Invitation to William
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The Invitation to William was a letter sent by seven Englishmen, later referred to as "the Immortal Seven", to stadtholder William III, Prince of Orange, dated 30 June 1688. In England, the heir appar
Henry Sydney, author of the letter
Glorious Revolution
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The Glorious Revolution was the deposition of King James II in November 1688. He was replaced by his daughter Mary II and her Dutch husband, James's nephew William III of Orange. The two ruled as join
Invitation to William
…and identified by a secret code. The invitation caused William to carry out his existing plans to land with a large Dutch army, culminating in the Glorious Revolution during which James was deposed and replaced by William and Mary as joint rulers. William and Mary had previously asked for such an invitation when…
The Prince of Orange landing at Torbay as depicted in an illustration by Johan Herman Isings
The sailing order of the Dutch fleet
James II and VII, King of England, Scotland and Ireland. Portrait of James II by Godfrey Kneller, National Portrait Gallery, 1684
James's attempts to allow tolerance for English Catholics coincided with the October 1685 Edict of Fontainebleau revoking it for Huguenots.