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Italian War of 1494–1495
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The First Italian War, or Charles VIII's Italian War, was the opening phase of the Italian Wars. The war pitted Charles VIII of France, who had initial Milanese aid, against the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and an alliance of Italian powers led by Pope Alexander VI, known as the League of Venice.
Entry of French troops in Naples, February 22, 1495, from the Figurative Chronicle of the Fifteenth Century by Melchiorre Ferraiolo
Entry of French troops in Naples, February 22, 1495, from the Figurative Chronicle of the Fifteenth Century by Melchiorre Ferraiolo
Beatrice d'Este at the age of 18 (1494).
Beatrice d'Este at the age of 18 (1494).
Ercole d'Este, in a sculpture by Sperandio Savelli
Ercole d'Este, in a sculpture by Sperandio Savelli
Battle of Fornovo, 6 July 1495.
Battle of Fornovo, 6 July 1495.
Battle of Seminara
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The Battle of Seminara, part of the First Italian War, was fought in Calabria on 28 June 1495 between a French garrison in recently conquered Southern Italy and the allied forces of Spain and Naples which were attempting to reconquer these territories. Against the redoubtable combination of gendarmes and Swiss mercenary pikemen in the French force, the allies had only Neapolitan troops of indifferent quality and a small corps of lightly-armed Spanish soldiers, accustomed to fighting the Moors of Spain. The result was a rout, and much of the fighting centered on delaying actions to permit the fleeing allied force to escape.
Ferdinand II of Naples in peril at the height of the battle, only to be saved by a nobleman. Illustration by an unknown 19th century artist.
Ferdinand II of Naples in peril at the height of the battle, only to be saved by a nobleman. Illustration by an unknown 19th century artist.
French gendarme armoured cavalry triumphed at Seminara because the Neapolitans and Spanish played their game – close combat in the open.
French gendarme armoured cavalry triumphed at Seminara because the Neapolitans and Spanish played their game – close combat in the open.