Irish indentured servants
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Irish indentured servants were Irish people who became indentured servants in territories under the control of the British Empire, such as the British West Indies, Newfoundland, British North America
George Ayscue, an English Governor of Barbados. He conquered Barbados for the Cromwellian forces in 1651.
Slaves having a stick fight. A white indentured servant is standing on the left.
Irish Confederate Wars
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The Irish Confederate Wars took place from 1641 to 1653. The conflict began with the Irish rising of 1641 and evolved into a prolonged struggle over Ireland's future, as Irish forces sought to defend
Irish indentured servants
…small farmers, or artisans. The type of labor being used in American colonies shifted dramatically after 1642, as the Irish Rebellion of 1641, the Irish Confederate Wars, and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms led to a reduction in the number of voluntary migrants, while growing numbers of prisoners of war, political…
Engraving of alleged atrocities committed during the 1641 Rebellion
Kilkenny Castle, seat of the Confederate General Assembly
Inchiquin, commander in Munster, who defected to Parliament in 1644, then returned to the Royalists in 1648; an example of the complex mix of loyalties and motives
Bunratty Castle, besieged and taken by the Irish Confederates from an English Parliamentarian force in 1646