The history of Italy in the Middle Ages can be roughly defined as the time between the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and the Italian Renaissance. Late antiquity in Italy lingered on into the 7t
Expansion of the Frankish Empire: Blue = realm of Pippin III in 758, Orange = expansion under Charlemagne until 814, Yellow = marches and dependencies
Castle of Itri, probably dating from Docibilis I's reign
Louis II at the capture of Bari, 871, from Houze's Atlas Universel Historique et Geographique (1850)
Medieval Kingdom of Italy, outlined in red, in the 12th and 13th centuries
Matilda of Tuscany, or Matilda of Canossa, also referred to as la Gran Contessa, was a member of the House of Canossa in the second half of the eleventh century. Matilda was one of the most important
Abbot Hugh of Cluny and kneeling Henry IV in supplication to enthroned Matilda of Tuscany
Adalbert-Atto of Canossa and his wife Hildegard surrounded by arches above their three sons Rudolph, Geoffrey (Gotofred), and the grandfather of Matilda, Tedald - Donizo's Vita Mathildis (Vatican Library, Codex Vat. Lat. 4922, fol. 20v)
The states of the Apennine Peninsula in the second half of the eleventh century
Miniature of Matilda from the frontispiece of Donizo's Vita Mathildis (Vatican Library, Codex Vat. Lat. 4922, fol. 7v). Matilda is depicted seated on a throne. On her right, Donizo is presenting a copy of the Vita Mathildis to her, on her left is a man with a sword (possibly her man-at-arms). The script underneath reads: Mathildis lucens, precor hoc cape cara volumen (Resplendent Matilda, please accept this book, oh you dear one)