1.
Comic-Con International
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San Diego Comic-Con International is a multi-genre entertainment and comic convention held annually in San Diego, California. The name, as given on its website, is Comic-Con International, San Diego and it is a four-day event held during the summer at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego. On the Wednesday evening prior to the opening of the event, there is a preview for professionals, exhibitors. Comic-Con International also produces two other conventions, WonderCon, held in Los Angeles, and the Alternative Press Expo and it is also the home of the Will Eisner Awards. In 2010, it filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with more than 130,000 attendees, the convention was founded in 1970 by Shel Dorf, Richard Alf, Ken Krueger, Mike Towry, Barry Alfonso, Bob Sourk, and Greg Bear. Detroit, Michigan-born, comics fan Shel Dorf, had, in the mid-1960s, mounted the Detroit Triple-Fan Fairs, one of the first commercial comics-fan conventions. When he moved to San Diego, California, in 1970, he organized a convention on March 21,1970. Dorf went on to be associated with the convention as president or manager, variously, Alf co-chaired the first convention with Krueger and became chairman in 1971. Following the initial gathering, Dorfs first three-day San Diego comics convention, other locations in the conventions early years included the El Cortez Hotel, the University of California, San Diego, and Golden Hall, before being moved to the San Diego Convention Center in 1991. I was quietly walking the floor stunned and in awe of just how much bigger it really was, the convention is organized by a panel of 13 board members,16 to 20 full-time and part-time workers, and 80 volunteers who assist via committees. Comic Con International is an organization, and proceeds of the event go to funding it, as well as the Alternative Press Expo. The convention logo was designed by Richard Bruning and Josh Beatman in 1995, in September 2010, the convention announced that it would stay in San Diego through 2015. In 2015, working with Lionsgate, a channel was created to host Comic-Con related content. According to the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau, the convention has a regional economic impact of $162.8 million. Along with panels, seminars, and workshops with comic book professionals, there are previews of upcoming feature films, like most comic-book conventions, Comic-Con features a large floorspace for exhibitors. These include media companies such as studios and TV networks, as well as comic-book dealers. And like most comics conventions, Comic-Con includes an area, as well as the Artists Alley where comics artists can sign autographs. Despite the name, artists alleys can include writers and even models, academics and comic industry professionals annually hold the Comics Arts Conference at Comic-Con, presenting scholarly studies on comics as a medium
Comic-Con International
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Signs outside Hall H
Comic-Con International
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Comic-Con International: San Diego: Creator
Comic-Con International
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Comic Con crowds in 2011 as seen from a helicopter – Panorama.
Comic-Con International
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Comic-Con crowd inside the second floor of the convention center in 2011 awaiting the exhibition hall to open.
2.
Norfolk
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Norfolk /ˈnɔːrfək/ is a county in East Anglia in England. It borders Lincolnshire to the west and north-west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea and, to the north-west, The Wash. With an area of 2,074 square miles and a population of 859,400, of the countys population, 40% live in four major built up areas, Norwich, Great Yarmouth, Kings Lynn and Thetford. The Broads is a network of rivers and lakes in the east of the county, the area is not a National Park although it is marketed as such. It has similar status to a park, and is protected by the Broads Authority. Norfolk was settled in times, with camps along the higher land in the west. A Brythonic tribe, the Iceni, inhabited the county from the 1st century BC to the end of the 1st century AD, the Iceni revolted against the Roman invasion in AD47, and again in 60 led by Boudica. The crushing of the second opened the county to the Romans. During the Roman era roads and ports were constructed throughout the county, situated on the east coast, Norfolk was vulnerable to invasions from Scandinavia and Northern Europe, and forts were built to defend against the Angles and Saxons. Norfolk, Suffolk and several adjacent areas became the kingdom of East Anglia, the influence of the Early English settlers can be seen in the many place names ending in -ton and -ham. Endings such as -by and -thorpe are also common, indicating Danish place names, in the 9th century the region came under attack. In the centuries before the Norman Conquest the wetlands of the east of the county began to be converted to farmland, and settlements grew in these areas. Migration into East Anglia must have high, by the time of the Domesday Book survey it was one of the most densely populated parts of the British Isles. During the high and late Middle Ages the county developed arable agriculture, the economy was in decline by the time of the Black Death, which dramatically reduced the population in 1349. During the English Civil War Norfolk was largely Parliamentarian, the economy and agriculture of the region declined somewhat. During the Industrial Revolution Norfolk developed little industry except in Norwich which was an addition to the railway network. In the 20th century the county developed a role in aviation, during the Second World War agriculture rapidly intensified, and it has remained very intensive since, with the establishment of large fields for growing cereals and oilseed rape. Norfolks low-lying land and easily eroded cliffs, many of which are chalk and clay, make it vulnerable to the sea, the low-lying section of coast between Kelling and Lowestoft Ness in Suffolk is currently managed by the Environment Agency to protect the Broads from sea flooding
Norfolk
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Wells-next-the-Sea.
