1.
San Diego
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San Diego is a major city in California, United States. It is in San Diego County, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, approximately 120 miles south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico. With an estimated population of 1,394,928 as of July 1,2015, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people. San Diego has been called the birthplace of California, historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain, the Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly independent Mexico, in 1850, California became part of the United States following the Mexican–American War and the admission of California to the union. The city is the seat of San Diego County and is the center of the region as well as the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area. San Diegos main economic engines are military and defense-related activities, tourism, international trade, the presence of the University of California, San Diego, with the affiliated UCSD Medical Center, has helped make the area a center of research in biotechnology. The original inhabitants of the region are now known as the San Dieguito, the area of San Diego has been inhabited by the Kumeyaay people. The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile, sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site San Miguel. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast, in May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California, in July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in, Mission San Diego was the southern anchor in California of the historic mission trail El Camino Real. Both the Presidio and the Mission are National Historic Landmarks, in 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, the 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo, and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde, defeating Pío Pico in the vote
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Hip-hop dance
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Hip-hop dance refers to street dance styles primarily performed to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture. It includes a range of styles primarily breaking, locking. The television show Soul Train and the 1980s films Breakin, Beat Street, the dance industry responded with a commercial, studio-based version of hip-hop—sometimes called new style—and a hip-hop influenced style of jazz dance called jazz-funk. Classically trained dancers developed these studio styles in order to choreograph from the dances that were performed on the street. Because of this development, hip-hop dance is practiced in both studios and outdoor spaces. 1980s films, television shows, and the Internet have contributed to introducing hip-hop dance outside of the United States, since being exposed, educational opportunities and dance competitions have helped maintain its presence worldwide. Europe hosts several international hip-hop competitions such as the UK B-Boy Championships, Juste Debout, Australia hosts a team-based competition called World Supremacy Battlegrounds and Japan hosts a two-on-two competition called World Dance Colosseum. What distinguishes hip-hop from other forms of dance is that it is often freestyle in nature, crews, freestyling, and battles are identifiers of this style. Hip-hop dance can be a form of entertainment or a hobby and it can also be a way to stay active in competitive dance and a way to make a living by dancing professionally. Hip-hop dance is a category that includes a variety of styles. The older dance styles that were created in the 1970s include uprock, breaking, breaking was created in The Bronx, New York, incorporating dances that were popular in the 1960s and early 1970s in African-American and Latino communities. In its earliest form, it began as elaborations on James Browns Good Foot dance which came out in 1972, breaking at this period was not primarily floor-oriented as seen today, it started out as toprock which dancers perform while standing up. An influence on toprock was uprock which was created in Brooklyn, uprock looks similar to toprock, but it is more aggressive and looks like a fight. Uprock is also performed with partners, but in toprock—and in breaking in general—each person takes turns dancing, in 1973, DJ Kool Herc invented the break beat. A break beat is a rhythmic, musical interlude of a song that has been looped over and over again to extend that instrumental solo, Kool Herc did this to provide a means for dancers who attended his parties to demonstrate their skills. B-boy and b-girl stands for break-boy and break-girl, b-boys and b-girls dance to the break of a record, further influenced by martial arts and gymnastics, breaking went from being a purely upright dance style—toprock only—to becoming more floor-oriented. At the same time breaking was developing in New York, other styles were being created in California, out of all of these dances, boogaloo is one of the oldest. It started out as a 1960s fad dance and was the subject of songs released during that time such as Do the Boogaloo
3.
Breakdancing
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B-boying or breaking, also called breakdancing, is a style of street dance that originated primarily among Puerto Rican and African American youths during the mid-1970s in the Bronx. The dance spread worldwide due to popularity in the media, especially in such as Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, South Korea. While diverse in the amount of variation available in the dance, b-boying consists of four kinds of movement, toprock, downrock, power moves, and freezes. B-boying is typically danced to hip-hop, funk music, and especially breakbeats, although modern trends allow for much wider varieties of music along certain ranges of tempo, a practitioner of this dance is called a b-boy, b-girl, or breaker. Although the term breakdance is frequently used to refer to the dance in culture and in the mainstream entertainment industry. These terms are preferred by the majority of the pioneers and most notable practitioners, instead of the term b-boying, the mainstream media promoted the artform as breakdancing, causing many to only know it as such. Enthusiasts consider breakdancing an ignorant and derogatory term due to the exploitation of the artform. The media displayed a simplified version of the dance, making it seem like the so-called “tricks” were everything, ultimately trading the culture for money and promotion. The dance itself is properly called breaking according to such as KRS-One, Talib Kweli, Mos Def. The terms b-boy, b-girl, and breaker are the terms used to describe the dancers who performed to DJ Kool Hercs breakbeats. DJ Kool Herc is a Jamaican-American DJ who is responsible for developing the foundational aspects of hip-hop music, the obvious connection of the term breaking is to the word breakbeat. DJ Kool Herc has commented that the term breaking was 1970s slang for getting excited, most breaking pioneers and practitioners prefer the terms b-boy, b-girl, and/or breaker when referring to these dancers. For those immersed in culture, the term breakdancer may be used to disparage those who learn the dance for personal gain rather than for commitment to the culture. B-boy London of the New York City Breakers and filmmaker Michael Holman refer to these dancers as breakers, frosty Freeze of the Rock Steady Crew says, we were known as b-boys, and hip-hop pioneer Afrika Bambaataa says, b-boys, what you call break boys. Or b-girls, what you call break girls, many elements of b-boying can be seen in other antecedent cultures prior to the 1970s. B-boy pioneers Richard Crazy Legs Colon and Kenneth Ken Swift Gabbert, many of b-boyings acrobatic moves, such as the flare, show clear connections to gymnastics. The engraving shows a man apparently B-boying. The dance was called the Giesse Harad Polska or salmon district dance, a young street dancer performing acrobatic headspins was recorded by Thomas Edison in 1898
4.
Popping
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Popping is a street dance and one of the original funk styles that came from Fresno, California during the late 1960s–1970s. This is done continuously to the rhythm of a song in combination with various movements, closely related illusory dance styles and techniques are often integrated into popping to create a more varied performance. These dance styles include the robot, waving and tutting, however, popping is distinct from breaking and locking, with which it is often confused. A popping dancer is referred to as a popper. As one of the earliest funk styles, popping is closely related to hip hop dancing, Popping and related styles such as waving and tutting have also been incorporated into the electronica dance scene to some extent, influencing new styles such as liquid and digits and turfing. It is often assumed that popping is a style of breakdance and this is due in large part to the movies Breakin and Breakin 2, Electric Boogaloo. In these movies all styles of dance represented, were put under the breakdance label and this caused the media to associate funk styles with hip hop music and assume that popping and electric boogaloo were the same as breaking. Popping is centered around the technique of popping, which means to quickly contract, Popping can be concentrated to specific body parts, creating variants such as arm pops, leg pops, chest pops and neck pops. They also can vary in explosiveness, stronger pops normally involve popping both the lower and upper body simultaneously. Normally, pops are performed at regular intervals timed to the beat of the music, to create variation, poppers often mix in other styles as well, such as waving or tutting, which creates a sharp contrast to the popping itself. Poses in popping make heavy use of angles, mime style movements, the lower body has many ways to move around from basic walking and stepping to the more complex and gravity defying styles of floating and electric boogaloo. Movements and techniques used in popping are generally focused on sharp contrasts and extremes, being robotic and rigid or very loose. Having its roots in the late 1970s funk era, popping is commonly danced to funk, popular artists include Zapp, Dayton, Dazz Band and Cameo. During the 1980s, many poppers also utilized electro music, with such as Kraftwerk, Yellow Magic Orchestra, Egyptian Lover. More mainstream hip hop music was also employed by poppers during the 1980s, including Afrika Bambaataa, Kurtis Blow, Whodini and Run DMC. Today, it is common to see popping danced to more current music genres such as hip hop. The pops performed by the popper normally occur on every beat or on the distinct back beats, the popper can also choose to follow the music more freely such as by timing the pops to the rhythm of a melody or other rhythmic elements. There are a number of styles that are commonly mixed with popping to enhance the dancers performance and create a more varied show
5.
America's Best Dance Crew
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Americas Best Dance Crew, often abbreviated as ABDC, is an American competitive dance reality television series that features both national and international dance crews. The show was produced by singer, record producer, and former American Idol judge Randy Jackson, the series premiered on February 7,2008, on MTV. It was originally developed for NBC as World Moves, the show was hosted by actor Mario Lopez, and featured television personality Layla Kayleigh as the backstage correspondent. The judging panel consisted of hip hop recording artist Lil Mama, singer-songwriter JC Chasez, former judges included hip hop choreographer Shane Sparks and R&B singer Omarion. After an initial seven season run, Americas Best Dance Crew was cancelled in 2012 due to declining ratings, however, on January 10,2015, MTV announced that the series would be revived for an eighth season. The new season, titled America’s Best Dance Crew All-Stars, Road to the VMAs, hosted by Jason Dundas, the revival features a new judging panel, hip hop artist T-Pain, recording artist Teyana Taylor, and Broadway performer Frankie Grande. Americas Best Dance Crew is a reality show where dance crews showcase their talent and compete for a $100,000 grand prize. Each week, the crews are given a challenge, the challenges are different for each crew, but have the same general concept or share a specific theme. To begin each episode, host Mario Lopez reveals, in no order, which crews are safe. After the crews in the bottom perform their routines, the judges decide which crew will advance to the next round, another unique aspect of ABDC is the crew banner. Each banners logo represents its respective crew, appearing during interviews, performances and it is also used as a transition effect. When a crew is eliminated, their banner falls from the top of the stadium, the contestants are allowed to dance one final time on the stage as they walk it out to the song of the same name. MTV and Randy Jackson were sued by entertainer and activist Dwight McGhee, publicly known as rapper Citizen Charlie Kane, Kane had pitched the show concept to MTV in 2004 and MTV passed on the concept. When Charlie Kane saw a commercial depicted the 1970s Warriors movie that looked exactly like his pitch demo DVD. Many production elements between the show and Kanes 2003 copyright registration of a break-dancing league were identical, TMZ and NYPost were a couple among the many major media organizations to run the story. Viacom/MTV and Charlie Kane came to a settlement in 2011. ABDC airs on the MTV channel for the Caribbean, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Argentina, Russia, Finland, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, and the United Kingdom, Germany, Ukraine, and Romania. In Canada, the show airs on both MuchMusic and Musique Plus and in Latin America, the show airs on Warner Channel
6.
