1.
Denmark
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The term Danish Realm refers to the relationship between Denmark proper, the Faroe Islands and Greenland—three countries constituting the Kingdom of Denmark. The legal nature of the Kingdom of Denmark is fundamentally one of a sovereign state. The Faroe Islands and Greenland have been part of the Crown of Denmark since 1397 when the Kalmar Union was ratified, legal matters in The Danish Realm are subject to the Danish Constitution. Beginning in 1953, state law issues within The Danish Realm has been governed by The Unity of the Realm, a less formal name for The Unity of the Realm is the Commonwealth of the Realm. In 1978, The Unity of The Realm was for the first time referred to as rigsfællesskabet. The name caught on and since the 1990s, both The Unity of The Realm and The Danish Realm itself has increasingly been referred to as simply rigsfællesskabet in daily parlance. The Danish Constitution stipulates that the foreign and security interests for all parts of the Danish Realm are the responsibility of the Danish government, the Faroes received home rule in 1948 and Greenland did so in 1979. In 2005, the Faroes received a self-government arrangement, and in 2009 Greenland received self rule, the Danish Realms unique state of internal affairs is acted out in the principle of The Unity of the Realm. This principle is derived from Article 1 of the Danish Constitution which specifies that constitutional law applies equally to all areas of the Danish Realm, the Constitutional Act specifies that sovereignty is to continue to be exclusively with the authorities of the Realm. The language of Denmark is Danish, and the Danish state authorities are based in Denmark, the Kingdom of Denmarks parliament, with its 179 members, is located in the capital, Copenhagen. Two of the members are elected in each of Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Government ministries are located in Copenhagen, as is the highest court, in principle, the Danish Realm constitutes a unified sovereign state, with equal status between its constituent parts. Devolution differs from federalism in that the powers of the subnational authority ultimately reside in central government. The Self-Government Arrangements devolves political competence and responsibility from the Danish political authorities to the Faroese, the Faroese and Greenlandic authorities administer the tasks taken over from the state, enact legislation in these specific fields and have the economic responsibility for solving these tasks. The Danish government provides a grant to the Faroese and the Greenlandic authorities to cover the costs of these devolved areas. The 1948 Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands sets out the terms of Faroese home rule, the Act states. the Faroe Islands shall constitute a self-governing community within the State of Denmark. It establishes the government of the Faroe Islands and the Faroese parliament. The Faroe Islands were previously administered as a Danish county, the Home Rule Act abolished the post of Amtmand and these powers were expanded in a 2005 Act, which named the Faroese home government as an equal partner with the Danish government
2.
Copenhagen
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Copenhagen, Danish, København, Latin, Hafnia) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark. Copenhagen has an population of 1,280,371. The Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants, the city is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand, another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the strait of Øresund. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road, originally a Viking fishing village founded in the 10th century, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a centre of power with its institutions, defences. After suffering from the effects of plague and fire in the 18th century and this included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. Later, following the Second World War, the Finger Plan fostered the development of housing, since the turn of the 21st century, Copenhagen has seen strong urban and cultural development, facilitated by investment in its institutions and infrastructure. The city is the cultural, economic and governmental centre of Denmark, Copenhagens economy has seen rapid developments in the service sector, especially through initiatives in information technology, pharmaceuticals and clean technology. Since the completion of the Øresund Bridge, Copenhagen has become integrated with the Swedish province of Scania and its largest city, Malmö. With a number of connecting the various districts, the cityscape is characterized by parks, promenades. Copenhagen is home to the University of Copenhagen, the Technical University of Denmark, the University of Copenhagen, founded in 1479, is the oldest university in Denmark. Copenhagen is home to the FC København and Brøndby football clubs, the annual Copenhagen Marathon was established in 1980. Copenhagen is one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world, the Copenhagen Metro serves central Copenhagen while the Copenhagen S-train network connects central Copenhagen to its outlying boroughs. Serving roughly 2 million passengers a month, Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup, is the largest airport in the Nordic countries, the name of the city reflects its origin as a harbour and a place of commerce. The original designation, from which the contemporary Danish name derives, was Køpmannæhafn, meaning merchants harbour, the literal English translation would be Chapmans haven. The English name for the city was adapted from its Low German name, the abbreviations Kbh. or Kbhvn are often used in Danish for København, and kbh. for københavnsk. The chemical element hafnium is named for Copenhagen, where it was discovered, the bacterium Hafnia is also named after Copenhagen, Vagn Møller of the State Serum Institute in Copenhagen named it in 1954. Excavations in Pilestræde have also led to the discovery of a well from the late 12th century, the remains of an ancient church, with graves dating to the 11th century, have been unearthed near where Strøget meets Rådhuspladsen
3.
