1.
Disasterpieces
–
Disasterpieces is the second video album by American metal band Slipknot. The concert was filmed by 26 cameras, including a camera on the headstock of Mick Thomsons guitar, the show was edited in part by band member Shawn Crahan who watched all of the footage recorded from the show. Disasterpieces was met with critical reception, with many citing the quick editing. In 2005, the DVD was certified platinum by the RIAA and is the bands highest-selling DVD to date. The concert was shot with 26 different cameras under the direction of Matthew Amos and documents the show, backstage action, the concept behind these cameras was to allow the viewer to see the show from the band members point of view. However they did cause some discomfort and problems for some band members, bassist Paul Gray removed his after four songs, explaining that they gave us this big pack to wear around our waist. So when I was jumping around, the thing started sliding down my leg. Also during the song Spit It Out DJ Sid Wilson had his camera stolen when he was in the crowd, however it was returned at the end of the show, the performance was edited by percussionist Shawn Crahan and Paul Richardson. Additional content on the set includes all music videos by the band at the time of release and the track Purity. The DVD was unveiled at a screening in New York City on November 1,2002 and was released on November 22. Disasterpieces was generally received by critics. Kirk Miller of Rolling Stone complimented the multitude of angles and quick edits. Ottawa XPress reviewer Mitch Joel wrote that the sound was mixed perfectly, songs like People = Shit, Spit It Out and Surfacing rocket. Overall, he concluded, Disasterpieces is an awesome and all-embracing package, Disasterpieces peaked at number 3 in the Billboard Top Music Videos chart and rose to number 1 in Finland. On January 6,2003 the RIAA certified Disasterpieces platinum in the United States and it was honored with a 2002 Metal Edge Readers Choice Award for DVD/Home Video of the Year. Aside from their names, members of the band are referred to by numbers zero through eight. Disasterpieces at the Internet Movie Database
2.
Disasterpeace
–
Richard Vreeland, better known by his stage name Disasterpeace, is an American composer and musician. He first got started in music after learning the guitar in high school, known for his work as a chiptune artist, Vreeland stepped into film score composition with the 2015 film It Follows. Vreelands first introduction to music was as a child, growing up in Staten Island and he spent a great deal of time learning from his step-father, who was a trained musician. In an interview, Vreeland stated As a child, I was mesmerized by drums and my step-father was the music director of our church and they would have band practice in the basement. Many of my fondest memories are of going there to jam away on the drums. Vreeland composed Fezs chiptune-esque electronic soundtrack, despite his background in chiptune, Vreeland limited his use of that genres mannerisms in the score. He worked with soft pads and reverb to push the score closer to an 80s synthesizer sound. He also reduced reliance on percussion and incorporated distortion techniques like bitcrushing, Vreeland opted for slower passages with varying tempos that could ebb, flow, and breathe with the player. He left some portions of Fez without music, Vreeland worked on its soundtrack at night for about 14 months while scoring Shoot Many Robots, and Brandon McCartin of Aquaria contributed the games sound effects. In 2014, Vreeland produced the soundtrack for David Robert Mitchells sophomore film It Follows, after being approached by Mitchell, Disasterpeace composed the soundtrack for Hyper Light Drifter, a game developed by Heart Machine in 2016. The score follows Disasterpeaces previous soundtrack work and was listed as One of the year’s best scores, in any medium by FACT
3.
Iowa
–
Iowa is a U. S. state in the Midwestern United States, bordered by the Mississippi River on the east and the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River on the west. Surrounding states include Wisconsin and Illinois to the east, Missouri to the south, Nebraska and South Dakota to the west, in colonial times, Iowa was a part of French Louisiana and Spanish Louisiana, its state flag is patterned after the flag of France. After the Louisiana Purchase, people laid the foundation for an economy in the heart of the Corn Belt. Iowa is the 26th most extensive in area and the 30th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital and largest city by population is Des Moines, Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states in which to live. Its nickname is the Hawkeye State, Iowa derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many Native American tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa is bordered by the Mississippi River on the east, the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River on the west, Iowa is the only state whose east and west borders are formed entirely by rivers. Iowa has 99 counties, but 100 county seats because Lee County has two, the state capital, Des Moines, is in Polk County. Iowas bedrock geology generally increases in age from west to east, in northwest Iowa, Cretaceous bedrock can be 74 million years old, in eastern Iowa Cambrian bedrock dates to c.500 million years ago. Iowa is generally not flat, most of the consists of rolling hills. Iowa can be divided into eight landforms based on glaciation, soils, topography, Loess hills lie along the western border of the state, some of which are several hundred feet thick. Northeast Iowa along the Mississippi River is part of the Driftless Zone, consisting of steep hills, several natural lakes exist, most notably Spirit Lake, West Okoboji Lake, and East Okoboji Lake in northwest Iowa. To the east lies Clear Lake, man-made lakes include Lake Odessa, Saylorville Lake, Lake Red Rock, Coralville Lake, Lake MacBride, and Rathbun Lake. The states northwest area has remnants of the once common wetlands. Iowas natural vegetation is tallgrass prairie and savanna in areas, with dense forest and wetlands in flood plains and protected river valleys. Most of Iowa is used for agriculture, crops cover 60% of the state, grasslands cover 30%, as of 2005 Iowa ranked 49th of U. S. states in public land holdings. Endangered or threatened plants include western prairie fringed orchid, eastern prairie fringed orchid, Meads milkweed, prairie bush clover, the explosion in the number of high-density livestock facilities in Iowa has led to increased rural water contamination and a decline in air quality. Iowa has a continental climate throughout the state
4.
Album
–
Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
5.
Slipknot (band)
–
Slipknot is an American heavy metal band from Des Moines, Iowa. The band was founded in September 1995 by percussionist Shawn Crahan, Gray died on May 24,2010, and was replaced from 2011–2014 by former guitarist Donnie Steele. Jordison left the band on December 12,2013, Steele left during the recording sessions for.5, The Gray Chapter. The band is now touring with replacement musicians Alessandro Venturella on bass, Slipknot is well known for its attention-grabbing image, aggressive style of music, and energetic and chaotic live shows. The band rapidly rose to success following the release of their eponymous album in 1999. The 2001 follow-up album, Iowa, although darker in tone, after another long hiatus, Slipknot released its fifth studio album.5, The Gray Chapter, in 2014. The band has released an album titled 9.0, Live, a compilation album titled Antennas to Hell. In 2015, Slipknot headlined the Download Festival in the UK for the third time, in the years before Slipknot formed, a state of shifting band membership existed throughout the metal scene in Des Moines, Iowa. In 1991, the biggest metal band in Des Moines was Atomic Opera, drummer Joey Jordison founded a thrash metal band called Modifidious, playing at a club called Runway. Modifidious opened for Atomic Opera on December 1,1991, at the Runway, Jordison replaced him with local guitarist Craig Jones. Drummer Shawn Crahan formed another Des Moines band called Heads on the Wall, playing funk metal cover songs at clubs, a fourth Des Moines band called Vexx played death metal with Anders Colsefni on drums, Paul Gray on bass, and Josh Brainard on guitar and vocals. Colsefni later took over vocal duties, but Vexx never recorded, during this time, Crahan often went to the Runway on Sundays when the club opened to all ages, where he met other young musicians with whom he could jam. One of the songs recorded was titled Slipknot, another was titled Painface. In 1993, a new band called Inveigh Catharsis formed in Des Moines, with Gray on bass, Brainard on guitar, Jordison jammed occasionally with this group. Brainard eventually left to join Jordison and Jones in Modifidious, participating in demo recordings at the end of 93, during 1994 Modifidious sometimes played the same shows as Crahans Heads on the Wall band. Gray formed a metal band called Body Pit, soon becoming popular in the local scene. Modifidious stopped playing in the wake of death metals increasing pull, Gray failed to get Jordison to join Body Pit, but soon after he recruited local guitar teacher Mick Thomson, the band broke up. In September 1995, Crahan and Gray started a band named the Pale Ones, the lineup was made up of friends who met through the local music scene, including vocalist Colsefni and guitarist Donnie Steele
6.