Norfolk
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Flag
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River Wensum, Norwich.
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Norwich Cathedral: Spire and south transept.
3.
John Huston
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John Marcellus Huston was an American film director, screenwriter and actor. During his 46-year career, Huston received 15 Oscar nominations, won twice, Huston was known to direct with the vision of an artist, having studied and worked as a fine art painter in Paris in his early years. He continued to explore the aspects of his films throughout his career, sketching each scene on paper beforehand. Most of Hustons films were adaptations of important novels, often depicting a heroic quest, as in Moby Dick, or The Red Badge of Courage. In many films, different groups of people, while struggling toward a goal, would become doomed, forming destructive alliances, giving the films a dramatic. Many of his films involved themes such as religion, meaning, truth, freedom, psychology, colonialism, Huston has been referred to as a titan, a rebel, and a renaissance man in the Hollywood film industry. Author Ian Freer describes him as cinemas Ernest Hemingway—a filmmaker who was never afraid to tackle tough issues head on, John Huston was born on August 5,1906, in Nevada, Missouri. He was the child of Rhea and Canadian-born Walter Huston. His father was an actor, initially in vaudeville, and later in films and his mother initially worked as a sports editor for various publications but gave it up after Huston was born. Similarly, his father gave up his acting career for steady employment as a civil engineer. He would later become successful on both Broadway and then in motion pictures. He had Scottish, Scots-Irish, English and Welsh ancestry, Hustons parents divorced in 1913, when he was 6, and as a result much of his childhood was spent living in boarding schools. During summer vacations, he traveled with each of his parents separately — with his father on vaudeville tours, the young Huston benefited greatly from seeing his father act on stage, as he was later drawn to the world of acting. Some critics, such as Lawrence Grobel, surmise that his relationship with his mother may have been the cause of his five marriages, and why few of his relationships lasted. Grobel wrote, When I interviewed some of the women who had loved him, according to actress Olivia de Havilland, she was the central character. I always felt that John was ridden by witches and he seemed pursued by something destructive. If it wasnt his mother, it was his idea of his mother, as a child he was often ill and was treated for an enlarged heart and kidney ailments. He recovered after an extended stay in Arizona, and moved with his mother to Los Angeles
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Huston in Chinatown, 1974
John Huston
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Humphrey Bogart in The African Queen (1951)
John Huston
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Statue of John Huston,
Puerto Vallarta,
Mexico
John Huston
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with daughter Anjelica, circa 1960
4.
Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley
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George Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley GCVO MC DL, styled Earl of Rocksavage from 1923 until 1968, was a British peer and Lord Great Chamberlain of England between 1968 and 1990. Cholmondeley was born in 1919 in St George Hanover Square, London, a descendant of Sir Robert Walpole and he was the son of George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley and Sybil Sassoon, of the Sassoon and Rothschild family. Like his great-great-grandfather, his great-granduncle, his great-grandfather, his grandfather, his father and his son and he studied at Magdalene College, Cambridge University. Cholmondeley served in the British army, initially in the Grenadier Guards, during the Second World War, he saw action in the Middle East, in Italy, in France and in Germany. In 1943, he was decorated with the Military Cross, when Cholmondeley retired from the military in 1949, he had attained the rank of Major. Cholmondeley succeeded to his fathers land, estates and title in 1968 and he died at Cholmondeley Castle in 1990. Cholmondeley married Lavinia Margaret Leslie, daughter of Colonel John Leslie, the family seats are Houghton Hall, Norfolk, and Cholmondeley Castle, which is surrounded by a 7,500 acres estate near Malpas, Cheshire. One moiety part of the ancient office of Lord Great Chamberlain is a Cholmondeley inheritance, the second, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh holders of the marquessate have all held this office. 1947 – A days march nearer home, OCLC57035942 Debrett, John, Charles Kidd, David Williamson. ISBN 978-0-333-38847-1 Burkes Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 107th Edition, hansard 1803–2005, contributions in Parliament by the Marquess of Cholmondeley Houghton Hall Cholmondeley Castle
Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley
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Houghton Hall, ancestral home of the Marquess of Cholmondeley since the establishment of the title in 1815, has now opened some of its rooms to the public.
Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley
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Lord Cholmondeley's coat of arms
5.
