1.
Fabien Baron
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Fabien Baron is a French director, art director and magazine editor. Best known for his ad campaigns and work as editorial director of Andy Warhols Interview magazine. Baron was born on July 5,1959 in Antony, Hauts-de-Seine, France, Baron went to the École des Arts Appliqués where he studied design, sculpture and painting. In 1982 Baron moved to New York and became an art director for Barneys, six years later, Baron went on to reinvent Italian Vogue under editor Franca Sozzani. Baron joined Harpers Bazaar in 1992 as creative director working with editor-in-chief Liz Tilberis and he was brought on to revamp the magazine. According to UKs The Independent, Barons work took Bazaars competitors by storm and created a distinctive look, clean, clear, elegant. It was quickly dubbed the worlds most beautiful fashion magazine and that same year Baron began working with Calvin Klein for what would be the next 20 years as creative director for the brand. Also that same year in 1992, Baron designed Madonnas Sex book photographed by Steven Meisel, Baron shot and directed the documentary, Sex featuring Madonna. The documentary was released alongside her album Erotica, Baron directed the video for the title track that was banned by MTV. In 2008, Baron was asked to become director and re-envision Interview when Peter Brant took full control of the magazine. Barons controversial first cover of a silvery Kate Moss as the devil in a face mask shot by Mert Alas. The metallic cover was an homage to The Factory, Warhols New York studio, Interview made worldwide headlines in December 2013 for Claire Danes topless cover photo, shot by Baron. The accompanying article was written by Dustin Hoffman, Barons decision to put Kanye West on the cover in February 2014 stirred up controversy again with a raw blend of dark imagery and religious undertones shot by Steven Klein. Wests cover story was written by Steve McQueen, Baron is the founder and CCO of Baron & Baron, Inc. a boutique advertising agency specializing in fashion, fragrance and cosmetics luxury brands. Baron creative directed the re-launch of Burberry and had a stint working with Balenciaga during Nicolas Ghesquières tenure. Baron has created perfumes for half a dozen designers, including Giorgio Armani. Baron began working with Calvin Klein in the early 90s and creative directed the brands first campaign for CKOne, featuring Kate Moss, Baron designed the now iconic bottle for CKOne, the first unisex fragrance. In 2008 Baron directed a commercial for Calvin Kleins Secret Obsession fragrance featuring a nude Eva Mendes
2.
Andy Warhol
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Andy Warhol was an American artist who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. Born and raised in Pittsburgh, Warhol initially pursued a career as a commercial illustrator. After exhibiting his work in galleries in the late 1950s. He promoted a collection of known as Warhol superstars, and is credited with coining the widely used expression 15 minutes of fame. In the late 1960s, he managed and produced the rock band The Velvet Underground. He authored numerous books, including The Philosophy of Andy Warhol and Popism and he is also notable as a gay man who lived openly as such before the gay liberation movement. Warhol has been the subject of retrospective exhibitions, books. The Andy Warhol Museum in his city of Pittsburgh, which holds an extensive permanent collection of art. Many of his creations are very collectible and highly valuable, the highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is US$105 million for a 1963 canvas titled Silver Car Crash, his works include some of the most expensive paintings ever sold. A2009 article in The Economist described Warhol as the bellwether of the art market, Warhol was born on August 6,1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was the child of Ondrej Warhola and Julia, whose first child was born in their homeland. His parents were working-class Lemko emigrants from Mikó, located in todays northeastern Slovakia, Warhols father emigrated to the United States in 1914, and his mother joined him in 1921, after the death of Warhols grandparents. Warhols father worked in a coal mine, the family lived at 55 Beelen Street and later at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh. The family was Byzantine Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church, Andy Warhol had two older brothers—Pavol, the oldest, was born before the family emigrated, Ján was born in Pittsburgh. Pavols son, James Warhola, became a childrens book illustrator. He became a hypochondriac, developing a fear of hospitals and doctors, often bedridden as a child, he became an outcast at school and bonded with his mother. At times when he was confined to bed, he drew, listened to the radio, Warhol later described this period as very important in the development of his personality, skill-set and preferences. When Warhol was 13, his father died in an accident, as a teenager, Warhol graduated from Schenley High School in 1945
3.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
4.
International Standard Serial Number
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An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title, ISSN are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature. The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization international standard in 1971, ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC9 is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the content is published in more than one media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media, the ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN and electronic ISSN, respectively. The format of the ISSN is an eight digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers, as an integer number, it can be represented by the first seven digits. The last code digit, which may be 0-9 or an X, is a check digit. Formally, the form of the ISSN code can be expressed as follows, NNNN-NNNC where N is in the set, a digit character. The ISSN of the journal Hearing Research, for example, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, for calculations, an upper case X in the check digit position indicates a check digit of 10. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, the modulus 11 of the sum must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris. The International Centre is an organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, at the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual books, an ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an identifier associated with a serial title. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change, separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media. Thus, the print and electronic versions of a serial need separate ISSNs. Also, a CD-ROM version and a web version of a serial require different ISSNs since two different media are involved, however, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats of the same online serial
5.
Magazine
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A magazine is a publication, usually a periodical publication, which is printed or electronically published. Magazines are generally published on a schedule and contain a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, by a price, by prepaid subscriptions. At its root, the magazine refers to a collection or storage location. In the case of written publication, it is a collection of written articles and this explains why magazine publications share the word root with gunpowder magazines, artillery magazines, firearms magazines, and, in French, retail stores such as department stores. By definition, a magazine paginates with each issue starting at three, with the standard sizing being 8 3/8 ×10 7/8 inches. However, in the sense a journal has continuous pagination throughout a volume. Some professional or trade publications are also peer-reviewed, an example being the Journal of Accountancy, academic or professional publications that are not peer-reviewed are generally professional magazines. That a publication calls itself a journal does not make it a journal in the technical sense, magazines can be distributed through the mail, through sales by newsstands, bookstores, or other vendors, or through free distribution at selected pick-up locations. The subscription business models for distribution fall into three main categories. In this model, the magazine is sold to readers for a price, either on a basis or by subscription. Paid circulation allows for defined readership statistics and this means that there is no cover price and issues are given away, for example in street dispensers, airline, or included with other products or publications. Because this model involves giving issues away to unspecific populations, the statistics only entail the number of issues distributed and this is the model used by many trade magazines distributed only to qualifying readers, often for free and determined by some form of survey. This allows a level of certainty that advertisements will be received by the advertisers target audience. This latter model was used before the rise of the World Wide Web and is still employed by some titles. For example, in the United Kingdom, a number of computer-industry magazines use this model, including Computer Weekly and Computing, for the global media industry, an example would be VideoAge International. The earliest example of magazines was Erbauliche Monaths Unterredungen, a literary and philosophy magazine, the Gentlemans Magazine, first published in 1731, in London was the first general-interest magazine. Edward Cave, who edited The Gentlemans Magazine under the pen name Sylvanus Urban, was the first to use the term magazine, founded by Herbert Ingram in 1842, The Illustrated London News was the first illustrated magazine
6.