Sound City Studios
–
Sound City Studios was a recording studio incorporated in 1969, located in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California, USA. The facility had previously been a factory of the British musical instrument manufacturer. Sound City contributed its signature sound to more than a hundred certified gold. The studio was held from 1970, until it closed its commercial studio services in May 2011. It is now reserved for the use of its tenants. Dave Grohl, former Nirvana drummer and current frontman of Foo Fighters, purchased the Neve Electronics 8028 Console from Studio A, in 2013, a documentary on the studio was made by Grohl simply titled Sound City. The studio was run by Joe Gottfried and Tom Skeeter, two guys who wanted to start a company and got into artist management. During 1969, Sound City hosted the David Briggs productions Twelve Dreams of Dr. Sardonicus by Spirit, on a more infamous note, cult leader Charles Manson made some recordings in Studio B, just a few months before the Manson family crime spree in the Summer of 1969. In the 1970s, Neil Young, Dr. John, Spirit, Crazy Horse, Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, along with other bands recorded music at the studio. Shelter Records founders Leon Russell and Denny Cordell found an L. A. home at Sound City as well, recording Leon Russell, Delaney & Bonnie, and Joe Cocker. In 1976, Fleetwood Mac recorded one track at the studio, Never Going Back Again, from what would one of the highest selling and most critically acclaimed albums of all time. During the 1980s and 1990s, the studio was used to produce works from Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, Rick Springfield, Ronnie James Dio, Foreigner, The Black Crowes, and Nirvana. Record producer Rick Rubin chose Sound City Recording Studios to record artists like Red Hot Chili Peppers and he most recently recorded Metallicas Death Magnetic, which entered the Billboard Top 200 chart at number 1, at the studio. Joe Gottfried died in 1992, at the age of 65, Tom Skeeter died on 12 September 2014, at the age of 82. Sound City Studios prided themselves on having a particular sound when it came to recording drums. Studio drummer and Toto member, Jeff Porcaro, insisted that you only had to set up the drums in order to get a drum sound. Guitars sound pretty much the same everywhere, says famed producer Rick Rubin, but drums change from room to room, based upon this sample, the band chose Sound City Studios to record Death Magnetic. In addition, when asked by Nine Inch Nails to be a guest drummer on some songs, Dave Grohl agreed only if the songs were to be recorded at Sound City Studios
7.
Van Nuys
–
Van Nuys /vænˈnaɪz/ is a neighborhood in the central San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles, California. The town was founded in 1911, and named for Isaac Newton Van Nuys and it was annexed by Los Angeles on May 22,1915, after completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct, providing it with the water required for further growth. Van Nuys was the first new stop on the San Fernando Line of the Pacific Electric Railway red cars system, which boosted its early land sales and commercial success. In 1991 Marvin Braude, a member of the Los Angeles City Council and this redesignated area included the community of Magnolia Woods. Some area residents had presented a petition and several original deeds that stated Sherman Oaks to Braude and they argued that the area was originally a part of Sherman Oaks until the 1960s, when ZIP codes labeling the area as Van Nuys were established. In 2014, A Great Streets project was introduced by Mayor Eric Garcetti with Van Nuys Blvd. to be redesigned between Victory Blvd. and Oxnard Street, also, Sepulveda Blvd. was resurfaced between Victory Blvd and Oxnard Street in May 2014. A new Los Angeles County services building is under construction on the southwest corner of Van Nuys Blvd. on February 14,2016, some 170 firefighters battled a fire at the abandoned Voyager Motel at 6500 N. Sepulveda Blvd. The 2000 U. S. census counted 103,770 residents in the 8. 99-square-mile Van Nuys neighborhood—or 11,542 people per square mile, in 2008, the city estimated that the population had increased to 110,747. In 2000 the median age for residents was 28, considered young for city and county neighborhoods, the neighborhood was considered moderately diverse ethnically within Los Angeles. The breakdown was Hispanics,60. 5%, whites,23. 1%, Asians,6. 4%, blacks, 6%, and others, 4%. Mexico and El Salvador were the most common places of birth for the 49. 8% of the residents who were born abroad—a high percentage for Los Angeles. There were 4,917 families headed by single parents, or 21. 3%, the median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $41,134, considered average for the city but low for the county. The percentages of households that earned $40,000 or less were high for the county, renters occupied 73. 9% of the housing stock, and house- or apartment-owners held 26. 1%. Van Nuys Airport Van Nuys Boulevard Metro Orange Line bicycle path Van Nuys FlyAway Bus service Galpin Auto Sports — Pimp My Ride. Sound City Studios Los Angeles Fire Department operates Station 39, Station 90 Van Nuys Airport Area, Station 100 West Van Nuys, the Los Angeles Police Department operates the nearby Van Nuys Community Police Station at 6420 Sylmar Avenue,91401, serving the neighborhood. The U. S. Census Bureau operates the Los Angeles Regional Office in Van Nuys, the Social Security Administration operates a branch office on Van Nuys Boulevard north of Victory Boulevard in Van Nuys. The Van Nuys Recreation Area is in Van Nuys, the area has an auditorium and gymnasium with a capacity of 420 people, and a multipurpose/community room with a capacity of 20–25 people. The Van Nuys adjacent Sepulveda Basin Recreation Area to the west is an open space park behind Sepulveda Dam
8.
Los Angeles
–
Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
9.
California
–
California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
10.
Nu metal
–
Nu metal is a form of alternative metal that combines elements of heavy metal music with elements of other music genres such as hip hop, alternative rock, funk and grunge. Nu metal bands have drawn elements and influences from a variety of musical styles, Nu metal rarely features guitar solos, the genre is heavily syncopated and based on guitar riffs. Many nu metal guitarists use seven-string guitars that are down-tuned to play a heavier sound, DJs are occasionally featured in nu metal to provide instrumentation such as sampling, turntable scratching and electronic backgrounds. Vocal styles in nu metal include singing, rapping, screaming and growling, Nu metal is one of the key genres of the New Wave of American Heavy Metal. Nu metal became popular in the late 1990s with bands and artists such as Korn, Limp Bizkit, Slipknot, many heavy metal fans have criticized nu metal, and do not regard it as true heavy metal. Many nu metal musicians have rejected the nu metal label and also have rejected being labeled as heavy metal, Nu metal is also known as nü-metal and aggro-metal. It is a subgenre of alternative metal, MTV states that the early nu metal group Korn arrived in 1993 into the burgeoning alternative metal scene, which would morph into nü-metal the way college rock became alternative rock. Stereogum has similarly claimed that nu metal was a outgrowth of the Lollapalooza-era alt-metal scene. Nu metal merges elements of metal music with elements of other music genres such as grunge, hip hop, funk. Nu metal bands also are influenced by and use elements of genres of metal music such as death metal, rap metal, groove metal, funk metal, alternative metal. Some nu metal bands such as Static-X and Dope made nu metal music elements of industrial metal. Nu metal music is heavily syncopated and is based mostly on guitar riffs, mid-song bridges and a general lack of guitar solos contrasts it with other genres of heavy metal. N its efforts to tune down and simplify riffs, nu-metal effectively drove a stake through the heart of the guitar solo. Another contrast with other metal genres is nu metals emphasis on rhythm, rather than on complexity or mood. The wah pedal is occasionally featured in nu metal music, Nu metal guitar riffs occasionally are similar to death metal guitar riffs. Nu metal bassists and drummers are often influenced by funk and hip hop, respectively, blast beats, which are common in heavy metal subgenres such as black metal and death metal, are extremely rare in nu metal. sound a Mack truck being crushed by a collapsing skyscraper. Some nu metal bands use seven-string guitars that are generally down-tuned, likewise, some bass guitarists use five-string and six-string instruments. Bass guitar-playing in nu metal often features an emphasis on elements such as slap bass, a percussive style of playing in which the thumb slaps the low strings
11.
Roadrunner Records
–
Roadrunner Records is a major record label that concentrates primarily on heavy metal and hard rock bands. It is a division of Warner Music Group and is based in New York City, the label was launched in 1980 in the Netherlands. Roadrunners initial business was importing North American metal-band recordings into Europe, in 1986, Roadrunner opened its US headquarters in New York City and later opened offices in the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, Australia, Denmark, Russia and the latest in Canada. Early successes included albums from King Diamond and Annihilator, the label also handled early Metallica releases in the Scandinavian region. The end of the 1980s saw the release of two albums that are now considered classics of their genres, Obituarys Slowly We Rot. The 1990s saw the arrival of such as Life of Agony, Machine Head, Suffocation, Type O Negative. As the 1990s wore on, several of Roadrunners bands managed to make an impact on the mainstream, most notably Sepultura, Sepulturas 1993 album, Chaos A. D. became the first Roadrunner band to crack the Top 40 on the Billboard album chart. Type O Negative became the first Roadrunner band to receive a certification from the RIAA, this was a Gold award for the 1993 album Bloody Kisses, the band also became the first Roadrunner band to receive radio play. In 2000, Slipknot became the first Roadrunner band to go Platinum, nickelback were also very successful on the label. Derek Shulman ran the label in the late 90s, beginning in 2001, Roadrunner was distributed by the Universal Music Group through a share of the label owned by The Island Def Jam Music Group. On December 18,2006, Warner Music Group signed an agreement to purchase a majority in shares of Roadrunner Records parent company and this deal became finalized on January 29,2007 after receiving regulatory approval in Germany. On June 11,2008, Roadrunner Records was voted as the Best Metal Label by Metal Hammer at their Golden Gods Awards, the award was accepted by Sharon Den Adel and Ruud Jolie of Within Temptation, one of Roadrunners biggest acts. However, Roadrunner has also accused of being a label only interested in current or trendy alternative music, reflected by their roster of mainly popular. One of the earliest names on the label, King Diamond, left the label due to alleged lack of support for the 1990 King Diamond release. In 2008, punk cabaret chanteuse Amanda Palmer was told by the label that wanted to re-edit her video for Leeds United to make her look slimmer. On April 6,2010, Palmer announced on her Twitter account that Roadrunner had dropped her, the most recent complaints about Roadrunner have come from one of the labels biggest bands Megadeth. Roadrunner Records was significantly affected by Warner Music Groups legal dispute against YouTube, most of the videos on their channel, however, are still viewable. There is even a disclaimer talking about Warners dispute right on the channel, on November 11,2010, Warner Music Group announced they had acquired the remaining of Roadrunners stock
12.