Walter Huston
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Walter Thomas Huston was a Canadian-born American actor and singer. Huston won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, Huston was born in Toronto, Ontario, where he attended Winchester Street Public School. He was the son of Elizabeth and Robert Moore Houghston, a farmer who founded a construction company. He was of Scottish and Irish descent and he had a brother and two sisters, one of whom was the theatrical voice coach Margaret Carrington. His family moved, before his birth, from Orangeville, Ontario where they were farmers, as a young man, he worked in construction and in his spare time attended the Shaw School of Acting. He made his debut in 1902. He went on to tour in In Convict Stripes, a play by Hal Reid, father of Wallace Reid and he again toured in another play The Sign of the Cross. In 1904, he married Rhea Gore and gave up acting to work as a manager of power stations in Nevada. He maintained these jobs until 1909, in 1909, his marriage foundering, he appeared with an older actress named Bayonne Whipple. They were billed as Whipple and Huston and, in 1915, vaudeville was their livelihood into the 1920s. Huston began his Broadway career on January 22,1924 and he appeared in a play, Mr. Pitt. Several more Broadway plays solidified his fame, e. g. Desire Under the Elms, Kongo, The Barker, Elmer the Great, once talkies began in Hollywood, he achieved fame in both character roles and as a leading man. His first major role was portraying the villainous Trampas in the western The Virginian with Gary Cooper and he starred as the title character in the Broadway theatrical adaptation of Sinclair Lewiss novel Dodsworth in 1934 and the plays film version two years later. For his role as Sam Dodsworth, Huston won the New York Critics Circle Award for Best Actor and was nominated for the Academy Award, Huston remained busy throughout the 1930s and 1940s, both on stage and screen. He performed September Song in the original Broadway production of Knickerbocker Holiday in 1938, in 1941, Walter Huston portrayed the part of the ships captain, who is shot while delivering the black bird to Sam Spade in the Maltese Falcon. Walters son, John Huston, directed the picture, John Huston, as a practical joke, had his father enter the scene and die over 10 different takes. In 1948, he played Howard in The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, travens novel, which told the story of three gold diggers in 1920s post-revolution Mexico. In the 1950 release of the entitled, September Affair, starring Joan Fontaine and Joseph Cotten
Walter Huston
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Huston in The Furies (1950)
6.
George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley
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George Horatio Charles Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley GCVO, styled Earl of Rocksavage from birth until 1923, was a British peer. He was the Lord Great Chamberlain of England in 1936 and also between 1952 and 1966, Cholmondeley was a direct descendant of Sir Robert Walpole, the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. He was born in Cholmondeley Castle Malpas, Cheshire, the son of George Cholmondeley, 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley, in the years before he succeeded to his fathers title, he was a well-known tennis and polo player. He was also an authority on penmanship, championing a script which became known as the Cholmondeley Italic, in 1950, he established the Cholmondeley Prize, a handwriting contest between the students of Eton and Harrow. Winchester joined in 1952 and the schools have continued the competition since. Cholmondeley fought in the Second Boer War, serving as a Railway Staff Officer, first with the Royal Sussex Regiment, in 1905, he attained the rank of Lieutenant in the 9th Lancers. He was Aide-de-Camp to the Viceroy of India, and he fought in the First World War, Cholmondeley succeeded to his fathers land, estates and title in 1923, and his inherited title became Marquess of Cholmondeley. In the 1953 Coronation Honours, he was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, the family seats are Houghton Hall, Norfolk, and Cholmondeley Castle, which is surrounded by a 7,500 acres estate near Malpas, Cheshire. The Cholmondeleys bought Wenbans near Wadhurst in Sussex in the mid-1890s, the property was sold around the time of the abdication crisis of 1936 and the accession of George VI. One moiety part of the ancient office of Lord Great Chamberlain is a Cholmondeley inheritance, the second, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh holders of the marquessate have all held this office. The Marquess bore the Royal Standard at the Coronation of King George VI in 1937 and she was heiress to her brother Sir Philip Sassoon. 1953 – A Handlist of the Cholmondeley MSS, OCLC33724661959 – The Houghton Pictures, by kind permission of The Marquess and Marchioness of Cholmondeley, in aid of King Georges Fund for Sailors,6 May –6 June 1959. OCLC222289892 Cholmondeley Award, established by the marchioness in 1966 John Debrett, Charles Kidd, Sassoon, the worlds of Philip and Sybil. Sassoon, The Worlds of Philip and Sybil, hansard 1803–2005, contributions in Parliament by the Marquess of Cholmondeley Houghton Hall Cholmondeley Castle
George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley
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Earl of Rocksavage, circa 1913
George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley
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Houghton Hall, ancestral home of the Marquess of Cholmondeley since the establishment of the title in 1815, has now opened some of its rooms to the public.
George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley
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Visit to
Alfa Romeo by the marquess (third from left), Italo Balbo (fourth),
Lady Cholmondeley (fifth), Prospero Gianferrari (sixth) — circa 1930
7.