The Andy Warhol Museum
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The Andy Warhol Museum is located on the North Shore of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is the largest museum in the North America dedicated to a single artist, the museum holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives from the Pittsburgh-born pop art icon Andy Warhol. The museum is located in an 88, 000-square-foot facility on seven floors and its most recent operating budget was $6.1 million. In addition to its Pittsburgh location the museum has sponsored 56 traveling exhibits that have attracted close to 9 million visitors in 153 venues worldwide since 1996, plans for the museum were announced in October 1989, about 2½ years after Warhols death. At the time of the announcement, works worth an estimated $80 million were donated to the newly announced museum by the AWFVA and the Dia Foundation. Thomas N. Armstrong III, who had been the director of the Whitney Museum of American Art from 1974 to 1990, was named the museums first director in 1993. Matt Wrbican joined the staff of the museum before it opened, inventorying Warhols belongings in New York, and has become the archivist, on May 13–14,1994, the museum attracted about 25,000 visitors to its opening weekend. On November 1,1997 New Yorks Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts donated all Warhol films & video copyrights to the museum. In 2013, it was announced that in Manhattan, New York City, in the Essex Crossing development on the Lower East Side, however, the museum announced in March 2015 that it had dropped its plans to open the New York annex. The museum has grown as a destination, in 2009 it attracted 103,298. The museum is served by exits on Interstate 279 and is within 1 mile of Interstate 579 and Interstate 376, the 2010 film Shes Out of My League filmed a key scene at the museum during an evening event. The films subject was hosting the event, official Museum website The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts website Media coverage on museums 20th anniversary
7.
Bob Colacello
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Bob Colacello is an American writer. Colacello began his career around 1969, when he began publishing film reviews in the Village Voice weekly. As a graduate student in the Film department at Columbia University in New York, his first publications doubled as his class essays, in 1970, Colacello wrote a review of Andy Warhols film Trash, which he hailed as a great Roman Catholic masterpiece. As Colacello himself writes in Holy Terror, Andy Warhol Close up, Warhol suggested Colacello change his name to Bob Cola, Colacello has also established himself as one of the most prolific biographical writers in the United States. He is the author of the highly praised Ronnie and Nancy, Their Path to the White House, 1911-1980, about the social and political rise of Ronald Reagan, Holy Terror, Andy Warhol Close Up. New York, New York, Harper Collins, vintage reprint edition, March 11,2014
8.
Manhattan
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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city
9.
Glenn O'Brien
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Glenn OBrien was an American writer, largely on the subjects of art, music and fashion. He was featured for many years as The Style Guy in GQ magazine and he has worked as an editor at a number of publications, and published the arts and literature magazine Bald Ego from 2003–2005. OBrien was born in Cleveland, Ohio, where he attended the Jesuit St. Ignatius High School, OBrien went to Georgetown University and edited the Georgetown Journal, which had been founded by Condé Nast. OBrien later studied film at the Columbia Graduate School of Arts, in his early years, he was a member of Andy Warhols Factory. He was the first editor of Interview from 1971 to 1974, after his departure, he continued to write for the magazine and returned as editor several times, with a nearly 20-year association with the title. He was a critic for the publication in the punk era. In 1980–1981, he wrote the screenplay for a film to be called New York Beat, starring Jean-Michel Basquiat, with post-production managed by OBrien, for 10 years, he wrote a monthly column for ArtForum Magazine. In January 2008, he was named Editorial Director of Brant Publications, in June 2009 it was announced that he had left his position with Brant Publications. He lent his collection of early Jean-Michel Basquiat works to exhibitions, including Deitch Projects. OBrien died of complications from pneumonia in Manhattan on April 6,2017 at the age of 70, madonna called OBrien an amazing soul and a creative genius after releasing a statement on Twitter
10.
Kate Moss
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Kate Moss is an English model. Born in Croydon, Surrey, she was discovered in 1988 at age 14 by Sarah Doukas, founder of Storm Model Management, arriving at the end of the supermodel era, Moss rose to fame in the early 1990s as part of the heroin chic fashion trend. Her collaborations with Calvin Klein brought her to fashion icon status and she is known for her waifish figure, and role in size zero fashion. She received an award at the 2013 British Fashion Awards to acknowledge her contribution to fashion over 25 years, Moss is also a contributing fashion editor for British Vogue. Moss has had her own clothing range and has involved in musical projects. She has won accolades for modelling, in 2007, TIME named her one of the worlds 100 most influential people. She has inspired cultural depictions including a £1. 5m 18 carat gold statue of her and she began dating Jefferson Hack in the early 2000s and they have a daughter. She later dated musician Pete Doherty and she is married to Jamie Hince, guitarist for the Kills. She received media scrutiny for her party lifestyle and drug use, drug allegations beginning in late 2005 led to her being dropped from fashion campaigns. She was cleared of charges and resumed modelling, in 2012, she came second on the Forbes top-earning models list, with estimated earnings of $9.2 million in one year. Moss was born in Croydon, Greater London, the daughter of Linda Rosina, a barmaid, and Peter Edward Moss, an airline employee and she has a younger brother, Nick, and a half-sister named Lottie. Mosss parents divorced when she was 13 and she attended Ridgeway Primary School and Riddlesdown Collegiate, formerly known as Riddlesdown High School, in Purley. Moss was discovered in 1988 at 14 by Sarah Doukas, founder of Storm Model Management, at JFK Airport in New York, after a holiday in the Bahamas. Corinne Day shot black-and-white photographs of her, styled by Melanie Ward, for The Face when she was 16, Day discovered Moss when she was a young and unknown and described the pictures as dirty realism or grunge. Moss then featured in the Levis campaign Levis for Girls, with success, set up by The Design Corporation. Moss featured in the fashion look heroin chic in 1996 with a campaign for Calvin Klein, bill Clinton spoke out against the trend. Moss said, It was just the time and it was a swing from more buxom girls like Cindy Crawford and people were shocked to see what they called a waif. How many times can you say Im not anorexic, on 20 September 2005, the Swedish fashion retailer H&M dropped her from its campaign of autumn clothes designed by Stella McCartney because of drug allegations
11.