Record producer
–
A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
13.
Slipknot (album)
–
Slipknot is the self-titled debut studio album by the American heavy metal band Slipknot. It was the first release by the band to be produced by Ross Robinson, the album spans several genres, but is generally noted for its extensive percussion and overall heavy sound. It was well received by fans and critics alike and was responsible for bringing Slipknot a large increase in popularity. The album peaked at number 51 on the Billboard 200, and has gone on to become certified platinum in the United States. It was voted the best debut album of the last 25 years by readers of Metal Hammer magazine, in 1997, following the bands demo release Mate. The members of Slipknot continued to new material and work in SR Audio. The band had started work on a follow-up but never got further than pre-production. Songs written and recorded in this period include Slipknot, Gently, Do Nothing, Tattered and Torn, Heartache, in 1998, Slipknot was receiving growing attention from record labels including Epic and Hollywood Records. On September 29,1998, Slipknot left Des Moines, Iowa for Indigo Ranch Studios in Malibu, California, anxious to record an album after a long wait to be signed. The band wanted him to work with them on their album and after meeting with the band Robinson signed them to his own label, I Am. The albums recording process was very aggressive and chaotic, as producer Robinson strove to capture the intensity that the band created when performing live. Within three days all the drums were recorded, which contributed to the raw, live sound on the album that the band integral to its musical direction. By November 11,1998, the recording of the album seemed complete, during the Christmas period, guitarist Josh Brainard, who recorded on all the tracks to that point, decided to leave the band. His replacement was Jim Root, with whom the band returned to the studio in February 1999, Slipknot finished recording during this period, with two extra songs, a re-recording of Me Inside, and a new track called Purity. Snap was featured on the soundtrack for the film Freddy vs. Jason and Eyeless appeared on an episode of The Sopranos. The influence of metal on the album is clear, and on the subject Jordison stated, the roots are death metal, thrash, speed metal. The album also shows influences from metal and even rap metal. Critics have also noted an industrial influence, due to the bands large line-up consisting of additional percussionists and electronics, the album has a very dense, layered sound
14.
Vol. 3: (The Subliminal Verses)
–
Vol.3, The Subliminal Verses is the third studio album by American metal band Slipknot. The album was released on May 25,2004, by Roadrunner Records, and it is the bands only album produced by Rick Rubin, and also the only one not to feature profanity. Following the bands tour to promote its second album in 2002, some band members had already been involved in side projects including Murderdolls, To My Surprise, and the reformation of Stone Sour. In 2003, Slipknot moved into The Mansion to work on the album, initially, the band was unproductive, lead vocalist Corey Taylor was drinking heavily. Nevertheless, they more than enough material for a new album—the bands first to incorporate more traditional, melodic song structures, guitar solos. The album received positive reviews. Slipknot was praised by Allmusic for its dedication to making it a Slipknot album, the album peaked within the top ten in album sales across eleven countries, and went Platinum in the United States. The band also received the Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance for the song Before I Forget, at the end of 2009, Before I Forget was listed as AOLs Top Metal Song of the Decade. Roadrunner Records have listed the video for Duality as the best music video in Roadrunner history. Slipknot recorded Vol.3, The Subliminal Verses with producer Rick Rubin at The Mansion in Los Angeles, earlier there had been speculation regarding the possibility of a third album and the bands future, as some members worked on other musical projects. After the album was completed, the said that these side projects saved the band. Coming back together and working out their differences hindered the process initially. During an interview in 2008, drummer Joey Jordison said we didnt talk to each other for three months, we just sat there wasting money in the fucking Houdini mansion, speaking retrospectively percussionist Shawn Crahan states, eventually we got sick of waiting for shit to happen. We got together, had a few beers and wrote a really artsy, in a Q&A for his book, Youre making me hate you, he told that the first verse and chorus of the song Circle were written and recorded during the Iowa tour. The same take ended up on the album, band members were divided over their experience of working with producer Rubin, some doubted his commitment to Slipknot as he split his time between many artists at once. Lead vocalist Corey Taylor admitted in an interview that he drank heavily throughout their time in the mansion, saying I would drink from the moment I got up until the moment I passed out. He explained that, everything I did while I was drinking sounded like shit, during this time, percussionist Crahan worked on Voliminal, Inside the Nine, a video documenting the creation process of the album and the touring which would follow. In a 2008 interview, Corey Taylor said that he only met Rubin four times during the recording process of Vol.3, The Subliminal Verses
15.
Single (music)
–
In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
16.
Left Behind (Slipknot song)
–
Left Behind is a song by American metal band Slipknot. The song was released as the single from their second album Iowa. Left Behind was one of two Slipknot tracks included on Clear Channels 2001 memorandum of songs they considered offensive in the aftermath of 9/11. Left Behind was more successful than both Wait and Bleed and Spit It Out, reaching number 30 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The song was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 2002. The track was the first single from the band to reach the Australian ARIA Charts and this track, along with Wait and Bleed, Pulse of the Maggots, and Snuff, was released as downloadable songs in the Rock Band series. The music video for Left Behind, directed by Dave Meyers, first, he goes to a butchers to cut meat. He then goes to his dirty, rundown home where bullies throw stones through his windows, the boy pours filthy water on his Froot Loops and watches an old television set which faintly bears the word Slipknot in static. The band is performing the song in a dry, dead forest which, toward the climactic end of the video. As the lead single, Left Behind also marked the debut of Slipknots new costumes in promotion of Iowa. There are two versions of the video, an edited version and an unedited version for the DVD
17.
My Plague
–
My Plague is a song by American metal band Slipknot, released as the third single from their second album Iowa on July 8,2002. The songs New Abuse Mix was featured on the 2002 film Resident Evil, the New Abuse Mix is a remixed version of the track in which the heavier, screamed layer of vocals were largely removed and replaced by a more monotone, drone-like sounding layer. The exceptions to the vocal changes lay in the final iterations of the chorus that finish out the song. Additionally, this new version of the track was cut by approximately 00,37 seconds by removing the transitional Kill you, fuck you, was replaced with. and if you touch me, I will rip you apart. Moreover, the second verse was removed as well. The New Abuse Mix was also included as a track on the 2011 re-release of the bands 2001 album. My Plague was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 2003, the song reached number 43 in the UK Singles Chart. My Plague –3,04 The Heretic Anthem –3,44 –3,42 Also includes My Plague music video, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
18.
Heavy metal music
–
Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are associated with aggression. The first heavy metal such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the evolution by discarding much of its blues influence, Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as metalheads or headbangers. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with such as Mötley Crüe. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre and these include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop. Heavy metal is characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound. Metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter, or omit one or more of these attributes, the typical band lineup includes a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are used to enhance the fullness of the sound. Deep Purples Jon Lord played an overdriven Hammond organ, in 1970, John Paul Jones used a Moog synthesizer on Led Zeppelin III, by the 1990s, in. almost every subgenre of heavy metal synthesizers were used. The electric guitar and the power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a use of high volumes. Guitar solos are an element of the heavy metal code. That underscores the significance of the guitar to the genre, most heavy metal songs featur at least one guitar solo, which is a primary means through which the heavy metal performer expresses virtuosity. One exception is nu metal bands, which tend to omit guitar solos, with rhythm guitar parts, the heavy crunch sound in heavy metal. Palm muting the strings with the hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more sound and it emphasizes the low end
19.
Jim Root
–
Root began performing with the thrash metal band Atomic Opera from Iowa in the early 1990s, not to be confused with the hard rock band Atomic Opera from Houston, Texas. Prior to joining Slipknot, he worked as a screenprinter, waiter, despite this, the song has become a staple for most of the bands live performances. Slipknot vocalist Corey Taylor invited Root to join the band based on Taylors past experiences working with him in Stone Sour.5 The Gray Chapter, of Slipknots nine member lineup which lasted between 1999 to 2010, Root was the last to join the band. Root typically performed lead guitar in Stone Sour, although he played rhythm. He has spoken of both bands guitar style as being twin guitar, In both bands, I fulfill both roles, in Slipknot, Mick has some solos, and in Stone Sour, Josh has some solos. During the recording of Stone Sours Audio Secrecy, he and Rand recorded their parts simultaneously and he also appeared on Jonathan Davis and the SFA´s cover of Lil Wayne´s Got Money. On 17 May 2014, Stone Sour released a statement saying that Root was no longer a member of the band. Moments before their statement, Root told a fan on Instagram of his departure, in interviews, Root accused the band of being financially motivated and pursuing a more commercial musical direction, but also observed that he wasnt really happy in that band anymore. Corey Taylor noted that the split initially put a strain on his and Roots relationship, in July 2007, Fender released the Jim Root Telecaster. In a 2009 performance for Eurockeennes, Jim used a Gibson Flying V, in January 2010, a Jim Root Signature Fender Stratocaster was unveiled on the Fender website, similar to the one he has been seen using on stage, as of March 2009. In 2012, Orange announced a new signature Tiny Terror amp based on their Rockerverb 100, Roots main amp, then, the Squier Telecaster signature model was released, similar to the first Fender Telecaster Jim Root signature. The white model comes with a black pickguard and the model comes with a white pickguard. Both Squiers have a neck and rosewood fretboard. Jims signature Squiers do not contain EMG81 and EMG60, the Fender Jim Root Jazzmaster was unveiled at NAMM2014. It has the same specs as the Jim Root Stratocaster and it only comes in flat black with an ebony fretboard
20.