Sacramento, California
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Sacramento is the capital city of the U. S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County. It is at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in the portion of Californias expansive Central Valley. Its estimated 2014 population of 485,199 made it the sixth-largest city in California, Sacramento is the cultural and economic core of the Sacramento metropolitan area, which includes seven counties with a 2010 population of 2,414,783. In 2002, the Civil Rights Project at Harvard University conducted for Time magazine named Sacramento Americas Most Diverse City, Sacramento became a city through the efforts of the Swiss immigrant John Sutter, Sr. his son John Augustus Sutter, Jr. and James W. Marshall. Sacramento grew quickly thanks to the protection of Sutters Fort, which was established by Sutter in 1839, the city was named after the Sacramento River, which forms its western border. The river was named by Spanish cavalry officer Gabriel Moraga for the Santísimo Sacramento, California State University, Sacramento, is the largest university in the city and one of 23 campuses in the California State University system. University of the Pacific is a university with one of its three campuses in Sacramento. In addition, the University of California, Davis, located in nearby Davis, operates its UC Davis Medical Center, nisenan and Plains Miwok Native Americans had lived in the area for perhaps thousands of years. Unlike the settlers who would eventually make Sacramento their home, these Native Americans left little evidence of their existence. Traditionally, their diet was dominated by acorns taken from the oak trees in the region, and by fruits, bulbs, seeds. In 1808, the Spanish explorer Gabriel Moraga discovered and named the Sacramento Valley, a Spanish writer with the Moraga expedition wrote, Canopies of oaks and cottonwoods, many festooned with grapevines, overhung both sides of the blue current. Birds chattered in the trees and big fish darted through the pellucid depths, the air was like champagne, and drank deep of it, drank in the beauty around them. The valley and the river were then christened after the Most Holy Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ, John Sutter first arrived on August 13,1839 at the divergence of the American and Sacramento Rivers with a Mexican land grant of 50,000 acres. The next year, he and his party established Sutters Fort, representing Mexico, Sutter called his colony New Helvetia, a Swiss inspired name, and was the political authority and dispenser of justice in the new settlement. Soon, the colony began to grow as more and more pioneers headed west, within just a few short years, John Sutter had become a grand success, owning a ten-acre orchard and a herd of thirteen thousand cattle. Fort Sutter became a stop for the increasing number of immigrants coming through the valley. In 1847, Sutter hired James Marshall to build a sawmill so that he could continue to expand his empire, Sutter received 2,000 fruit trees in 1847, which started the agriculture industry in the Sacramento Valley. In 1848, when gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutters Mill in Coloma and he hired topographical engineer William H
7.
San Francisco Bay Area
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The San Francisco Bay Area is a populous region surrounding the San Francisco and San Pablo estuaries in Northern California. The region encompasses the cities and metropolitan areas of San Jose, San Francisco. The Bay Areas nine counties are Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, and Sonoma. The combined statistical area of the region is the second-largest in California, the fifth-largest in the United States, the Bay Area has the second-most Fortune 500 Companies in the United States, and is known for its natural beauty, liberal politics, entrepreneurship, and diversity. The eastern side of the bay, consisting of Alameda and Contra Costa counties, is known locally as the East Bay, the inner East Bay is more densely populated, with generally older buildings, and a more ethnically diverse population. The word Lamorinda was coined by combining the names of the cities it includes, Lafayette, Moraga, walnut Creek is situated east of Lamorinda and north of the San Ramon Valley and, together with Concord, Martinez, and Pleasant Hill comprises Central Contra Costa County. The cities of Antioch, Pittsburg, Brentwood, Oakley and the areas surrounding them comprise East Contra Costa County. The Tri-Valley consists of the Amador, the Livermore, and the San Ramon Valleys, dublin and Pleasanton comprise the Amador Valley, Livermore lies in the Livermore Valley, and the San Ramon Valley consists of Alamo, Danville, Diablo and its namesake, San Ramon. The outer East Bay is connected to the inner East Bay by BART, Interstate 580 to the south, and State Routes State Route 4 to the north, the outer East Bays infrastructure was mostly built up after World War II. This area remains largely white demographically, although the Hispanic and Filipino populations have grown significantly over the past 2–3 decades, the region north of the Golden Gate Bridge is known locally as the North Bay. This area encompasses Marin County, Sonoma County, Napa County, the city of Fairfield, being part of Solano County, is often considered the easternmost city of the North Bay. With few exceptions, this region is affluent, Marin County is ranked as the wealthiest in the state. The North Bay is relatively rural compared to the remainder of the Bay Area, with areas of undeveloped open space, farmland. Santa Rosa in Sonoma County is the North Bays largest city, with a population of 167,815 and a Metropolitan Statistical Area population of 466,891, making it the fifth-largest city in the Bay Area. The North Bay is the section of the Bay Area that is not currently served by a commuter rail service. The area from San Francisco to the Silicon Valley, geographically part of the San Francisco Peninsula, is known locally as The Peninsula, many of these families are of foreign background and have significantly contributed to the diversity of the area. Whereas the term peninsula technically refers to the entire geographical San Franciscan Peninsula, in local terms, San Francisco is surrounded by water on three sides, the north, east, and west. The city squeezes roughly 870,000 people in under 47 square miles, on any given day, there can be as many as 1 million people in the city because of the commuting population and tourism
8.
Southern California
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Southern California, often abbreviated as SoCal, is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises Californias 10 southernmost counties. The region is described as eight counties, based on demographics and economic ties, Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Barbara. The more extensive 10-county definition, which includes Kern and San Luis Obispo counties, is used and is based on historical political divisions. Southern California is an economic center for the state of California. The 8-county and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion, the megaregions area is more expansive, extending east into Las Vegas, Nevada and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana.5 million people. With over 22 million people, Southern California contains roughly 60 percent of Californias population, located east of Southern California is the Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona. The Mojave Desert is located at the border with the state of Nevada while towards the south is the Mexico–United States border, within Southern California are two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the countrys largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States. South of Los Angeles and with a population of 1,307,402 is San Diego, the second most populous city in the state and the eighth most populous in the nation. The counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are the five most populous in the state, the motion picture, television, and music industry are centered in the Los Angeles area in Southern California. Hollywood, a district within Los Angeles, gives its name to the American motion picture industry, headquartered in Southern California are The Walt Disney Company, Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers. Universal, Warner Brothers, and Sony also run major record companies, Southern California is also home to a large homegrown surf and skateboard culture. Companies such as Vans, Volcom, Quiksilver, No Fear, RVCA, some of the worlds biggest action sports events, including the X Games, Boost Mobile Pro, and the U. S. Open of Surfing, are all held in Southern California. Southern California is also important to the world of yachting, the annual Transpacific Yacht Race, or Transpac, from Los Angeles to Hawaii, is one of yachtings premier events. The San Diego Yacht Club held the Americas Cup, the most prestigious prize in yachting, from 1988 to 1995, Southern California is home to many sports franchises and sports networks such as Fox Sports Net. Many locals and tourists frequent the Southern California coast for its popular beaches, the desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces. Southern California is not a geographic designation and definitions of what constitutes Southern California vary. Geographically, Californias North-South midway point lies at exactly 37°958.23 latitude, around 11 miles south of San Jose, however, when the state is divided into two areas, the term Southern California usually refers to the 10 southernmost counties of the state
9.
Lewis Carroll
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Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English writer, mathematician, logician, Anglican deacon, and photographer. He is noted for his facility at word play, logic, There are societies in many parts of the world dedicated to the enjoyment and promotion of his works and the investigation of his life. Dodgsons family was predominantly northern English, with Irish connections, conservative, most of Dodgsons male ancestors were army officers or Church of England clergy. His great-grandfather, also named Charles Dodgson, had risen through the ranks of the church to become the Bishop of Elphin. His paternal grandfather, another Charles, had been an army captain, the older of these sons – yet another Charles Dodgson – was Carrolls father. He went to Westminster School and then to Christ Church, Oxford and he reverted to the other family tradition and took holy orders. He was mathematically gifted and won a double first degree, which could have been the prelude to a brilliant academic career, instead, he married his first cousin Frances Jane Lutwidge in 1830 and became a country parson. Dodgson was born in the parsonage at Daresbury in Cheshire near the towns of Warrington and Runcorn. When Charles was 11, his father was given the living of Croft-on-Tees in North Yorkshire, and this remained their home for the next 25 years. He was High Church, inclining to Anglo-Catholicism, an admirer of John Henry Newman and the Tractarian movement, Young Charles was to develop an ambiguous relationship with his fathers values and with the Church of England as a whole. During his early youth, Dodgson was educated at home and his reading lists preserved in the family archives testify to a precocious intellect, at the age of seven, he was reading books such as The Pilgrims Progress. He also suffered from a stammer – a condition shared by most of his siblings – that often influenced his life throughout his years. At the age of twelve, he was sent to Richmond Grammar School at nearby Richmond, in 1846, Dodgson entered Rugby School where he was evidently unhappy, as he wrote some years after leaving, I cannot say. That any earthly considerations would induce me to go through my three years again, I can honestly say that if I could have been. Secure from annoyance at night, the hardships of the daily life would have been comparative trifles to bear, scholastically, though, he excelled with apparent ease. I have not had a promising boy at his age since I came to Rugby. He left Rugby at the end of 1849 and matriculated at Oxford in May 1850 as a member of his fathers old college, after waiting for rooms in college to become available, he went into residence in January 1851. He had been at Oxford only two days when he received a summons home and his mother had died of inflammation of the brain – perhaps meningitis or a stroke – at the age of 47
10.
Jabberwocky
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Jabberwocky is a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll about the killing of a creature named the Jabberwock. It was included in his 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There, the book tells of Alices adventures within the back-to-front world of Looking-Glass Land. In an early scene in which she first encounters the chess piece characters White King and White Queen, realising that she is travelling through an inverted world, she recognises that the verses on the pages are written in mirror-writing. She holds a mirror to one of the poems, and reads the reflected verse of Jabberwocky and she finds the nonsense verse as puzzling as the odd land she has passed into, later revealed as a dreamscape. Jabberwocky is considered one of the greatest nonsense poems written in English and its playful, whimsical language has given English nonsense words and neologisms such as galumphing and chortle. The rest of the poem was written during Carrolls stay with relatives at Whitburn, the story may have been partly inspired by the local Sunderland area legend of the Lambton Worm. The concept of nonsense verse was not original to Carroll, who would have known of such as The World Turned Upside Down. Nonsense existed in Shakespeares work and was well-known in the Brothers Grimms fairytales, roger Lancelyn Green suggests that Jabberwocky is a parody of the old German ballad The Shepherd of the Giant Mountains in which a shepherd kills a griffin that is attacking his sheep. The ballad had been translated into English in blank verse by Carrolls cousin Menella Bute Smedley in 1846, john Tenniel reluctantly agreed to illustrate the book in 1871, and his illustrations are still the defining images of the poem. The illustration of the Jabberwock may reflect the contemporary Victorian obsession with natural history, many of the words in the poem are playful nonce words of Carrolls own invention, without intended explicit meaning. When Alice has finished reading the poem she gives her impressions, It seems very pretty, she said when she had finished it, somehow it seems to fill my head with ideas—only I dont exactly know what they are. However, somebody killed something, thats clear, at any rate and this may reflect Carrolls intention for his readership, the poem is, after all, part of a dream. For example, following the poem, a rath is described by Humpty as a sort of green pig. Carrolls notes for the original in Mischmasch suggest a rath is a species of Badger that lived chiefly on cheese and had white hair, long hind legs. The appendices to certain Looking Glass editions, however, state that the creature is a species of turtle that lived on swallows. Later critics added their own interpretations of the lexicon, often without reference to Carrolls own contextual commentary, an extended analysis of the poem and Carrolls commentary is given in the book The Annotated Alice by Martin Gardner. In 1868 Carroll asked his publishers, Macmillan, Have you any means, or can you find any and it may be that Carroll was wanting to print the whole poem in mirror writing. Macmillan responded that it would cost a great deal more to do, pronounce slithy as if it were the two words, sly, thee, make the g hard in gyre and gimble, and pronounce rath to rhyme with bath
11.
