1.
Portofino
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Portofino is an Italian fishing village and vacation resort famous for its picturesque harbour and historical association with celebrity and artistic visitors. It is a located in the Metropolitan City of Genoa on the Italian Riviera. The town is clustered around its harbour, and is known for the colourfully painted buildings that line the shore. According to Pliny the Elder, Portofino was founded by the Romans and named Portus Delphini, or Port of the Dolphin, the village is mentioned in a diploma from 986 by Adelaide of Italy, which assigned it to the nearby Abbey of San Fruttuoso di Capodimonte. In 1171, together with the neighbouring Santa Margherita Ligure, it was included in Rapallos commune jurisdiction, after 1229 it was part of the Republic of Genoa. The towns natural harbour supported a fleet of fishing boats, but was too cramped to provide more than a temporary safe haven for the growing merchant marine of the Republic of Genoa. In 1409 Portofino was sold to the Republic of Florence by Charles VI of France, in the 15th century it was a fief of families such as the Fieschi, Spinola, Adorno, and Doria. In 1815 it became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia and, from 1861, in the late 19th century, first British, then other Northern European aristocratic tourists began to visit Portofino, which they reached by horse and cart from Santa Margherita Ligure. Aubrey Herbert and Elizabeth von Arnim were amongst the more famous English people to make the area fashionable, eventually more expatriates built expensive vacation houses, and by 1950 tourism had supplanted fishing as the towns chief industry, and the waterfront was a continuous ring of restaurants and cafés. Statue of Christ of the Abyss, placed underwater on 29 August 1954 in the inlet at a depth of 17 metres and this statue was placed to protect fishermen and scuba divers and in memory of Dario Gonzatti. Sculpted by Guido Galletti, it represents Christ in the act of blessing while looking up towards the sky with open arms in sign of peace, church of St. George, housing some saints relics. Oratory of Santa Maria Assunta, in Gothic style, Portofino is often thought to be the inspiration for Sir Clough Williams-Ellis Italianate village named Portmeirion, built between 1925 and 1975, in north Wales. However, this was denied by the architect. He stated only that he wanted to pay tribute to the atmosphere of the Mediterranean and he did, however, draw on a love of the Italian village, stating How should I not have fallen for Portofino. Indeed its image remained with me as an almost perfect example of the man-made adornment, Portofino became famous in the 1950s with the song Love In Portofino which was written by Leo Chiosso and composed by Fred Buscaglione, and released on 12 May 1958. Fred Buscaglione was also the first singer to perform it, Portofino is the eponym of Frank Schaeffers Portofino, A Novel. It was the first of Schaeffers Calvin Becker Trilogy, Portofino is one of the shooting locations of the 1995 Antonioni / Wenders film, Beyond the Clouds. There is a replication, in authentic detail, of the Portofino Bay at Universal Orlando Resort in Orlando, USA
2.
Italian language
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By most measures, Italian, together with Sardinian, is the closest to Latin of the Romance languages. Italian is a language in Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City. Italian is spoken by minorities in places such as France, Montenegro, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Crimea and Tunisia and by large expatriate communities in the Americas. Many speakers are native bilinguals of both standardized Italian and other regional languages, Italian is the fourth most studied language in the world. Italian is a major European language, being one of the languages of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe. It is the third most widely spoken first language in the European Union with 65 million native speakers, including Italian speakers in non-EU European countries and on other continents, the total number of speakers is around 85 million. Italian is the working language of the Holy See, serving as the lingua franca in the Roman Catholic hierarchy as well as the official language of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Italian is known as the language of music because of its use in musical terminology and its influence is also widespread in the arts and in the luxury goods market. Italian has been reported as the fourth or fifth most frequently taught foreign language in the world, Italian was adopted by the state after the Unification of Italy, having previously been a literary language based on Tuscan as spoken mostly by the upper class of Florentine society. Its development was influenced by other Italian languages and to some minor extent. Its vowels are the second-closest to Latin after Sardinian, unlike most other Romance languages, Italian retains Latins contrast between short and long consonants. As in most Romance languages, stress is distinctive, however, Italian as a language used in Italy and some surrounding regions has a longer history. What would come to be thought of as Italian was first formalized in the early 14th century through the works of Tuscan writer Dante Alighieri, written in his native Florentine. Dante is still credited with standardizing the Italian language, and thus the dialect of Florence became the basis for what would become the language of Italy. Italian was also one of the recognised languages in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Italy has always had a dialect for each city, because the cities. Those dialects now have considerable variety, as Tuscan-derived Italian came to be used throughout Italy, features of local speech were naturally adopted, producing various versions of Regional Italian. Even in the case of Northern Italian languages, however, scholars are not to overstate the effects of outsiders on the natural indigenous developments of the languages
3.
Ligurian Sea
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The Ligurian Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, between the Italian Riviera and the island of Corsica. The sea is named after the ancient Ligures people. The sea borders Italy as far as its border with France, in the east the sea borders the Tyrrhenian Sea, while in the west it borders the Mediterranean Sea proper. Genoa is the most prominent city in the area, the northwest coast is noted for its scenic beauty and favourable climate. The Gulf of Genoa is its northernmost part, the sea receives the Arno River from the east and many other rivers that originate in the Apennines. The ports of Genoa, La Spezia, and Livorno are on its rocky coast and it reaches a maximum depth of more than 9,300 feet northwest of Corsica. The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Ligurian Sea as follows, a line joining Cape Corse the Northern point of Corsica to the frontier between France and Italy. A line joining Cape Corse with Tinetto Island and thence through Tino, on the North The Ligurian Coast of Italy. In order to provide protection for the numerous species in the Ligurian Sea the bordering countries established the sea as a SPAMI in 1999. The International Ligurian Sea Cetacean Sanctuary now covers 84,000 km² covering territorial waters as well as high sea
4.
Maritime Alps
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The Maritime Alps are a mountain range in the southwestern part of the Alps. They form the border between the French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur and the Italian regions of Piedmont and Liguria and they are the southernmost part of the Alps. Administratively the range is divided between the Italian provinces of Cuneo and Imperia and the French department of Alpes-Maritimes. The Maritime Alps are drained by the rivers Roya, Var and Verdon and their tributaries on the French side, by the Stura di Demonte and other tributaries of the Tanaro and Po on the Italian side. There are many attractive perched villages, such as Belvédère at the entrance to the spectacular Gordolasque valley and this article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain, Chisholm, Hugh, ed. article name needed. Italian official cartography, on-line version, www. pcn. minambiente. it French official cartography, on-line version, www. geoportail. fr
5.
Apennine Mountains
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The Apennines or Apennine Mountains are a mountain range consisting of parallel smaller chains extending c. 1,200 km along the length of peninsular Italy. In the northwest they join with the Ligurian Alps at Altare, in the southwest they end at Reggio di Calabria, the coastal city at the tip of the peninsula. The system forms an arc enclosing the east side of the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian Seas, the name originally applied to the north Apennines. However, historical linguists have never found a derivation with which they are universally comfortable, wilhelm Deecke said. its etymology is doubtful but some derive it from the Ligurian-Celtish Pen or Ben, which means mountain peak. The mountains lend their name to the Apennine peninsula, which forms the part of Italy. They are mostly verdant, although one side of the highest peak, Corno Grande is partially covered by Calderone glacier and it has been receding since 1794. The eastern slopes down to the Adriatic Sea are steep, while the western slopes form foothills on which most of peninsular Italys cities are located. The mountains tend to be named from the province or provinces in which they are located, for example, as the provincial borders have not always been stable, this practice has resulted in some confusion about exactly where the montane borders are. Often but not always a feature can be found that lends itself to being a border. The Apennines are divided into three sectors, northern, central, and southern, a number of long hiking trails wind through the Apennines. Of note is European walking route E1 coming from northern Europe and traversing the lengths of the northern, the Grand Italian Trail begins in Trieste and after winding through the Alpine arc traverses the entire Apennine system, Sicily and Sardinia. The northern Apennines consist of three sub-chains, the Ligurian, Tuscan-Emilian, and Umbrian Apennines, the Ligurian Apennines border the Ligurian Sea in the Gulf of Genoa, from about Savona below the upper Bormida River valley to about La Spezia below the upper Magra River valley. The range follows the Gulf of Genoa separating it from the upper Po Valley, the northwestern border follows the line of the Bormida River to Acqui Terme. There the river continues northeast to Alessandria in the Po Valley, the upper Bormida can be reached by a number of roads proceeding inland at a right angle to the coast southwest of Savona, the chief one being the Autostrada Torino-Savona. They ascend to the Bocchetta di Altare, sometimes called Colle di Cadibona,436 m, a bronze plaque fixed to a stone marks the top of the pass. In the vicinity are fragments of the old road and three ruins of former fortifications, at Carcare, the main roads connect with the upper Bormida valley before turning west. The Scrivia, the Trebbia and the Taro, tributaries of the Po River, the range contains dozens of peaks. Toward the southern end the Aveto Natural Regional Park includes Monte Penna, nearby is the highest point of Ligurian Apennines, Monte Maggiorasca at 1,780 m
6.