Grammy Award
–
A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
21.
Music recording sales certification
–
Music recording sales certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped or sold a certain number of copies. The threshold quantity varies by type and by nation or territory, almost all countries follow variations of the RIAA certification categories, which are named after precious materials. The number of sales or shipments required for these awards depends upon the population of the territory in which the recording is released, typically, they are awarded only to international releases and are awarded individually for each country in which the album is sold. Different sales levels, some perhaps 10 times lower than others, the original gold record awards were presented to artists by their own record companies to publicize their sales achievements. The first of these was awarded by RCA Victor to Glenn Miller and His Orchestra in February 1942, another example of a company award is the gold record awarded to Elvis Presley in 1956 for one million units sold of his single Dont Be Cruel. The first gold record for an LP was awarded by RCA Victor to Harry Belafonte in 1957 for the album Calypso and these sales were restricted to U. S. -based record companies and did not include exports to other countries. For albums in 1968, this would mean shipping approximately 250,000 units, the platinum certification was introduced in 1976 for the sale of one million units, album or single, with the gold certification redefined to mean sales of 500,000 units, album or single. No album was certified platinum prior to this year, for instance, the recording by Van Cliburn of the Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto from 1958 would eventually be awarded a platinum citation, but this would not happen until two decades after its release. In 1999, the certification was introduced for sales of ten million units. On 14 March 1958, the RIAA certified its first gold record, soundtrack was certified as the first gold album four months later. In 1976, RIAA introduced the platinum certification, first awarded to Johnnie Taylors single, Disco Lady, as music sales increased with the introduction of compact discs, the RIAA created the Multi-Platinum award in 1984. Diamond awards, honoring those artists whose sales of singles or albums reached 10,000,000 copies, were introduced in 1999 and this became much less common once the majority of retail sales became paid digital downloads and digital streaming. In most countries certifications no longer apply solely to physical media, in June 2006, the RIAA also certified the ringtone downloads of songs. Streaming from on-demand services such as Rhapsody and Spotify has been included into existing digital certification in the U. S since 2013, in the U. S. and Germany video streaming services like YouTube, VEVO, and Yahoo. Music also began to be counted towards the certification, in both cases using the formula of 100 streams being equivalent to one download, other countries, such as Denmark and Spain, maintain separate awards for digital download singles and streaming. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry was founded in 1996, and grants the IFPI Platinum Europe Award for album sales over one million within Europe, multi-platinum Europe Awards are presented for sales in subsequent multiples of one million. Eligibility is unaffected by time, and is not restricted to European-based artists, IMPALA sales awards were launched in 2005 as the first sales awards recognising that success on a pan-European basis begins well before sales reach one million. The award levels are Silver, Double Silver, Gold, Double Gold, Diamond, Platinum, below are certification thresholds for the United States and United Kingdom
22.
Joey Jordison
–
Jordison played in Slipknot since their formation in 1995 until his departure from the band in December 2013. He was the drummer and founder of the American heavy metal band Scar the Martyr which formed in 2013 and he grew up in Waukee, Iowa with his parents and two sisters, and was given his first drum kit at the age of 8. He performed in bands until joining in the summer of 1995 with the group The Pale Ones. Of Slipknots nine-member lineup which lasted from 1999–2010, Joey was the third to join the band, with Slipknot, Jordison performed on four studio albums, and produced the live album 9.0, Live. Outside his major projects, Jordison has performed with heavy metal groups such as Rob Zombie, Metallica, Korn, Ministry, Otep. Jordison is also known for his work which includes performances on many albums for many different artists. Jordison uses several drum brands including Pearl and ddrum and he currently plays with the bands VIMIC and Sinsaenum. Jordison was born at Mercy Hospital in Des Moines, Iowa on April 26,1975 and he grew up in a rural area outside of Waukee. He embraced music at an age, which he attributes to the influence of his parefront of the radio. He played guitar until receiving his first drum kit as a gift from his parents at age eight, at a young age, Jordisons parents divorced, he and his two younger sisters stayed with their mother. His mother remarried and set up a funeral parlor where Jordison would occasionally help, Jordison has stated that he felt a sudden responsibility to be the man of the house. It was during this time that he formed the band Modifidious and he later described them as total speed-metal thrash. The band helped Jordison break new ground, playing for crowds in support of local bands including Atomic Opera, which featured Jim Root, and Heads on the Wall. After a multitude of changes including the presence of Craig Jones. He cites Keith Moon, John Bonham, Peter Criss, Gene Krupa, after leaving school, Jordison was hired by a local music store called Musicland. In March 1994, after a recommendation from his new friend, Jordison worked the night shift, which he preferred, as it left his weekends free and allowed him to spend time with his friends and listen to music while working. In early 1995, Modifidious disbanded because of a shift in interest from thrash metal to metal in America. Following this Jordison joined a band called The Rejects as a guitarist
23.
Paul Gray (American musician)
–
Paul Dedrick Gray was born in Los Angeles, California. Later his family relocated to Des Moines, Iowa and he played guitar but switched to bass after he relocated to Iowa. In his youth, Gray performed in such as Anal Blast, Vexx, Body Pit, The Have Nots. In June 2003, Gray crashed his car into another vehicle, after police were called to the scene and searched his car, Gray was arrested for possession of marijuana, cocaine and drug paraphernalia, as well as failure to obey a traffic signal. He was one of the two members not born in Iowa, in 2010, Slipknot released the Download 2009 performance on DVD in memory of Gray. An award was named after Paul titled Paul Gray, Best Bassist of the Year, Slipknot presented the award to Nikki Sixx, of Mötley Crüe and Sixx A. M. On May 24,2010, The Des Moines Register reported that Gray had been dead in room 431 at the TownePlace Suites Hotel in Johnston. In a 911-call, obtained by TMZ, one of the hotels proprietors said that a needle was found next to Grays bed. An initial autopsy determined no foul play or trauma was involved. He is survived by his wife Brenna and their daughter October, on June 21,2010, autopsy results were released that stated Gray had died of an overdose of morphine, and had also shown signs of significant heart disease. On the day after Grays death, May 25,2010 and they did not take any questions from the media. The band, as well as Grays brother, Tony, and wife, Brenna and he was kind of the person in the band that really wanted everybody in the band to always get along and just concentrate on the band. He was a great friend and just a great person. Hes going to be missed, and the world is going to be a different place without him. A private funeral was held on May 28,2010, Paul Gray was buried at the Highland Memory Gardens Cemetery in Des Moines, Iowa. On November 8,2010, items that decorated Grays grave, including a Buddha statue, the band responded to this event with a post on their MySpace and Facebook page, asking the robbers to return the stolen items and appealing for information from the public. On July 30, Paul Gray was posthumously awarded the Kerrang, services to Metal award, it was collected by his Slipknot bandmate Corey Taylor on his behalf. Slipknots former guitarist Donnie Steele filled in on guitar for Gray on Slipknots 2011 Summer tour
24.
Corey Taylor
–
Taylor joined Slipknot in 1997 to replace their original vocalist, Anders Colsefni. He has released five albums with them. He has worked with bands, including Junk Beer Kidnap Band, Korn, Disturbed, Apocalyptica, Anthrax, Aaron Lewis of Staind. Taylor was ranked at number 86 in Hit Paraders Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time and he was beaten only by Mike Patton. Corey Todd Taylor was born in Des Moines, Iowa on December 8,1973, Taylor was mostly raised by his mother in Waterloo, Iowa, a place described by Taylor as a hole in the ground with buildings around it. He is of German and Native American background from his fathers side and Irish, Taylor was raised by his single mother. He developed a fond feeling toward rock n roll after his grandmother introduced him to Elvis Presley, in 1979, Taylor and his mother saw the science fiction series Buck Rogers in the 25th Century. Before the series, there was a trailer for the 1978 horror film Halloween, Taylor said this developed some sense of Slipknot in. He especially found some songs like Teddy Bear, In the Ghetto, Taylor also began listening to Black Sabbath at a young age, beginning with their early work. Taylor, along with his mother and sister, lived at one point in an old dilapidated farmhouse, by age fifteen, Taylor had developed a drug addiction and had overdosed on cocaine twice. By this time, Taylor was living in Waterloo, Iowa and she took legal custody of him and helped him buy musical equipment. When Taylor was eighteen, he left his grandmothers home and went to places, Des Moines being a place to which he frequently returned. At age 17, when Taylor was living with his grandmother, Taylors ex-girlfriends mother drove him to the hospital in Des Moines and doctors were able to resuscitate him. He describes this as the lowest point in his life, Taylor and his father first met when Taylor was 30 years old, and now have a relationship, although he said their paths do not cross that often. On September 17,2002, Taylors then-fiancée, Scarlett, gave birth to their son Griffin Parker, Taylor also has a daughter named Angeline from an earlier relationship. Taylor and Scarlett married on March 11,2004, and divorced three years later, Taylor has also had alcohol abuse problems, which his wife, Scarlett, helped him through as well as keeping him from committing suicide. In 2006, Taylor told MTV that he had attempted to jump off a balcony of the floor of the Hyatt on Sunset Boulevard in 2003. This was later recanted by Taylor in an interview with Kerrang, radio and stated that it was, in fact, his friend Thom Hazaert who stopped him from jumping
25.