Phoenix, Arizona
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Phoenix is the capital and most populous city of the U. S. state of Arizona. Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, the metropolitan area is the 12th largest by population in the United States, with approximately 4.3 million people as of 2010. Settled in 1867 as a community near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers. Located in the reaches of the Sonoran Desert, Phoenix has a subtropical desert climate. Despite this, its canal system led to a farming community, many of the original crops remaining important parts of the Phoenix economy for decades, such as alfalfa, cotton, citrus. The city averaged a four percent annual growth rate over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s. This growth rate slowed during the Great Recession of 2007–09, and has rebounded slowly, Phoenix is the cultural center of the Valley of the Sun, as well as the entire state. For more than 2,000 years, the Hohokam people occupied the land that would become Phoenix, the Hohokam created roughly 135 miles of irrigation canals, making the desert land arable. Paths of these canals would later used for the modern Arizona Canal, Central Arizona Project Canal. The Hohokam also carried out trade with the nearby Anasazi, Mogollon and Sinagua. It is believed that between 1300 and 1450, periods of drought and severe floods led to the Hohokam civilizations abandonment of the area. After the departure of the Hohokam, groups of Akimel Oodham, Tohono Oodham and Maricopa tribes began to use the area, as well as segments of the Yavapai and Apache. The Oodham were offshoots of the Sobaipuri tribe, who in turn were thought to be the descendants of the formerly urbanized Hohokam and their crops included corn, beans, and squash for food, while cotton and tobacco were also cultivated. Mostly a peaceful group, they did together with the Maricopa for their mutual protection against incursions by both the Yuma and Apache tribes. The Tohono Oodham lived in the region as well, but their concentration was to the south. Living in small settlements, the Oodham were seasonal farmers who took advantage of the rains and they also hunted local game such as deer, rabbit, and javalina for meat. When the Mexican–American War ended in 1848, Mexico ceded its northern zone to the United States, the Phoenix area became part of the New Mexico Territory. In 1863 the mining town of Wickenburg was the first to be established in what is now Maricopa County, at the time Maricopa County had not yet been incorporated, the land was within Yavapai County, which included the major town of Prescott to the north of Wickenburg
12.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
13.
Jeet Kune Do
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Jeet Kune Do, abbreviated JKD, is an eclectic and hybrid martial art heavily influenced by the philosophy of martial artist Bruce Lee. Lee, who founded the system on July 9,1967, referred to it as non-classical, suggesting that JKD is a form of Chinese Kung Fu, unlike more traditional martial arts, Jeet Kune Do is not fixed or patterned, and is a philosophy with guiding thoughts. It was named for the Wing Chun concept of interception or attacking while ones opponent is about to attack, Jeet Kune Do practitioners believe in minimal movement with maximum effect. In the screenplay of the 1973 Warner Brothers film, Enter the Dragon, Lee replied, My style. You can call it the art of fighting without fighting. The name Jeet Kune Do was often said by Lee to be just a name, through his studies Lee came to believe that styles had become too rigid and unrealistic. He called martial art competitions of the day dry land swimming and he believed real combat was spontaneous, and a martial artist cannot predict it, but only react to it, and a good martial artist should be like water—move fluidly without hesitation. On January 10-11,1996, the Bruce Lee Foundation decided to use the name Jun Fan Jeet Kune Do to refer to the martial arts system which Lee founded, originally, when Lee began researching various fighting styles, he called it Jun Fan Gung Fu. It is the result of the martial arts development process Lee went through. Lee stated his concept does not add more and more things on top of each other to form a system, but rather selects the best thereof. The metaphor Lee borrowed from Chan Buddhism was of constantly filling a cup with water, the dominant or strongest hand should be in the lead because it would perform a greater percentage of the work. Lee minimized the use of other stances except when circumstances warranted such actions, although the On-Guard position is a formidable overall stance, it is by no means the only one. He acknowledged there were times when other positions should be used, Lee felt the dynamic property of JKD was what enabled its practitioners to adapt to the constant changes and fluctuations of live combat. Lee believed that combat was alive and dynamic. Circumstances in a change from millisecond to millisecond. Thus, pre-arranged patterns and techniques are not adequate in dealing with such a changing situation, as an antidote to this line of thought, Lee once wrote an epitaph which read, In memory of a once fluid man, crammed and distorted by the classical mess. The classical mess in this instance was what Lee thought of the not too alive way of the kung fu styles. The following are principles that Lee incorporated into Jeet Kune Do, Lee felt these were universal combat truths that were self-evident, and would lead to combat success if followed. Familiarity with each of the Four ranges of combat, in particular, is thought to be instrumental in becoming a total martial artist, JKD teaches that the best defense is a strong offense, hence the principle of an intercepting fist
14.
Bruce Lee
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Lee Jun-fan, known professionally as Bruce Lee, was a Hong Kong and American martial artist, actor, philosopher, filmmaker, and founder of the martial art Jeet Kune Do. Lee was the son of Cantonese opera star Lee Hoi-chuen and he is widely considered by commentators, critics, media, and other martial artists to be one of the most influential martial artists of all time, and a pop culture icon of the 20th century. He is often credited with helping to change the way Asians were presented in American films, Lee was born in Chinatown, San Francisco on November 27,1940 to parents from Hong Kong and was raised in Kowloon, Hong Kong with his family until his late teens. He was introduced to the industry by his father and appeared in several films as a child actor. Lee moved to the United States at the age of 18 to receive his education, at the University of Washington, at Seattle. The direction and tone of his films changed and influenced martial arts and martial arts films in the US, Hong Kong, Lee became an iconic figure known throughout the world, particularly among the Chinese, as he portrayed Chinese nationalism in his films. He trained in the art of Wing Chun and later combined his other influences from various sources, in the spirit of his martial arts philosophy. Lee held dual nationality of Hong Kong and the US and he died in Kowloon Tong on July 20,1973 at the age of 32. Bruce Lee was born on November 27,1940, at the Chinese Hospital, according to the Chinese zodiac, Lee was born in both the hour and the year of the Dragon, which according to tradition is a strong and fortuitous omen. Bruces father, Lee Hoi-chuen, was Han Chinese, and his mother, Grace Ho, was of half-Chinese and half-Caucasian descent. Grace Ho was the daughter of Ho Kom-tong and the half-niece of Sir Robert Ho-tung. Bruce was the child of five children, Phoebe Lee, Agnes Lee, Peter Lee. Lee and his parents returned to Hong Kong when he was three months old, Lees Cantonese birth name was Lee Jun-fan. The name homophonically means return again, and was given to Lee by his mother, because of his mothers superstitious nature, she had originally named him Sai-fon, which is a feminine name meaning small phoenix. The English name Bruce is thought to have given by the hospital attending physician. Lee had three other Chinese names, Li Yuanxin, a name, Li Yuanjian, which he used as a student name while he was attending La Salle College. Lees given name Jun-fan was originally written in Chinese as 震藩, however, hence, the Chinese character for Jun in Lees name was changed to the homonym 振 instead, to avoid naming taboo in Chinese tradition. Lee Hoi-chuen had been touring the United States for many years, although many of his peers decided to stay in the US, Lee Hoi-chuen returned to Hong Kong after Bruces birth
15.
Dancing with the Stars
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Currently the format has been licensed to over 42 territories. Versions have also produced in dozens of countries across the world. The dancers are then scored by a panel of judges, viewers are given a certain amount of time to place votes for their favourite dancers, either by telephone or online. The couple with the lowest combined score provided by the judges and this process continues until there are only two or three couples left, when they have competed for the last time one couple is declared the champion and wins a trophy. There have been a total of 377 winners of Dancing with the Stars around the world, country of origin Currently airing Upcoming or returning No longer airing The Chinese version is a co-production between mainland Chinas HBS and Hong Kongs TVB, under licence from the BBC. In mainland China it is aired on Hunan Television and in Hong Kong on TVB Jade, the Chinese title is difficult to translate, but could be rendered as Miracle Dancing or Miracles of Dance Moves. The official English title is Strictly Come Dancing, each broadcaster provides five male and five female dancers, for a total of twenty. Pairs were determined by audience SMS votes, the programme began airing in late 2007, in order to mark the anniversary of the 1997 handover of Hong Kong from the UK to the Peoples Republic of China. The Indian version is called Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa and it was first broadcast in September 2006 on Sony Entertainment Television. A lot of people confuse Dancing With The Stars with Nach Baliye which airs on StarPlus, Nach Baliye and Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa have similar content and presentation but there are minor differences in the concept. The celebrity dancers on Nach Baliye are real life couples, the dancers on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa have one celebrity paired with a trained dancer/choreographer. A notice at the end of the show verifies that the Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa is indeed a version of Dancing With The Stars and it has the same title as the 1996 movie by the same name, but it has no relation to it beyond the shared name. This one ran from 8 April 2006, to 17 March 2007 on NTV-4, the show has aired on MBC TV since June 10,2011, and is hosted by Lee Deok-hwa, with co-host Lee So-ra in Season 1 while former contestant Kim Gyu-ri co-hosted the second season. The first season was won by Moon Hee-joon and his partner Ahn Hye-sang while the season was won by Choi Yeo-jin. The 3rd Season was won by pop-singer and dancer Fei and her partner Kim Soo Ro, nachley is the Pakistani version of Dancing with the Stars. The show is aired on ARY Digital and its theme is based around traditional Pakistani music, the first Peruvian reality show based on Dancing With The Stars was Baila con las estrellas, hosted by Rebeca Escribens and broadcast on Panamericana Televisión on Saturday afternoon. The show had 2 series, then it was cancelled and this show was hosted by Gisela Valcárcel and Giancarlo Chichizola and aired every Saturday night. The show was like Dancing With The Stars, but instead of professional dancers and they danced every week in order to win a prize, to achieve a personal/humanitarian goal or dream
16.