Sybil Sassoon, Marchioness of Cholmondeley
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Sybil Rachel Betty Cecile Cholmondeley, Marchioness of Cholmondeley, CBE was Chief Staff Officer to Director WRNS, WRNS HQ, Admiralty from 12 November 1939 until 1946. On 9 February 1945 she was appointed as Supt. of the Womens Royal Naval Service and she belonged to the prominent Sassoon and Rothschild families. Sassoon was born in London, to a Jewish family and she was the daughter of Sir Edward Albert Sassoon, 2nd Bt. and Baroness Aline Caroline de Rothschild Sister of Rt. Sir Philip Sassoon, PC, 3rd Bt, lady Sybils grandson, the current marquess, developed the gardens in honour of his grandmother. In 2008, the garden was named Historic Houses Association and Christies Garden of the Year, in the pool garden, the entwined initials SS are represented in the outlines of the clipped box-hedge which surrounds plantings of lavender and rosemary. Through her son George Hugh Cholmondeley, Sybil is the great-grandmother of actor Jack Huston, stokesley, Burkes Peerage & Gentry,2003. ISBN 978-0-971-19662-9, OCLC52621466 Stansky, Peter, Sassoon, the Worlds of Philip and Sybil
Sybil Sassoon, Marchioness of Cholmondeley
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Sybil Sassoon, Countess of Rocksavage by
John Singer Sargent, oil on canvas, 1913
Sybil Sassoon, Marchioness of Cholmondeley
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Houghton Hall
8.
Anjelica Huston
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Anjelica Huston is an American actress, director and former fashion model. She also received Academy Award nominations for Enemies, a Love Story, Huston received British Academy Award nominations for her work in the Woody Allen films Crimes and Misdemeanors and Manhattan Murder Mystery. She has frequently collaborated with director Wes Anderson, including The Royal Tenenbaums, hustons paternal grandfather was Canadian-born actor Walter Huston. Huston has Scots-Irish, English and Welsh ancestry from her father and she spent much of her childhood in Ireland, particularly near Craughwell, County Galway, and attended school at Kylemore Abbey. Huston has a brother, Tony, a younger maternal half-sister named Allegra, whom she called Legs, a younger paternal half-brother, actor Danny Huston. She is the aunt of Boardwalk Empire actor Jack Huston and she later lived in England, where she attended Holland Park School. In the late 1960s, she began taking a few roles in her fathers movies. In the same year, her mother, who was 39 years old, died in a car accident, while she modeled, she worked with photographers such as Richard Avedon and Bob Richardson. Deciding to focus more on movies, in the early 1980s she studied acting and her first notable role was in Bob Rafelsons remake of The Postman Always Rings Twice. Later, her father cast her as Maerose, daughter of a Mafia don whose love is scorned by a hit man in the adaptation of Richard Condons Mafia-satire novel Prizzis Honor. Huston won the Best Supporting Actress Oscar for her performance, making her the first person in Academy Award history to win an Oscar when a parent and she also earned a Best Actress Oscar nomination for her portrayal of a con artist in Stephen Frears The Grifters. She also starred as the lead in her fathers final directorial film, The Dead and she was then cast as Morticia Addams, in the hugely successful 1991 movie adaptation of The Addams Family. In 1993, she reprised the role for the sequel Addams Family Values and she also starred in the 1998 Hollywood blockbuster, Ever After, A Cinderella Story alongside Drew Barrymore and Melanie Lynskey as the Baroness Rodmilla De Ghent. She starred in two Wes Anderson films, The Royal Tenenbaums and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou, as well as appearing in a role in 2007s The Darjeeling Limited. She voiced the role of Queen Clarion in the Disney Fairies film series starring Tinker Bell, on January 22,2010, Huston was honored on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2011, Huston was in the film Horrid Henry, The Movie, Huston later appeared on the NBC television series, Smash, portraying Broadway producer Eileen Rand. In 2015 and 2016 Huston appeared in the second and third seasons of the Amazon Video series Transparent, Huston has recently expanded her horizons, following in her fathers footsteps in the directors chair. Her first directorial credit was Bastard Out of Carolina, followed by Agnes Browne, for over 20 years, Huston has been developing a film project on Maud Gonne and William Butler Yeats
Anjelica Huston
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Huston at the UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability's An Evening of Environmental Excellence in March 2014
Anjelica Huston
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with father
John Huston, circa 1960
Anjelica Huston
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Huston in 2005.
9.
