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Infantry square
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An infantry square, also known as a hollow square or square formation, was a musket-era historic close order formation used in combat by infantry units, usually when threatened with cavalry attack. To
1875 painting of a British infantry square at the 1815 Battle of Quatre Bras by Elizabeth Thompson
1875 painting of a British infantry square at the 1815 Battle of Quatre Bras by Elizabeth Thompson
Infantry of the French Revolutionary Army in square formation, under attack by Chouan rebels at the Battle of Rocher de La Piochais, 21 December 1795.
Infantry of the French Revolutionary Army in square formation, under attack by Chouan rebels at the Battle of Rocher de La Piochais, 21 December 1795.
The charge of the French Cuirassiers at the Battle of Waterloo against a British square.
The charge of the French Cuirassiers at the Battle of Waterloo against a British square.
Egyptian Mamluk cavalry charges a French infantry square during the Battle of the Pyramids, 1798.
Egyptian Mamluk cavalry charges a French infantry square during the Battle of the Pyramids, 1798.
Pike square
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The pike square was a military tactical formation in which 10 rows of men in 10 columns wielded pikes. It was developed by the Swiss Confederacy during the 14th century for use by its infantry.
Infantry square
…a dozen cavalrymen riding abreast to enter or leave the square. The square was revived in the 14th century as the schiltron. It later appeared as the pike square or tercio during the Thirty Years War, the Eighty Years War and was widely used as well in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. The…
Swiss Gevierthaufen at the Battle of Sempach on 9 Jul 1386. Painting by Hans Ulrich Wegmann.
Swiss Gevierthaufen at the Battle of Sempach on 9 Jul 1386. Painting by Hans Ulrich Wegmann.
Pikemen of the Swiss Gevierthaufen in readiness position
Pikemen of the Swiss Gevierthaufen in readiness position
First rank holding pikes at charge for horse defensive posture and second rank at charge for delivering thrusts
First rank holding pikes at charge for horse defensive posture and second rank at charge for delivering thrusts
First rank holding pikes at charge for combat and second rank holding pikes at port to avoid injuring front rank soldiers while waiting to replace the
First rank holding pikes at charge for combat and second rank holding pikes at port to avoid injuring front rank soldiers while waiting to replace them (in real combat first 3–5 ranks would hold their pikes at charge, depending on the formation density and pole length, so as all the charged pikes would have their points in front, not inside the formation)