So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. TV series)
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It was created by American Idol producers Simon Fuller and Nigel Lythgoe and is produced by 19 Entertainment, Dick Clark Productions and Conrad Sewell Productions. The series premiered on July 20,2005 with over ten million viewers, the first season was hosted by American news personality Lauren Sánchez. Since the second season, it has been hosted by former British childrens television personality, during its second season, the program remained the No.1 rated summer show, but it has declined in ratings since. At the end of process, a small number of dancers are chosen as finalists. These dancers move on to the main phase, where they perform solo, duet. They compete for the votes of the broadcast viewing audience which, the number of finalists has varied as determined by a seasons format, but has often been 20 contestants. Competitors attempt to master various dance styles, including classical, contemporary, ballroom, hip-hop, street, club, jazz and these are usually assigned by a luck-of-the-draw system during the successive weeks of elimination. The eventual champion wins a prize and the title Americas Favorite Dancer. Girard and Wespi-Tschopp shared the title as dual-winners for the ninth season, since season 7, finalists have been paired with a So You Think You Can Dance All-Star as a partner and sometimes a mentor. The show has won seven Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Choreography, on January 30,2017, Fox renewed the series for a fourteenth season, which returns to its former contestant age range of 18-30 but keeps the All-Star partnerships. The open auditions, the first stage in determining a seasons finalists, the cities where auditions are held change from season to season but some, such as Los Angeles and New York, have featured in most seasons. During this stage, dancers perform a routine before a panel of dance experts, usually headed by series creator. This panel then decides whether the dancer demonstrated enough ability. If the dancer exhibited exceptional ability in their performance, judges award a ticket to Vegas, the dancers are put through a battery of rounds that test their ability to pick up various dance styles. At the end of process, usually less than 40 competitors remain in a pool that final contestants are chosen from. Most seasons have featured 20 top finalists for the portion of the show. Since Season six, the series has featured a showcase episode that takes place immediately before the main competition. In this showcase, dancers compete for the first time on the main SYTYCD stage in Los Angeles before an audience, dancing duet or group routines
17.
Live with Kelly and Ryan
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Live with Kelly is an American syndicated morning talk show, hosted by Kelly Ripa. Executive-produced by Michael Gelman, the show has aired since 1983 locally on WABC-TV in New York City and 1988 nationwide, as of 2016, it is produced by WABC. The franchise has had longstanding success and has won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Talk Show, on January 19,2016, the show was renewed through the 2019–20 season. On February 12,2016, an episode focused on Ripas 15 years as part of the program. On April 18,2016, Strahan and ABC announced that he was leaving the show to join ABCs Good Morning America full-time, executive producer Michael Gelman said in 1993, The real concept of the show, in a symbolic sense, is that they are husband and wife. They have their coffee mugs and theyre chit-chatting about whats going on and that is the basis of the shows signature Host Chat, an unscripted on-air conversation between the co-hosts that opens each show. Then, a viewer is called to answer a trivia question about the show. The show then continues with interviews with celebrity guests, musical performances, and other recurring segments, including regular features showcasing fashion, food, health, and lifestyle topics. The format of Live. has been emulated by other successful shows such as the British programmes Richard & Judy and Today with Des. The show is broadcast live from New York City, on weekdays at 9 a. m. for most stations in the Eastern Time Zone, and is tape-delayed for the rest of the country. Live did not air in a timeslot on all ABC-owned stations until September 2013. Live will also invite whiz kids to oppose the co-hosts at spelling, athletics, mathematics, sport stacking, a recurring gag with Philbin as co-host was him challenging seniors—preferably over the age of 100—at tennis, basketball, ping-pong, and bowling, for example. Every year at Halloween, the co-hosts wear dozens of costumes, the 2013 special, entitled the Best Halloween Show Ever, had the most costume changes to date with over 50 in one hour. In February, Live throws a wedding for a couple who writes in with reasons why they should be married on the show, viewer submissions are also accepted for their Moms Dream Come True Special, where the co-hosts pay tribute to a select group of mothers. Live from the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, the show airs its Post-Oscar Special the day after the awards ceremony, the co-hosts interview winners and presenters as well as other attendees on the red carpet, backstage and live on the show. Also, a panel recaps the best and worst of fashions worn at the event, Live has been to eight countries and nearly 25 states, logging 200,000 miles. While on location, the transplant the franchises own brand of entertainment-oriented talk with the beauty of the particular location providing a colorful backdrop to the shows segments. The show has part of its origins in A. M, Los Angeles, a local show that was broadcast on KABC-TV in Los Angeles from 1971 to 1981 that was originally created and hosted by Ralph Story, with Stephanie Edwards as co-host
18.
Step Up 2: The Streets
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Step Up 2, The Streets is a 2008 American dance film. It is the sequel to the 2006 film Step Up from Touchstone Pictures, the film was directed by Jon M. Chu and choreographed by Jamal Sims, Nadine Hi Hat Ruffin and Dave Scott. Patrick Wachsberger and Erik Feig of Summit Entertainment produced with Adam Shankman, the film was followed by Step Up 3D, released in 2010. In Baltimore, Maryland, Andie West pursues her dream of becoming a street dancer, after her mother died from cancer Andie moved in with her mothers best friend, Sarah. Deep down Andie feels like she does not belong anywhere, although she is doing poorly at school, it is her dream for dancing that brings something special into her life. She trains with her crew,410 to keep the title of the illegal competition. Tyler Gage who is like a big brother to Andie sees her at a dance club. When Andie tells him about Sarahs plans to send her to Texas to live with her aunt Tyler explains that Sarahs trying to keep Andie safe. He tries to persuade Andie to audition for the Maryland School of the Arts, Tyler decides to battle her for it. Tyler wins the battle and the two back to Andies house where Tyler asks Sarah to let her audition for MSA. Sarah refuses because she believes that Andie will be safer in Texas, Tyler eventually persuades Sarah to let Andie audition for MSA while he goes on tour with Nora Clark. Sarah reluctantly agrees, but she tells Andie that if she screws up with MSA shell have to go to Texas, Chase Collins persuades his brother Blake Collins to recruit Andie after seeing her audition. When 410 learns about Andies involvement at MSA, they kick her out, Andie and Chase form a new crew with help from many people Chase knows at the school, all of not accepted as who they are, including Andies new friend Moose. Chase has a key to the studio and the crew secretly practices their routine late at night when the school is empty. They perform at the dance club, but are rejected and kicked out. Andies best friend Missy Serrano joins the crew after leaving 410 following the event, Missy tells the crew that the only way to enter The Streets is to first pull a prank and post it on the Internet to show that the crew is entering the competition. Wanting revenge for being humiliated before, Chase decides that their prank will be to make an out of Tuck. The crew goes to a barbecue at Missys house
19.
New Kids on the Block
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New Kids on the Block is an American boy band from Boston, Massachusetts. The band currently consists of brothers Jordan and Jonathan Knight, Joey McIntyre, Donnie Wahlberg, New Kids on the Block enjoyed success in the late 1980s and early 1990s and have sold more than 80 million records worldwide. They won two American Music Awards in 1990 for Favorite Pop/Rock Band, Duo, or Group and Favorite Pop/Rock Album, the group disbanded in 1994, after which several attempts were made to get the group back together, all of them unsuccessful. After secretly reuniting in 2007 and recording a new CD, the group released new album. The album, entitled The Block, was released on September 2,2008, New Kids on the Block was listed as number 16 on Rolling Stones Top 25 Teen Idol Breakout Moments. The group was on tour with the Backstreet Boys in 2011–12 as NKOTBSB and this collaboration first performed live together on November 21,2010 at the American Music Awards on ABC and again on 2011 New Years on ABCs Dick Clark/Ryan Seacrest show. The group received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on October 9,2014, in the early 1980s, Maurice Starr discovered R&B/pop quintet New Edition, and guided their early success. After breaking ties with them, Starr and his business partner, Mary Alford, fifteen-year-old Donnie Wahlberg immediately impressed Starr and Alford with his rapping skills, dancing ability and showmanship, becoming the groups first member. Wahlberg assisted in helping to recruit other members, among them were his younger brother Mark and his best friend Danny Wood. He also coaxed one-time schoolmate Jordan Knight - who sang an exceptional falsetto - into auditioning for Starr as well, upon Knights passing the audition, his older brother Jonathan was accepted into the group as well. With the final line-up in place, Starr rehearsed the boys diligently, after school and on weekends, however, the label demanded Starr change the name of the group. Subsequently, they settled on New Kids on the Block, after a rap song that Donnie Wahlberg had written, in April 1986, Columbia Records released the groups self-titled debut album. The album, almost exclusively written and produced by Maurice Starr, the first single, Be My Girl, received minor airplay around the groups native Boston, but failed to capture nationwide attention. The albums second single, Stop It Girl, fared even worse, the New Kids went on tour around the New England states, singing wherever Starr could book them, in bars, school dances, and clubs. Nevertheless, Starr remained diligent and persuaded the label to allow the group to record a second album, after the failure of the first album, Starr had the group back in the studio for most of 1987 and 1988 recording their second album. Dissatisfied with the bubblegum sound of their first album, the group wanted to have more input on their look, direction. As a result, Wahlberg, Wood and Jordan Knight received associate producer credit on the final product, the albums first single was Please Dont Go Girl, a ballad released in the spring of 1988. Failure seemed destined a second time when the song became another that went unnoticed by the listening public, at the eleventh hour, however, a radio station in Florida began playing the song
20.
Jesse McCartney
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Jesse McCartney is an American actor, singer and songwriter. McCartney achieved fame in the late 1990s on the daytime drama All My Children as JR Chandler and he later joined boy band Dream Street, and eventually branched out into a solo musical career. Additionally, McCartney has appeared on such as Law & Order, SVU, Summerland. McCartney was born on April 9,1987, in Ardsley, Westchester, New York, the son of Ginger and Scott McCartney. He began performing in local community musicals at the age of seven, before joining the tour of The King. There he played the character of Louis, in 1998, he sang with the group Sugar Beats and can be heard on their 1998,1999, and 2000 CD releases. In 1999, McCartney joined the American pop boy band Dream Street and he has described the experience as a good stepping stone for his solo career. The group earned a record with their debut CD. McCartney released his first solo EP in July 2003, the album featured three songs, Beautiful Soul, Dont You, Why Dont You Kiss Her. In 2004, he performed a duet with Anne Hathaway, Dont Go Breaking My Heart, which is featured on the Ella Enchanted soundtrack. McCartneys debut solo album, Beautiful Soul, which was two years in the making, was released on September 28,2004, in the United States and he categorized it as a pop record with twists of urban. The album featured four songs that he co-wrote, Beautiful Soul reached number 15 on the Billboard 200. By mid-2006, the album had more than 1.5 million copies. The albums lead single of the same reached number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100. McCartney was one of the artists to win awards at the 2005 Teen Choice Awards, including Choice Crossover Artist, Choice Male Artist and Choice Breakout. The following year, he won Favorite Male Singer at the Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards and his first headlining tour, also named Beautiful Soul, began on May 2,2005 at the Crest Theatre in Sacramento, California. The United States portion of the tour spanned 56 stops, ending on September 10,2005 at the Madera District County Fair in Madera, in the fall of 2005, McCartney toured Australia, and opened for the Backstreet Boys in Europe in the summer of 2005. His July 9 performance at Californias Great America in Santa Clara, California was recorded, released as Live, after the filming of Keith wrapped, McCartney began working on his second album, Right Where You Want Me, co-writing all but one of the songs featured in it
21.
