Ionosphere
Videos
The ionosphere is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about 48 km to 965 km above sea level, a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The
Overview of ionosphere phenomena
Electric currents created in sunward ionosphere.
The High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program is a University of Alaska Fairbanks program which researches the ionosphere – the highest, ionized part of Earth's atmosphere. The most prominent ins
Ionosphere
…series. In the early 1930s, test transmissions of Radio Luxembourg inadvertently provided evidence of the first radio modification of the ionosphere; HAARP ran a series of experiments in 2017 using the eponymous Luxembourg Effect. Edward V. Appleton was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1947 for his confirmation…
Aerial view of the HAARP site, looking towards Mount Sanford, Alaska
HAARP antenna array
HAARP Antenna Array Transmitter Buildings in 2016