Application software
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An application program is a computer program designed to perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks, or activities for the benefit of the user. Examples of an application include a processor, a spreadsheet, an accounting application, a web browser, a media player, an aeronautical flight simulator. The collective noun application software refers to all applications collectively and this contrasts with system software, which is mainly involved with running the computer. Applications may be bundled with the computer and its software or published separately. Apps built for mobile platforms are called mobile apps, in information technology, an application is a computer program designed to help people perform an activity. An application thus differs from a system, a utility. Depending on the activity for which it was designed, an application can manipulate text, numbers, graphics, some application packages focus on a single task, such as word processing, others, called integrated software include several applications. User-written software tailors systems to meet the specific needs. User-written software includes templates, word processor macros, scientific simulations, graphics. Even email filters are a kind of user software, users create this software themselves and often overlook how important it is. The delineation between system software such as operating systems and application software is not exact, however, and is occasionally the object of controversy. As another example, the GNU/Linux naming controversy is, in part, the above definitions may exclude some applications that may exist on some computers in large organizations. For an alternative definition of an app, see Application Portfolio Management, the word application, once used as an adjective, is not restricted to the of or pertaining to application software meaning. Sometimes a new and popular application arises which only runs on one platform and this is called a killer application or killer app. There are many different ways to divide up different types of application software, web apps have indeed greatly increased in popularity for some uses, but the advantages of applications make them unlikely to disappear soon, if ever. Furthermore, the two can be complementary, and even integrated, Application software can also be seen as being either horizontal or vertical. Horizontal applications are more popular and widespread, because they are general purpose, vertical applications are niche products, designed for a particular type of industry or business, or department within an organization. Integrated suites of software will try to handle every aspect possible of, for example, manufacturing or banking systems, or accounting
12.
Harper's Bazaar
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Harpers Bazaar is an American womens fashion magazine, first published in 1867. Harpers Bazaar is published by Hearst and, as a magazine, considers itself to be the resource for women who are the first to buy the best. Writers Alice Meynell, Daisy Fellowes, Gloria Guinness, and Eleanor Hoyt Brainerd, when Harpers Bazaar began publication, it was a weekly magazine catering to women in the middle and upper classes. It showcased fashion from Germany and Paris in a newspaper-design format and it was not until 1901 that Harpers moved to a monthly issued magazine which it maintains today. Now Harpers Bazaar is owned and operated by the Hearst Corporation in the U. S. harper & Brothers founded the magazine. This company also gave birth to Harpers Magazine and HarperCollins Publishing, glenda Bailey is the editor-in-chief of U. S. edition of Harpers Bazaar. As the turn-of-the-century began in America, Harpers Bazaar began featuring both illustrations and photographs for its covers and inside features of society and increasingly of fashion. During the late Victorian period, as the suffrage movement was gaining momentum. Bazaar also began profiling prominent socialites, such as the Astors, in 1933, editor-in-chief Carmel Snow brought photojournalist Martin Munkacsi to a windswept beach to shoot a swimwear spread. As the model ran toward the camera, Munkacsi took the picture that made fashion-magazine history, until that moment, nearly all fashion was carefully staged on mannequin-like models in a studio. Snows buoyant spirit and wicked sense of adventure brought life to the pages of Bazaar, Snows genius came from cultivating the best people. Her first big find was art director Alexey Brodovitch, who innovated Bazaars iconic Didot logo, Snow also unleashed the force of nature known as Diana Vreeland, whom she brought on as fashion editor in 1936. The collaboration of these four visionaries resulted in some of the germane fashion shoots of the 20th century and ended only with Snows retirement, at the age of 70, throughout his career at the magazine, Brodovitch, a Russian émigré, revolutionized magazine design. With his directive Astonish me, he inspired some of the greatest visual artists of the 20th century, one of his assistants was future Rolling Stone art director Tony Lane. Sadly, Brodovitchs personal life was less triumphant, plagued by alcoholism, he left Bazaar in 1958 and eventually moved to the south of France, where he died in 1971. Diana, who is said to have invented the word pizzazz, before long, she became fashion editor, collaborating with photographers Louise Dahl-Wolfe and Richard Avedon and, later, art director Henry Wolf. Her eccentricity, perception and wit, as well as her sharp wit and sweeping pronouncements, were memorialized in the movie Funny Face, making her, for many, Richard Avedon began creating fashion portfolios for Harpers Bazaar at the age of 22. His distinctive photographs showed both chic insouciance and boundless vitality, avedons women leapt off curbs, roller-skated on the Place de la Concorde, and were seen in nightclubs, enjoying the freedom and fashions of the postwar era
13.
Chapter 7, Title 11, United States Code
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Chapter 7 of the Title 11 of the United States Code governs the process of liquidation under the bankruptcy laws of the United States. Chapter 7 is the most common form of bankruptcy in the United States, when a troubled business is unable to pay its creditors, it may file for bankruptcy in a federal court under Chapter 7. A Chapter 7 filing means that the business ceases operations unless those operations are continued by the Chapter 7 Trustee, a Chapter 7 trustee is appointed almost immediately, with broad powers to examine the businesss financial affairs. The Trustee generally liquidates the assets and distributes the proceeds to the creditors and this may or may not mean that all employees will lose their jobs. When a large company enters Chapter 7 bankruptcy, entire divisions of the company may be sold intact to other companies during the liquidation, the investors who took the least amount of risk prior to the bankruptcy are generally paid first. For example, secured creditors will have less risk, because the credit that they will have extended is usually backed by collateral. Secured creditors often know they will get paid first if the company declares bankruptcy, a creditor is fully secured if the value of the collateral for its loan to the debtor equals or exceeds the amount of the debt. For this reason, however, fully secured creditors are not entitled to participate in any distribution of liquidated assets that the bankruptcy trustee might make, in a Chapter 7 case, a corporation or partnership does not receive a bankruptcy discharge. An individual can receive a Chapter 7 discharge, once all assets of the corporate or partnership debtor have been fully administered, the case is closed. The debts of the corporation or partnership theoretically continue to exist until applicable statutory periods of limitations expire, individuals who reside, have a place of business, or own property in the United States may file for bankruptcy in a federal court under Chapter 7. Chapter 7, as other bankruptcy chapters, is not available to individuals who have had bankruptcy cases dismissed within the prior 180 days under specified circumstances. In a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the individual is allowed to keep certain exempt property, the value of property that can be claimed as exempt varies from state to state. Other assets, if any, are sold by the trustee to repay creditors, many types of unsecured debt are legally discharged by the bankruptcy proceeding, but there are various types of debt that are not discharged in a Chapter 7. Spousal support is not covered by a bankruptcy filing, nor are property settlements through divorce. Despite their potential non-dischargeability, all debts must be listed on bankruptcy schedules, a chapter 7 bankruptcy stays on an individuals credit report for 10 years from the date of filing the chapter 7 petition. This contrasts with a chapter 13 bankruptcy, which stays on a credit report for 7 years from the date of filing the chapter 13 petition. This may make credit less available or may make lending terms less favorable and that must be balanced against the removal of actual debt from the filers record by the bankruptcy, which tends to improve creditworthiness. Consumer credit and creditworthiness is a subject, however
14.