America's Next Top Model (cycle 13)
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The thirteenth cycle of Americas Next Top Model premiered on September 9,2009 and was the seventh season to be aired on The CW network. The cycles catch phrase is The Lineup Is 57 And Under, BOOK EM. and the promotional song was Good Girls Go Bad by Cobra Starship featuring Leighton Meester. The ending/elimination song, entitled Top Model, is sung by Marvin Fequiere, the winner was 18-year-old Nicole Fox from Louisville, Colorado. This cycle featured one change to the judging panel, judge Paulina Porizkova left the show after the previous season. With her departure, only three permanent judges remained, a first for the series and this cycle also moved back to Los Angeles, after being filmed in New York City for cycle 12. The cast size was again increased to 14 contestants. All of the contestants for this season were of height 57 or shorter, at the start of episode 2, it was revealed that due to personal issues, Amber would not be continuing on in the competition. In episode 3, Rachel was eliminated from the competition after performing the worst during a meeting with a Wilhelmina representative, in episode 5, Brittany won immunity from elimination for performing the best at the photo shoot. She also won a reward as a result. In episode 6, Brittany, Jennifer and Rae were called first together and it was also noted that Brittany had performed the best overall. Episode 13 was the recap episode and she was also a model for a skit on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon. Lulu Braithwaite has modeled for D. A. M, courtney Davies is signed with Wilhelmina Models in Miami and LA. She has appeared in Glamour, Atlantic Ave Magazine, Short Hair Guide, Fashion Market Magazine and she also appeared in the ABC family TV series Pretty Little Liars as Quinn in a recurring role for 2 episodes in 2011. Rachel Echelberger has been signed with BMG Models in New York, Nicole Fox is currently signed with Wilhelmina Models. She received a six-page spread in Seventeen Magazine, and an ad for Cover Girl Lash Blast Mascara and she has also modeled for Illiterate Magazine, in which she had a spread, and been featured on AOL. com, More magazine and in OK. She was featured in Wild Fox Coutures 2010 fall collection lookbook along with models Rachel Ballinger, ashley Howard has done some modelling work but since then has gone back to her job as a dance teacher. Laura Kirkpatrick has been signed to Wünder Model Management and AB/FAB Management and she has received several representation offers from modeling agencies, including Tyra Banks Bankable Productions. She has also taken part for some charity print work for 2010 Haiti earthquake relief, in 2011, she participated in Americas Next Top Model, Cycle 17 with several returning models
22.
America's Next Top Model
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Created and executive produced by Tyra Banks, the series premiered in May 2003, and was aired semiannually until 2012, then annually from 2013. The first six seasons were aired on UPN, before UPN merged The WB to create The CW in 2006, the following sixteen cycles were aired on The CW until the series was first cancelled in October 2015. The series has since been revived, with cycle 23 currently airing on VH1, the series was among the highest-rated programs on UPN, and was the highest-rated show on The CW from 2007 to 2010. Advertisers paid $61,315 per 30-second slot during the 2011–12 television seasons, the first twenty-two cycles of the series were presented by Banks, with cycle 23 being presented by Rita Ora. The series employs a panel of three or four judges, the original panel consisted of Banks, Janice Dickinson, Beau Quillian and Kimora Lee Simmons. Quillian and Simmons were replaced by Nigel Barker and Eric Nicholson in cycle 2, after cycle 4, Marin and Dickinson were replaced by J. Alexander and Twiggy in cycle 5. Paulina Porizkova joined the panel in cycle 10, in place of Twiggy, after cycle 12, Porizkova was fired by Banks and the panel was left with three judges in cycle 13. In cycle 14, Alexander left the panel and was replaced by André Leon Talley, in cycle 18, Kelly Cutrone replaced Talley. After cycle 18, Banks fired long-standing cast members Barker, Alexander, Barker was replaced by Rob Evans in cycle 19, and Manuel by Johnny Wujek. Alexander returned to the panel in cycle 21 in place of Evans, before the panel was replaced with Ora, Ashley Graham, Drew Elliott. Ora will be replaced as presenter and judge by the returning Banks for the upcoming cycle 24, cycles 1–16 and cycle 19 each consisted of a cast of between 10 and 14 female contestants with no previous participation on the series. Cycles 20–22 featured male contestants in the contest, including two eventual winners, cycle 23 follows the series original format of an all-new, all-female cast. Winners typically receive a feature in a magazine and a contract with a modeling agency among other prizes, the series is the originator of the international Top Model franchise. Over 30 versions of the series have been produced internationally and it was announced on January 24,2006, that Top Model would be part of the new The CW network, a merge between UPN and The WB, when the seventh cycle started in September airing on Wednesdays. The series became the first series among regular programming to air on the network, prior to the announcement of merging with The WB, UPN had committed to renewing the series through its ninth cycle on January 20,2006, for which casting was conducted throughout mid-2006. Americas Next Top Model is the show left on the network that was originally from UPN. On July 21,2006, the writers of Americas Next Top Model went on strike while working on cycle 7, the writers sought representation through the Writers Guild of America, West, which would allow them regulated wages, access to portable health insurance, and pension benefits. These benefits would be similar to those given to writers on scripted shows, the strike was the focus of a large rally of Hollywood writers coinciding with the premiere of the new network on September 20,2006
23.
Shaquille O'Neal
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Shaquille Rashaun Shaq ONeal, nicknamed Shaq, is a retired American professional basketball player and former rapper who is currently an analyst on the television program Inside the NBA. Listed at 7 ft 1 in tall and weighing 325 pounds, ONeal played for six teams throughout his 19-year NBA career. Following his career at Louisiana State University, ONeal was drafted by the Orlando Magic with the first overall pick in the 1992 NBA draft. He quickly became one of the best centers in the league, winning Rookie of the Year in 1992–93, after four years with the Magic, ONeal signed as a free agent with the Los Angeles Lakers. They won three championships in 2000,2001, and 2002. Amid tension between ONeal and Kobe Bryant, ONeal was traded to the Miami Heat in 2004, midway through the 2007–2008 season he was traded to the Phoenix Suns. After a season-and-a-half with the Suns, ONeal was traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers in the 2009–10 season, ONeal played for the Boston Celtics in the 2010–11 season before retiring. He is one of three players to win NBA MVP, All-Star game MVP and Finals MVP awards in the same year. He ranks 7th all-time in points scored, 5th in field goals, 13th in rebounds, largely due to his ability to dunk the basketball, ONeal also ranks 3rd all-time in field goal percentage. ONeal was elected into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2016, in addition to his basketball career, ONeal has released four rap albums, with his first, Shaq Diesel, going platinum. He has appeared in films and has starred in his own reality shows, Shaqs Big Challenge. He currently hosts The Big Podcast with Shaq, ONeal was born on March 6,1972 in Newark, New Jersey, to Lucille ONeal and Joe Toney, an All-State guard in high school who was offered a basketball scholarship to play at Seton Hall. Toney struggled with addiction and was imprisoned for drug possession when ONeal was an infant. Upon his release, he did not resume a place in ONeals life and instead agreed to relinquish his rights to ONeals stepfather, Phillip A. Harrison. ONeal remained estranged from his father for decades, ONeal had not spoken with Toney or expressed an interest in establishing a relationship. On his 1994 rap album, Shaq Fu, The Return, ONeal voiced his feelings of disdain for Toney in the song Biological Didnt Bother, dismissing him with the line Phil is my father. However, ONeals feelings toward Toney mellowed in the years following Harrisons death in 2013, ONeal credits the Boys and Girls Club of America in Newark with giving him a safe place to play and keeping him off the streets. It gave me something to do, he said, id just go there to shoot
24.
University of Florida
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The University of Florida is an American public land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research university on a 2, 000-acre campus in Gainesville, Florida. It is a member of the State University System of Florida and traces its origins to 1853. The University is classified as a Research University with Very High Research by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, for 2017, U. S. News & World Report ranked Florida as the fourteenth best public university in the United States. The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and it is the third largest Florida university by student population, and is the eighth largest single-campus university in the United States with 49,913 students enrolled for the fall 2012 semester. The University of Florida is home to sixteen colleges and more than 150 research centers. The University of Florida traces its origins to 1853, when the East Florida Seminary, on January 6,1853, Governor Thomas Brown signed a bill that provided public support for higher education in Florida. Gilbert Kingsbury was the first person to take advantage of the legislation, and established the East Florida Seminary, the East Florida Seminary was Floridas first state-supported institution of higher learning. James Henry Roper, an educator from North Carolina and a senator from Alachua County, had opened a school in Gainesville. In 1866, Roper offered his land and school to the State of Florida in exchange for the relocation of the East Florida Seminary to Gainesville, the second major precursor to the University of Florida was the Florida Agricultural College, established at Lake City by Jordan Probst in 1884. Florida Agricultural College became the states first land-grant college under the Morrill Act, in 1905, the Florida Legislature passed the Buckman Act, which consolidated the states publicly supported higher education institutions. The member of the legislature who wrote the act, Henry Holland Buckman, later became the namesake of Buckman Hall, the Buckman Act organized the State University System of Florida and created the Florida Board of Control to govern the system. The City of Gainesville, led by its Mayor William Reuben Thomas, on July 6,1905, the Board of Control selected Gainesville for the new university campus. Andrew Sledd, president of the pre-existing University of Florida at Lake City, was selected to be the first president of the new University of the State of Florida, architect William A. Edwards designed the first official campus buildings in the Collegiate Gothic style. Classes began on the new Gainesville campus on September 26,1906, in 1909, the schools name was simplified from the University of the State of Florida to the University of Florida. The alligator was incidentally chosen as the mascot in 1911, after a local vendor ordered. Murphree is the only University of Florida president honored with a statue on the campus, before this, only the summer semester was coeducational, to accommodate women teachers who wanted to further their education during the summer break. Lassie Goodbread-Black from Lake City became the first woman to enroll at the University of Florida, john J. Tigert became the third university president in 1928. By the end of the 1946–47 school year,954 men were enrolled at the Tallahassee Branch, the following semester, the Florida Legislature returned the Florida State College for Women to coeducational status and renamed it Florida State University
25.
