Identification friend or foe
Identification, friend or foe (IFF) is a combat identification system designed for command and control. It uses a transponder that listens for an interrogation signal and then sends a response that identifies the broadcaster. IFF systems usually use radar frequencies, but other electromagnetic frequencies, radio or infrared, may be used. It enables military and civilian air traffic control interrogation systems to identify aircraft, vehicles or forces as friendly, as opposed to neutral or hostile, and to determine their bearing and range from the interrogator. IFF is used by both military and civilian aircraft. IFF was first developed during World War II, with the arrival of radar, and several friendly fire incidents.
An IFF test set used by a United States Air Force avionics technician technical sergeant for testing transponders on aircraft
Radar coverage of the Chain Home system, 1939–40
Code generator from German WW II IFF-Radio FuG 25a Erstling
In telecommunications, a transponder is a device that, upon receiving a signal, emits a different signal in response. The term is a blend of transmitter and responder.
A Highway 407 toll transponder
A transponder in a private plane squawking 2000