The CW
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Entertainment division of Time Warner, former majority owner of The WB Television Network. The CW name is a derived from the first letters of the names of its two parent corporations. The network made its debut on September 18,2006, after its two predecessors, UPN and The WB, respectively ceased independent operations on September 15 and 17 of that year. The CWs first two nights of programming – on September 18 and 19,2006 – consisted of reruns, the CW marked its formal launch date on September 20,2006, with the two-hour premiere of the seventh cycle of Americas Next Top Model. As of 2008, the programming lineup was intended to appeal mainly to women between the ages of 18 and 34, although starting in 2011 the network increased in programming that appeal to men. The CW is also available in Mexico through affiliates located near the Mexico–U. S, in both countries, some CW affiliates are receivable over-the-air in border areas depending on the stations signal coverage. UPN and The WB both began just as the Fox network had started to secure a foothold with American television audiences, the two networks launched to limited fanfare and generally mediocre to poor results. However, over the subsequent 11 1⁄2 seasons, both were able to air several series that became quite popular, in the eleven years that UPN and The WB were in operation, the two networks lost a combined $2 billion. CBS chairman Leslie Moonves explained that the name of the new network was formed from the first letters of CBS and Warner Bros, joking, like both UPN and The WB, The CW targets its programming towards younger audiences. CBS and Time Warner hoped that combining their networks schedules and affiliate lineups would strengthen The CW into a major broadcast network. The CW launched with a premiere special/launch party from the CBS-produced Entertainment Tonight at Warner Bros, when Top Model made its network premiere on September 20,2006, The CW scored a 3.4 rating/5 share in the Nielsen household ratings. It scored a 2.6 rating among Adults 18–49, finishing fourth in that age demographic, on May 9,2008, The CW announced that it would lease its Sunday lineup to production company Media Rights Capital. With no first-run programming available to run on Sundays as a backup, the network added reruns of The Drew Carey Show and Jericho, the CW has generally struggled in the Nielsen ratings since its inception, primarily placing fifth in all statistics tabulated by Nielsen. On several occasions, The CW has even been outrated by Spanish language network Univision and this had led to speculation within the industry that CBS, Time Warner or both companies could abandon the venture if ratings did not improve. Executives with CBS Corporation and Time Warner also emphasized their commitment to the network and this, in turn, resulted in the discontinuance of the Sunday late afternoon repeat block that The CW inherited from The WB through its use of the predecessor networks scheduling model. Maatta began reporting to Pedowitz as a result of the appointment as network president. Pedowitz revealed that the target demographic of the network would not change. The network also ordered more episodes of its series and ran them consecutively through the first week of December, starting on September 12
15.
The Carrie Diaries (TV Series)
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The Carrie Diaries is an American television teen/period comedy-drama that aired for two seasons on The CW from January 14,2013 to January 31,2014. It is a prequel to the HBO television series Sex and the City, the pilot was picked up by The CW to a series order of 13 episodes in May 2012. Four months into the first season, the network renewed The Carrie Diaires for a second season, in May 2014, The CW canceled the series after two seasons. AnnaSophia Robb as Carrie Bradshaw, The protagonist and voice-over narrator of the series and she is a 16-year-old high school student living in Castlebury, Connecticut, who dreams of being a famous writer. Instead of attending school on one day during the week, she takes an internship at a law firm in New York City which she relishes as a stone in her quest to leave her small town behind her. She left this position to work for Larissa Loughlin at Interview Magazine, towards the end of high school, Larissa offers Carrie a full-time job at Interview Magazine, which she accepts over going to NYU. Unfortunately, when Larissa is fired, so is Carrie and she decides to stay in New York, rather than going to Malibu with Sebastian. In the Season 2 finale, she moves in to Larissas apartment with Samantha, Austin Butler as Sebastian Kydd, The new kid at Castlebury High School and Carries love interest. Sebastian moves to Castlebury after getting kicked out of his old school for having sex with his art history teacher. He lives with his mother who is never around. He and Carrie date during the half of the first season. They are constantly going back and forth from a couple to singles and back, at the end of Season 2, Sebastian moves to Malibu to run his company, and it seems that he and Carrie may have broken up. Ellen Wong as Jill Mouse Chen, Jill is Carries nerdy and sweet best friend from high school and they broke up because both of their grades were getting low. In school, she is an overachiever who is said to be under pressure. Mouse accepts an offer to go to Harvard towards the end of Season 2, Katie Findlay as Maggie Landers, Carries best friend, and Walts sexually active ex-girlfriend. She is a sarcastic and self-assured underachieving student who barely passes her classes and is said to have a home life where her parents neglect. She cares about Carrie, and will sacrifice her own happiness for Carries, Maggie is proposed to by Pete in the last episode of Season 2, and she accepts. Stefania LaVie Owen as Dorrit Bradshaw, Carries troubled, 14-year-old and she openly resents Carrie for being close with their mother, and for not having more time with her
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HBO
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Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
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AnnaSophia Robb
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AnnaSophia Robb is an American actress and model. She has starred in films as Because of Winn-Dixie, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Bridge to Terabithia, Race to Witch Mountain, Soul Surfer. She also played the role of Carrie Bradshaw on The CWs series The Carrie Diaries from 2013 to 2014. Robb was born in Denver, Colorado, the daughter of Janet, a designer, and David Robb. She was named after her maternal great-grandmother, Anna Sophie, and her paternal grandmother, Robb is of Danish, English, Irish, Scottish, and Swedish descent. She grew up in a Christian home and was home-schooled and she started taking an interest in acting and began by performing in front of 500 individuals on her church stage. She competed in dance and gymnastics for four and a half years, in 2009, the Arapahoe Herald reported that she was attending Arapahoe High School in Centennial, Colorado. At age 9, she was scouted by an agent, and she, after several auditions, she was given the opportunity to appear in a commercial, advertising Bratz dolls that would be aired nationally. After appearing in a commercial for McDonalds, Robb had a role in the episode. Her first major role was the character in the television special, Samantha. She wore a brown wig for the role. Robbs two big-screen appearances in 2005 were both adaptations of childrens books. She starred as Opal in Because of Winn-Dixie and as the competitive and rude Violet Beauregarde in Tim Burtons remake of Charlie, the latter was a major box office success worldwide, and helped escalate Robbs popularity among pre-teen audiences. In 2005, Robb was the face of Trad Clothing, helping to design, in 2006, she had a guest role on the cartoon show, Danny Phantom as the voice of Danielle Dani Fenton. Robb played Leslie Burke in Bridge to Terabithia with Josh Hutcherson and she recorded a song for the soundtrack titled, Keep Your Mind Wide Open, and the accompanying video received rotation on the Disney Channel. The song peaked at No.90 on the Billboard Hot 100 during the week of March 1,2007, Robb was a fan of the book before being cast in the role, saying that it touched me in a way I hadnt been touched by a book before. Robb went on to appear in The Reaping, Have Dreams, Will Travel, Jumper, despite negative reviews of the film overall, Robbs performance in Sleepwalking garnered praise. Time film critic Richard Schickel said, There is a range to Robbs work. this is extraordinarily mature acting from someone this young
18.
