeared as Magda Valentine in the film The All-American Boy, and continued to play small roles in films such as Loose Shoes, Night Patrol and Home Alone 2, Lost in New York. Morgan guest starred on The Muppet Show in which she and Dr. Teeth sang That Old Black Magic, from 1976 to 1978, Morgan was a regular panelist on the popular game/variety show The Gong Show. She also appeared on Rhyme and Reason and Match Game and in the 1980 behind-the-scenes movie version of The Gong Show and she also appeared on the Playboy Channel game show Everything Goes, and with her former Gong partner Jamie Farr on Hollywood Squares Game Show Week II in 2004. The official website of Jaye P. Morgan Jaye P. Morgan at AllMusic Jaye P. Morgan discography, forum, and marketplace at Discogs Jaye P. Morgan at the Internet Movie Database
33.
Live (band)
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Live is an American rock band from York, Pennsylvania, consisting of Ed Kowalczyk, Chad Taylor, Patrick Dahlheimer and Chad Gracey. Kowalczyk left the band in 2009 and was replaced by Chris Shinn, Live achieved worldwide success with their 1994 album, Throwing Copper, which has sold eight million copies in the U. S. The band has sold over 20 million albums worldwide and their last three studio albums fared only moderately well in the U. S. but they continued to enjoy success in The Netherlands, South Africa, Australasia and Brazil. On November 30,2009, Taylor revealed that what had initially been termed a two-year hiatus was more likely the end of the band. An acrimonious split occurred, with Kowalczyk leaving the band, however Live continued with new vocalist Chris Shinn. Kowalczyk rejoined the band in December 2016, Live started in the early 1980s under the name First Aid, as a trio of Taylor, Dahlheimer and Gracey. Kowalczyk joined in 1984, when the group lost a talent show and they went through various different names, including Action Front, Body Odor Boys, Paisley Brues and Club Fungus, before settling on Public Affection in January 1987. When the band graduated high school, they recorded a self-released cassette of original songs, The Death of a Dictionary. In 1990 they released an EP of demos produced by Jay Healy, titled Divided Mind, Divided Planet, the band played regular concerts at CBGB in New York City, which helped earn them a contract with Radioactive Records in 1991. In June that year, the changed its name to Live. Gracey gave the band the name Public Affection based on a comment by his girlfriend at the time, under the new name Live, the band entered the studio with producer Jerry Harrison and recorded the EP Four Songs. The single Operation Spirit went to nine on the Modern Rock chart and was followed by their debut album, 1991s Mental Jewelry. Pat Dalheimer said, So important to have somebody else in the room to help us, I mean, we were still learning how to write songs. Jerry just seemed to know everything. this guys a wizard. Some of the lyrics, written by Kowalczyk, were inspired by Indian philosopher and writer Jiddu Krishnamurti. After appearances on the MTV120 Minutes tour, at Woodstock 94 and on Peter Gabriels WOMAD tour, Lives second album, Throwing Copper, achieved mainstream success. The album featured the singles I Alone, All Over You, Lightning Crashes also stayed at the top of the Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart for ten consecutive weeks. The band appeared on NBCs Saturday Night Live, where they performed I Alone, the success of the singles eventually gained Throwing Copper the number one position on the Billboard 200 album chart on May 6,1995, its 52nd week on the chart. It was the third longest gap between an album first charting and reaching number one, behind Fleetwood Macs Fleetwood Mac in 1976 and it is Lives best-selling album, having sold eight million copies in the US alone
34.
The Voice (U.S. season 7)
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The seventh season of the American reality talent show The Voice premiered on September 22,2014 and ended with the season finale on December 16,2014 on NBC. This season also featured four artists in the finale, the first since season 2, craig Wayne Boyd was announced as the winner of the season. There were two changes to the panel from season six. Veteran coaches Adam Levine and Blake Shelton were joined by Pharrell Williams and Gwen Stefani, Color key The Blind Auditions were taped June 7–8,2014. The first episode of the Blind Auditions premiered on September 22,2014, Color key The four coaches performed Hella Good at the start of the show. The Battles consisted of two 2-hour episodes and two 1-hour episodes each on October 13,14,20 and 21,2014, continuing with the format introduced in season three, the coaches can steal two losing artists from another coach. Contestants who win their battle or are stolen by another coach will advance to the Knockout rounds, Color key, The knockouts returned as a stage after being discontinued and replaced in the sixth season. For the knockouts, Taylor Swift was assigned as a mentor for contestants in all four teams for this round, Color key, Color key, The Live Playoffs comprised episodes 15,16, and 17. The top twenty artists perform, with two artists from each team advancing based on the vote, and each coach completing their respective teams with their own choice. The iTunes bonus multiplier returns for the rounds, restored to its original factor of 10. Night one covers the ten artists from veteran coaches Adam and Blake, the Top 12 performed on Monday, November 17,2014, with the results following on Tuesday, November 18,2014. The Instant Save returned once again this season, with the three artists performing for a spot in the next round via the viewers votes from Twitter. The Top 10 performed on Monday, November 24,2014, with the following on Tuesday. This time, the coaches will choose the song for their artist, craig Wayne Boyd received the second iTunes Multiplier of this season, with his studio recording of I Walk The Line reaching the sixth position on the iTunes Top 200. The Top 8 performed on Monday, December 1,2014, with the following on Tuesday. Also, three will be eliminated, which there will be a bottom half instead of a bottom three this week. This week, the last Instant Save of the season is held, with the eliminations of Luke Wade and DaNica Shirey, Pharrell Williams no longer has any contestants remaining on his team. In addition, with Shireys elimination, there are no female contestants remaining, the Top 5 performed on Monday, December 8,2014, with the results following on Tuesday, December 9,2014
35.