France
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France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans 643,801 square kilometres and had a population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary republic with the capital in Paris. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse, during the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome, which held Gaul until 486, France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years War strengthening state-building and political centralisation. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a colonial empire was established. The 16th century was dominated by civil wars between Catholics and Protestants. France became Europes dominant cultural, political, and military power under Louis XIV, in the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire, whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War, the Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains to this day. Algeria and nearly all the colonies became independent in the 1960s with minimal controversy and typically retained close economic. France has long been a centre of art, science. It hosts Europes fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, France is a developed country with the worlds sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. In terms of household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, France remains a great power in the world, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a member state of the European Union and the Eurozone. It is also a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, originally applied to the whole Frankish Empire, the name France comes from the Latin Francia, or country of the Franks
7.
French Riviera
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The Côte dAzur, often known in English as the French Riviera, is the Mediterranean coastline of the southeast corner of France, also including the sovereign state of Monaco. There is no boundary, but it is usually considered to extend from the Italian border in the east to Saint-Tropez, Hyères, Toulon. This coastline was one of the first modern resort areas and it began as a winter health resort for the British upper class at the end of the 18th century. In the summer, it played home to many members of the Rothschild family. After World War II, it became a popular tourist destination and convention site, many celebrities, such as Elton John and Brigitte Bardot, have homes in the region. Officially, the Côte dAzur is home to 163 nationalities with 83,962 foreign residents and its largest city is Nice, which has a population of 347,060. The city is the center of a communauté urbaine – Nice-Côte dAzur – bringing together 24 communes, Nice is home to Nice Côte dAzur Airport, Frances third-busiest airport, which is on an area of partially reclaimed coastal land at the western end of the Promenade des Anglais. A second airport at Mandelieu was once the commercial airport. The A8 autoroute runs through the region, as does the old main road known as the Route nationale 7. Trains serve the region and inland to Grasse, with the TGV Sud Est service reaching Nice-Ville station in five. The French Riviera has a population of more than two million. The region has 35,000 students, of whom 25 percent are working toward a doctorate, the French Riviera is a major yachting and cruising area with several marinas along its coast. As a tourist center, French Riviera benefits from 310 to 330 days of sunshine per year,115 kilometres of coastline, the name Côte dAzur was given to the coast by the writer Stéphen Liégeard in his book, La Côte d’azur, published in December 1887. Liégeard was born in Dijon, in the French department of Côte-dOr, the term French Riviera is typical of English use. It was built by analogy with the term Italian Riviera, which extends east of the French Riviera. As early as the 19th century, the British referred to the region as the Riviera or the French Riviera, usually referring to the part of the coast. Originally, riviera is an Italian noun which means coastline, in Occitan and French, the only usual names are Còsta dAzur in Occitan and Côte dAzur in French. A name like French Riviera is unusual and sounds odd, it could work as a word-to-word translation of the British point of view
8.
Ventimiglia, Italy
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Ventimiglia is a city and comune in Liguria, northern Italy, in the province of Imperia. Ventimiglias urban area has a population of 55,000, Ventimiglia is the ancient Albium Intemelium, the capital of the Intemelii, a Ligurian tribe which long resisted the Romans, until in 115 BC it was forced to submit to Marcus Aemilius Scaurus. Albintimilium became a municipium in 89 BC, in AD69 the city was sacked by the army of Otho and Vitellius, but recovered to remain prosperous into the 5th century, surrounded by walls with cylindrical towers built at each change of direction. In the Gothic Wars it was besieged by the Byzantines and the Goths, and later suffered from the raids of Rothari, King of the Lombards, in the 10th century it was attacked by the Saracens of Fraxinet. After a period as an independent commune, it was ruled by the Counts of Ventimiglia, in 1139 the Genoese attacked it by land and sea and forced it to surrender, the count continued to hold the city and countship as a vassal of the victors. The city rebelled more than once against the Genoese and sided with their enemies, in 1271 in a war with Genoa its podestà Luca Grimaldi was captured. Ventimiglia was thus held by the dukes of Savoy and King Ladislaus of Naples. In 1505 it was annexed to the Genoese Republic, sharing its history until the early 19th century, in 1269 the Count of Ventimiglia, Gugliemo Pietro I Balbo married Eudossia Laskaris, daughter of Emperor Theodore II Laskaris. From them started the dynasty of the Lascaris of Tenda and they maintained the sovereign County of Tenda until 1501 when the last of them, Anne Lascaris, married Renato of Savoy and transferred the County to his cadet branch of Savoy dynasty. The most famous exponent of this branch of Lascaris was Beatrice of Tenda, the ruins of the ancient Albintimilium are situated in the plain of Nervia, c.2 kilometres to the east of the modern town. The caves of the Balzi Rossi have proved rich in remains of the Quaternary period. Remains of a family of Cro-Magnon people were discovered, with skeletons of men, women and children. Very important architecturally and historically is the ancient medieval city centre, the Church of San Michele Arcangelo was erected in the 10th century by the Counts of Ventimiglia on the foundations of a pagan temple. Later it was entrusted to the Benedictines of Lirins, in the 11th-12th centuries it was rebuilt in Romanesque style. In 1628 it lost the aisles after an earthquake and it houses milestones from the old Via Iulia Augusta, two of which are used as stoups and one supports the crypts vault. The present Romanesque Cathedral, with an 11th-century baptistery, is built on the ruins of an earlier Lombard church, the municipal library has the second largest collection of 17th-century manuscripts and books in Italy. Near Ventimiglia are the Genoese fortresses of Castel dAppio, Forte San Paolo, Ventimiglia is a popular summer destination for tourists on the French Riviera. Particularly popular all year with visitors from France is the street market, along the seafront of the new town
9.
Customs
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The movement of people into and out of a country is normally monitored by immigration authorities, under a variety of names and arrangements. Each country has its own laws and regulations for the import and export of goods into and out of a country, the import or export of some goods may be restricted or forbidden. In most countries, customs are attained through government agreements and international laws, a customs duty is a tariff or tax on the importation or exportation of goods. Commercial goods not yet cleared through customs are held in an area, often called a bonded store. All authorized ports are recognized customs areas, at airports, customs is the point of no return for all passengers, once a passenger has cleared customs, they cannot go back. In many countries, customs procedures for arriving passengers at many international airports and some road crossings are separated into red, passengers with goods to declare go through the red channel. Passengers with nothing to go through the green channel. Each channel is a point of no return, once a passenger has entered a particular channel, australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States do not officially operate a red and green channel system, however, some airports copy this layout. Airports in EU countries such as Finland, Ireland or the United Kingdom, as the EU is a customs union, travellers between EU countries do not have to pay customs duties. Value-added tax and excise duties may be if the goods are subsequently sold. Passengers arriving from other EU countries go through the blue channel, luggage tickets for checked luggage travelling within the EU are green-edged so they may be identified. In most EU member states, travellers coming from other EU countries can use the green lane. All airports in the United Kingdom operate a system, however some dont have a red channel. Customs is part of one of the three functions of a government, namely, administration, maintenance of law, order, and justice. However, in a bid to mitigate corruption, many countries have partly privatised their customs and this has occurred by way of contracting pre-shipment inspection agencies, which examine the cargo and verify the declared value before importation occurs. The countrys customs is obliged to accept the report for the purpose of assessing duties and taxes at the port of entry. It has been found that evasion of customs duty escalated when pre-shipment agencies took over and it has also been alleged that involvement of such agencies has caused shipping delays. Privatization of customs has been viewed as a fatal remedy, the basic customs law is harmonized across Europe within the European Union Customs Union
10.
La Spezia
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La Spezia, at the head of the Gulf of La Spezia in the Liguria region of Northern Italy is the capital city of the province of La Spezia. In terms of population, La Spezia is the city in the Liguria region. Located midway between Genoa and Pisa on the Ligurian Sea, it is one of the main Italian military and commercial harbours and it is important for its museums, for the Palio del Golfo, and for the railway and boat links with Cinque Terre. The area of La Spezia has been settled since pre-historic times, in Roman times the most important centre was Luni, now located in the vicinity of Sarzana. In fact, this Ligurian influence still is visible in the layout as well as in the types of buildings. La Spezia developed substantially after 1861 when the naval arsenal there was commissioned by the Royal government. In September 1943 after the Italian capitulation to the Allies, it was the port for the Italian Navy when it was ordered to steam into British hands at Malta. The Germans arrived too late to stop the departure of the fleet and it was sunk in the harbour in La Spezia in 1944. After the liberation, La Spezia became the point of departure for the survivors from the Nazi concentration camps, from the summer of 1945 to the spring of 1948 more than 23,000 Jewish displaced persons managed to leave Italy clandestinely for Mandate Palestine. After lengthy vicissitudes, the ships Fede, Fenice, and Komemiut managed to evacuate everyone from the Spezia gulf, to the point that on Israeli geographical maps, cristo Re dei Secoli, consecrated in 1975. The project was by Adalberto Libera, abbey church of Santa Maria Assunta. It houses a series of artworks, some of them coming from other suppressed religious institutes. They include an Incoronation of the Virgin by Andrea della Robbia and it has a single nave with eighteenth and nineteenth century decorations. Built in 1900 in the heart of the working-class neighborhood Quartiere Umbertino, in 1273 the Genoese destroyed it, and a new fortification, along with a new line of walls, was erected by the podesteria of La Spezia from 1371. Annexed to this edifice, the Republic of Genoa added a new castle starting from 1607, public Gardens Art Nouveau–style villas Futurist mosaic by Prampolini inside the Post Office La Spezia is a point of departure for the Cinque Terre, either by train or boat. The boat also serves Lerici and Portovenere before turning into the sea toward the Cinque Terre. These localities are accessible by transport,15 kilometres from the central railway station of the city. La Spezia has a humid subtropical and Mediterranean climate, since only one month receives less than 40 millimetres
11.