Freema Agyeman
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In 2013, she made her US television debut on The CWs teen drama The Carrie Diaries as Larissa Loughlin, a style editor at Interview magazine. Other television appearances include Old Jacks Boat, Silent Witness, Agyeman also appeared as Penny in the 2015 film North v South. Her mother, Azar, is Iranian, and her father and they divorced when she was a child. Agyeman has a sister, Leila, and a younger brother. Although her mother is Muslim and her father Methodist, Agyeman grew up to be a practising Roman Catholic, when Agyeman began her professional acting career, she chose to use a different spelling of her birth name, Frema, as her professional name, to avoid pronunciation problems. Before securing the part of Martha Jones, Agyemans most famous role was playing Lola Wise in the revived series of ITV soap opera Crossroads. She also had small guest roles in other TV series such as Casualty, Mile High and The Bill, in 2005, Agyeman played Mary Ogden, a scene of crime officer, in an episode of Silent Witness. Agyeman starred as Nana in the independent film Rulers and Dealers, written, Agyeman auditioned for three roles in the 2006 series of Doctor Who. Agyeman later auditioned for the roles of Esme and Adeola Oshodi, in the Rise of the Cybermen/The Age of Steel and Army of Ghosts, Esme was ultimately cut from the final script, but Agyeman was successful in her audition for Adeola. She filmed her role in the series in December 2005 and appeared on screen as Adeola on 1 July 2006, Agyeman studied dance and practiced horseback riding, martial arts and gymnastics, a fact that the producers exploited in order to provide her with more physically arduous action scenes. The production team were impressed by the versatility shown by Agyeman across her three auditions and called her back as a candidate for the new companion. She attended another audition before a final screen-test with Tenth Doctor actor, Tennant left a reassuring note under the door of Agyemans hotel room, and this helped calm any nerves the actress had. Following extensive speculation on who would replace Billie Piper, Agyeman was confirmed to the press as new companion Martha Jones on 5 July 2006, Agyeman began filming for the third series in August 2006 and finished in March 2007. She made her debut as Martha on 31 March 2007 in the episode Smith. A line of dialogue explains that Adeola was Marthas cousin, Agyeman continued to portray the character Martha throughout every episode of the 2007 series. Agyeman returned as Martha in series 4 for five episodes, following the final episode of the fourth series, Agyeman stated that she would be open to reprising the role. She later returned to the series along with other former cast members to mark David Tennants final appearance in The End of Time. In between series three and series four of Doctor Who, Agyeman appeared in three episodes of series 2 of Doctor Who spin off Torchwood, namely Reset, Dead Man Walking and A Day in the Death
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The Guardian
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The Guardian is a British daily newspaper, known from 1821 until 1959 as the Manchester Guardian. Along with its sister papers The Observer and The Guardian Weekly, The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group, the Scott Trust became a limited company in 2008, with a constitution to maintain the same protections for The Guardian. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than to the benefit of an owner or shareholders, the Guardian is edited by Katharine Viner, who succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. In 2016, The Guardians print edition had a daily circulation of roughly 162,000 copies in the country, behind The Daily Telegraph. The newspaper has an online UK edition as well as two international websites, Guardian Australia and Guardian US, the newspapers online edition was the fifth most widely read in the world in October 2014, with over 42.6 million readers. Its combined print and online editions reach nearly 9 million British readers, notable scoops include the 2011 News International phone hacking scandal, in particular the hacking of murdered English teenager Milly Dowlers phone. The investigation led to the closure of the UKs biggest selling Sunday newspaper, and one of the highest circulation newspapers in the world, in 2016, it led the investigation into the Panama Papers, exposing the then British Prime Minister David Camerons links to offshore bank accounts. The Guardian has been named Newspaper of the Year four times at the annual British Press Awards, the paper is still occasionally referred to by its nickname of The Grauniad, given originally for the purported frequency of its typographical errors. The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by cotton merchant John Edward Taylor with backing from the Little Circle and they launched their paper after the police closure of the more radical Manchester Observer, a paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo Massacre protesters. They do not toil, neither do they spin, but they better than those that do. When the government closed down the Manchester Observer, the champions had the upper hand. The influential journalist Jeremiah Garnett joined Taylor during the establishment of the paper, the prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that it would zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty. Warmly advocate the cause of Reform, endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy and. Support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, in 1825 the paper merged with the British Volunteer and was known as The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer until 1828. The working-class Manchester and Salford Advertiser called the Manchester Guardian the foul prostitute, the Manchester Guardian was generally hostile to labours claims. The Manchester Guardian dismissed strikes as the work of outside agitators –, if an accommodation can be effected, the occupation of the agents of the Union is gone. CP Scott made the newspaper nationally recognised and he was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylors son in 1907. Under Scott, the moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting William Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886
20.
Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
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The Tribune-Review Publishing Company was owned by Richard Mellon Scaife, an heir to the Mellon banking, oil, and aluminum fortune, until his death in July 2014. Scaife was a major funder of organizations, including the Arkansas Project. Accordingly, the Tribune-Review has maintained a conservative stance, contrasting with the more liberal Post-Gazette. In addition to its paper, the company publishes 17 weekly community newspapers. The paper first began as the Gazette on August 22,1811, after a series of name changes and mergers it became the Greensburg Daily Tribune in 1889. In 1924, it and the Greensburg Morning Review, launched by David J. Berry in 1903, both papers continued separate publication until 1955, when they merged to form the Greensburg Tribune-Review. Scaife bought the Tribune-Review in 1970, Scaife was a decade early in trying to unarm the Post-Gazette. In 1981–82, he started a short-lived eastern suburbs paper, The Daily-Sunday Tribune, the Tribune-Review owns several satellite papers that insert or surround the regional publication with neighborhood specific stories. The Valley News Dispatch, of Pittsburgh suburbs Tarentum and New Kensington is one such satellite, local journalism student John Filo worked for the publication while attending nearby Kent State University and served as the Valley News Dispatchs correspondent of the Kent State shootings. His photography that day has ascended to iconic status and won the paper its only Pulitzer Prize, over time, it became a stand-alone newspaper headquartered on Pittsburghs North Side. In late 1997, Scaifes NewsWorks facility opened in the North Hills, nine months after purchasing the North Hills News Record from Gannett Company, Tribune-Review Publishing Co. announced the paper would be merged with the Pittsburgh Trib. The News Record was most successful during the strike of the early 1990s. At its demise, the North Hills News Record had a circulation of more than 16,000. In early 2000, the Trib announced the News Record name would retire after more than two years of a combined Tribune-Review/North Hills News Record banner, North Hills coverage would be wrapped into the Tribs neighborhoods section. In 2000, the Trib announced it would stop producing the twice-weekly Irwin-based paper, citing a sagging economy, the Trib laid off more than four percent of its workforce in 2003, including freelance writers. More shakeups continued in 2005 as circulation numbers dropped and a top official left, an online message board featured back and forth fights between Pittsburgh and Greensburg employees. The merged papers include the Tribune-Review of Greensburg, the Valley News Dispatch of Tarentum, The Leader-Times of Kittanning, The Daily Courier of Connellsville, the Valley Independent, the only paper with a unionized newsroom and contract, was not affected. Two managers were laid off
21.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
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CNN
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The Cable News Network is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. It was founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner as a 24-hour cable news channel, upon its launch, CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage, and was the first all-news television channel in the United States. While the news channel has numerous affiliates, CNN primarily broadcasts from the Time Warner Center in New York City and its headquarters at the CNN Center in Atlanta is only used for weekend programming. CNN is sometimes referred to as CNN/U. S. to distinguish the American channel from its sister network. As of August 2010, CNN is available in over 100 million U. S. households, broadcast coverage of the U. S. channel extends to over 890,000 American hotel rooms, as well as carriage on cable and satellite providers throughout Canada. Globally, CNN programming airs through CNN International, which can be seen by viewers in over 212 countries and territories, as of February 2015, CNN is available to about 96,289,000 cable, satellite, and telco television households in the United States. The Cable News Network was launched at 5,00 p. m. Eastern Time on June 1,1980, after an introduction by Ted Turner, the husband and wife team of David Walker and Lois Hart anchored the channels first newscast. Burt Reinhardt, the vice president of CNN at its launch, hired most of the channels first 200 employees, including the networks first news anchor. Since its debut, CNN has expanded its reach to a number of cable and satellite providers, several websites. The company has 36 bureaus, more than 900 affiliated local stations, the channels success made a bona-fide mogul of founder Ted Turner and set the stage for conglomerate Time Warners eventual acquisition of the Turner Broadcasting System in 1996. A companion channel, CNN2, was launched on January 1,1982, on January 28,1986, CNN carried the only live television coverage of the launch and subsequent break-up of Space Shuttle Challenger, which killed all seven crew members on board. On October 14,1987, Jessica McClure, an 18-month-old toddler, fell down a well in Midland, CNN quickly reported on the story, and the event helped make its name. This was before correspondents reported live from the capital while American bombs were falling. Before Saddam Hussein held a press conference with a few of the hundreds of Americans he was holding hostage. Before the nation watched, riveted but powerless, as Los Angeles was looted and burned, before O. J. Simpson took a slow ride in a white Bronco, and before everyone close to his case had an agent and a book contract. This was uncharted territory just a time ago. The moment when bombing began was announced on CNN by Bernard Shaw on January 16,1991, as follows, lets describe to our viewers what were seeing. The skies over Baghdad have been illuminated, were seeing bright flashes going off all over the sky
23.
The New York Post
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New York Post is an American daily newspaper, primarily distributed in New York City and its surrounding area. It is the 13th-oldest and seventh-most-widely circulated newspaper in the United States, established in 1801 by federalist and Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, it became a respected broadsheet in the 19th century, under the name New York Evening Post. The modern version of the paper is published in tabloid format, in 1976, Rupert Murdoch bought Post for US$30.5 million. Since 1993, Post has been owned by News Corporation and its successor, News Corp and its editorial offices are located at 1211 Avenue of the Americas. New York Post, established on November 16,1801 as New-York Evening Post, the Hartford Courant, believed to be the oldest continuously published newspaper, was founded in 1764 as a semi-weekly paper, it did not begin publishing daily until 1836. The New Hampshire Gazette, which has trademarked its claim of being The Nations Oldest Newspaper, was founded in 1756, moreover, since the 1890s it has been published only for weekends. Post was founded by Alexander Hamilton with about US$10,000 from a group of investors in the autumn of 1801 as New-York Evening Post, the meeting at which Hamilton first recruited investors for the new paper took place in the then-country weekend villa that is now Gracie Mansion. Hamilton chose William Coleman as his first editor, the most famous 19th-century New-York Evening Post editor was the poet and abolitionist William Cullen Bryant. So well respected was New-York Evening Post under Bryants editorship, it received praise from the English philosopher John Stuart Mill, in the summer of 1829, Bryant invited William Leggett, the Locofoco Democrat, to write for the paper. There, in addition to literary and drama reviews, Leggett began to write political editorials, leggetts classical liberal philosophy entailed a fierce opposition to central banking, a support for voluntary labor unions, and a dedication to laissez-faire economics. He was a member of the Equal Rights Party, Leggett became a co-owner and editor at Post in 1831, eventually working as sole editor of the newspaper while Bryant traveled in Europe in 1834 through 1835. Another co-owner of the paper was John Bigelow, from 1849 to 1861, he was one of the editors and co-owners of New York Evening Post. In 1881 Henry Villard took control of New-York Evening Post, as well as The Nation, with this acquisition, the paper was managed by the triumvirate of Carl Schurz, Horace White, and Edwin L. Godkin. When Schurz left the paper in 1883, Godkin became editor-in-chief, White became editor-in-chief in 1899, and remained in that role until his retirement in 1903. Villard sold the paper in 1918, after allegations of pro-German sympathies during World War I hurt its circulation. The new owner was Thomas Lamont, a partner in the Wall Street firm of J. P. Morgan & Co. Conservative Cyrus H. K. Curtis—publisher of the Ladies Home Journal—purchased New-York Evening Post in 1924, in 1934, J. David Stern purchased the paper, changed its name to New York Post, and restored its broadsheet size and liberal perspective. In 1939, Dorothy Schiff purchased the paper and her husband, George Backer, was named editor and publisher
24.
