India participated at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 6 October to 18 October 2018. India managed their best ever medal haul of the Youth Olympics in this edition. Among the 206 participating nations, India ranked 17th on the medals tally.Jeremy Lalrinnunga won India's first ever Youth Olympics gold medal. Tababi Devi won the first ever Youth Olympics medal for India in Judo and later also won a silver in the mixed team event under mixed-NOCs. Manu Bhaker became the first Indian girl to win a Youth Olympics gold medal and later also won a silver in the mixed 10 metre air pistol event under mixed-NOCs Both Boys' and Girls' Hockey 5s teams won silver medals in their debut.

Teams made up of athletes representing different National Olympic Committees (NOCs), called mixed-NOCs teams, participated in the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics. These teams participated in either events composed entirely of mixed-NOCs teams, or in events which saw the participation of mixed-NOCs teams and non-mixed-NOCs teams. When a mixed-NOCs team won a medal, the Olympic flag was raised rather than a national flag; if a mixed-NOCs team won gold, the Olympic anthem would be played instead of national anthems. A total of 18 events with Mixed NOCs were held.