Tuscany
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Tuscany is a region in central Italy with an area of about 23,000 square kilometres and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants. Tuscany is known for its landscapes, traditions, history, artistic legacy, Tuscany produces wines, including Chianti, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Morellino di Scansano and Brunello di Montalcino. Having a strong linguistic and cultural identity, it is considered a nation within a nation. Tuscany is traditionally a popular destination in Italy, and the main tourist destinations by number of tourist arrivals are Florence, Pisa, Montecatini Terme, Castiglione della Pescaia and Grosseto. The village of Castiglione della Pescaia is also the most visited destination in the region. Additionally, Siena, Lucca, the Chianti region, Versilia and Val dOrcia are also internationally renowned, Tuscany has over 120 protected nature reserves, making Tuscany and its capital Florence popular tourist destinations that attract millions of tourists every year. In 2012, the city of Florence was the worlds 89th most visited city, roughly triangular in shape, Tuscany borders the regions of Liguria to the northwest, Emilia-Romagna to the north and east, Umbria to the east and Lazio to the southeast. The comune of Badia Tedalda, in the Tuscan Province of Arezzo, has an exclave named Ca Raffaello within Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany has a western coastline on the Tyrrhenian Sea, containing the Tuscan Archipelago, of which the largest island is Elba. Tuscany has an area of approximately 22,993 square kilometres, surrounded and crossed by major mountain chains, and with few plains, the region has a relief that is dominated by hilly country used for agriculture. Hills make up nearly two-thirds of the total area, covering 15,292 square kilometres, and mountains. Plains occupy 8. 4% of the total area—1,930 square kilometres —mostly around the valley of the River Arno, many of Tuscanys largest cities lie on the banks of the Arno, including the capital Florence, Empoli and Pisa. The pre-Etruscan history of the area in the late Bronze and Iron Ages parallels that of the early Greeks, following this, the Villanovan culture saw Tuscany, and the rest of Etruria, taken over by chiefdoms. City-states developed in the late Villanovan before Orientalization occurred and the Etruscan civilization rose, the Etruscans created the first major civilization in this region, large enough to establish a transport infrastructure, to implement agriculture and mining and to produce vibrant art. The Etruscans lived in Etruria well into prehistory, throughout their existence, they lost territory to Magna Graecia, Carthage and Celts. Despite being seen as distinct in its manners and customs by contemporary Greeks, the cultures of Greece, one reason for its eventual demise was this increasing absorption by surrounding cultures, including the adoption of the Etruscan upper class by the Romans. Soon after absorbing Etruria, Rome established the cities of Lucca, Pisa, Siena, and Florence, endowed the area with new technologies and development, and ensured peace. These developments included extensions of existing roads, introduction of aqueducts and sewers, however, many of these structures have been destroyed by erosion due to weather. The Roman civilization in the West collapsed in the 5th century AD, in the years following 572, the Longobards arrived and designated Lucca the capital of their Duchy of Tuscia
12.
Liguria
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Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, its capital is Genoa. The region is popular with tourists for its beaches, towns, Liguria is bordered by France to the west, Piedmont to the north, and Emilia-Romagna and Tuscany to the east. It lies on the Ligurian Sea, the narrow strip of land is bordered by the sea, the Alps and the Apennines mountains. Some mountains rise above 2,000 m, the line runs at an average altitude of about 1,000 m. The highest point of the region is the summit of Monte Saccarello, the winding arched extension goes from Ventimiglia to La Spezia. Of this,3,524.08 km2 are mountainous and 891.95 km2 are hills, Ligurias natural reserves cover 12% of the entire region, or 600 km2 of land. They are made up of one national reserve, six large parks, the continental shelf is very narrow, and so steep it descends almost immediately to considerable marine depths along its 350-kilometre coastline. Except for the Portovenere and Portofino promontories, it is not very jagged. At the mouths of the biggest watercourses there are small beaches, the ring of hills lying immediately beyond the coast together with the sea account for a mild climate year-round. Average winter temperatures are 7 to 10 °C and summer temperatures are 23 to 24 °C, rainfall can be abundant at times, as mountains very close to the coast create an orographic effect. Genoa and La Spezia can see up to 2,000 mm of rain in a year, evidence of Neanderthals living in the area was discovered in the region of Loano, whereas in Ventimiglia, in the grotto of Balzi Rossi, numerous remains were found of Cro-Magnon. According to Classical sources, the Ligurians, once lived in a far broader territory than present-day Liguria, for example, the Greek colony of Massalia, modern Marseille was recorded to lie in Ligurian territory. During the first Punic War, the ancient Ligurians were divided, some of them siding with Carthage, under Augustus, Liguria was designated a region of Italy stretching from the coast to the banks of the Po River. The great Roman roads helped strengthen territorial unity and increase communication, important towns developed on the coast, of which evidence is left in the ruins of Albenga, Ventimiglia and Luni. Between the 4th and the 10th centuries Liguria was dominated by the Byzantines, the Lombards of King Rothari and it was also invaded by Saracen and Norman raiders. In the 10th century, once the danger of pirates decreased, in the 11th and 12th centuries the marches were split into fees, and then with the strengthening of the bishops’ power, the feudal structure began to partially weaken. The main Ligurian towns, especially on the coast, became city-states, inland, however, fiefs belonging to noble families survived for a very long time. Between the 11th century and the 15th century, the Republic of Genoa experienced a political and commercial success
13.
Marseilles
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Marseille, also known as Marseilles in English, is a city in France. Known to the ancient Greeks and Romans as Massalia, Marseille was the most important trading centre in the region, Marseille is now Frances largest city on the Mediterranean coast and the largest port for commerce, freight and cruise ships. The city was European Capital of Culture, together with Košice, Slovakia and it hosted the European Football Championship in 2016, and will be the European Capital of Sport in 2017. The city is home to campuses of Aix-Marseille University and part of one of the largest metropolitan conurbations in France. Marseille is the second largest city in France after Paris and the centre of the third largest metropolitan area in France after Paris, further east still are the Sainte-Baume, the city of Toulon and the French Riviera. To the north of Marseille, beyond the low Garlaban and Etoile mountain ranges, is the 1,011 m Mont Sainte Victoire. To the west of Marseille is the artists colony of lEstaque, further west are the Côte Bleue, the Gulf of Lion. The airport lies to the north west of the city at Marignane on the Étang de Berre, the citys main thoroughfare stretches eastward from the Old Port to the Réformés quarter. Two large forts flank the entrance to the Old Port—Fort Saint-Nicolas on the south side and Fort Saint-Jean on the north. Further out in the Bay of Marseille is the Frioul archipelago which comprises four islands, one of which, If, is the location of Château dIf, the main commercial centre of the city intersects with the Canebière at rue St Ferréol and the Centre Bourse. To the south east of central Marseille in the 6th arrondissement are the Prefecture and the fountain of Place Castellane. To the south west are the hills of the 7th arrondissement, the railway station—Gare de Marseille Saint-Charles—is north of the Centre Bourse in the 1st arrondissement, it is linked by the Boulevard dAthènes to the Canebière. Marseille has a Mediterranean climate with mild, humid winters and warm to hot, december, January, and February are the coldest months, averaging temperatures of around 12 °C during the day and 4 °C at night. Marseille is officially the sunniest major city in France with over 2,900 hours of sunshine while the average sunshine in France is around 1,950 hours, less frequent is the Sirocco, a hot, sand-bearing wind, coming from the Sahara Desert. Snowfalls are infrequent, over 50% of years do not experience a single snowfall, Massalia, whose name was probably adapted from an existing language related to Ligurian, was the first Greek settlement in France. It was established within modern Marseille around 600 BC by colonists coming from Phocaea on the Aegean coast of Asia Minor. The connection between Massalia and the Phoceans is mentioned in Thucydidess Peloponnesian War, he notes that the Phocaean project was opposed by the Carthaginians, the founding of Massalia has also been recorded as a legend. Protis was invited inland to a banquet held by the chief of the local Ligurian tribe for suitors seeking the hand of his daughter Gyptis in marriage, at the end of the banquet, Gyptis presented the ceremonial cup of wine to Protis, indicating her unequivocal choice
14.
