Ishtiaq Ahmed is a Pakistani-Swedish political scientist and author. He holds a PhD in Political Science from Stockholm University. He is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at Stockholm University. Ahmed’s work provides a comprehensive and critical examination of the political history of South Asia, particularly focusing on the partition of India and the role of key figures like Jinnah. His writings offer valuable insights into the complex dynamics of religion, language, and politics in the region.

Arain are a large Punjabi Muslim agricultural community with a strong political identity and level of organisation.