Danny Huston
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Daniel Sallis Danny Huston is an American actor, writer and director. Huston got his start directing Mr. North starring Anthony Edwards, Robert Mitchum and his half-sister, later, Huston gave his breakthrough acting performance in the independent film Ivans Xtc and was nominated for Best Male Performance at the Independent Spirit Awards in 2003. Huston’s latest film, The Congress, opened the 45th Director’s Fortnight sidebar at the Cannes Film Festival on May 16,2013, Huston co-starred in Tim Burtons film Big Eyes, alongside Christoph Waltz, Amy Adams, Krysten Ritter and Jason Schwartzman. As of 2013, he has appeared in the FX thriller series American Horror Story, portraying The Axeman in American Horror Story, Coven and Massimo Dolcefino in American Horror Story, Huston was born in Rome, Italy. His mother was an actress and author whose ancestry was Indian, Huston was conceived as a result of an affair between his mother and John Huston. His father, John Huston, produced Dannys first feature as a director, Mr. North, in 1995s Leaving Las Vegas, he moved in front of the camera and has since acted in over 20 films. That same year, he directed the film The Maddening and he gave his breakthrough acting performance in the independent film Ivans Xtc. The Bernard Rose feature was nominated for several Independent Spirit Awards in 2003, Huston has worked nonstop as an actor ever since. Soon after Ivans Xtc, he worked on Martin Scorseses The Aviator with Leonardo DiCaprio and Alec Baldwin, in 2006, Huston received the Golden Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as Sandy Woodrow in Fernando Meirelles The Constant Gardener. That year, Huston starred in the critically acclaimed Australian western The Proposition with Guy Pearce, the film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. Huston also starred in the British independent features Alpha Male and Oliver Parker’s Fade to Black, in which he played Orson Welles alongside Christopher Walken and Paz Vega. His other film credits include Birth, Silver City, Marie Antoinette, The Number 23, The Kingdom and he portrayed Samuel Adams in the award-winning HBO miniseries John Adams and also portrayed Colonel William Stryker in X-Men Origins, Wolverine, a prequel for the trilogy. His 2009–10 roles include Boogie Woogie, The Warriors Way, the thriller Edge of Darkness, and he played the famous lawyer Geoffrey Fieger HBOs film You Dont Know Jack. Huston will also feature alongside Nicolas Cage in the Simon West-directed film Medallion, Huston played gangster Ben The Butcher Diamond on Mitch Glazers Magic City on the Starz network from 2012 to 2013. He was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film in 2013, later that year, he portrayed The Axeman in a recurring role on American Horror Story, Coven. His first marriage was in 1989 to Academy Award nominee Virginia Madsen and he married his second wife, Katie Jane Evans, in 2001 and they separated in 2006. Evans took her own life in October 2008 before the divorce was finalized and they had one daughter named Stella. He dated Magic City co-star Olga Kurylenko for approximately a year, Danny Huston at the Internet Movie Database
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Danny Huston (left) with his sister,
Anjelica Huston, at the 62nd Annual Academy Awards in 1990
10.
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley
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He also acts as Lord Great Chamberlain of the United Kingdom, as a ½ part holder of that office. Lord Cholmondeley is a descendant of Sir Robert Walpole, the first Prime Minister of Great Britain and he is the son of Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley, and his wife, the former Lavinia Margaret Leslie. He is also a descendent of both the Rothschild family and the Sassoon family through his grandmother, Sybil Sassoon. He has three sisters, the Ladies Rose, Margot, and Caroline. Like numerous members of his family, Cholmondeley was educated at Eton College and he later took classes at the Sorbonne. As David Rocksavage, he appeared in a small part in Eric Rohmers 1987 film,4 aventures de Reinette et Mirabelle. His professional name is derived from his title of Earl of Rocksavage and his chosen career was put on hold when he succeeded to the marquessate in 1990. In 1995, he directed the adaptation of Truman Capotes novel Other Voices. In 2007, he directed The Wreck, starring Jean Simmons, the film was shot in Norfolk. It was later renamed Shadows in the Sun and was released in 2009, Cholmondeley became Marquess of Cholmondeley on 13 March 1990, upon the death of his father. Cholmondeley does not sit in the House of Lords for debates as he is currently on leave of absence, the family seats are Houghton Hall in Norfolk, and Cholmondeley Castle, which is surrounded by a 7, 500-acre estate near Malpas, Cheshire. According to the Sunday Times Rich List in 2008, Cholmondeley has a net worth of approximately £60m. Houghton Hall, ancestral home of the Marquesses of Cholmondeley since the establishment of the title in 1815, has now opened some of its rooms to the public, in 1974, Cholmondeley was a Page of Honour to the Queen at the age of 14. He relinquished this role upon reaching the age limit of retirement in 1976, one moiety of the ancient office of Lord Great Chamberlain is a Cholmondeley inheritance. The second, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh holders of the marquessate have all held this office, Cholmondeley began acting as the hereditary Lord Great Chamberlain to Her Majesty in 1990. In the Queens Birthday Honours List for 2007, Lord Cholmondeley was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order for his 17 years of service as Lord Great Chamberlain. Lord Cholmondeley married Rose Hanbury, a 25-year-old fashion model turned researcher, on 24 June 2009 and she is a daughter of Tim Hanbury, a website designer, and his fashion designer wife, Emma. Her paternal grandmother is Lady Rose Lambert, daughter of the 10th Earl of Cavan, the announcement that Lady Cholmondeley was expecting twins was revealed by Richard Kay of the Daily Mail and Mandrake of The Daily Telegraph
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley
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Photograph of Lord Cholmondeley at the Palace of Westminster in 1992
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley
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Houghton Hall, Norfolk
11.