Genoa
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Genoa is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015,594,733 people lived within the administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian census, the Province of Genoa, over 1.5 million people live in the wider metropolitan area stretching along the Italian Riviera. Genoa has been nicknamed la Superba due to its glorious past, part of the old town of Genoa was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2006. The citys rich history in notably its art, music. It is the birthplace of Christopher Columbus, Niccolò Paganini, Giuseppe Mazzini, Genoa, which forms the southern corner of the Milan-Turin-Genoa industrial triangle of north-west Italy, is one of the countrys major economic centres. The city has hosted massive shipyards and steelworks since the 19th century, the Bank of Saint George, founded in 1407, is among the oldest in the world and has played an important role in the citys prosperity since the middle of the 15th century. Today a number of leading Italian companies are based in the city, including Fincantieri, Selex ES, Ansaldo Energia, Ansaldo STS, Edoardo Raffinerie Garrone, Piaggio Aerospace, the Genoa area has been inhabited since the fifth or fourth millennium BC. In ancient times this area was frequented and inhabited by Ligures, Phoenicians, Phocaeans, Greeks, and Etruscans. The city cemetery, dating from the 6th and 5th centuries BC, testifies to the occupation of the site by the Greeks, but the fine harbour probably saw use much earlier, perhaps by the Etruscans. In the 5th century BC was founded the first oppidum at the foot of the today called the Castle Hill which now is inside the medieval old town. The ancient Ligurian city was known as Stalia, so referred to by Artemidorus Ephesius and Pomponius Mela, Ligurian Stalia was overshadowed by the powerful Marseille and Vada Sabatia, near modern Savona. Stalia had an alliance with Rome through a foedus aequum in the course of the Second Punic War, the Carthaginians accordingly destroyed it in 209 BC. The town was rebuilt and, after the Carthaginian Wars ended in 146 BC. it received municipal rights, the original castrum thenceforth expanded towards the current areas of Santa Maria di Castello and the San Lorenzo promontory. Trades included skins, wood, and honey, goods were shipped to the mainland, up to major cities like Tortona and Piacenza. Among the archeological remains from the Roman period, an amphitheatre was also found, another theory traces the name to the Etruscan word Kainua which means New City and still another from the Latin word ianua, related to the name of the God Janus, meaning door or passage. The latter is in reference to its position at the centre of the Ligurian coastal arch. The Latin name, oppidum Genua, is recorded by Pliny the Elder as part of the Augustean Regio IX Liguria, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Ostrogoths occupied Genoa
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Tourism
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Tourism is travel for pleasure or business, also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. Tourism may be international, or within the travellers country, Tourism can be domestic or international, and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a countrys balance of payments. Today, tourism is a source of income for many countries. International tourism receipts grew to US$1.03 trillion in 2011, the ITB Berlin is the worlds leading tourism trade fair. The word tourist was used by 1772 and tourism by 1811. It is formed from the tour, which is derived from Old English turian, from Old French torner, from Latin tornare, to turn on a lathe. Tourism is an important, even vital, source of income for many regions and it also creates opportunities for employment in the service sector of the economy associated with tourism. This is in addition to goods bought by tourists, including souvenirs, in 1936, the League of Nations defined a foreign tourist as someone traveling abroad for at least twenty-four hours. Its successor, the United Nations, amended this definition in 1945 and it includes movements for all purposes. In 1981, the International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism defined tourism in terms of particular activities chosen and undertaken outside the home, in this context, travel has a similar definition to tourism, but implies a more purposeful journey. The terms tourism and tourist are sometimes used pejoratively, to imply a shallow interest in the cultures or locations visited, by contrast, traveler is often used as a sign of distinction. The sociology of tourism has studied the values underpinning these distinctions. International tourist arrivals reached 1.035 billion in 2012, up from over 996 million in 2011, the World Tourism Organization reports the following ten destinations as the most visited in terms of the number of international travellers in 2016. International tourism receipts grew to US$1.2 trillion in 2014, based upon air traffic, the MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index reports the following cities as the top ten most popular destinations of international tourism worldwide. MasterCard reports the following cities as the top ten biggest earners on international tourism worldwide in 2015, as early as Shulgi, however, kings praised themselves for protecting roads and building waystations for travelers. During the Roman Republic, spas and coastal resorts such as Baiae were popular among the rich, pausanias wrote his Description of Greece in the 2nd century AD. In ancient China, nobles sometimes made a point of visiting Mount Tai and, on occasion, the Islamic hajj is still central to its faith and Chaucers Canterbury Tales and Wu Chengens Journey to the West remain classics of English and Chinese literature. The 10th- to 13th-century Song dynasty also saw secular travel writers such as Su Shi, under the Ming, Xu Xiake continued the practice
16.
Byron
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George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, FRS, commonly known simply as Lord Byron, was a British poet, peer, politician, and a leading figure in the Romantic movement. Among his best-known works are the narrative poems, Don Juan and Childe Harolds Pilgrimage. Byron is regarded as one of the greatest British poets and remains widely read and influential and he travelled extensively across Europe, especially in Italy, where he lived for seven years with the struggling poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. Later in his life, Byron joined the Greek War of Independence fighting the Ottoman Empire. He died in 1824 at the age of 36 from a fever contracted while in Missolonghi, ethel Colburn Mayne states that George Gordon Byron was born on 22 January 1788 in a house on 24 Holles Street in London. However, Robert Charles Dallas in his Recollections states that Byron was born in Dover and he was the son of Captain John Mad Jack Byron and his second wife, the former Catherine Gordon, a descendant of Cardinal Beaton and heiress of the Gight estate in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Byrons father had seduced the married Marchioness of Carmarthen and, after she divorced her husband. His treatment of her was described as brutal and vicious, in order to claim his second wifes estate in Scotland, Byrons father took the additional surname Gordon, becoming John Byron Gordon, and he was occasionally styled John Byron Gordon of Gight. Byron himself used this surname for a time and was registered at school in Aberdeen as George Byron Gordon, at the age of 10, he inherited the English Barony of Byron of Rochdale, becoming Lord Byron, and eventually dropped the double surname. Byrons paternal grandparents were Vice-Admiral the Hon. John Foulweather Jack Byron, vice Admiral John Byron had circumnavigated the globe, and was the younger brother of the 5th Baron Byron, known as the Wicked Lord. He was christened, at St Marylebone Parish Church, George Gordon Byron after his maternal grandfather George Gordon of Gight, a descendant of James I of Scotland, Mad Jack Byron married his second wife for the same reason that he married his first, her fortune. In a move to avoid his creditors, Catherine accompanied her husband to France in 1786. He was born on 22 January in lodgings at Holles Street in London, Catherine moved back to Aberdeenshire in 1790, where Byron spent his childhood. His father soon joined them in their lodgings in Queen Street, Catherine regularly experienced mood swings and bouts of melancholy, which could be partly explained by her husbands continuing to borrow money from her. As a result, she fell even further into debt to support his demands and it was one of these importunate loans that allowed him to travel to Valenciennes, France, where he died in 1791. When Byrons great-uncle, the wicked Lord Byron, died on 21 May 1798, described as a woman without judgment or self-command, Catherine either spoiled and indulged her son or vexed him with her capricious stubbornness. Her drinking disgusted him, and he often mocked her for being short and corpulent and she once retaliated and, in a fit of temper, referred to him as a lame brat. Langley-Moore questions the Galt claim that she over-indulged in alcohol, upon the death of Byrons mother-in-law Judith Noel, the Hon
17.
Percy Bysshe Shelley
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Percy Bysshe Shelley was one of the major English Romantic poets, and is regarded by some as among the finest lyric, as well as most influential, poets in the English language. A radical in his poetry as well as in his political and social views, Shelley did not see fame during his lifetime, but recognition for his poetry grew steadily following his death. Shelley was a key member of a circle of visionary poets and writers that included Lord Byron, Leigh Hunt, Thomas Love Peacock, and his own second wife, Mary Shelley. Shelley is perhaps best known for such poems as Ozymandias, Ode to the West Wind, To a Skylark, Music, When Soft Voices Die, The Cloud. Shelleys close circle of friends included some of the most important progressive thinkers of the day, including his father-in-law, the philosopher William Godwin and Leigh Hunt. Though Shelleys poetry and prose output remained steady throughout his life, most publishers, Shelley became a lodestone to the subsequent three or four generations of poets, including important Victorian and Pre-Raphaelite poets such as Robert Browning and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. He was admired by Oscar Wilde, Thomas Hardy, George Bernard Shaw, Bertrand Russell, yeats, Upton Sinclair and Isadora Duncan. Henry David Thoreaus civil disobedience was apparently influenced by Shelleys non-violence in protest, Shelleys popularity and influence has continued to grow in contemporary poetry circles. Shelley was born on 4 August 1792 at Field Place, Broadbridge Heath, near Horsham, West Sussex, England. He was the eldest legitimate son of Sir Timothy Shelley, a Whig Member of Parliament for Horsham from 1790–92 and he had four younger sisters and one much younger brother. He received his education at home, tutored by the Reverend Evan Edwards of nearby Warnham. His cousin and lifelong friend Thomas Medwin, who lived nearby and it was a happy and contented childhood spent largely in country pursuits such as fishing and hunting. In 1802, he entered the Syon House Academy of Brentford, in 1804, Shelley entered Eton College, where he fared poorly, and was subjected to an almost daily mob torment at around noon by older boys, who aptly called these incidents Shelley-baits. Surrounded, the young Shelley would have his books torn from his hands and his clothes pulled at and this daily misery could be attributed to Shelleys refusal to take part in fagging and his indifference towards games and other youthful activities. Because of these peculiarities he acquired the nickname Mad Shelley, Shelley possessed a keen interest in science at Eton, which he would often apply to cause a surprising amount of mischief for a boy considered to be so sensible. Shelley would often use an electric machine to charge the door handle of his room. His friends were particularly amused when his tutor, Mr Bethell, in attempting to enter his room, was alarmed at the noise of the electric shocks. His mischievous side was again demonstrated by his last bit of naughtiness at school, despite these jocular incidents, a contemporary of Shelley, W. H. Merie, recalled that Shelley made no friends at Eton, although he did seek a kindred spirit without success
18.
