Independent suspension
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Independent suspension is any automobile suspension system that allows each wheel on the same axle to move vertically independently of the others. This is contrasted with a beam axle or deDion axle sy
A multi-link type rear independent suspension on an AWD car. The anti-roll bar has some yellow paint on it.
Double wishbone suspension; arms and knuckle painted yellow
MacPherson strut (painted black) on Proton Exora
Studebaker "Planar" transverse leaf spring front suspension
Leaf spring
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A leaf spring is a simple form of spring commonly used for suspension in wheeled vehicles. Originally called a laminated or carriage spring, and sometimes referred to as a semi-elliptical spring, elli
Independent suspension
…when lateral forces are applied, with both of these resulting in erratic handling at the limit. Transverse leaf-spring Studebaker "Planar" transverse leaf spring front suspension Several independent suspension designs have featured transverse leaf springs. Most applications used multi-leaf steel springs, although…
A traditional semi-elliptical Hotchkiss leaf spring arrangement. On the left, the spring is connected to the frame through a shackle.
Each side of this rear axle is suspended by a leaf spring. The front eye of each leaf spring is secured to the frame; the rear eye is attached by a shackle that pivots to allow the spring to lengthen as it flexes.
Three-quarter-elliptic leaf spring on a carriage.
Semi-elliptic