HBO
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Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
HBO
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The RCA Satcom domestic communication satellite launched on December 13, 1975, spurred the
cable television industry to unprecedented heights – with the assistance of HBO.
HBO
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Filmmaker
Alexandra Pelosi and former
New Jersey Governor Jim McGreevey at the New York City premiere of Pelosi's HBO documentary about McGreevey,
Fall to Grace, in March 2013.
HBO
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Example of Festival's monthly guide provided to subscribers (January 1988).
12.
Boardwalk Empire
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Boardwalk Empire is an American period crime drama television series created by Terence Winter and airing on premium cable channel HBO. The series is set in Atlantic City, New Jersey during the Prohibition era, the pilot episode was directed by Martin Scorsese and produced at a cost of $18 million. On September 1,2009, HBO picked up the series for an additional 11 episodes, the series premiered on September 19,2010, and completed its five-season run on October 26,2014. Boardwalk Empire received widespread acclaim, particularly for its visual style and basis on historical figures. The series received 57 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including two for Outstanding Drama Series, winning 20. The series also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama in 2011, Nucky acts with historical characters in both his personal and political life, including mobsters, politicians, government agents, and the common folk who look up to him. The final season jumps ahead seven years, to 1931, as Prohibition nears its end, Steve Buscemi as Enoch Nucky Thompson – the corrupt treasurer of Atlantic County and its most powerful political figure. Based on Atlantic City political boss Enoch L. Johnson, Michael Pitt as James Jimmy Darmody – Nuckys onetime protegé, an honor student who left Princeton to serve in World War I, works briefly for Nucky before striking out on his own into organized crime. Kelly Macdonald as Margaret Thompson – a young widow and mother, she turns to Nucky and becomes his mistress, Michael Shannon as Nelson Van Alden / George Mueller – a former Prohibition Agent on the run. Under the alias George Mueller, he is a bootlegger in the Chicago area working as the muscle for Dean OBanions organization, shea Whigham as Elias Eli Thompson – Nuckys younger brother and former sheriff of Atlantic County. Now works as part of Nuckys organization, aleksa Palladino as Angela Darmody – Jimmys wife and the mother of his young son. Michael Stuhlbarg as Arnold Rothstein – a powerful New York gangster who does business with Nucky, charlie Luciano, Meyer Lansky and Benjamin Siegel work for him. Stephen Graham as Al Capone – a violent Chicago gangster who is the man of Chicago crime boss Johnny Torrio. Vincent Piazza as Charles Lucky Luciano – a New York gangster, paz de la Huerta as Lucy Danziger – Nuckys former mistress. Michael Kenneth Williams as Albert Chalky White – a powerful African-American gangster in Atlantic City, anthony Laciura as Edward Anselm Eddie Kessler – Nuckys loyal butler. Paul Sparks as Mieczyslaw Mickey Doyle Kuzik – an Atlantic City bootlegger, dabney Coleman as Commodore Louis Kaestner – Nuckys mentor and predecessor in Atlantic City, Jimmys father. John Ellison Conlee portrays a young Commodore in the season 5 flashbacks, jack Huston as Richard Harrow – a former Army marksman who allies with Jimmy. Disfigured in the war, he wears a tin mask over half of his face, gretchen Mol as Gillian Darmody – Jimmys mother and Nuckys longtime friend
Boardwalk Empire
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IRT LoV car 5443 advertising Boardwalk Empire' s second season
Boardwalk Empire
–
Boardwalk Empire
13.