Bordighera
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Bordighera is a town and comune in the Province of Imperia, Liguria. Bordighera is located at 20 km from France and it is possible to see the French coast with an eye from the town. Having the Capo Sant’Ampelio which protrudes into the sea, it is the southernmost commune of the region, the cape is at around the same latitude of Pisa and features a little church built in the XIth Century for Sant’Ampelio, the patron saint of the city. Since Bordighera is built where the Maritime Alps plunge into the sea it benefits from the Foehn effect which creates a microclimate that has warmer winters. The name of the city appears for the first time as Burdigheta in 1296, the area was particularly prosperous during Roman times because it was situated on the via Julia Augusta in the Ist Century B. C. The Moorish pirates started becoming rarer and rarer even though some particularly cruel ones still occasionally happened such as the one by the pirate Hayreddin Barbarossa in 1543. With pirate attacks diminishing the importance of the area became obvious to the Dukes of Savoy. The small village was transformed into a fortified town and gained importance until it became independent from the rival city Ventimiglia in 1683. Bartholomew Oratory to build what will be called Magnifica comunità degli otto luoghi, the goal of this meeting is to unite and gain independence from the nearby rival city of Ventimiglia. In 1797 Bordighera loses its independence completely and becomes part of the Palms Jurisdiction, the next change of power inside the region comes in 1815 in which the whole Liguria is annexed to the Kingdom of Sardegna after the Congress of Vienna. That zone is what constitutes Bordighera today and the old town is simply called Old Bordighera or High Bordighera due to its position over the hill. The Golden Age of the city comes in the XIXth Century when the low city is constructed next to the Corniche road and the sea which attracted English tourists. The touristic interest in Bordighera seems to have been sparked by a novel from Giovanni Ruffini, Il Dottor Antonio which was published in 1855 in Edinburgh and featured the town. The institution hosts its first famous resident in 1861, the British Prime Minister Lord John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, in 1873, the railway station is inaugurated, it allowed to travel from Paris to Bordighera in only 24hrs, which at the time was remarkably fast. With the opening of the Calais-Rome Express railway on the 8th December 1883, in 1887, Stéphen Liégard, in his famous book La Cote d’Azur, dedicated several pages to Bordighera and gave it a name that will stick, Queen of the Palm Trees. He also quotes the fact that the Empress Eugenie was hosted at the Grand Hotel de Bordighera in the autumn of 1886, in July 1947, Evita Peron visited Bordighera and, in order to honour her visit the seaside promenade was named Lungomare Argentina. The road is 2. 300m long, which makes it the longest promenade out of all present in the Riviera. Bordighera was the first town in Europe to grow date palms, casa Coraggio, Bordighera is one of the historic buildings in the city, there lived writers George MacDonald and Edmondo De Amicis
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Lerici
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For the district of Milan, see Muggiano. Lerici is a town and comune in the province of La Spezia in Liguria and it is situated on the coast of the Gulf of La Spezia,8 kilometres southeast of La Spezia. It is known as the place where the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley drowned, the town is connected by ferry to the Cinque Terre and Portovenere. One of the sights of Lerici is its castle which since its first founding in 1152 was used to help control the entrance of the Gulf of La Spezia. Today the castle contains a museum of palaeontology, the origins of the town date back to the Etruscan period. In the Middle Ages the town came under Genovese control, after it had been sold to Lucca, it became involved in a series of conflicts between Genoa and Pisa, as it was on their common border. In 1479, the town came under Genovese sway for good, Italian author Mario Soldati had a residence in the frazione of Tellaro. Italian painter Oreste Carpi spent many years in San Terenzo making hundreds of paintings and drawings reproducing town landscapes, english writers Mary Shelley and Percy Bysshe Shelley lived some three miles north in an isolated old boat house called Casa Magni, and anchored their sailing boat in Lerici. Their closest neighbours were the villagers of the hamlet of San Terenzo. Percy Bysshe Shelley drowned on 8 July 1822 in the Bay of Spezia, returning to Lerici from a journey to Leghorn and his corpse eventually washed up on the beach at Viareggio, located approximately halfway between Livorno and Lerici. The popularity of Lerici with the Shelleys and with Lord Byron earned the Golfo di Lerici its title of the Golfo dei Poeti, the Poets Bay. Hungarian author Baroness Emmuska Orczy, author of The Scarlet Pimpernel had a built in the hills above Lerici, near the locality of Bellavista. Orczy and her husband Montague Barstow spent several months there in the 1930s – alternating between La Padula, Villa Bijou in Monte Carlo, and trips to Britain, eventually they decided to abandon fascist Italy for Villa Bijou. Lerici is one of the communities which take part in the Palio del Golfo. Mougins, France, since 26 October 2008 Lerici is also twinned with Horsham, in Great Britain, Horsham is where Shelley was born, and Lerici where he died. Website of Pro Loco Lerici Learn about the events and tourist activities, Lerici Walks Castle to Castle Walk Description
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Cinque Terre
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The Cinque Terre is a rugged portion of coast on the Italian Riviera. It is in the Liguria region of Italy, to the west of the city of La Spezia, and comprises five villages, Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore. The coastline, the five villages, and the hillsides are all part of the Cinque Terre National Park and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Over the centuries, people have carefully built terraces on the rugged, part of its charm is the lack of visible corporate development. Paths, trains and boats connect the villages, and cars cannot reach them from the outside, the Cinque Terre area is a very popular tourist destination. The villages of the Cinque Terre were severely affected by rains which caused floods. Nine people were confirmed killed by the floods, and damage to the villages, particularly Vernazza, the first historical documents on the Cinque Terre date back to the 11th century. Monterosso and Vernazza sprang up first, while the villages grew later, under military. In the 16th century to oppose the attacks by the Turks, the railway allowed the inhabitants to escape their isolation, but also brought about abandonment of traditional activities. The consequence was an increase in poverty which pushed many to emigrate abroad, at least up to the 1970s, unlike the common belief that house colors originated to distinguish the fishermans houses, they were not painted until the late 1970s. The only village that used fishing as its industry was Monterosso. The locals lived off vineyards and olive cultivation, there are few roads into the Cinque Terre towns that are accessible by car, the one into Vernazza is open as of June 2012, but very narrow at many places. It leads to a parking area a kilometre from town and it is best to plan not to travel by car at all, but to park at La Spezia, for instance, and take the trains. Local trains from La Spezia to Genoa and the rest of the regions network connect the Cinque Terre, intercity trains also connect the Cinque Terre to Milan, Rome, Turin and Tuscany. The Cinque Terre tracks run most of the distance in tunnels between Riomaggiore and Monterosso, the Cinque Terre trains connect the La Spezia train station to all five towns. Unlimited day passes are available for tourists, and the trip from one village to another is five minutes or less, a passenger ferry runs between the five villages, except Corniglia. The ferry enters Cinque Terre from Genoas Old Harbour and La Spezia, Lerici, a walking trail, known as Sentiero Azzurro, used to connect the five villages but the section from Riomaggiore to Manarola called the Via dellAmore is closed. The stretch from Manarola to Corniglia is the easiest to hike, the section from Manarola to Cornelia is currently closed
21.
Savona
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Savona listen is a seaport and comune in the northern Italian region of Liguria, capital of the Province of Savona, in the Riviera di Ponente on the Mediterranean Sea. Savona used to be one of the seats of the Italian iron industry, having iron-works and foundries, shipbuilding, railway workshops, engineering shops. One of the most celebrated former inhabitants of Savona was the navigator Christopher Columbus, columbuss house, a cottage situated in the Savona hills, lay between vegetable crops and fruit trees. It is one of residences in Liguria associated with Columbus. Inhabited in ancient times by Ligures tribes, it came under Roman influence in c.180 BC, at the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it passed under Lombard rule in 641 AD after a short period as an Ostrogoth and then Byzantine possession. Later it recovered as county seat in the Carolingian Empire, in the 10th century its bishops were counts of Savona, but later the countship passed to the marquesses of Monferrato and afterwards to the marquesses Del Vasto. After a long struggle against the Saracens, Savona acquired independence in the 11th century, Savona was the center of religious culture due to the work of two important monasteries, Dominican and Franciscan. Subsequently, it fought against Genoa before being conquered in 1528. The Genoese destroyed the town and buried the port. It then shared the fortunes of the Republic of Genoa until Napoleonic times, in 1809 the city received Pope Pius VII, prisoner of Napoleon Bonaparte, for a few years. Between April and mid-May 1800, Austrian forces besieged the city while a small British naval force maintained a blockade, subsequently, Savona was annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont. Eventually, it part of unified Italy. The Cattedrale dellAssunta, built after Genoese demolition of the old cathedral and it kept the relics of Saint Valentine. The construction was commissioned by Giovanni DAria and his brother Michele, the chapel is architecturally similar to the chapel dedicated to the Cardinal Pietro Riario in the Basilica of the Santi Apostoli, Rome. After years of deterioration, in 1765-1767 a reconstruction was ordered by the Genovese Doge Francesco Maria Della Rovere and this updated the chapel in a Rococo style, with ceiling painted by Paolo Gerolamo Brusco. The Cathedral has a noteworthy 16th-century carved wooden choir seats, the church of Nostra Signora di Castello has a large altarpiece by Vincenzo Foppa and Ludovico Brea painted in 1490. The Sanctuary of Nostra Signora della Misericordia, the Torre Leon Pancaldo, built in the 14th century and also known as Torretta, is the symbol of the town. The Torre del Brandale, also known as Campanassa and towers Corsi, the Priamar fortress, built by the Genoese in 1542 after their conquest of Savona, on the area of the old cathedral and old city and later used as a prison and military priso
22.