Shawn Crahan
–
Michael Shawn Crahan, more commonly known by his stage persona Clown, is an American musician, songwriter, record producer, director and photographer. He is best known as one of the two percussionists and co-founder of the Grammy Award-winning heavy metal band Slipknot. When performing with Slipknot, he is known by his number 6. Crahan is the remaining founding member in Slipknot. Crahan is the oldest member of Slipknot, and has been responsible for the bands success with his extensive involvement in Slipknots media production. He is the director behind Slipknots music videos, outside Slipknot, Crahan had two side project bands called To My Surprise and Dirty Little Rabbits, both of which have split. He also directed the film, Officer Downe, Crahan was born in Des Moines, Iowa in 1969. Crahans first band was Modifidius, which he was a member with former Slipknot member Joey Jordison and he also once performed in bands such as Heads on the Wall and One Cup of Fat before forming The Pale Ones, which would later become known as Slipknot. Crahan married his wife Chantel in June 1992, in Des Moines and they now have four children, Alexandria, Gage, Gabrielle, and Simon. Crahan is also a filmographer and photographer, having published a Slipknot photo album The Apocalyptic Nightmare in 2012, in 2012, he also made his debut acting appearance in the film The Devils Carnival. He is a smoker and has been willing to break the law to smoke inside venues along with members of Slipknot. He is also a collector of baseball cards, in June 2016, Crahan made his directing debut with the film Officer Downe based on the graphic novel Officer Downe written by Joe Casey and Chris Burnham. Casey wrote the script and Skip Williamson and Mark Neveldine produced the film, Shawn Clown Crahan also directed the Music Video for the song A-M-E-R-I-C-A, by Motionless In White and We Are by Hollywood Undead. In 1993, Crahan formed a band known as The Pale Ones with fellow musician Paul Gray. Wanting to expand the bands percussion section, Crahan brought in Joey Jordison to fill in as drummer while Crahans efforts were focused on custom percussion, the vocalist playing a second percussion kit gave the band their layered, particularly intense drum sound. In 1996, they released a song known as Slipknot, and through Joeys suggestion and this album would later become known to the band as their demo. Crahan felt that the original vocalist for Slipknot was too guttural and he brought in Corey Taylor from another local band called Stone Sour, whose vocals were more melodic. In a 2012 interview with Loudwire, Crahan explained how the numbers were assigned
26.
Mick Thomson
–
Mickael Gordon Mick Thomson is an American heavy metal musician. Born in Des Moines, Iowa, he is best known as one of two guitarists in Slipknot, in which he is designated #7, following the departure of Joey Jordison in 2013, Thomson is now the third longest-serving member of Slipknot. Mick Thomson grew up having a fascination with death metal bands, including Morbid Angel and he began his career playing guitar in a number of local bands in his hometown of Des Moines, Iowa, most notably death metal outfit Body Pit, formed in 1993. Original Slipknot members Anders Colsefni, Donnie Steele and Paul Gray were all members of Body Pit during this period. In addition to performing in the band, Thomson gave guitar lessons to students at Ye Olde Guitar Shop on 70th Street in Des Moines. Thomson joined Slipknot in the summer of 1996, replacing Craig Jones on guitar after he became the bands full-time sampler, the first Slipknot album on which Thomson performed was the 1999 self-titled debut. Upon joining the band, Thomson wore a mask which he bought from a store. The guitarists mask would remain much the same throughout his career, with minor changes made for each album cycle. For being able to get across how I am, there isnt something crazy creative about it. Thomson also chose #7 in the band, claiming that it was his lucky number, outside of Slipknot, Thomson has collaborated with several other bands. Along with Slipknot bassist Paul Gray, he appeared on a Death tribute album organised by James Murphy, in 2007, he performed the second guitar solo on Malevolent Creations Deliver My Enemy, released on Doomsday X. Speaking about his appearance on the song, which was engineered in part by Slipknot DJ Sid Wilson, Thomson claimed that he was proud beyond words to have asked to be part of this recording. In 2011, he performed guest lead guitar on Necrophagias album Deathtrip 69, Thomson is also featured in the music video for No Pity on the Ants by thrash metal band Lupara, directed by Frankie Nasso and released in 2007. Thomson is known for playing Ibanez MTM guitars both in the studio and on tour, all of which are handmade by the companys artist shop luthier Tak Hosono, the guitars feature Seymour Duncan EMTY Blackout pickups and dAddario EXL117 strings. He began working with the company in 2003, during the process for Slipknots third studio album Vol.3. In July 2016, Jackson Guitars announced that Thomson had joined their artist roster, speaking about joining the company, Thomson proclaimed that he was immensely proud to be a part of the Jackson family, praising his custom Double Rhoads and Soloist models as incredible. Outside of performing with Slipknot, Thomson is known to keep a low profile. In an interview with Jon Wiederhorn for Revolver magazine about the making of Iowa, id rather be alone than be around a bunch of people that I dont care about, dont care about me or are fuckin full of shit
27.
FHM
–
FHM was a UK monthly mens lifestyle magazine. It contained features such as the FHM100 Sexiest Women in the World, on 17 November 2015, FHM announced on its website that it would be suspending publication. Circulation expanded to newsagents as a quarterly by the spring of 1987 and it subsequently dominated the mens market and began to expand internationally, being published in 27 countries including Pakistan and India. FHM was sold as part of the company sale, from EMAP to Hamburg based company Bauer Media Group in February 2008. On 17 November 2015, FHM announced their intention to suspend publication alongside that of mens magazine ZOO. Each of FHMs international editions publish yearly rankings for the sexiest women alive based on public, dates of magazine issues, winners, ages of winners at the time of selection, and pertinent comments are listed below. The data below refer only to the British edition, FHM was published in the following territories. The Girls of FHM List of mens magazines Official website
28.
Types of motorcycles
–
There are many systems for classifying types of motorcycles, describing how the motorcycles are put to use, or the designers intent, or some combination of the two. Six main categories are recognized, cruiser, sport, touring, standard, dual-purpose. Sometimes sport touring motorcycles are recognized as a seventh category, strong lines are sometimes drawn between motorcycles and their smaller cousins, mopeds, scooters, and underbones, but other classification schemes include these as types of motorcycles. There is no system for classifying all types of motorcycles. There are also informal classifications or nicknames used by manufacturers, riders, street motorcycles are motorcycles designed for being ridden on paved roads. They have smooth tires with a tread pattern and engines generally in the 125 cc. Most are capable of speeds up to 100 mph, and many of speeds in excess of 125 mph, standards, also called naked bikes or roadsters, are versatile, general-purpose street motorcycles. They are recognized primarily by their upright riding position, partway between the reclining posture of the cruisers and the forward leaning sport bikes. Footpegs are below the rider and handlebars are high enough to not force the rider to reach far forward, because of their flexibility, lower costs and their engines of moderate output, standards are particularly suited to motorcycle beginners. Standards usually do not come with fairings or windscreens, or if they have them, standard is often a synonym for naked bike, a term that became popular in the 1990s in response to the proliferation of fully faired sport bikes. The standard seemed to have disappeared, fueling nostalgia for the return of the Universal Japanese Motorcycle, which were admired for their simplicity, quality, and versatility. Muscle bike is a nickname for a type, derived from either a standard or sport bike design. Roadster is equivalent to standard or naked, cruisers are styled after American machines from the 1930s to the early 1960s, such as those made by Harley-Davidson, Indian, and Excelsior-Henderson. Harley-Davidsons largely define the category, and large-displacement V-twin engines are the norm, although other engine configurations. Their engines are tuned for torque, making them less demanding to ride because it is not necessary to shift as frequently to accelerate or maintain control. The riding position places the feet forward and the hands are up relatively high, cruisers have limited cornering ability due to a lack of ground clearance. Choppers are a type of cruiser, so called because they are a chopped, or cut-down, choppers are usually custom projects that result in a bike modified to suit the owners ideals, and, as such, are a source of pride and accomplishment. Stereotypically, a chopper may have raked-out forks, small fuel tanks, choppers were popularised in the Peter Fonda film Easy Rider
29.
