Interest
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In finance and economics, interest is payment from a borrower or deposit-taking financial institution to a lender or depositor of an amount above repayment of the principal sum, at a particular rate. It is distinct from a fee which the borrower may pay to the lender or some third party. It is also distinct from dividend which is paid by a company to its shareholders (owners) from its profit or reserve, but not at a particular rate decided beforehand, rather on a pro rata basis as a share in the reward gained by risk taking entrepreneurs when the revenue earned exceeds the total costs.
A bank sign in Malawi listing the interest rates for deposit accounts at the institution and the base rate for lending money to its customers
Of Usury, from Brant's Stultifera Navis (the Ship of Fools); woodcut attributed to Albrecht Dürer
Christ drives the Usurers out of the Temple, a woodcut by Lucas Cranach the Elder in Passionary of Christ and Antichrist
Economics
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Economics is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
A 1638 painting of a French seaport during the heyday of mercantilism
The publication of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations in 1776 is considered to be the first formalisation of economic thought.
The Marxist critique of political economy comes from the work of German philosopher Karl Marx.
John Maynard Keynes was a key theorist in economics.