Gator Growl
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Gator Growl, produced by Florida Blue Key, is a student-run pep rally at the University of Florida that was founded in 1932. It marks the culmination of Homecoming Week at the university, designated as the largest student-run pep rally in the world, the show is held annually on Flavet Field at the University of Florida. In 2014 Gator Growl organizers changed the venue and moved the event to Flavet Field, Gator Growl has been a University of Florida tradition over 80 years. Gator Growl has its roots in the tradition of “Dad’s Day, in 1916, a pep rally replaced Dad’s Day and “Gator Growl” was born. Known as “firing up” enthusiasm for the next football game. In 1923, the tradition grew as skits, musical performances, students & alumni continued to express their Gator spirit by participating in cheers and enjoying performances by UF’s Marching Band, Cheerleaders and Dazzlers. Over time, the Gator Growl production grew with the advancement of technology to its current scale, today, it is a showcase of athletic talent and spirited tradition, a spectacle of fireworks, light displays, live music, and comedy. More than 500 student volunteers work for thousands of hours to coordinate the night of festivities for the University of Florida community, producers, assistant directors, and staff members are in charge of the production, execution, promotion and dismantling of the show. These student volunteers earn Gator Growl its beloved nickname, “the world’s largest student-run pep rally. ”The majority of the manual labor associated with major production. OConnell Center, the University of Floridas indoor sports arena, the event takes more than a week to physically set up and requires more than 200 student employees to do so. Because Gator Growl is always held the night before a football game. The Production Lead and the Head Electrician will typically serve as an apprentice to the position the year prior, as a longstanding tradition at the University of Florida, Gator Growl is a show produced by students for students and alumni. The venue change also reduces the need for a single stage setup. The show features performances from the UF Dazzlers, the University of Florida cheerleaders, in addition to the cheers, there are performances from guest comedians, musicians, and entertainers who perform for the assembled students and alumni. A special portion of the show is reserved for celebrity cameo appearances, in the past, cameo appearances have included former Presidents George H. Bush and Bill Clinton, as well as entertainment icons such as David Letterman, Katie Couric, and Nature Boy Ric Flair. Gator Growl 2015 will feature three-time Grammy Award winning rapper T. I. double platinum indie-pop band Echosmith, Official Website of Gator Growl Florida Blue Key Alligator article about Gator Growl Official Website of University of Florida Homecoming Stephen C
26.
Taylor Swift
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Taylor Alison Swift is an American singer-songwriter. One of the most popular contemporary female recording artists, she is known for songs about her personal life. Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at age 14 to pursue a career in country music and she signed with the independent label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house. Her eponymous debut album in 2006 peaked at five on Billboard 200. The albums third single, Our Song, made her the youngest person to single-handedly write, Swifts second album, Fearless, was released in 2008. Buoyed by the pop success of the singles Love Story and You Belong with Me. The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner, Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, Speak Now. It debuted at one in the United States and the single Mean won two Grammy Awards. Her fourth album, Red, yielded the successful singles We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together, with her fifth album, the pop-focused 1989, she became the first act to have three albums sell a million copies within one week in the United States. Its singles Shake It Off, Blank Space and Bad Blood reached number one in the US, Australia, the album received three Grammy Awards, and Swift became the first woman and fifth act overall to win Album of the Year twice. The 2015 eponymous concert tour for 1989 became one of highest-grossing of the decade, as a songwriter, Swift has received awards from the Nashville Songwriters Association and the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Swift is one of the artists of all time, having sold more than 40 million albums—including 27.1 million in the US—and 130 million single downloads. She has appeared in Times 100 most influential people in the world, Forbes top-earning women in music, Forbes 100 most powerful women and she was the youngest woman to be included in the third of these and ranked first in Celebrity 100. Taylor Alison Swift was born on December 13,1989, in Reading and her father, Scott Kingsley Swift, was a financial advisor, and her mother, Andrea Gardner Swift, was a homemaker who worked previously as a mutual fund marketing executive. She has a brother named Austin. Swift spent the years of her life on a Christmas tree farm in Cumru Township. She attended preschool and kindergarten at the Alvernia Montessori School, run by Franciscan nuns, the family then moved to a rented house in the suburban town of Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, where she attended Wyomissing Area Junior/Senior High School. At the age of nine, Swift became interested in musical theater and she also traveled regularly to New York City for vocal and acting lessons
27.
The Bachelorette
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The Bachelorette is an American reality television dating game show that debuted on ABC on January 8,2003. The show is a spin-off of The Bachelor aired on the same network, the first season featured Trista Rehn, the runner-up date from the first season of The Bachelor, offering the opportunity for Rehn to choose a husband among 25 bachelors. The 2004 season of The Bachelorette again took a runner-up from the season of The Bachelor. After last airing on February 28,2005, the returned to ABC during the spring of 2008. All of the rules are adopted from the rules of The Bachelor, Season 11 was the first season to feature a twist in casting. Since producers could not decide between The Bachelor Season 19 contenders Kaitlyn Bristowe and Britt Nilsson, the 25 men participating had to decide which bachelorette would make the best wife. In the end, more men voted for Kaitlyn and Britt was sent home on the first night, for the final selection, one of two male suitors proposes to the bachelorette. All eleven seasons of The Bachelorette have ended with a proposal which the Bachelorette either accepted or declined and this differs from The Bachelor, who does not always propose at the end of the show. At the end of Juan Pablos season, he decided to choose a girl to keep spending time with, Trista Rehns marriage to Ryan Sutter, Ashley Heberts marriage to JP Rosenbaum, and Desiree Hartsocks marriage to Chris Siegfried have been the only marriages to result. The weddings of the two were broadcast on ABC. Season 13 is the first to have an African-American contestant as the bachelorette, family Guy parodied the shows authenticity in the episode Brian the Bachelor on June 26,2005. The Bachelorette season 4 winner, Jesse Csincsak, commented that contestants must follow producers orders, fleiss has come under fire for admitting that The Bachelor has less to do with reality than it does making good television. By season 7 of The Bachelorette, some believe that actors were being hired by ABC to play roles on the show. Some viewers were becoming tired of the scripted nature and speaking out. By season 8, there were numerous complaints when the entire cast of The Bachelorette overtly acted out the written script with the cast of The Muppets. Much like the parent show, the first two seasons were filmed in a house in Los Angeles County, California, and Villa De La Vina, in Agoura Hills. Since the fifth season, the third and remaining episodes filmed around the world, in addition to Villa De La Vina mansion, the contestants in season 4 lived in a bunkhouse close to the mansion. A Shot at Love with Tila Tequila I Love New York Transamerican Love Story Official website The Bachelorette at the Internet Movie Database The Bachelorette at TV. com
28.
Sydney
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Sydney /ˈsɪdni/ is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australias east coast, the metropolis surrounds the worlds largest natural harbour, residents of Sydney are known as Sydneysiders. The Sydney area has been inhabited by indigenous Australians for at least 30,000 years, the first British settlers, led by Captain Arthur Phillip, arrived in 1788 to found Sydney as a penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. Since convict transportation ended in the century, the city has transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural. As at June 2016 Sydneys estimated population was 5,005,358, in the 2011 census,34 percent of the population reported having been born overseas, representing many different nationalities and making Sydney one of the most multicultural cities in the world. There are more than 250 different languages spoken in Sydney and about one-third of residents speak a language other than English at home and it is classified as an Alpha+ World City by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has a market economy with strengths in finance, manufacturing. Its gross regional product was $337 billion in 2013, the largest in Australia, there is a significant concentration of foreign banks and multinational corporations in Sydney and the city is promoted as one of Asia Pacifics leading financial hubs. Its natural features include Sydney Harbour, the Royal National Park, man-made attractions such as the Sydney Opera House, Sydney Tower and the Sydney Harbour Bridge are also well known to international visitors. The first people to inhabit the now known as Sydney were indigenous Australians having migrated from northern Australia. Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity first started to occur in the Sydney area from around 30,735 years ago, the earliest British settlers called them Eora people. Eora is the term the indigenous used to explain their origins upon first contact with the British. Its literal meaning is from this place, prior to the arrival of the British there were 4,000 to 8,000 native people in Sydney from as many as 29 different clans. Sydney Cove from Port Jackson to Petersham was inhabited by the Cadigal clan, the principal language groups were Darug, Guringai, and Dharawal. The earliest Europeans to visit the area noted that the people were conducting activities such as camping and fishing, using trees for bark and food, collecting shells. Development has destroyed much of the citys history including that of the first inhabitants, there continues to be examples of rock art and engravings located in the protected Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park. The first meeting between the people and the British occurred on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula. He noted in his journal that they were confused and somewhat hostile towards the foreign visitors, Cook was on a mission of exploration and was not commissioned to start a settlement
29.
Melbourne
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Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia and Oceania. The name Melbourne refers to an urban agglomeration spanning 9,900 km2, the metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. It has a population of 4,641,636 as of 2016, and its inhabitants are called Melburnians. Founded by free settlers from the British Crown colony of Van Diemens Land on 30 August 1835, in what was then the colony of New South Wales, it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837. It was named Melbourne by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria, to whom Lord Melbourne was close, in 1847, during the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the worlds largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as the interim seat of government until 1927. It is a financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region. It is recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a centre for street art, music. It was the host city of the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games, the main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport, the second busiest in Australia. The Port of Melbourne is Australias busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo, Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the regional train. Melbourne is also home to Australias most extensive network and has the worlds largest urban tram network. Before the arrival of settlers, humans had occupied the area for an estimated 31,000 to 40,000 years. At the time of European settlement, it was inhabited by under 2000 hunter-gatherers from three indigenous tribes, the Wurundjeri, Boonwurrung and Wathaurong. The area was an important meeting place for the clans of the Kulin nation alliance and it would be 30 years before another settlement was attempted. Batman selected a site on the bank of the Yarra River. Batman then returned to Launceston in Tasmania, in early August 1835 a different group of settlers, including John Pascoe Fawkner, left Launceston on the ship Enterprize
30.
Brisbane
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Brisbane is the capital of and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland, and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbanes metropolitan area has a population of 2.35 million, the Brisbane central business district stands on the original European settlement and is situated inside a bend of the Brisbane River, about 15 kilometres from its mouth at Moreton Bay. The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite, one of the oldest cities in Australia, Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples. A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe,28 kilometres north of the business district. The city was marred by the Australian frontier wars between 1843 and 1855, and development was set back by the Great Fire of Brisbane. Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a colony from New South Wales in 1859. During World War II, Brisbane played a role in the Allied campaign. Today, Brisbane is well known for its distinct Queenslander architecture which forms much of the built heritage. It also receives attention for its damaging flood events, most notably in 1974 and 2011. Several large cultural, international and sporting events have held at Brisbane, including the 1982 Commonwealth Games, World Expo 88, the final Goodwill Games in 2001. Prior to white settlement, the Brisbane area was inhabited by the Turrbal and they knew the area that is now the central business district as Mian-jin, meaning place shaped as a spike. The Moreton Bay area was explored by Matthew Flinders. On 17 July 1799, Flinders landed at what is now known as Woody Point, in 1823 Governor of New South Wales Sir Thomas Brisbane instructed that a new northern penal settlement be developed, and an exploration party led by John Oxley further explored Moreton Bay. Oxley discovered, named, and explored the Brisbane River as far as Goodna,20 kilometres upstream from the Brisbane central business district, Oxley recommended Red Cliff Point for the new colony, reporting that ships could land at any tide and easily get close to the shore. The party settled in Redcliffe on 13 September 1824, under the command of Lieutenant Henry Miller with 14 soldiers and 29 convicts. However, this settlement was abandoned after a year and the colony was moved to a site on the Brisbane River now known as North Quay,28 km south, chief Justice Forbes gave the new settlement the name of Edenglassie before it was named Brisbane. Non-convict European settlement of the Brisbane region commenced in 1838, German missionaries settled at Zions Hill, Nundah as early as 1837, five years before Brisbane was officially declared a free settlement. The band consisted of ministers Christopher Eipper and Carl Wilhelm Schmidt and lay missionaries Haussmann, Johann Gottried Wagner, Niquet, Hartenstein, Zillman, Franz, Rode, Doege and they were allocated 260 hectares and set about establishing the mission, which became known as the German Station
31.
