Ibn al-Nafis
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ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Abī Ḥazm al-Qarashī, known as Ibn al-Nafīs, was an Arab polymath whose areas of work included medicine, surgery, physiology, anatomy, biology, Islamic studies, juris
Ibn Al Nafis statue
The opening page of one of Ibn al-Nafis' medical works. This is probably a copy made in India during the 17th or 18th century.
A manuscript page from Ibn al-Nafis' Commentary on Avicenna's Canon
Galen
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Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus, often anglicized as Galen or Galen of Pergamon, was a Roman and Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher. Considered to be one of the most accomplished of all medi
Ibn al-Nafis
…pre-dates the later work (1628) of William Harvey's De motu cordis. Both theories attempt to explain circulation. The 2nd century Greek physician Galen's theory about the physiology of the circulatory system remained unchallenged until the works of Ibn al-Nafis, who has therefore been described as "the…
A 17th-century engraving by Georg P. Busch
An interpretation of Galen's human "physiological system"
Modern statue of Galen in his home town, Pergamon
A group of physicians in an image from the Vienna Dioscurides; Galen is depicted top center.