Sanremo, Italy
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Sanremo or San Remo is a city on the Mediterranean coast of western Liguria in north-western Italy. Founded in Roman times, it has a population of 57,000 and it hosts numerous cultural events, such as the Sanremo Music Festival and the Milan–San Remo cycling classic. The name of the city is a contraction of SantEremo di San Romolo, which refers to Romulus of Genoa. It is often stated in modern folk stories that Sanremo is a translation of Saint Remus, in Ligurian, his name is San Rœmu. The spelling San Remo is on all ancient maps of Liguria, the ancient Republic of Genoa, Italy in the Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Sardinia, and it was used in 1924 in official documents under Mussolini. This form of the name appears still on road signs and, more rarely. It has been the most widely used form of the name in English at least since the 19th century, once the Roman settlement of Matutia or Villa Matutiana, Sanremo expanded in the Early Middle Ages when the population moved to the high grounds. The nobility built a castle and the village of La Pigna to protect the town from Saracen raids. At first subjected to the countship of Ventimiglia, the community later passed under the dominion of the Genoese bishops, in 1297 they sold it to the Doria and De Mari families. It became a town in the second half of the 15th century, after which it expanded to the Pigna hill. The almost perfectly preserved old village remains, Sanremo remained independent from Genoese Republic. In 1753, after 20 years of conflicts, it rose against Genoese hegemonical attempts. At that time the latter polity built the fortress of Santa Tecla, the fortress was used as a prison until 2002. It is now being transformed into a museum, after the French domination and the Savoy restoration in 1814, Sanremo was annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia. From the middle of the 18th century the town grew rapidly, in due to the development of tourism, which saw the first grand hotels built. The Empress Sissi of Austria, Empress Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, the most notable of these was the British Mandate of Palestine. Sanremo is the home of International Institute of Humanitarian Law, the most notable institute in courses about refugees, sanremos Mediterranean climate and attractive seacoast setting on the Italian Riviera make it a popular tourist destination. Besides tourism, the city is active in the production of extra virgin-grade olive oil and it is one of the agricultural commodities in western Liguria and in particular within the province of Imperia
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Flower
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A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in plants that are floral. The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs, Flowers may facilitate outcrossing or allow selfing. Some flowers produce diaspores without fertilization, Flowers contain sporangia and are the site where gametophytes develop. Many flowers have evolved to be attractive to animals, so as to them to be vectors for the transfer of pollen. After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into fruit containing seeds, the essential parts of a flower can be considered in two parts, the vegetative part, consisting of petals and associated structures in the perianth, and the reproductive or sexual parts. A stereotypical flower consists of four kinds of structures attached to the tip of a short stalk, each of these kinds of parts is arranged in a whorl on the receptacle. The four main whorls are as follows, Collectively the calyx, corolla, the next whorl toward the apex, composed of units called petals, which are typically thin, soft and colored to attract animals that help the process of pollination. Androecium, the whorl, consisting of units called stamens. Stamens consist of two parts, a called a filament, topped by an anther where pollen is produced by meiosis. Gynoecium, the innermost whorl of a flower, consisting of one or more units called carpels, the carpel or multiple fused carpels form a hollow structure called an ovary, which produces ovules internally. Ovules are megasporangia and they in turn produce megaspores by meiosis which develop into female gametophytes and these give rise to egg cells. The gynoecium of a flower is described using an alternative terminology wherein the structure one sees in the innermost whorl is called a pistil. A pistil may consist of a carpel or a number of carpels fused together. The sticky tip of the pistil, the stigma, is the receptor of pollen, the supportive stalk, the style, becomes the pathway for pollen tubes to grow from pollen grains adhering to the stigma. The relationship to the gynoecium on the receptacle is described as hypogynous, perigynous, although the arrangement described above is considered typical, plant species show a wide variation in floral structure. These modifications have significance in the evolution of flowering plants and are used extensively by botanists to establish relationships among plant species, the four main parts of a flower are generally defined by their positions on the receptacle and not by their function. Many flowers lack some parts or parts may be modified into other functions and/or look like what is typically another part, in some families, like Ranunculaceae, the petals are greatly reduced and in many species the sepals are colorful and petal-like. Other flowers have modified stamens that are petal-like, the flowers of Peonies and Roses are mostly petaloid stamens
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Alassio
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Alassio is a town and comune in the province of Savona situated in the western coast of Liguria, Northern Italy, approximately 80 kilometres from the French border. Alassio is known for its natural and scenic views, the town centre is crossed by a pedestrianised cobbled road known as the Budello. The town has beaches, blue sea and many bars. Alassio has also a known as Molo di Alassio or Pontile Bestoso which offers views of the town. Alassio is situated on the Riviera di Ponente coast, and it has a small tourist port named Luca Ferrari and it was also known as a health resort in winter and a bathing place in summer, and has many hotels. Here one of the first heraldic symbols of the town is still visible, control of the town was eventually taken by the monks from the island of Gallinara and later by the commune of Albenga. In 1521 a series of walls was built to defend the town from Barbary pirate raids. It was subsequently a possession of the Republic of Genoa and, from the early 19th century onwards and it became part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. Alassio became a tourist resort in the late 19th century, thanks to the presence of British tourists, the Muretto, a wall with 550 tiles signed by celebrities. English Language Library The English composer Edward Elgar wrote a concert-overture called In the South whilst staying on holiday in Alassio in the winter of 1903–04, Alassio is featured as the location for a holiday in the 1944 film The Children Are Watching Us. The painter Felix Nussbaum stayed in Alassio in 1934 and it appears on many of his lighter paintings, Alassio is twinned with, La Thuile, Italy Chisholm, Hugh, ed. Alassio
25.
Albenga
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Albenga is a city and comune situated on the Gulf of Genoa on the Italian Riviera in the Province of Savona in Liguria, northern Italy. Albenga has the nickname of city of a hundred spires, the economy is mostly based on tourism, local commerce and agriculture. Albenga has six hamlets, San Fedele, Lusignano, Campochiesa, Leca, Bastia, during the Second Punic War the city allied itself with the Carthaginians, but were defeated by the Romans under proconsul Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus in 181 BC. The following year the Romans and the Ingauni signed a foedus which began the total Romanization of the whole region. Put under Latin rights in 89 BC, Albingaunum was granted the Roman citizenship in 45 BC under Julius Caesar, starting to enjoy, with the beginning of the Empire, a period of prosperity. A further boost for the city came from the building of the Via Julia Augusta, connecting it to southern France and Spain. In the meantime the intense exploitation of the land around the city continued, an inscription records the restoration of the walls, forum. During the 5th century, the city suffered the raids of the Visigoths, Albenga established itself as a commune in 1098, in that same year it took part to the First Crusade with vessels, men and money, receiving rights of free trade by the King of Jerusalem. From that moment on, the Golden Red Cross coat of arms waved on its ship, later on, after the invasion of northern Italy by emperor Frederick Barbarossa, the city supported him thanks to its Ghibelline allegiance, which was never abandoned during the following centuries. In 1159 it received the investiture for all its territory. In 1798 Albenga was declared capital of the Centa Jurisdiction, as part of the living constitution of the Ligurian Republic. In 1815 the city, together with the whole Liguria, was assigned to the Savoyard Kingdom of Sardinia, becoming the capital of a province including Andora and Finale Ligure. In 1863, after the unification of Italy, the province was reduced to a district, at the time Albenga had reduced into an agricultural village, overtaken by other coastal towns for what concerned both economic and demographic development, due to their superior touristic appeal. The name of Albenga comes from the Latin Albíngaunum that comes from Album Ingaunum, the ethnonym Ingauni ing consists of Indo-European origin, and a name of Gaul-ligurian land. Album comes from alb o alp an ancient pre-Indo-European, often erroneously assocciata to album a Latin word meaning white or clear. The first name was Album Ingaunum, but when it was conquered by the Romans, only in the 14th century the name became Albenga. Albenga is located in the west Riviera, until the 17th century, it based its economy on maritime trade, as the city was built on the delta of the Centa and was surrounded by walls and bridges. With the closure of other roads estuary delta, which occurred first at the hands of the Genoese and later as the work of nature, even the memory of the old bridges was deleting itself
26.
Albissola
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Albissola Marina is a comune in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 35 kilometres west of Genoa and about 4 kilometres northeast of Savona. Albissola Marina was a settlement of the Ingauni, later conquered by the Romans, during the fall of the Western Roman Empire, barbaric invasions led to the division of the town in two different boroughs, one on the seaside and another at the hills feet. In the High Middle Ages it was part of the county of Vado, and then of the marquisate of Savona, after 1815, Albissola followed the history of the Kingdom of Sardinia and, later, the Kingdom of Italy. It became part of the newly formed province of Savona in 1927, parish church of Nostra Signora della Concordia. It houses sculptures by Anton Maria Maragliano Oratory of St. Joseph Villa Faraggiana, media related to Albissola Marina at Wikimedia Commons Official website
27.