American Hustle
–
American Hustle is a 2013 American black comedy-crime film directed by David O. Russell. It was written by Eric Warren Singer and Russell, inspired by the FBI ABSCAM operation of the late 1970s and early 1980s. It stars Christian Bale and Amy Adams as two con artists who are forced by an FBI agent to set up a sting operation on corrupt politicians, including the mayor of Camden. Jennifer Lawrence plays the wife of Bales character. Principal photography on the film began on March 8,2013, in Boston and Worcester, Massachusetts, American Hustle had its nationwide release in the United States on December 13,2013. It opened to acclaim from critics, who praised its writing. In 1978, con artists Irving Rosenfeld and Sydney Prosser have started a relationship and are working together, Sydney has improved Rosenfelds scams, posing as English aristocrat Lady Edith Greensly. Irving loves Sydney, though is hesitant to leave his unstable and histrionic wife Rosalyn, fearing he will contact with her son Danny. Rosalyn has also threatened to report Irving to the police if he leaves her, FBI agent Richie DiMaso catches Irving and Sydney in a loan scam, but offers to release them if Irving can line up four additional arrests. Richie believes Sydney is English but has proof that her claim of aristocracy is fraudulent, Sydney tells Irving she will manipulate Richie, distancing herself from Irving. Irving has a friend pretending to be a wealthy Arab sheikh looking for investments in America. Carmine seems to have a desire to help the areas economy. Richie devises a plan to make mayor Polito the target of an operation, despite the objections of Irving and of Richies boss. Sydney helps Richie manipulate an FBI secretary into making a wire transfer of $2,000,000. When Stoddards boss, Anthony Amado, hears of the operation, he praises Richies initiative, Carmine leaves their meeting when Richie presses him to accept a cash bribe. Irving convinces Carmine the sheikh is legitimate, expressing his dislike of Richie, Richie arranges for Carmine to meet the sheikh, and without consulting the others, has Mexican-American FBI agent Paco Hernandez play the sheikh, which displeases Irving. Carmine brings the sheikh to a party, explaining mobsters are there. Irving is surprised to hear that Mafia overlord Victor Tellegio, right-hand man to Meyer Lansky, is present, Mafia man Tellegio explains that the business needs the sheikh to become an American citizen and that Carmine will need to expedite the process
American Hustle
–
Theatrical release poster
American Hustle
–
Star
Bradley Cooper in Paris at the film's French premiere, February 2014.
American Hustle
–
American Hustle is Russell's highest grossing film
14.
Peter Pan
–
Peter Pan is a character created by Scottish novelist and playwright J. M. Barrie. In addition to two works by Barrie, the character has been featured in a variety of media and merchandise. These include a 1953 animated film, a 2003 dramatic/live-action film, a TV series and many other works. J. M. Barrie first used Peter Pan as a character in a section of The Little White Bird, an adult novel where he appears as a seven-day-old baby in the chapter entitled Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens. He returned to the character of Peter Pan as the centre of his play entitled Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldnt Grow Up. Barrie later adapted and expanded the story line as a novel, published in 1911 as Peter. Barrie never described Peters appearance in detail, even in his novel, leaving it to the imagination of the reader, in the play, Peters outfit is made of autumn leaves and cobwebs. His name and playing the flute or pipes suggest the mythological character Pan, Barrie mentions in Peter and Wendy that Peter Pan still had all his first teeth. He describes him as a boy with a beautiful smile, clad in skeleton leaves. Traditionally, the character has been played on stage by an adult woman. In the original productions in the UK, Peter Pans costume was a tunic and dark green tights. This costume is exhibited in Barries Birthplace, the similar costume worn by Pauline Chase is displayed in the Museum of London. Early editions of adaptations of the story also depict a red costume but a green costume becomes more usual from the 1920s, and more so later after the release of Disneys animated movie. In the Disney films, Peter wears an outfit consists of a short-sleeved green tunic and tights apparently made of cloth. He has pointed ears, brown eyes and his hair is red. In Hook, the character is played as an adult by Robin Williams, with eyes and dark brown hair, in flashbacks to him in his youth. In this film his ears appear pointed only when he is Peter Pan and his Pan attire resembles the Disney outfit. In the live-action 2003 Peter Pan film, he is portrayed by Jeremy Sumpter and his outfit is made of leaves and vines
Peter Pan
–
Illustration of Peter Pan playing the pipes, by
F. D. Bedford from Peter and Wendy (1911)
Peter Pan
–
Cover of 1915 edition of
J. M. Barrie 's novel, first published in 1911, illustrated by F. D. Bedford
Peter Pan
–
Statue of Peter Pan in
Kensington Gardens,
London, England
Peter Pan
–
Statue in
Brussels, Belgium
15.
