Italo-Turkish War
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The Italo-Turkish War, also known as the Turco-Italian War, was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from 29 September 1911 to 18 October 1912. As a result of this conflict, Ital
Clockwise from top left: Battery of Italian 149/23 cannons; Mustafa Kemal with an Ottoman officer and Libyan mujahideen; Italian troops landing in Tripoli; an Italian Blériot aircraft; Ottoman gunboat Bafra sinking at Al Qunfudhah; Ottoman prisoners in Rhodes.
Italian Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti, 1905
Italian dirigibles bomb Turkish positions on Libyan territory. The Italo-Turkish War was the first in history to feature aerial bombardment by airplanes and airships.
Ismail Enver Bey in Cyrenaica, 1911
Treaty of Sèvres
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The Treaty of Sèvres was a 1920 treaty signed between some of the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire, but not ratified. The treaty would have required the cession of large parts of Ottoman t
Mehmed Hâdî Pasha signs the Treaty of Sèvres
The Ottoman delegation at Sèvres: Left to right: Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı, Grand Vizier Damat Ferid Pasha (wearing fez), the Ottoman education minister Mehmed Hâdî Pasha and ambassador Reşat Halis
The First Republic of Armenia, with the western borders defined by US President Woodrow Wilson
Syrian Northern Sanjaks ceded to Turkey by France in the Treaty of Ankara 1921 (area shaded in yellow). The orange line shows the Treaty of Sèvres border