Ameglia
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Ameglia is a comune in the Province of La Spezia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 90 kilometres southeast of Genoa and about 11 kilometres southeast of La Spezia. Ameglia borders the municipalities, Lerici, Sarzana. Castle of Ameglia, a stronghold of the bishops of Luni, later it was owned by Sarzana, Genoa, Castruccio Castracani, the Visconti and the Bank of Saint George. Monastery of Santa Croce del Corvo, founded in 1176, roberto Pazzi Official website Ameglia Walks Ameglia History & Walk
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Andora
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Andora, or Marina di Andora as it is often called, is a town on the Italian Riviera in the region of Liguria, included in the province of Savona. Andora is also situated in the part of the Italian Riviera between Capo Mele in the east and Capo Mimosa in the west. This coastal area is called the Riviera delle Palme, which is centred on Savona, to the west is the Riviera dei Fiore, which stretches from the French border to Cervo. Andora had a population of 7,638 in 2008 ISTAT date which swells to almost 10 times this in the summer months, the original town is on a low hill by the left bank of the River Merula where it flows into the sea. Marina di Andora is the development which spread along the coastline from the Middle Ages onwards, first as a fishing and boatbuilding center, then in the last 50 years as a tourist resort. It is 55 kilometres from Savona, the town in the province,15 kilometres from Imperia,40 kilometres from Sanremo and 100 kilometres from Genoa. The territory forms part of the Mountain Community of Ingauna, some of the parishes belonging to Andora include Conna, Colla Micheri, San Bartolomeo, San Pietro, Stellanello and Rollo. The first settlement here dates back to the 8th century BC with the Phocaeans escaping from Asia Minor, during the Roman Empire, Castrum Andorae underwent substantial development due to its strategic location on the Via Julia Augusta. After the invasion by the Goths in 951 it formed part of the Marca Alemanica, from 1125 the Clavesana family took over and constructed a defensive fortification, mainly to control the means of communication, and enhanced the town with towers, churches and town walls. Due to war the family had to sell the territory and its castle in 1252 to the Republic of Genoa initiating a period of five centuries of peace, in this period olive trees were grown and olive oil produced, fishing was practiced and boat building begun. At the end of the 18th century the area became under the control of Napoleon Bonaparte in the new department of Montenotte and it later fell to the rule of Sardinia and then Italy. From a population of 1,940 in 1861 it grew to 3,328 in 1961 to 6,068 in 1981, there is a historical nucleus on a hill inland around the remains of the Clavesana Castle which was once home to the governor of Genoa. Just opposite is the chapel of St Nicholas and ruins of some medeviel houses, the church of St James and St. Phillip, which is based on the cathedral in Albenga, was built in local stone with columns and pillars in late Romanesque style. A little further down the hill is the tower which was built between 1220 and 1240 and still remains intact. A bridge on the River Merula with 10 arches is called the Roman Bridge, the San Giovanni Battista St. John the Baptist church, on the right bank of the river near the mediaeval bridge, dates back to the 15th century in the parish of the same name. The complex of old houses further up the hill, Borgata Confredi, was built to house the workers of the olive terraces nearby, from San Giovanni you can still walk along the track of the mediaeval road to Cervo. In the centre of Marina di Andora you can see the bastion built in the 11th century as a defence against the Saracens. On the way to Laigueglia is the Capo Mele Lighthouse, from Cervo, the main site of Andora is the St. James Church
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Arenzano
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Arenzano is a coastal town and comune in the province of Genoa, Liguria, Italy. As of 2007, it has a population of 11,568 and this varies a lot during the holiday seasons, since it is a reasonably popular holiday resort for Italians. There are a number of festivals during the summer, as many towns in Italy. It is very close to Genoa, the town is safe for children to grow up, but buying a house there can be quite expensive. During the summer time Arenzano becomes crowded, Arenzano has an elementary school, a middle school and a couple of kindergartens. It also has a course and a few tennis courts. The town is home to many of the employees of the architectural firm of Renzo Piano. Sanctuary of the Infant Jesus of Prague, villa Negrotto Cambiaso, a Genoese patrician villa built in the 16th century. It has a park, endowed with rare trees like Lebanon cedars. The Saracens Tower, built to prevent sudden incursions of pirates from Maghreb, sanctuary of Our Lady of the Olivette
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Arma di Taggia
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Taggia is a comune in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 110 kilometres southwest of Genoa and about 15 km west of Imperia. Taggia borders the municipalities, Badalucco, Castellaro, Ceriana, Dolcedo, Pietrabruna, Riva Ligure. The town is divided into three parts, Taggia proper, the centre, in the Valle Argentina, Levà, including the industrial area, and Arma. Tombs dating from the 10th-7th centuries BC have been found in the area of Taggia, during the Roman domination it was an important commercial port, known as Costa Balenae. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the old centre was damaged by the invasion of Rothariss Lombards, the inhabitants moved to a new walled settlement, called Tabia. In 1273 it became a commune, later receiving a podestà named in Genoa. Later it was part of the Kingdom of Sardinia and of the Kingdom of Italy, basilica of San Giacomo and San Filippo, built on an 11th-century Romanesque church. Church of Santa Maria del Canneto, church of San Martino di Tours, housing 15th-century frescoes. It has some pictures painted by Ludovico Brea, Taggia is situated on the Via Aurelia. It has also a gate on the A10 Highway, Taggia has a railway station on the Genoa–Ventimiglia line
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Bajardo
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Bajardo is a comune in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria. At the start of 2008 it had 306 inhabitants, less than a fifth of those counted in 1911 and it is about 110 kilometres southwest of Genoa and about 25 kilometres west of Imperia. Its principal settlement, Bajardo itself, is a village which stands at an elevation of 900 metres on a peak at the head of the basin of the Nervia torrent. First ruled by the Counts of Ventimiglia, it passed to the Marquis of Ceva before coming under Genoese control in 1259 and it remained with Genoa until 1815 when it became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia. The parish church of San Nicolò da Bari in Piazza Parrocchiale was built in 1893 to replace the destroyed by the earthquake of 1887. Every year, various festivals are held in Bajardo, one occurs in June in remembrance of an event from hundreds of years ago. One of the lords was engaged to a woman. However, this woman was much younger and had a secret lover, one day, the secret lover and the woman attempted to escape into the woods. However, the rich lord sent for them, what happened to the secret lover is unknown. In remembrance, Bajardo holds a festival at the beginning of every June. The townspeople set up the tree in the square, have various festivities throughout the day
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Balestrino
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Balestrino is a comune in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 70 kilometres southwest of Genoa and about 30 kilometres southwest of Savona. As of 31 December 2011, it had a population of 607, Balestrino is composed by the old historic town, upon a hill, and the new town below it. Abandoned in 1953 for hydrogeological instability, the old centre is a ghost town whereas the center is still inhabited today. Balestrino borders the municipalities, Castelvecchio di Rocca Barbena, Ceriale, Cisano sul Neva, Toirano. It counts the hamlets of Bergalla, Borgo, Cuneo, media related to Balestrino at Wikimedia Commons Balestrino official website Balestrino tourist website
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Bergeggi Island
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Bergeggi is an island which lies in the Ligurian Sea off the coast near the village of Bergeggi in the Province of Savona, Liguria, Italy. The island is around 8 hectares and its highest point is at 53 m, Punta Predani, a promontory on the mainland, is just a few hundreds metres from the island. The island bears evidences of a proto-historical Ligures settlement, on its summit stands a watch tower and remains of a 4th-century church devoted to St. Eugenius. In 992 the bishop of Savona established a monastery on the island, also devoted to the saint, the monasterys ruins are still visible on the island. It is also included in a SIC called Isola Bergeggi - Punta Predani, among many interesting species living in the maquis shrubland covering most of the small island there are Campanula sabatia and Euphorbia dendroides. Liguria in blu - Guida alle immersioni subacquee da Ventimiglia a La spezia, il culto di San Colombano in Italia. Archivum Bobiense Rivista annuale degli Archivi storici Bobiensi, antonio Giustiniani Annali della Repubblica di Genova Terza Edizione Genovese Vol.11854. Attilio Zuccagni-Orlandini Corografia fisica, storica e statistica dellItalia e delle sue Isole Volume Duodecimo
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Bogliasco
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Bogliasco is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in the Italian region Liguria, located about 11 kilometres southeast of Genoa. Together with the comuni of Camogli, Recco, Pieve Ligure and Sori, economy is mostly based on tourism, agriculture include production of olives. The municipality of Bogliasco contains the frazioni Poggio, S. Bernardo, Bogliasco borders the following municipalities, Genoa, Pieve Ligure, and Sori. As recent archaeological findings proved, the area of Bogliasco was inhabited since Paleolithic and Mesolithic times, the town was destroyed by Venetian galleys in 1432. After the French domination, Bogliasco, together with the whole Liguria, was annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia, church of Natività di Maria Santissima, dating from the 12th century but rebuilt in 1731–37 by architect Antonio Maria Ricca. Church of the Brethren of Santa Chiara, from 1403, church of N. S. della Neve e dellAscensione di Gesù Cristo, in the frazione of Sassarego. It has some paintings from the 18th century Genoese school, church of San Bernardo, in the eponymous frazione. Bogliasco has a station on the line Pisa-La Spezia-Genoa, nearby is a gate on the A12 Motorway connecting Rome to Genoa. The other main road is the modern Via Aurelia, kerbside collection of municipal waste is provided to households since February 2012. Recycling statistics, www. comune. bogliasco. ge. it/ Folk group Amixi de Boggiasco e del golfo Paradiso Fotos
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Bonassola
