The Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation or Borneo confrontation was an armed conflict from 1963 to 1966 that stemmed from Indonesia's opposition to the creation of the state of Malaysia. Vital precursors
A British soldier is winched up by a Westland Wessex helicopter during an operation in Borneo, August 1964
Members of the Sarawak People's Guerrilla Force (SPGF), North Kalimantan National Army (NKNA) and Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) taking photograph together marking the close relations between them during Indonesia under the rule of Sukarno.
Sukarno
Tunku Abdul Rahman
Communist Party of Indonesia
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The Communist Party of Indonesia was a communist party in the Dutch East Indies and later Indonesia. It was founded in 1914 as the Indies Social Democratic Association, became the Communist Union of t
Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
…the states of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak, Brunei, and Singapore. Initially, Indonesia was mildly supportive of the proposed federation, although the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) was firmly opposed to it. In Brunei, it was unclear whether Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III would support Brunei joining the proposed Malaysian…
PKI meeting in Batavia (now Jakarta), 1925
A building used as a branch office of the Indonesian Communist Party (Partai Komunis Indonesia, PKI) in Padang, 1946
Aidit (right) and Revang at the Fifth Congress of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany in East Berlin, 11 July 1958