The Bangerz
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The Bangerz are a six-member production and DJ group originating in San Jose, California, and now based in Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and the Bay Area. They have released three albums, two of which are the official scores for live stage shows by the group Jabbawockeez, who were named MTV’s America’s Best Dance Crew Champions in 2008. The Bangerz were founded as a production and DJ supergroup in San Jose. All the members, including Goldenchyld, Replay, Nick Ngo, Cutso, Squareweezy, All six members had previously been parts of different DJ collectives. DJ Cutso, for example, had started mixing after learning from his uncle at eight years old, and based a lot of his music on Depeche Mode, Kraftwerk, OMD. According to Cutso, Growing up in San Jose, there was a presence of mobile DJs, dance groups. So growing up in that environment really struck a nerve with me, on October 24,1998, Cutso invited a number of DJ friends to his 17th birthday party. According to Cutso, We had a bit of a showcase that night. We jammed in front of the party and everyone was super juiced on it. That following Monday at school, we assembled what would become the Fingerbangerz Crew. The Fingerbangerz originally formed for the sake of battling, and later began to DJ parties, as the only 6-person DJ and production team to make and perform music, they were the first DJ group to utilize a 12-turntable team routine in 1999. Theyve stated, we entered every local record store, high school and our plan was to just dominate the battle scene, and that’s exactly what we did. The Bangerz were named the 2001 DMC Regional Champions and 2000 International Turntablist Federation Western Hemisphere Team Champions, the group came out with a mixtape called Robot Remains, which debuted at #7 on the electronic charts on iTunes. After releasing several mixtapes and winning various DJ battles, they started producing our own brand of scratch-infused experimental music, after 2003, the finger aspect of the name was dropped to make the group more accessible to a younger crowd. The group released their first album, VI-R-US, in 2003, released independently, it widened their fanbase as far as Japan and brought them more fully to the attention of Jabbawockeez, a hip-hop dance crew who had started dancing to Bangerz tracks in 2003. According to Cutso, We grew up one of the Jabbawockeez’ former members. They were forming the Jabbawockeez around the time we released our first album, VI. R. US. He showed it to them, and they used it for some of their routines and they built their signature style around all of the chaos and intricacies of our music
32.
Monte Carlo Resort and Casino
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The Monte Carlo Resort and Casino is a megaresort hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. The hotel, with a height of 360 ft, has 32 floors, featuring a 102, 000-square-foot casino floor with 1,400 slot machines,60 table games and it is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. The hotel offers 2,992 guest rooms, including 259 luxury suites and it is being converted from late 2016 to 2018 into the Park MGM, with the upper floors converted into a boutique hotel, NoMad Las Vegas. The hotel, named to invoke the Place du Casino in Monte Carlo, features chandelier domes, marble floors, neoclassical arches, ornate fountains, as of 2010, Monte Carlo has a AAA-Four-Diamond rating. A21,000 sq ft pool area includes a pool with constantly changing wave patterns. The CityCenter Tram offers access to the Bellagio and Crystals retail district in the CityCenter complex, on October 7,2010, the JabbaWockeeZ - described as a modern dance/hip-hop crew - began performance of their permanent headline show at Monte Carlo, entitled MÜS. I. C. In 2012, the JabbaWockeeZ show moved to the 800-seat Monte Carlo Pavilion, on October 11,2015, Blue Man Group discontinued their show at the Monte Carlo and moved back to the Luxor to open a new show, which opened on November 18,2015. The hotel seeks to provide an unpretentiously luxurious experience, as of 2009, the Monte Carlo print advertising campaign features humorously misspelled French words coupled with glamorous images. The campaigns tagline is Unpretentiously luxurious, ground was broken for the hotel in March 1995. It was originally known as the Grand Victoria, the palatial style was a reminiscent of the Belle Epoque, which is how the French refer to the architecture of the Victorian era in England. After much criticism by MGM Grand officials, it was shortened to Victoria and then changed to Monte Carlo, named after the Monte Carlo Casino in Monte Carlo, Monaco. Monte Carlo was built as a joint venture between Mirage Resorts and Circus Circus Enterprises, and cost US$344 million to build, the resort sits on 44 acres, occupied by the Dunes Hotel golf course until its demolition in October 1993. The Monte Carlo opened to the public on June 21,1996, at 12,01 a. m. following invitation-only VIP pre-opening celebration the prior day, including a fireworks show. On January 25,2008, at 10,57 AM, portions of the hotel facades Exterior Insulation Finishing System burned with some debris falling off and starting smaller secondary fires on ledges three floors below. The fire was contained a hour after it began. It was a fire, although there was water damage to parts of several floors. The Hotel & Casino reopened to guests on February 15,2008, MGM Mirage officials put the total losses due to fire damage and loss of business at just under $100 million. The 5, 200-seat Park Theater at the Monte Carlo was built and it will feature the new Eataly restaurant
33.
Las Vegas
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The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert. Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city known primarily for its gambling, shopping, fine dining, entertainment and it is the leading financial, commercial, and cultural center for Nevada. The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World and it is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry, claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any city in the world. Today, Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the worlds most visited tourist destinations. The citys tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City, and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature, films, television programs, Las Vegas was settled in 1905 and officially incorporated in 1911. At the close of the 20th century, it was the most populated American city founded within that century, population growth has accelerated since the 1960s, and between 1990 and 2000 the population nearly doubled, increasing by 85. 2%. Rapid growth has continued into the 21st century, and according to a 2013 estimate, perhaps the earliest visitors to the Las Vegas area were nomadic Paleo-Indians, who traveled there 10,000 years ago, leaving behind petroglyphs. Anasazi and Paiute tribes followed at least 2,000 years ago, a young Mexican scout named Rafael Rivera is credited as the first non-Native American to encounter the valley, in 1829. Trader Antonio Armijo led a 60-man party along the Spanish Trail to Los Angeles, the area was named Las Vegas, which is Spanish for the meadows, as it featured abundant wild grasses, as well as desert spring waters for westward travelers. The year 1844 marked the arrival of John C, frémont, whose writings helped lure pioneers to the area. Downtown Las Vegas Fremont Street is named after him, eleven years later members of the LDS Church chose Las Vegas as the site to build a fort halfway between Salt Lake City and Los Angeles, where they would travel to gather supplies. The fort was abandoned several years afterward, the remainder of this Old Mormon Fort can still be seen at the intersection of Las Vegas Boulevard and Washington Avenue. Las Vegas was founded as a city in 1905, when 110 acres of adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad tracks were auctioned in what would become the downtown area. In 1911, Las Vegas was incorporated as a city,1931 was a pivotal year for Las Vegas. At that time, Nevada legalized casino gambling and reduced residency requirements for divorce to six weeks and this year also witnessed the beginning of construction on nearby Hoover Dam. The influx of workers and their families helped Las Vegas avoid economic calamity during the Great Depression. The construction work was completed in 1935, in 1941, the Las Vegas Army Air Corps Gunnery School was established. Currently known as Nellis Air Force Base, it is home to the team called the Thunderbirds
34.
Kara Saun
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Kara Saun is an American fashion designer who participated in the first season of American reality show Project Runway. Saun was a contestant on the first season of the series Project Runway and she is the costume designer for MTVs hit series Americas Best Dance Crew and the Jabbawockeez Vegas Show MUS. I. C. She created The Cheetah Girls look as the designer for The Cheetah Girls. Saun has appeared as an expert on various shows, including Bravos Launch My Line, Style Networks How Do I Look. Saun’s red-carpet designs propelled her to the final three Project Runway designers who earned the privilege to show at 2005’s New York Olympus Fashion Week, prior to Project Runway, she was costume designer for the UPN series Eve. She was brought in as costume designer to create the new look for Queen Latifah for her talk show, as the costume designer for the Michael Mann/Sony Classics feature, “Baaadass”, directed by Mario Van Peebles, Saun recreated the funky era of the 1970s
35.
The Star Gold Coast
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The Star Gold Coast is a casino and hotel located in the suburb of Broadbeach on the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia. The casino, which was Queenslands first, is situated next to the Nerang River and is operated by Star Entertainment Group and it is connected to the Oasis Shopping Centre via a monorail. It opened in February 1986 as Conrad Jupiters, in 2017 it was rebranded as The Star, Gold Coast. One per cent of the gross gaming revenue is deposited in the Jupiters Casino Community Benefit Fund. This fund was established in 1987, supports non-profit community-based groups and is administered by the Government of Queensland, the hotel, with 592 rooms, stands 66 metres and has 21 floors. The complex is governed under the Jupiters Casino Agreement Act, Jupiters Theatre underwent a $20 million makeover and expansion and re-opened in June,2012. In 2008, Jupiters ceased producing shows in-house and now presents international shows such as Mother Africa, ABBA Revival, Burn The Floor, Dance of Desire, Conrad Jupiters Casino opened on 22 November 1985. It was included in the November 2003 merger of Jupiters with Tabcorp In April 2010 it was rebranded as Jupiters Hotel & Casino, in 2011 it became part of Echo Entertainment Group when Tabcorp listed its casino assets. Jupiters Hotel & Casino made headlines in 1995 when then Brisbane Broncos Rugby League player Julian ONeill urinated on the carpet under a black jack table on two separate occasions. Both Jupiters Hotel & Casino and the Treasury Casino in Brisbane were used for money laundering by welfare recipients on behalf of organised crime syndicates, from May 2006 to November 2007. Between 1993 and 2001, the casino was defrauded of $5.7 million when corrupt casino staff and food suppliers fabricated food orders, in 2009, a court heard that senior management tried to prevent a proper investigation and that the police major fraud squad became involved in 2003. In 2008, security staff at the casino and other venues took part in a trial of head mounted cameras which were worn over the ear. The devices were used to video and audio evidence of incidents. In 2009, Office of Gaming acting executive director Barry Grimes criticised the internal controls. The complex underwent renovations in 2006, $53 million was spent on refurbishment of the casino. The two gaming floors are now one and the size is just over double of what it was, level Two became the brand new Gold Club room. A new restaurant, balconies, and two new bars were included in the renovation, by 2008,442 of the hotel rooms were completely refurbished at the cost of $16 million. The hotel front office and lobby bar were also renovated, in August 2015, work commenced on a $345 million redevelopment of the casino including the construction of a 17 storey tower
36.