Campbell's Soup Cans
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Campbells Soup Cans, which is sometimes referred to as 32 Campbells Soup Cans, is a work of art produced in 1962 by Andy Warhol. The individual paintings were produced by a printmaking method—the semi-mechanized screen printing process, Campbells Soup Cans reliance on themes from popular culture helped to usher in pop art as a major art movement in the United States. The exhibition marked the West Coast debut of pop art, in the United States the abstract expressionism art movement was dominant during the post-war period, and it held not only to fine art values and aesthetics but also to a mystical inclination. This controversy led to a deal of debate about the merits. Warhols motives as an artist were questioned, and they continue to be topical to this day, the large public commotion helped transform Warhol from being an accomplished 1950s commercial illustrator to a notable fine artist, and it helped distinguish him from other rising pop artists. Although commercial demand for his paintings was not immediate, Warhols association with the led to his name becoming synonymous with the Campbells Soup Can paintings. Today, the Campbells Soup cans theme is used in reference to the original set of paintings as well as the later Warhol drawings and paintings depicting Campbells Soup cans. Warhol arrived in New York City in 1949, directly from the School of Fine Arts at Carnegie Institute of Technology and he quickly achieved success as a commercial illustrator, and his first published drawing appeared in the Summer 1949 issue of Glamour Magazine. In 1952, he had his first art show at the Bodley Gallery with a display of Truman Capote-inspired works. His process, which foreshadowed his later work, involved pressing wet ink illustrations against adjoining paper, during the 1950s, he had regular showings of his drawings, and exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art. In 1960, Warhol began producing his first canvases, which he based on comic strip subjects, in late 1961, he learned the process of silkscreening from Floriano Vecchi, who had run the Tiber Press since 1953. Though the process begins with a stencil drawing, it often evolves from a blown up photograph which is then transferred with glue onto silk. In either case, one needs to produce a version of a positive two-dimensional image. Usually, the ink is rolled across the medium so that it passes through the silk, Campbells Soup cans were among Warhols first silkscreen productions, the first were U. S. dollar bills. The pieces were made from stencils, one for each color, Warhol did not begin to convert photographs to silkscreens until after the original series of Campbells Soup cans had been produced. Castelli had visited Warhols gallery in 1961 and said that the work he saw there was too similar to Lichtensteins, although Warhols and Lichtensteins comic artwork differed in subject and techniques. Castelli chose not to represent both artists at that time, but he would, in 1964, exhibit Warhol works such as reproductions of Campbells Tomato Juice Box,1964 and he would again exhibit Warhols work in 1966. Warhol was considering returning to the Bodley gallery, but the Bodleys director did not like his pop art works
25.
Marilyn Diptych
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The Marilyn Diptych is a silkscreen painting by American pop artist Andy Warhol. The piece is one of the artists most noted works, and it has been praised by several critics such as Camille Paglia. The original piece is currently owned by the Tate, the work was completed during the weeks after Marilyn Monroes death in August 1962. It contains fifty images of the actress, which are all based on a publicity photograph from the film Niagara. The twenty-five pictures on the side of the diptych are brightly colored, while the twenty-five on the right are in black. It has been suggested that the relation between the side of the canvas and the right side of the canvas is evocative of the relation between the celebritys life and death. The piece is currently owned by the Tate, in a December 2,2004 article in The Guardian, the painting was named the third most influential piece of modern art in a survey of 500 artists, critics, and others. The piece is currently on display at the Tate Modern, as part of the exhibition, Witty, Sexy, Gimmicky, Pop 1957-67
26.
Men in Her Life (painting)
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Men in Her Life is a 1962 painting by Andy Warhol. It is a black and white painting inspired by the life of Elizabeth Taylor and it is a series of photos picturing the most important men in the life of Elizabeth Taylor, including her third husband Mike Todd and her future husband Eddie Fisher. The painting was sold for $63.4 million in 2010 by Phillips de Pury & Co, the final sum was a surprise even for the organizers, which evaluated the painting at 40 million dollars initially. The name of the winner was not disclosed to the public
27.
Eight Elvises
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Eight Elvises is a 1963 silkscreen painting by American pop artist Andy Warhol of Elvis Presley. In 2008 it was sold by Annibale Berlingieri for $100 million to a private buyer, the current owner and location of the painting, which has not been seen publicly since the 1960s, are unknown. Eight Elvises is composed of eight identical, overlapping images of Elvis Presley in cowboy attire, the painting was originally a portion of a 37-foot long piece, containing sixteen copies of Elvis, that was showcased in a 1963 exhibition at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles. The exhibition, Warhols second at the Ferus, contained several other pieces using the image of Elvis. The images of Elvis were taken from a publicity still from the movie Flaming Star, when the gallery was dismantled, the section with eight images of Elvis became a distinct piece, measuring 6 1⁄2 by 12 feet. While Warhol created 22 versions of the painting with two Elvises on it, known as Double Elvis, only one piece titled Eight Elvises was created. In 2008 Eight Elvises was sold by Annibale Berlingieri, who had owned it for 40 years, news of the sale, which was not announced publicly at the time, was broken by art writer Sarah Thornton and published in The Economist in late 2009. The deal was brokered by Philippe Ségalot, a New York-based art dealer, the current location of the painting is unknown. Another painting from 1963, Silver Car Crash, broke the record for a Warhol work set by Eight Elvises when it sold for $105 million at auction in November 2013. Triple Elvis List of most expensive paintings McCarthy, David, Andy Warhols Silver Elvises, Meaning through Context at the Ferus Gallery in 1963
28.