NME
–
New Musical Express is a British music journalism magazine published since 1952. It was the first British paper to include a singles chart, in the 1970s it became the best-selling British music newspaper. It started as a newspaper, and gradually moved toward a magazine format during the 1980s and 1990s. An online version of NME, NME. com, was launched in 1996 and it became the worlds biggest standalone music site, with over seven million users per month. With newsstand sales falling across the UK magazine sector, the paid circulation in the first half of 2014 was 15,830. In 2013, the list of NMEs The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, NME magazine was relaunched in September 2015 as a nationally distributed free publication. NMEs headquarters are in Southwark, London, England, the brands editor-in-chief is Mike Williams, who replaced Krissi Murison in 2012. The paper was established in 1952, the Accordion Times and Musical Express was bought by London music promoter Maurice Kinn, for the sum of £1,000, just 15 minutes before it was due to be officially closed. It was relaunched as the New Musical Express, and was published in a non-glossy tabloid format on standard newsprint. On 14 November 1952, taking its cue from the US magazine Billboard, it created the first UK Singles Chart, the first of these was, in contrast to more recent charts, a top twelve sourced by the magazine itself from sales in regional stores around the UK. The first number one was Here in My Heart by Al Martino, during the 1960s the paper championed the new British groups emerging at the time. The NME circulation peaked under Andy Gray, Editor 1957–1972, with a figure of 306,881 for the period from January to June 1964, the Beatles and the Rolling Stones were frequently featured on the front cover. These and other artists appeared at the NME Poll Winners Concert. The concert also featured a ceremony where the winners would collect their awards. The NME Poll Winners Concerts took place between 1959 and 1972, from 1964 onwards they were filmed, edited and transmitted on British television a few weeks after they had taken place. The latter part of the 1960s saw the chart the rise of psychedelia. During this period some sections of pop music began to be designated as rock, in early 1972 the paper found itself on the verge of closure by its owner IPC. Alan Smith was made editor and in 1972 was told by IPC to turn things around quickly or face closure, according to The Economist, the New Musical Express started to champion underground, up-and-coming music. NME became the gateway to a more rebellious world
30.
Screaming
–
This can be performed by any creature possessing lungs, including humans. A scream is often an instinctive or reflex action, with an emotional aspect, like fear, pain, surprise, joy, anger. In psychology the scream is an important theme in the theories of Arthur Janov, in his book The Primal Scream, Janov claims that the cure for neurosis is to confront the patient with his suppressed pain resulting from an experienced trauma. This confrontation gives birth to a scream, Janov believes that it is not necessary that it heals the patient from his trauma. The scream is only a form of expression of pain, which comes from one’s childhood. This finally appears through the scream and can cure the patient from his neurosis, Janov describes the primal scream as very distinctive and unmistakable. It is a low, rattling and involuntary sound. Some people are moaning, groaning and are coiling themselves up, one screams as result of all the other times when it had to stay still, was making fun of, was humiliated or was beaten up”. Janov also says that the scream has series of reactions, “the patients that could not even say “piep” at home. The scream seems to be a liberating experience”, Janov noticed this with all his patients. Women who seem to have baby-voices during the therapy are developing with their primal scream a very low voice, creating power with yell is having to affect someone without touching them”. In this case screaming is a weapon, as also often used by animals. Screaming is also a means of expressing pleasure, studies on monkeys have shown that when female monkeys scream during sex, it helps the male ejaculate. An approximation of 86 percent of the times, where female monkeys screamed during sexual encounter, brought a 59 percent of success rate, in comparison to the 2 percent, without the female-scream. Gregory Whitehead defines the giving birth scream as a yes scream, women describe this scream as unpremeditated and a reaction to the surprise of the baby’s head coming out. Some actually call this moment orgasmic pleasure and this moment is considered by most women to be very euphoric, that apparently some women are screaming of pain, pleasure and enthusiasm at the same time. Ina May Gaskin, one of the biggest promoters of the birth, is also encouraging women to make out with their man during birth as this helps their state of mind. Reni Celeste, film philosopher and publisher, notes about Michel Chion, composer, the male, he explains, does not scream, he shouts
31.
Revolver (magazine)
–
Revolver is a bi-monthly rock and heavy metal magazine published by NewBay Media. Before covering heavy metal, rock & hard rock solely, it was a more mainstream oriented magazine, the magazine is structured in a manner similar to publications such as Spin while covering many avenues within the heavy metal and punk subcultures. Vinnie took a hiatus from the following the death of his brother, Dimebag Darrell but returned to offer advice to readers about music, life, sex. The column has recently included Lzzy Hale from Halestorm fielding questions, another feature of the magazine is its coverage of underground and up-and-coming bands from all over the world. Rather than focus solely on mainstream acts, Revolver introduces many acts that are not played on the radio or on MTV, in 2009, Revolver held its inaugural hard-rock and heavy-metal award show in the U. S. the Revolver Golden Gods Awards. Chris Jericho announced on Attack of the Show and that he would host it on May 28,2011. Its slogan is, The Worlds Loudest Rock Magazine, formerly owned by Harris Publications, Future US bought the magazine in 2006. In 2012, NewBay Media bought the Music division of Future US
32.
Death metal
–
Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. Building from the structure of thrash metal and early black metal. Bands such as Venom, Celtic Frost, Slayer, and Kreator were important influences on the genres creation, Possessed and Death, along with bands such as Obituary, Autopsy and Morbid Angel, are often considered pioneers of the genre. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, death metal gained more attention as popular genre niche record labels like Combat, Earache. Since then, death metal has diversified, spawning several subgenres, melodic death metal combines death metal elements with those of the new wave of British heavy metal. Technical death metal is a style, with uncommon time signatures, atypical rhythms. Death-doom combines the deep growled vocals and double-kick drumming of death metal with the slow tempos, deathgrind, goregrind and pornogrind mix the complexity of death metal with the intensity, speed, and brevity of grindcore. Deathcore combines death metal with metalcore traits, Death n roll combines death metals growled vocals and highly distorted, detuned guitar riffs with elements of 1970s hard rock and heavy metal. English heavy metal band Venom, from Newcastle, crystallized the elements of what became known as thrash metal, death metal and black metal. Their dark, blistering sound, harsh vocals, and macabre, another highly influential band, Slayer, formed in 1981. Although the band was a metal act, Slayers music was more violent than their thrash contemporaries Metallica, Megadeth. Their breakneck speed and instrumental prowess combined with lyrics about death, violence, war, according to AllMusic, their third album Reign in Blood inspired the entire death metal genre. It had a big impact on the genre such as Death, Obituary. While attributed as having a Slayer influence, current and former members of the band had actually cited Venom and Motörhead, as well as work by Exodus. Possessed arguably did more to further the cause of Death Metal than any of the acts on the scene back in the mid-late 80s. During the same period as the dawn of Possessed, an influential metal band was formed in Florida. Death, originally called Mantas, was formed in 1983 by Chuck Schuldiner, Kam Lee, in 1984 they released their first demo entitled Death by Metal, followed by several more. The tapes circulated through the tape trader world, quickly establishing the bands name, with Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene
33.
Hip hop music
–
It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
34.
Thrash metal
–
Thrash metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music characterized by its fast tempo and overall aggression. The songs usually use fast percussive beats and low-register guitar riffs, the lyrics often deal with social issues and reproach for The Establishment, using direct and denunciatory language, an approach borrowed from hardcore punk. The genre evolved in the early 1980s from combining the fast drum beats and attitude of hardcore with the double bass drumming, heavy and complex guitar style of the new wave of British heavy metal. It emerged partially as a reaction to the conventional and widely acceptable glam metal. Thrash metal was an inspiration for subsequent extreme genres such as death metal, Four American bands—Anthrax, Megadeth, Metallica, and Slayer—are credited with pioneering and popularizing the genre. The Clash of the Titans tour, which featured Megadeth, Slayer, thrash metal has seen a resurgence in recent times, with many of the older bands returning to their roots with their new releases. A new generation of metal bands emerged in the early 2000s. Thrash metal generally features fast tempos, low-register, complex riffs, high-register guitar solos. The genre evolved in the early 1980s from combining the drum beats of hardcore punk with the style of the new wave of British heavy metal. It emerged partially as a reaction to the conventional and widely acceptable glam metal. The rhythm guitar parts are played with distortion and often palm muted to create a tighter. Vocally, thrash metal can employ anything from singing to shouted vocals. The guitar riffs often use chromatic scales and emphasize the tritone and diminished intervals, for example, the intro riff of Metallicas Master of Puppets is a chromatic descent, followed by a chromatic ascent based on the tritone. Speed, pacing and time-changes also define thrash metal, thrash tends to have an accelerating feel which may be due in large part to its aggressive drumming style. For example, drummers often use two drums, or a double-bass pedal, in order to create a relentless, driving beat. Cymbal stops/chokes are often used to transition from one riff to another or to precede an acceleration in tempo, to keep up with the other instruments, many bassists use a plectrum. However, some prominent thrash metal bassists have used their fingers, such as Frank Bello, Greg Christian, Steve DiGiorgio, Robert Trujillo, several bassists use a distorted bass tone, an approach popularized by Burton and Motörheads Lemmy. Lyrical themes in thrash metal include warfare, corruption, injustice, murder, suicide, isolation, alienation, addiction, in addition, politics, particularly pessimism and dissatisfaction towards politics, are common themes among thrash metal bands
35.