Frederiksberg
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Frederiksberg is a part of the Capital Region of Denmark. It is formally an independent municipality, Frederiksberg Municipality, but is treated as a part of Copenhagen. It occupies an area of less than 9 km2 and had a population of 103,192 in 2015, Frederiksberg is an enclave surrounded by Copenhagen Municipality and there is no clear border between the two. Some sources ambiguously refer to Frederiksberg as a quarter or neighbourhood of Copenhagen, however, Frederiksberg has its own mayor and municipal council, and is fiercely independent. Frederiksberg is considered to be an affluent, or posh, area, the town is characterised by its many green spaces, such as the Frederiksberg Gardens and Søndermarken. Some institutions and locations that are considered to be part of Copenhagen are actually located in Frederiksberg. For example, Copenhagen Zoo as well as stations of the Copenhagen Metro are located in Frederiksberg. The Copenhagen S-train system also has stations in Frederiksberg, including Peter Bangs Vej station. Frederiksbergs original name was Tulehøj, indicating that a thul lived there, the term is known from the Snoldelev rune stone. In Beowulf, Unferth holds the same title, in Håvamål, Odin himself is referred to as the old thul. Thula translates as song, like in the Rigsthula poem from the Edda, by 1443 the name Tulehøj was spelled Tulleshøy. It was regarded as Copenhagens border to the west, people lived here since the Bronze Age. Farming was not very successful, and in 1697 most of the burned down. This meant that the peasants were unable to pay taxes, in 1700-1703, King Frederik IV built a palace on top of the hill known as Valby Bakke. He named the palace Frederichs Berg, and the town at the foot of the hill consequently changed its name to Frederiksberg. A number of the houses were bought by wealthy citizens of Copenhagen who did not farm the land. The town changed slowly from a community to a merchant town, with craftsmen. During the summer rooms were offered for rent, and restaurants served food to the people of Copenhagen who had left the city for the open land
4.
Kongens Lyngby
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Kongens Lyngby is the seat and commercial centre of Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality in the northern suburbs of Copenhagen, Denmark. Lyngby Hovedgade is a shopping street and the site of a branch of Magasin du Nord as well as Lyngby Storcenter. The district is home to several major companies, including COWI A/S. Lyngby station is located on the Hillerød radial of Copenhagens S-train network, Kongens Lyngby borders, Brede, the municipality of Gentofte, Sorgenfri, where the Danish Prime Ministers official residence, Marienborg, lies, and the Gladsaxe municipality. The name Kongens Lyngby is first recorded in 1893, at that time large parts of North Zealand belonged to the Catholic Church (represented by Roskilde Cathedral and the name Lyngby was associated with several places. Store Lyngby belonged to Arresø church and our Lyngby, on the other hand, was crown land. It may therefore have been to distinguish it from other places that the name emerged. The original Lyngby village is now known as Bondebyen, Kongens Lyngby was also the site of a watermill, Lyngby Watermill, which is first mentioned in 1492 but is probably several hundred years older. A royal road, Lyngby Kongevej, was created in 1584 to provide a link between Copenhagen and Fredericks new Frederiksborg Castle from where it was later extended to Fredensborg and Helsingør. It was the first of a number of royal roads created by Frederick II, in the 18th century, a growing number of country houses were built in the area by civil servants and merchants from Copenhagen. Kongens Lyngby had no rights but developed into a local service centre with an increasing number of craftsmen. In the 1930s, Kongens Lyngby developed into a modern suburb, the North Line was converted into an S-train line with more stations and Kongens Lyngby gradually merged with the neighboring settlements. Kongens Lyngby is the important shopping destination in the northern suburbs, Lyngby Hovedgade is a busy shopping site and is the site of a Magasin du Nord as well as Lyngby Storcenter
5.