Ethel Scull 36 Times
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It was Warhols first commissioned work. The work consists of four rows of nine columns, depicting Ethel Redner Scull. The artwork is owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Ethel Scull was born in The Bronx, New York City in 1921 and her father was a wealthy taxi company owner. Robert Scull was born in New York City to Russian immigrant parents who had anglicized their name from Sokolnikoff. His childhood was spent in the Lower East Side of Manhattan and his interest in modern art began when he visited the Metropolitan Museum of Art as a ten-year-old boy. Ethel Redner met Robert Scull, who was then a freelance illustrator, when Ethels father retired, he distributed shares of his business to his three sons-in-law. Robert Scull was one of the beneficiaries, and built up a prosperous business, Robert Scull bought every work in Jasper Johns first exhibition. Ethel Scull 36 Times was Robert Sculls present to Ethel Scull on her 42nd birthday, once questioned by an interviewer regarding accusations that he and his wife bought art for investment and for social climbing, Robert Scull replied, Its all true. Id rather use art to climb than anything else, the summit of this social ascension was Ethel Sculls shaming introduction to the Duke of Windsor, she remained seated, merely raising her hand to be taken. In early 1963 Robert Scull asked Warhol to paint a portrait of his wife after the style of the Marilyn Diptych, at the time, this was at the height of the Sculls fame. Warhol took Ethel Scull to a Times Square photo booth and prompted her to take 300 black, Warhol told her jokes in an effort to make her photographs more candid. One hand-colored photo-strip from the session is in the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum and it has been reported that Warhol made around 1,000 portraits, many of them commissioned. In 1974 he accepted a commission from Gunther Sachs to paint Sachs then wife Brigitte Bardot, other commissioned works include a 1985 portrait of Lana Turner paid for by the actress herself. Ethel Scull 36 Times was Warhols first commissioned portrait and the point in his business in making portraits at the request of wealthy celebrities. Warhols earlier depictions of people were created from pictures in printed media, a movie poster was used for the Marilyn Diptych. Ethel Scull 36 Times was the first time Warhol created an artwork directly from photographs, after divorcing his wife, Robert Scull claimed ownership of the painting. Ethel Scull claimed the art work was a given to her by her then husband
29.
Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster)
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Silver Car Crash is a 1963 serigraph by the American artist Andy Warhol. In November 2013 it sold for $105m at auction, setting a new highest price for a work by Warhol, silver Car Crash depicts a body twisted in the mangled interior of a silver car. It was printed by Andy Warhol at the age of 35 and it is the last serigraph of the artist that was left in private hands. The serigraph is 8 by 13 feet in dimensions, and it was displayed only once in public during the last 26 years, the art masterpiece was held by a European collector for 20 years. In November 2013, five bidders fought for the serigraph in an auction of art works organized by Sothebys. The name of the winner was never disclosed to the public, the final price was above the expectations of the organizers, because the serigraph was estimated at $60-80 million. The price broke the record paid for a Warhol serigraph. Eight Elvises List of most expensive paintings
30.
Green Car Crash
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Green Car Crash is a painting by the American artist Andy Warhol. On May 16,2007 at 7 P. M, it sold for $71. 7m at auction, green Car Crash is one of the representative paintings of the Pop Culture. It is a part of the Death and Disaster series painted by Andy Warhol in 1963, the painting is attributed to Warhol himself, but it is assumed that his assistant Gerard Malanga had a huge contribution to this creation. Green Car Crash is one of the highly valued paintings of this collection, green Car Crash was finished in 1963. It was inspired by photographs taken by John Whitehead and published in the Newsweek magazine. The car was pursued by the Seattle police, the driver lost control of the wheel at 60 miles per hour, crashing into a utility pole. Green Car Crash is the only Warhol Burning Car painting of five to utilize a color other than black, green Car Crash was privately owned for more than 30 years, and when it was put up for sale in 2007, it generated a huge amount of interest. By that time, it set a new record for an Andy Warhol creation and it was a huge sum compared with the pre-auction estimation of only $25 million. The record was broken in 2013, when painting of the collection
31.
Suicide (Purple Jumping Man)
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Suicide is a 1963 silkscreen painting by American pop artist, Andy Warhol. It is currently in the collection of the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art in Tehran, Suicide was among the paintings that Tony Shafrazi, the Iranian-born American art dealer, bought for the collection of this museum. At that time, Andy Warhol was interested in the idea and painted portraits of the king, Suicide depicts two images in sequence, recorded by a documentary photographer, silk-screened in black ink on a purple ground. According to Tony Shafrazi, Suicide is one of the greatest works of Warhol, Shafrazi estimates the paintings value at 70 million dollars. Tehran exhibition reveals citys hidden Warhol and Hockney treasures, the Life & the Work, Art and Biography. The New York Times - Breaking News, World News & Multimedia
32.
Exploding Plastic Inevitable
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In December 1966 Warhol included a one-off magazine called The Plastic Exploding Inevitable as part of the Aspen No.3 package. The Exploding Plastic Inevitable had its beginnings in an event staged on January 13,1966 and this event, called Up-Tight, included performances by the Velvet Underground and Nico, along with Malanga and Edie Sedgwick as dancers and Barbara Rubin as a performance artist. Shows were also held in The Gymnasium in New York and in cities throughout the United States. Andy Warhols lights engineer Danny Williams pioneered many innovations that have become standard practice in rock music light shows. From May 27–29 the EPI played The Fillmore in San Francisco, at Bill Grahams request he was soon to come back and build more
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Portrait of Seymour H. Knox
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Portrait of Seymour H. Knox is a 1985 portrait by Andy Warhol of Seymour H. Knox II. This is one of a number of celebrity portraits that Warhol produced in this duplicative multicolored style, many were produced in his early 1960s silkscreen period. Some of the major celebrity portraits of this style include those of Elvis Presley, Elizabeth Taylor, Marilyn Monroe, Jacqueline Kennedy, Mao Zedong and he also produced similar style works of several other minor celebrities. Albright-Knox Art Gallery Page The American Museum Images from Cartography Associates webpage
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