Halsey (singer)
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Ashley Nicolette Frangipane, known professionally as Halsey, is an American singer and songwriter. In 2014, she signed her first recording contract with Astralwerks and released her debut EP and her debut studio album, Badlands, was released in 2015. Her professional name, Halsey, is a reference to the Halsey Street station of the New York City Subway in Brooklyn as well as an anagram of her first name, Halsey was born as Ashley Frangipane in Clark, New Jersey, where she was raised. She is the daughter of Nicole, who works for security in a hospital, and Chris Frangipane and she is of Italian, Hungarian, and Irish descent on her mothers side and African-American on her fathers side. Halsey has two brothers, Sevian and Dante. Growing up, Halsey played the violin, viola, and cello until moving onto the guitar when she was 14. In one of her first interviews, Halsey stated she was diagnosed bipolar disorder around the age of 16 or 17. When she was 18, Halsey encountered financial trouble and music became a way to pay her rent and she played numerous acoustic shows in different cities under various stage names. She chose Halsey as her moniker because it is an anagram of her name as well as a street in Brooklyn where she spent a lot of time as a teenager. Halsey originally planned on going to college to major in fine arts, in an interview, Halsey allegedly used the term tri-bi to identify herself, although she has since distanced herself from it, claiming she was misquoted. Halsey began her career by posting cover songs on YouTube under her real name, in 2012, she recorded a parody of Taylor Swifts I Knew You Were Trouble called The Haylor Song about Swifts relationship with One Direction member Harry Styles, and posted it on her Tumblr account. In 2014, Halsey recorded a song called Ghost and posted it on SoundCloud, the song gained Halsey attention and she signed with the Astralwerks record label. She subsequently released her debut EP titled Room 93 on October 27,2014, four of the five songs on the extended play contained an accompanying video. Halsey toured with The Kooks in 2014 as the opening act, at South by Southwest in 2015, Halsey was the most talked about performer of the festival on Twitter. Through March and April 2015, Halsey led a tour with Young Rising Sons. She also supported Imagine Dragons on the Smoke + Mirrors Tour during the North American leg between June and August 2015 and her debut album, Badlands, was released on August 28,2015. In an interview, Halsey described Badlands as an angry feminist record, in an interview with Billboard in June 2015, Halsey announced that she had already begun writing material for her second studio album. To promote her music, Halsey has been featured in a few interviews and performances, including The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, the album included three singles, with the third Colors released on 7 and as a five track remix EP Complementary Colors
36.
Badlands (Halsey album)
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Badlands is the debut studio album by American singer and songwriter Halsey, released on August 28,2015 by Astralwerks and Capitol Records. Badlands debuted at two on the Billboard 200 chart with first-week sales of 97,000 copies. The album was preceded by the release of two singles, Ghost and New Americana. The third single from the album, Colors, was released on February 9,2016, a new version of the song Castle was released as the albums fourth single to promote the feature film, The Huntsman, Winters War. Roman Holiday was featured in the season of the TV series Younger. The name Badlands is a reference to Halseys state of mind while writing the album, to give a place as a metaphor for a desolate. Musically, the album is rooted in electropop, alternative pop, and synthpop. According to Halsey, Badlands is a album that focuses on the fictional dystopian society known as The Badlands. The city is surrounded by a wasteland, keeping the inhabitants of The Badlands captive. The album was inspired by movies such as The Fifth Element. After writing the first few songs, Halsey came to the realization that the concept was a metaphor for her mental state. Halsey states that she created the Badlands as an escape from her life struggles. In her opinion, the metaphor was that even with no escape, the album was executive produced by Lido. Ghost was released as Halseys debut single on October 27,2014, with a music video filmed in Tokyo. Ghost was released to radio on April 7,2015, Halsey announced New Americana as the second single from the album, which was officially released on July 10,2015. The official music video for New Americana came out on September 25,2015, New Americana peaked at number 60 on the Billboard Hot 100. Colors serves as the third single. It was released to radio on February 9,2016