Glostrup
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Glostrup is a Danish town in Region Hovedstaden, forming one of the western suburbs of Copenhagen. It is the seat of Glostrup Municipality, with an estimated population of 22,357 as of 2015. During the 20th century Glostrup developed from a railroad town into a modern middle class suburb. The population reached a peak during the 1970s flight from central Copenhagen, while most of Copenhagens western suburbs are dominated by public housing projects, Glostrups mix is around the Danish average. A series of companies, e. g. Grontmijs and Motorolas Danish sections, along with NKT Holding. Along with the municipalities, it forms the center of Copenhagens productive industry. Glostrup Municipality has a total of 21,200 jobs in the private, Glostrup is also home to a series of public offices and institutions, e. g. Københavns Vestegn Police Departement and Glostrup Court, covering the western and northern suburbs of Copenhagen. Glostrup Hospital was inaugurated in 1958 and employs 3,200 people, the village of Glostrup was established some time between 1000 and 1197 and is named after its founder Glob. The village is first mentioned between 1186 and 1197 as Glostorp, but Glostrup church is from around 1150, indicating that a community was already found at the site at this point. Most of the privately owned land came under Roskilde Cathedral over the couple of centuries but was confiscated by the Crown after the Reformation in 1536. Sources from 1682 indicate that the soil in the area was quite fertile as the village consisted of eight farms and 13 houses, most of the smallholders worked for the farmers. In 1773, when the new Roskilde Road was constructed between Copenhagen and Roskilde was constructed, it became the road of the area. Glostrup was a station on the new railway, Denmarks first, Glostrup changed character and the population grew significantly during the last decades of the century. A poorhouse was established in 1862 and it was followed by a pharmacy in 1864, an increasing number of industrial enterprises also established in the area. Lever Brothers opened a factory in 1924. Glostrup Housing Association was founded in 1943 as a part of the expansion of the Danish capitol, the growing population combined with the already miserable living conditions in the central city led to a series of national plans to expand the number of housing units. The largest project of the association was the building of 1,200 housing units in relation to the building of Glostrup Hospital and they were built between 1956 and 1965, ultimately defining Glostrup as a suburb rather than a village. Other large plans included the erection of Avedøre Stationsby and the Hvissinge Plan, transport in Glostrup has historically been dominated by the railroad station opened on the first Danish railroad in 1847 between Copenhagen and Roskilde
6.
Gentofte Municipality
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Gentofte Kommune is a municipality in the Capital Region of Denmark on the east coast of the island of Zealand in eastern Denmark. It covers an area of 25.54 km2, and has a population of 74,548. Since 1993, its mayor has been Hans Toft, a member of the Conservative Peoples Party, the municipality is an amalgamation of three formerly independent towns, and several other local settlements, all close to one another. The site of its council is in Charlottenlund. The three original towns were Gentofte, Vangede and Ordrup and it later included Tuborg, Skovshoved, Dyssegård, Hellerup, Jægersborg, and Klampenborg. Neighboring municipalities are Lyngby-Taarbæk to the north, Gladsaxe to the west, the Øresund, the strait that separates Zealand from Sweden, is to the east. Gentofte municipality was not merged with other municipalities in the 1 January 2007 nationwide Kommunalreformen, Øregård Museum Gentofte Municipality is home to four public upper secondary schools, Øregård and Gammel Hellerup in Hellerup, Aurehøj in Gentofte and Ordrup Gymnasium in Ordrup. Gentofte Studenterkursus offers a 2-year programme, the most important parks are Charlottenlund Beach Park, Hellerup Beach Park, Bernstorff Park. Natural habitats are found at Gentofte Sø, a lake with lots of birds on it, Ermelunden in Jægersborg and Gammelmose in Vangede, Øregård Park with a beautiful lake, benches. A small section of Jægersborg Dyrehave also extends into the municipality, while the rest, arne Jacobsen, architect and furniture designer, who built extensively in Gentofte and lived on Strandvejen. Shipping tycoon Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller also had his residence in the municipality, composer Per Nørgård was born in Gentofte. Writer Dan Turèll lived in the Vangede part of Gentofte from 1955–1964 and he documented these years in his 1975 book Vangede billeder. He moved to Los Angeles in 1980, singer an songwriter Agnes Obel was born in Gentofte. She moved to Berlin in 2005, musician Alex Vargas was born in Gentofte. He moved to London at 17
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