Metaphor
–
A metaphor is a figure of speech that refers, for rhetorical effect, to one thing by mentioning another thing. It may provide clarity or identify hidden similarities between two ideas, antithesis, hyperbole, metonymy and simile are all types of metaphor. The Philosophy of Rhetoric by rhetorician I. A. Richards describes a metaphor as having two parts, the tenor and the vehicle, the tenor is the subject to which attributes are ascribed. The vehicle is the object whose attributes are borrowed, other writers employ the general terms ground and figure to denote the tenor and the vehicle. Cognitive linguistics uses the target and source, respectively. Metaphors are most frequently compared with similes, a simile is a specific type of metaphor that uses the words like or as in comparing two objects, whereas what is commonly referred to as a metaphor states that A is B or substitutes B for A. What is usually referred to as a metaphor asserts the two objects in the comparison are identical on the point of comparison, a simile merely asserts a similarity, for this reason a common-type metaphor is generally considered more forceful than a simile. The metaphor category also contains these types, Allegory, An extended metaphor wherein a story illustrates an important attribute of the subject. Antithesis, A rhetorical contrast of ideas by means of parallel arrangements of words, clauses, or sentences Catachresis, A mixed metaphor used by design and accident. Hyperbole, Excessive exaggeration to illustrate a point Metonymy, A figure of speech using the name of one thing in reference to a different thing of which the first is associated, example, in lands belonging to the crown the word crown is metonymy for ruler or monarch. Parable, An extended metaphor narrated as an anecdote illustrating and teaching such as in Aesops fables, pun, Similar to a metaphor, a pun alludes to another term. However, the difference is that a pun is a frivolous allusion between two different things whereas a metaphor is a purposeful allusion between two different things. Metaphor, like other types of analogy, can usefully be distinguished from metonymy as one of two modes of thought. Thus, a metaphor creates new links between otherwise distinct conceptual domains, whereas a metonymy relies on the links within them. A dead metaphor is one in which the sense of an image has become absent. Examples, to grasp a concept and to gather what youve understood use physical action as a metaphor for understanding, the audience does not need to visualize the action, dead metaphors normally go unnoticed. Some people distinguish between a dead metaphor and a cliché, others use dead metaphor to denote both. A mixed metaphor is one that leaps from one identification to a second identification inconsistent with the first, e. g. Checkmate
36.
Misanthropy
–
Misanthropy is the general hatred, distrust or contempt of the human species or human nature. A misanthrope or misanthropist is someone who holds such views or feelings, the words origin is from the Greek words μῖσος and ἄνθρωπος. The condition is often confused with asociality, misanthropy has been ascribed to a number of writers of satire, such as William S. Gilbert and William Shakespeare. Jonathan Swift is widely believed to be misanthropic, molières play The Misanthrope is one of the more famous French plays on this topic. Less famous, but more contemporary is the 1970 play by Françoise Dorin, Un sale égoïste which takes the point of view of the misanthrope, fernando Pessoas factless autobiography The Book of Disquiet has been described as misanthropic. In Western philosophy, misanthropy has been connected to isolation from human society, and when it happens to someone often. There is a difference between philosophical pessimism and misanthropy, immanuel Kant said that Of the crooked timber of humanity, no straight thing can ever be made, and yet this was not an expression of the uselessness of mankind itself. Kant further stated that hatred of mankind can take two forms, aversion from men and enmity towards them. The condition can arise partly from dislike and partly from ill-will and this might be thought of as more of a criticism of conformity rather than people in general. Certain thinkers such as Ibn al-Rawandi, a skeptic of Islam, and Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar-Razi often expressed misanthropic views
37.
Solipsism
–
Solipsism is the philosophical idea that only ones own mind is sure to exist. As an epistemological position, solipsism holds that knowledge of anything outside ones own mind is unsure, as a metaphysical position, solipsism goes further to the conclusion that the world and other minds do not exist. There are varying degrees of solipsism that parallel the varying degrees of skepticism, there are weaker versions of metaphysical solipsism, such as Caspar Hares egocentric presentism, in which other people are conscious but their experiences are simply not present. Epistemological solipsism is the variety of idealism according to only the directly accessible mental contents of the solipsistic philosopher can be known. The existence of a world is regarded as an unresolvable question rather than actually false. If a person sets up a camera to photograph the moon when he is not looking at it, logically, this does not assure that the moon itself existed at the time the photograph is supposed to have been taken. To establish that it is an image of an independent moon requires many other assumptions that amount to begging the question, methodological solipsism is an agnostic variant of solipsism. It exists in opposition to the strict requirements for Knowledge. It still entertains the points that any induction is fallible and that we may be brains in vats, only the existence of thoughts is known for certain. Importantly, methodological solipsists do not intend to conclude that the forms of solipsism are actually true. They simply emphasize that justifications of a world must be founded on indisputable facts about their own consciousness. The methodological solipsist believes that subjective impressions or innate knowledge are the possible or proper starting point for philosophical construction. Often methodological solipsism is not held as a system. Denial of materialistic existence, in itself, does not constitute solipsism, a feature of the metaphysical solipsistic worldview is the denial of the existence of other minds. Since personal experiences are private and ineffable, another beings experience can be only by analogy. Philosophers try to build knowledge on more than an inference or analogy, the experience of a given person is necessarily private to that person. Solipsism was first recorded by the Greek presocratic sophist, Gorgias who is quoted by the Roman skeptic Sextus Empiricus as having stated, even if something exists, nothing can be known about it. Even if something could be known about it, knowledge about it cant be communicated to others, much of the point of the Sophists was to show that objective knowledge was a literal impossibility. e
38.
Disgust
–
Disgust is an emotional response of revulsion to something considered offensive, distasteful, or unpleasant. In The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, Charles Darwin wrote that disgust is a sensation that refers to something revolting. Disgust is experienced primarily in relation to the sense of taste, musically sensitive people may even be disgusted by the cacophony of inharmonious sounds. Disgust is one of the emotions of Robert Plutchiks theory of emotions and has been studied extensively by Paul Rozin. It invokes a characteristic expression, one of Paul Ekmans six universal facial expressions of emotion. Unlike the emotions of fear, anger, and sadness, disgust is associated with a decrease in heart rate and it is believed that the emotion of disgust has evolved as a response to offensive foods that may cause harm to the organism. A common example of this is found in human beings who show disgust reactions to mouldy milk or contaminated meat, Disgust appears to be triggered by objects or people who possess attributes that signify disease. This behavioral immune system has found to make sweeping generalizations because it is more costly to perceive a sick person as healthy than to perceive a healthy person as sickly. This can be explained in terms of each of the types of disgust, for those especially sensitive to moral disgust, they would want to be less aggressive because they want to avoid hurting others. Based on these findings, disgust may be used as an tool to decrease aggression in individuals. Disgust may produce specific responses, such as reduced blood pressure, lowered heart-rate. Research has also found that people who are sensitive to disgust tend to find their own in-group more attractive. Taking a further look into hygiene, disgust was the strongest predictor of attitudes toward obese individuals. A disgust reaction to obese individuals was also connected with views of moral values, Disgust may have an important role in certain forms of morality. Pathogen disgust arises from a desire to survive and, ultimately and he compares it to a behavioral immune system that is the first line of defense against potentially deadly agents such as dead bodies, rotting food, and vomit. Sexual disgust arises from a desire to avoid biologically costly mates, the two primary considerations are intrinsic quality and genetic compatibility. Moral disgust pertains to social transgressions and includes such as lying, theft, murder. Unlike the other two domains, moral disgust motivates avoidance of social relationships with norm-violating individuals because those relationships threaten group cohesion, sensitivity to disgust rises during pregnancy, along with levels of the hormone progesterone
39.
Rolling Stone
–
Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
40.