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Bonassola is a comune in the Province of La Spezia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 60 kilometres southeast of Genoa and about 20 kilometres northwest of La Spezia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 945, the municipality of Bonassola contains the frazioni Montaretto, Costella, Serra, Scernio, and San Giorgio. Bonassola borders the municipalities, Framura, Levanto. During World War Two, two American fifteen men missions tried to land and blow up a tunnel between Framura and Bonassola. Both missions failed but the missions soldiers were executed and buried in a mass grave by the German Army. Media related to Bonassola at Wikimedia Commons www. comune. bonassola. sp. it/ Bonassola
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Borgio Verezzi
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Borgio Verezzi is a comune in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 60 kilometres southwest of Genoa and about 20 kilometres southwest of Savona. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,330, the municipality of Borgio Verezzi is composed by the frazioni Borgio and Verezzi. Borgios old downtown stands atop a low hill, while the modern expansions cover the coastal plain, Verezzi is divided into several very characteristic hamlets on the hillside, at some 200 metres above sea level. The main borough of Verezzi, Piazza, during summer hosts a festival of national relevance. Borgio Verezzi borders the municipalities, Finale Ligure, Pietra Ligure. Borgio Verezzi Caves Borgio Verezzi official website Borgio Verezzi Caves
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Bussana
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Bussana is an Italian village and hamlet of the municipality of Sanremo in the Province of Imperia, Liguria. As of 2009 its population was of 74, the toponym was referred, until 1887, to the old town, partly destroyed and abandoned after an earthquake. To distinguish the new village from the old one of Bussana Vecchia and it was an autonomous comune until April 1928, when it was absorbed by Sanremo municipality. A Roman villa is located near the village, by the estuary of river Armea, the village is located 6 km in the east of Sanremo and 2 in the west of Arma di Taggia. It is 3 km from Bussana Vecchia,5 from Taggia, the southern part, known as Bussana Mare, is extended by the Tyrrhenian Coast. Near the village is located the Capo dellArma Lighthouse, media related to Bussana at Wikimedia Commons Bussana and Bussana Vecchia website
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Bussana Vecchia
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Bussana Vecchia is a former ghost town in Liguria, Italy. Abandoned due to an earthquake in 1887, it was renovated and repopulated by a community of artists in the early 1960s. It is administratively a hamlet of the city of Sanremo, near the border with France, Bussana was founded probably in the second half of the 9th century when the coastal region was repeatedly attacked by Saracens. It was built on the top of a hill to be easily defended, in 1429 it had 250 inhabitants and it was granted autonomy from the Maritime Republic of Genoa. A period of development followed and most of the current buildings were built in this period. The French Riviera and western Liguria are at the junction of south-western Alps and Liguria basin, the severest earthquake to hit Bussana struck the region on February 23,1887 killing more than 2000 people. The worst of the damage in Bussana occurred at 6,21 on that Ash Wednesday morning, the earthquake was the first recorded by a true seismograph built by Filippo Cecchi in Moncalieri, Italy. Most buildings were damaged and the authorities decided to rebuild the village in a new site downhill called Bussana Nuova. The old village was abandoned and all of its buildings declared dangerous, in 1947 immigrants from Southern Italy started illegally settling the ghost town. After a few forced evictions by the Italian Police in the 1950s the authorities ordered the destruction of all first floor stairways and rooftops. Despite this in the early 1960s Vanni Giuffrè, sicilian painter, and a group of artists, the spirit of the organization was somewhat idealistic, to be able to live simply and to work artistically within the village. Tensions with the old inhabitants and with the police grew until on July 25,1968 an eviction was ordered again, when the police forces arrived, they were faced with the villagers behind their barricades refusing to leave and by a large group of international news reporters. The police decided to avoid confrontation, Bussana Nuova Bussana Vecchia official website Bussana and Bussana Vecchia website The first Bussana Vecchia website, created in 1995 International Artists Village official site
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Colletta di Castelbianco
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Colletta di Castelbianco is an ancient village in the Maritime Alps and near the Italian Riviera in the province of Savona in Liguria, Italy. The village is built of stone and was probably established as a defense against the Saracens in the 13th century. Abandoned in the 1950s, Colletta has been the subject, in the late 1990s, in 2005, the village had its first olive harvest in 30 years and is now producing small quantities of high-grade olive oil from the local taggiasca olives. Http, //www. colletta. it Colletta di Castelbianco Project, Rediscovering Sense of Place in the Era of the Global Village, vivere letà della sostenibilità, lapproccio ecologico allabitare tra domotica e tecnologie appropriate. By Mauro Bertagnin and Clelia Mungiguerra, the Living Building in Europe Toward the Third Millennium, International Symposium Proceedings, Naples, October 10–11,1997, Clean Edizioni, Napoli,1997
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Camogli
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As of 31 December 2011 its population was of 5,455. The name Camogli is of disputed but ancient origins, Camogli is one of the largest part of the Parco Naturale Regionale di Portofino, and a part of the Portofino Marine Protected Area. In the late Middle Ages Camogli was a considerable seaport, in its heyday, its fleet consisted of hundreds of Tall Ships, and it was called the city of a thousand white sails. In 1798 the city hosted a contingent of Napoleons fleet. A prestigious naval college, Cristoforo Colombo, was founded in Camogli in 1874, in 1880 the former fishing village had 500 registered ship captains. Camogli now lives mainly from tourism and is known for its colorful houses that line the beach, the house colors once helped the fishermen of Camogli find the way back to their port. The local swimming club water polo RN Camogli has won several Italian championships and is known nationwide
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Campo Ligure
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Campo Ligure is a comune in the Province of Genoa in the Italian region Liguria, located about 37 kilometres northwest of Genoa. Campo Ligure borders the municipalities, Bosio, Masone, Rossiglione. The place name refers to a 3rd-century A. D. Roman fortified settlement under the leadership of Emperor Aurelian, reinforced by the Byzantines in the 6th century. The first parish, San Michele, is dating back to the 10th century. In July 1600 the Republic of Genoa increases control of the enclave, so that local rebels to its dominion are forced to surrender. In 1805 the town, then called Campo Freddo, is part of the French Empire of Napoleon I, in 1884 the village’s name is changed from Campo Freddo to Campo Ligure. That year also sees the opening of the first goldsmith shop dedicated to filigree, the countrys economic activity is mainly connected to the processing of filigrana and crafts and the textile industry and mechanical engineering. The filigrana is very fine gold and silver threads, hand crafted using simple pliers, the first shop was opened in 1884, then in a short span of time the town became the national center for this precious artistic production. Built in the 14th century, it was enlarged in 1693 Medieval bridge on the Stura river, the original structure dated to the 9th century, but it was rebuilt several times starting from the 18th century. Oratory of Nostra Signora Assunta, in Baroque style Parish church, in Baroque style Giardino Botanico Montano di Pratorondanino Monte Pracaban Official website
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Campomorone
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Campomorone is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in the Italian region Liguria, located about 10 kilometres north of Genoa. Campomorone borders the municipalities, Bosio, Ceranesi, Fraconalto, Genoa, Mignanego. Campomorone does not own a railway station, the nearest is Genova Pontedecimo, on the line from Genoa to Turin. From there, Campomorone can be reached by using bus lines Campomorone is twinned with, San Nicolás de los Arroyos
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Ceriale
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Ceriale is a comune in the Province of Savona in the Italian region of Liguria, located about 70 kilometres southwest of Genoa and about 30 kilometres southwest of Savona. As of December 31,2004, it had a population of 5,765, the municipality of Ceriale contains the frazione Peagna. Ceriale borders the municipalities, Albenga, Balestrino, Borghetto Santo Spirito, Cisano sul Neva. The town is located in the Riviera of Ponente, east of the plain of Albenga, on the slopes of Mount Croce, seismic classification, Zone 3, Decree No. The village, an ancient territorial dominion of the bishop of Albenga. During the Middle Ages the nearby village of Capriolo was abandoned, according to local sources, the village suffered a damaging and looting, and the homes burned. Along with other towns of the Ligurian Riviera, in 1764 Ceriale participated in an uprising against Genoa and its Republic and it therefore became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1815, with the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte, and, in 1861, of the Kingdom of Italy. From 1973 until 31 December 2008 Ceriale was part of Ingauna Mountain Community, parish Church of Saints John the Baptist and Eugene, Inside the church, there is a valuable 16th century crucifix and also numerous blades dating from the 16th and 17th centuries. Church of Peagna, Adjacent to the cemetery is flanked by a built in the style Baroque and are stored in its internal paintings of the 15th and 16th centuries. Water Park, The Caravelle The Paleontological Museum Silvio Lai, It was founded in 1993 in the hamlet of Peagna, the museum exhibits the collection of municipal fossil from the nearby Regional Natural Reserve of Rio Torsero, dating back to Pliocene lower. The museum has a room, a laboratory and a small library. The feast of San Rocco, On 16 August, Ceriale celebrate Saint Rocco, patron saint, on this day is held on the promenade the Fair of San Rocco which involved walking the area and the lower Piedmont. The feast of San Rocco is particularly renowned for the procession of the Holy Crucifix art. To participate in procession of the Confraternity of Liguria that parade their crucifix. Every crucifix, while being very heavy, is carried on one shoulder by a brother who supports him with a special belt, the procession, as a rule, is opened by the Bishop of Albenga-Imperia and is closed by a band. The day ends with fireworks over the sea, demographic Statistics Ceriale is twinned with, Sucha Beskidzka, Poland The town bases its main economic resource in the touristic field, but also on the agriculture. In the area of cultivation are practiced vegetable and flower, in particular plants orchid grown in greenhouses, active sector also industry with the presence of shipyards and factories confectionery