Gold Coast, Queensland
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Gold Coast is a coastal city in the Australian state of Queensland, approximately 66 kilometres south-southeast of the state capital Brisbane and immediately north of the border with New South Wales. With a census-estimated 2016 population of 638,090, The Gold Coast is the sixth-largest city in Australia, making it the largest non-capital city, the first settlement in what is now South East Queensland was as a penal colony at Redcliffe. The Gold Coast region remained uninhabited by Europeans until 1823 when explorer John Oxley landed at Mermaid Beach. The hinterlands red cedar supply attracted people to the area in the mid-19th century, later in 1875, Southport was surveyed and established and grew a reputation as a secluded holiday destination for wealthy Brisbane residents. The Gold Coast region grew significantly after the establishment of the Surfers Paradise hotel in the late 1920s and it is also the major film production hub for Queensland. Gold Coast will host the 2018 Commonwealth Games, lieutenant James Cook became the first European to note the region when he sailed along the coast on 16 May 1770 in the HM Bark Endeavour. Captain Matthew Flinders, an explorer charting the continent north from the colony of New South Wales, escaped convicts from the Moreton Bay penal settlement hid in the region. The region remained uninhabited by Europeans until 1823 when explorer John Oxley landed at Mermaid Beach. The hinterlands red cedar supply attracted people to the area in the mid-19th century, a number of small townships developed along coast and in the hinterland. The western suburb of Nerang was surveyed and established as a base for the industry, by 1873, the town reserve of Burleigh Heads had also been surveyed and successful land sales had taken place. Southport quickly grew a reputation as a holiday destination for wealthy Brisbane residents. Gold Coast was originally known as the South Coast, however, inflated prices for real estate and other goods and services led to the nickname of Gold Coast from 1950. South Coast locals initially considered the name Gold Coast derogatory, however, soon the Gold Coast simply became a convenient way to refer to the holiday strip from Southport to Coolangatta. As the tourism grew into the 1950s, local businesses began to adopt the term in their names. The area was proclaimed a city less than one year later, in 2007, Gold Coast overtook the population of Newcastle, New South Wales to become the sixth largest city in Australia and the largest non-capital city. The Gold Coast is approximately covered by forests of various types. This includes small patches of near-pristine ancient rainforest, mangrove-covered islands, of the plantation pine forests that were planted in the 1950s and 1960s, when commercial forest planting for tax minimisation was encouraged by the Commonwealth government, tiny remnants remain. Gold Coast City lies in the southeast corner of Queensland, to the south of Brisbane, the Albert River separates Gold Coast from Logan City, a suburban area of Brisbane
37.
Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
38.
Luxor Las Vegas
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Luxor Las Vegas is a hotel and casino situated on the southern end of the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The 30-story hotel, owned and operated by MGM Resorts International, has a 120, the hotel is named after the city of Luxor in Egypt. Luxor is the sixth-largest hotel in Las Vegas and the ninth-largest in the world, as of 2010, the Luxor has a 4 Key rating from the Green Key Eco-Rating Program, which evaluates sustainable hotel operations. Ground was broken for the Luxor in March 1992 and the resort officially opened at 4 AM on October 13,1993, to a crowd of 10,000 people. When it opened, the pyramid, which cost $375 million to build, was the tallest building on the strip and contained 2,526 rooms, the resort was financed by “petty cash” earned from other Circus Circus Enterprises properties and did not include any outside financial investors. The hotels pyramid is similar in size to the Red Pyramid, a theater and two additional towers totaling 2,000 rooms were added in 1998 for $675 million. The casino also featured King Tut’s Tomb and Museum, a duplicate of King Tutankhamen’s tomb as found in the Valley of the Kings near Luxor, Egypt. On May 7,2007, a vehicle exploded in a Luxor Hotel parking garage due to a pipe bomb which left one dead. Local authorities believe the victim, a 24-year-old employee at Nathans Famous hot dog restaurant in the Luxor food court, was the intended target, the hotel was not evacuated, operations continued uninterrupted, and the parking structure as well as the casino were undamaged. Two men were guilty of the bombing, and in 2010 were sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. Luxor Las Vegas includes 20,000 sq ft of space, four swimming pools and whirlpools, a wedding chapel, Nurture Spa and Salon. The Luxor is home to three shows which consist of Criss Angel - Mindfreak, Fantasy, and comedian Carrot Top. The hotel also began hosting in 2009 “Bodies, The Exhibition, ” an educational display on the human body, from 2000 to 2005, the Luxor Theatre was the home of the performance-art show Blue Man Group, which then moved to the Venetian Las Vegas. Blue Man Group returned to the Luxor Theatre starting November 18,2015, inside the pyramid was an IMAX-Cinema, operating from 1996 to 2008. At time of the opening it was one out of 20 IMAX screens, on August 31,2007, LAX Nightclub officially opened at a party hosted by Britney Spears. A number of celebrities, including Christina Aguilera, have also hosted events at the club. The two-level,26,000 sq ft venue contains 78 VIP tables and Noir Bar, additional nightlife destinations within Luxor include CatHouse, Aurora, Liquidity, and Flight. On a clear night, the Sky Beam is visible up to 275 miles away by aircraft at cruising altitude, each of the 39 lamps is a 7,000 watt Xenotech fixture costing about $1,200
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David Garibaldi (artist)
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David Michael Garibaldi is an American performance painter. His specialty is his Rhythm and Hue stage act in which he creates paintings of notable rock musicians. Garibaldi was born in Los Angeles, California, in July 2006 he was invited to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland, Ohio, where he painted a portrait of Mick Jagger. In September 2008 he was the act for Blue Man Groups tour in Canada. He has also opened for Snoop Dogg, on April 11,2009, he appeared on The 700 Club and painted a portrait of Jesus. On April 20,2012, Garibaldi painted Jeremy Lin during halftime of the New York Knicks game, Garibaldi appeared in the seventh season of Americas Got Talent. He has gone all the way to the finals with his act, David Garibaldi and His CMYKs. Garibaldis work is derivative of the work of artists Denny Dent. On the 17th of February 2017, David was invited by Matthew Patrick to guest star on GTLive on YouTube, David Garibaldi created several paintings which were given to lucky raffle winners watching the stream. Official site Picture of Jeremy Lin Cook, Ashley, artist inspires with music and paint
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MGM Grand Las Vegas
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The MGM Grand Las Vegas is a hotel and casino located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The MGM Grand is the largest single hotel in the United States with 5,124 rooms and it is also the third-largest hotel complex in the world by number of rooms and second-largest hotel resort complex in the United States behind the combined The Venetian and The Palazzo. When it opened in 1993, the MGM Grand was the largest hotel complex in the world, owned and operated by MGM Resorts International, the 30-floor main building is 293 ft high. The property includes five outdoor pools, rivers, and waterfalls that cover 6.6 acres, a 380,000 sq ft convention center, the MGM Grand Garden Arena, and the Grand Spa. Instead, the MGM Grand is linked by pedestrian bridges to its neighboring casinos, to the south across Tropicana Avenue, the Tropicana. The property was originally the site of the Golf Club Motel during the 1960s, in 1972, Tom Wiesner co-founded Southwest Securities Development Company, and later founded Wiesner Investment Company. Southwest planned to renovate the structure and add a 14-story addition with 518 rooms. Fred Harvey Company would serve as the operator of the hotel, its restaurants, Fred Harvey had previously opened hotels in other parts of the United States under the Airport Marina name. Southwest also planned to construct a 28,400 sq ft casino that would operate separately from Fred Harvey, the 700-room Marina, located at 3805 South Las Vegas Boulevard, was built by Wiesner Investment Company and was opened in 1975. Kerkorian saw the Marina as a stable and solidly built resort, and decided not to destroy the hotel, during that time, the Marina was known as the MGM-Marina Hotel. The Marina closed on November 30,1990, and ground was broken for the new hotel complex on October 7,1991. The Marina hotel building still exists as the west wing of the hotel building. When the latest MGM Grand opened on December 18,1993, at that time it had an extensive Wizard of Oz theme, including the green Emerald City color of the building and the decorative use of Wizard of Oz memorabilia. After entering the main entrance, one would find themselves in the Oz Casino facing Emerald City. Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Cowardly Lion were seen in front of the city and it would end at the door of the city, leading inside for a performance of The Wizards Secrets. When MGM Grand began its refurbishment in 1996, the Oz Casino was the first to go. The Emerald City was completely demolished, and the Emerald City Gift Shop was moved to a new shopping section of the casino, the store remained open until early 2003. Originally, the entrance on the Strip was inside the mouth of a giant cartoon-like version of MGMs logo, Leo the Lion
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Extended play
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An extended play is a musical recording that contains more tracks than a single, but is usually unqualified as an album or LP. EPs generally do not contain as many tracks as albums, and are considered less expensive, an EP originally referred to specific types of vinyl records other than 78 rpm standard play and LP, but it is now applied to mid-length CDs and downloads as well. Ricardo Baca of The Denver Post said, EPs—originally extended-play single releases that are shorter than traditional albums—have long been popular with punk, in the United Kingdom, the Official Chart Company defines a boundary between EP and album classification at 25 minutes of length or four tracks. EPs were released in various sizes in different eras, the earliest multi-track records, issued around 1919 by Grey Gull Records, were vertically cut 78 rpm discs known as 2-in-1 records. These had finer than usual grooves, like Edison Disc Records, by 1949, when the 45 rpm single and 33 1⁄3 rpm LP were competing formats, seven-inch 45 rpm singles had a maximum playing time of only about four minutes per side. Partly as an attempt to compete with the LP introduced in 1948 by rival Columbia, RCA Victor introduced Extended Play 45s during 1952. Their narrower grooves, achieved by lowering the levels and sound compression optionally. These were usually 10-inch LPs split onto two seven-inch EPs or 12-inch LPs split onto three seven-inch EPs, either separately or together in gatefold covers. This practice became less common with the advent of triple-speed-available phonographs. Some classical music albums released at the beginning of the LP era were distributed as EP albums—notably the seven operas that Arturo Toscanini conducted on radio between 1944 and 1954. These opera EPs, originally broadcast on the NBC Radio network and manufactured by RCA, in the 1990s, they began appearing on compact discs. During the 1950s, RCA published several EP albums of Walt Disney movies and these usually featured the original casts of actors and actresses. Each album contained two seven-inch records, plus an illustrated booklet containing the text of the recording, so that children could follow along by reading. Some of the titles included Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, and what was then a recent release, because of the popularity of 7 and other formats, SP records became less popular and the production of SPs in Japan was suspended in 1963. In the 1950s and 1960s, EPs were usually compilations of singles or album samplers and were played at 45 rpm on seven-inch discs. Record Retailer printed the first EP chart in 1960, the New Musical Express, Melody Maker, Disc and Music Echo and the Record Mirror continued to list EPs on their respective singles charts. The Beatles Twist and Shout outsold most singles for some weeks in 1963, when the BBC and Record Retailer commissioned the British Market Research Bureau to compile a chart it was restricted to singles and EPs disappeared from the listings. In the Philippines, seven-inch EPs marketed as mini-LPs were introduced in 1970, with tracks selected from an album and this mini-LP format also became popular in America in the early 1970s for promotional releases, and also for use in jukeboxes