Audio mastering
–
Mastering requires critical listening, however, software tools exist to facilitate the process. Mastering is a gateway between production and consumption and, as such, it involves technical knowledge as well as specific aesthetics. Results still depend upon the accuracy of speaker monitors and the listening environment, mastering engineers may also need to apply corrective equalization and dynamic compression in order to optimise sound translation on all playback systems. It is standard practice to make a copy of a recording, known as a safety copy, in case the master is lost. In the earliest days of the industry, all phases of the recording and mastering process were entirely achieved by mechanical processes. The cutting head, driven by the energy transferred from the horn and these masters were usually made from either a soft metal alloy or from wax, this gave rise to the colloquial term waxing, referring to the cutting of a record. Until the introduction of recording, master recordings were almost always cut direct-to-disc. Only a small minority of recordings were mastered using previously recorded material sourced from other discs, in the late 1940s, the recording industry was revolutionized by the introduction of magnetic tape. Magnetic tape was invented for recording sound by Fritz Pfleumer in 1928 in Germany, not until the end of World War II could the technology be found outside of Europe. The introduction of tape recording enabled master discs to be cut separately in time. From the 1950s until the advent of recording in the late 1970s. Once the studio recording on tape was complete, a final mix was prepared and dubbed down to the master tape. Prior to the cutting of the disc, the master tape was often subjected to further electronic treatment by a specialist mastering engineer. After the advent of tape it was found that, especially for pop recordings and this was done by making fine adjustments to the amplitude of sound at different frequency bands prior to the cutting of the master disc. Record mastering became a prized and skilled craft, and it was widely recognized that good mastering could make or break a commercial pop recording. As a result, the independent mastering studio was born, early independent mastering engineers included Doug Sax, Bob Ludwig, Bob Katz and Bernie Grundman and Denny Purcell. In large recording companies such as EMI, the process was usually controlled by specialist staff technicians who were conservative in their work practices. In the 1990s, electro-mechanical processes were largely superseded by digital technology, with digital recordings stored on disk drives or digital tape
41.
Iowa World Tour
–
Iowa World Tour was a worldwide concert tour in 2001 and 2002 headlined by Slipknot in support of their second studio album Iowa. Kill The Industry was a leg of the Iowa World Tour in Europe, musicians that accompanied the tour include Static-X, Mudvayne, Amen and Raging Speedhorn. Slipknot joined the 2001 Ozzfest, performing on the stage after Papa Roach. The Pledge of Allegiance Tour was a leg co-headlined by the metal band System of a Down. Both groups used the tour as a promotion for their new albums, the band played 27 shows all over the United States and had support from Rammstein, American Head Charge, Mudvayne and No One. Originally, No One were to open the tour and American Head Charge was to take their set for the half of the tour. Due to the terrorist attacks, Mudvayne dropped off the tour leaving a set on October 2. To fill the gap, American Head Charge came onto the tour early, a Pledge of Allegiance CD, reported by Metal Hammer to have been largely recorded at the Rosemont date in October, includes SOADs Chop Suey. Bounce and Toxicity, Slipknots People = Shit, The Heretic Anthem and New Abortion, Mudvaynes Under My Skin and Pharmaecopia, American Head Charges Seamless, however, complained Malcolm Dome, Mudvaynes two tracks… are taken from their DVD L D50, Live in Peoria. And, for reasons best known to themselves, Rammstein are completely absent, so this is far from being the complete live documentation of the tour many would have hoped and liked to experience on the CD. The European Iowa Tour was intended to begin around the September 11 attacks, but because of the incident, in mid-November 2001, the wife of the bands percussionist, Shawn Crahan, underwent surgery for Crohns disease, which forced Crahan to not participate in Slipknots live performances. However, the announced that they plan to go ahead with their upcoming European tour. Slipknot arrived in Glasgow, Scotland for a performance on February 14,2002 to kick off the European Iowa Tour, which was its penultimate leg. On February 16,2002, Slipknot performed at the London Arena, despite significant tabloid coverage, the European Iowa Tour was not sold out. The Japanese leg kicked off on April 4,2002 with two shows in the Tokyo Bay NK Hall in Tokyo, the tour is part of a worldwide tour to promote Iowa, the Japan Iowa Tour was preceded by the European Iowa Tour. This leg consisted of festival appearances across Europe, beginning with the Festival Ilha Do Ermal on August 20,2002. They also notably performed at the 2002 Reading and Leeds Festivals in the United Kingdom, because of the shorter set times available at festivals, Gently and New Abortion were removed from the setlist on this leg
42.
Ozzfest
–
Ozzfest is an annual festival tour of the United States and sometimes Europe featuring performances by many heavy metal and hard rock musical groups. It was founded by Ozzy Osbourne and his wife Sharon Osbourne, Ozzy Osbourne and Black Sabbath have played the tour several times over the years. The festival was created in 1996 by Ozzy Osbournes wife and manager, Sharon Osbourne, the tour was well-received, which prompted the festival to become a yearly occurrence. The first Ozzfest was not a tour, but rather a two-day festival held in Phoenix, Arizona and Devore. In 1997, there were protests outside of the festival to cancel Marilyn Mansons performance. There were also protests of a nature in 2001, following the Columbine High School massacre. In 1998, Ozzfest ventured outside the United States for the first time into the United Kingdom, the festival would eventually return to the UK in 2001 and 2002. The concert on 18 July 1998 at Float Rite Park was merged with Warped Tour 1998, some 39,000 fans were at the 12-hour, six-stage, 48-band event. Two compilation albums of the Ozzfest tour were released, one covering select 2001 performances, Ozzy selected one member from each chosen band to tag along on the tour. Each contestant had to complete challenges to improve his/her bands chances of winning the contest. Occasionally, meetings would be held and certain contestants would be eliminated for various reasons, the person who prevailed as the winner and guaranteed his bands spot on the Ozzfest tour was Marc Serrano from metalcore act A Dozen Furies. At Iron Maidens last Ozzfest performance, on 20 August 2005 at the Hyundai Pavilion at Glen Helen in San Bernardino, California, several negative events took place. During three of Iron Maidens songs, the P. A. system was switched off, cutting power to Dickinsons microphone, during the concert, Bruce Dickinson can be heard accusing the festivals organizers of deliberately cutting off the bands power. On Iron Maidens departure, Sharon Osbourne came on stage to make a few statements, telling the audience that she absolutely loved Iron Maiden, rod Smallwood, manager for Iron Maiden, issued a statement shortly after the debacle condemning the attack on the band. On a later Howard Stern Show, In 2006, Bruce Dickinson commented, Did I have a go at Ozzy, but I do find The Osbournes TV series loathsome, and the whole cult of reality TV celebrities disgusting. In response to claims that he had apologised to Ozzy for Dickinsons behaviour, what I actually said was that, if there was anything to apologise for, then Id do it. But that was twisted around to seem like Id said sorry – that never happened, on 7 February 2007, it was announced that tickets to Ozzfest 2007 would be offered free of charge, dubbing the 2007 Ozzfest as free fest. Tickets were made available through websites, the Ozzfest web site and to those buying an advance copy of Ozzy Osbournes new release
43.
System of a Down
–
System of a Down, sometimes shortened to SOAD or System, is an Armenian-American heavy metal band from Glendale, California, formed in 1994. The band currently consists of Serj Tankian, Daron Malakian, Shavo Odadjian, the band achieved commercial success with the release of five studio albums, three of which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. System of a Down has been nominated for four Grammy Awards, the group briefly disbanded in August 2006 and reunited in November 2010, embarking on a tour for the following three years. System of a Down has sold over 40 million records worldwide and they formed a band named Soil with Tankian on vocals and keyboards, Malakian on vocals and guitar, Dave Hakopyan on bass and Domingo Dingo Laranio on drums. The band hired Shavo Odadjian as manager, although he eventually joined Soil as rhythm guitarist, in 1994, after only one live show, and one jam session recording, Hakopyan and Laranio left the band, feeling that it was not going anywhere. After Soil split up, Tankian, Odadjian, and Malakian formed a new band, the group took its name from a poem that Malakian had written titled Victims of a Down. Odadjian switched from guitar to bass and passed on his duties to Velvet Hammer Music and Management Group. The band recruited drummer Ontronik Andy Khachaturian, an old friend of Malakians and Odadjians who had played with Malakian in a band called Snowblind during their teens. In early 1995, System played as Soil at the Cafe Club Fais Do-Do, Demo Tape 2 was released in 1996. At the beginning of 1997, System of a Down recorded their final publicly released demo tape, in mid-1997, drummer Khachaturian left the band because of a hand injury. Khachaturian was replaced by John Dolmayan, the bands first official release of a professionally recorded song was on a collection called Hye Enk, an Armenian Genocide recognition compilation, in 1997. Soon after playing at notable Hollywood clubs such as the Whisky-A-Go-Go, showing great interest, the group recorded Demo Tape 4 near the end of 1997. Unlike the previous demo tapes, however, Demo Tape 4 was made only to be sent to record companies, also in 1997, the group won the Best Signed Band Award from the Rock City Awards. In June 1998, System of a Down released their debut album and they enjoyed moderate success as their first singles Sugar and Spiders became radio favorites and the music videos for both songs were frequently aired on MTV. After the release of the album, the band toured extensively, opening for Slayer, following Ozzfest, they toured with Fear Factory and Incubus before headlining the Sno-Core Tour with Puya, Mr. Bungle, The Cat and Incubus providing support. In November 1998, System of a Down appeared on South Parks Chef Aid album, near the end of the song Tankian can be heard saying, Why must we kill our own kind. A line that would later be used in the song Boom, although System of a Down is credited on the album, South Park character Chef does not introduce them as he does every other artist featured on the record. System of a Downs former drummer, Ontronik Khachaturian, briefly reunited with the band at a show at The Troubadour in 1999, in 2000, the band contributed their cover of the Black Sabbath song Snowblind to the Black Sabbath tribute album Nativity in Black 2