Robert Walpole
–
Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, KG, KB, PC, known before 1742 as Sir Robert Walpole, was a British statesman who is generally regarded as the de facto first Prime Minister of Great Britain. Although the exact dates of his dominance are a matter of scholarly debate and he dominated the Walpole–Townshend ministry and the Walpole ministry and holds the record as the longest-serving Prime Minister in British history. Speck says that Walpoles uninterrupted run of 20 years as Prime Minister is rightly regarded as one of the feats of British political history. He was a Whig from the class, who was first elected to Parliament in 1701. He was a squire and looked to country gentlemen for his political base. Hoppit says Walpoles policies sought moderation, he worked for peace, lower taxes, growing exports and he avoided controversy and high-intensity disputes, as his middle way attracted moderates from both the Whig and Tory camps. Dickinson sums up his role, Walpole was one of the greatest politicians in British history. He played a significant role in sustaining the Whig party, safeguarding the Hanoverian succession and he established a stable political supremacy for the Whig party and taught succeeding ministers how best to establish an effective working relationship between Crown and Parliament. Walpole was born in Houghton, Norfolk, in 1676, Horatio Walpole, 1st Baron Walpole was his younger brother. As a child, Walpole attended a school at Massingham. Walpole entered Eton College in 1690 where he was considered an excellent scholar and he left Eton on 2 April 1696 and matriculated at Kings College, Cambridge on the same day. On 25 May 1698 he left Cambridge after the death of his only remaining brother, Edward. Walpole had planned to become a clergyman but as he was now the eldest surviving son in the family, in November 1700 his father died, and Walpole succeeded to the estate. A paper in his fathers handwriting, dated 9 June 1700, shows the estate in Norfolk and Suffolk to have been nine manors in Norfolk. As a young man, Walpole had bought shares in the South Sea Company, which monopolized trade with Spain, the speculative market for slaves, rum and mahogany spawned a frenzy that had ramifications throughout Europe when it collapsed. However, Walpole had bought at the bottom and sold at the top, adding greatly to his inherited wealth, Walpoles political career began in January 1701 when he won a seat in the general election at Castle Rising. He left Castle Rising in 1702 so that he could represent the borough of Kings Lynn. Like his father, Robert Walpole was a member of the Whig Party, in 1705, Walpole was appointed by Queen Anne to be a member of the council for her husband, Prince George of Denmark, Lord High Admiral
Robert Walpole
–
The Right Honourable The Earl of Orford
KG KB PC
Robert Walpole
–
Armorial of Walpole: Or, on a fesse between two chevrons sable three crosses crosslet of the field
Robert Walpole
–
Sir Robert Walpole
Robert Walpole
–
1740 political cartoon depicting Walpole as the
Colossus of Rhodes, alluding to his reluctance to engage Spain and France militarily
16.
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
–
The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of Her Majestys Government in the United Kingdom. The prime minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to Parliament, to their political party, the office is one of the Great Offices of State. The current prime minister, Theresa May, leader of the Conservative Party, was appointed by the Queen on 13 July 2016. The position of Prime Minister was not created, it evolved slowly and erratically over three hundred years due to acts of Parliament, political developments, and accidents of history. The office is therefore best understood from a historical perspective, the origins of the position are found in constitutional changes that occurred during the Revolutionary Settlement and the resulting shift of political power from the Sovereign to Parliament. The political position of Prime Minister was enhanced by the development of political parties, the introduction of mass communication. By the start of the 20th century the modern premiership had emerged, prior to 1902, the prime minister sometimes came from the House of Lords, provided that his government could form a majority in the Commons. However as the power of the aristocracy waned during the 19th century the convention developed that the Prime Minister should always sit in the lower house. As leader of the House of Commons, the Prime Ministers authority was further enhanced by the Parliament Act of 1911 which marginalised the influence of the House of Lords in the law-making process. The Prime Minister is ex officio also First Lord of the Treasury, certain privileges, such as residency of 10 Downing Street, are accorded to Prime Ministers by virtue of their position as First Lord of the Treasury. As the Head of Her Majestys Government the modern Prime Minister leads the Cabinet, in addition the Prime Minister leads a major political party and generally commands a majority in the House of Commons. As such the incumbent wields both legislative and executive powers, under the British system there is a unity of powers rather than separation. In the House of Commons, the Prime Minister guides the process with the goal of enacting the legislative agenda of their political party. The Prime Minister also acts as the face and voice of Her Majestys Government. The British system of government is based on an uncodified constitution, in 1928, Prime Minister H. H. Asquith described this characteristic of the British constitution in his memoirs, In this country we live. Our constitutional practices do not derive their validity and sanction from any Bill which has received the assent of the King, Lords. They rest on usage, custom, convention, often of slow growth in their early stages, not always uniform, the relationships between the Prime Minister and the Sovereign, Parliament and Cabinet are defined largely by these unwritten conventions of the constitution. Many of the Prime Ministers executive and legislative powers are actually royal prerogatives which are still vested in the Sovereign
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
–
Incumbent
David Cameron since 11 May 2010
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
–
Arms of
Her Majesty's Government
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
–
Late in the 17th century Treasury Ministers began to attend the Commons regularly. They were given a reserved place, called the Treasury Bench, to the Speaker's right where the Prime Minister and senior Cabinet members sit today
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
–
Portrait of Sir
Robert Walpole, studio of
Jean-Baptiste van Loo, 1740. Walpole is considered to have been Britain's first Prime Minister.
17.
UK
–
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
UK
–
Stonehenge, in
Wiltshire, was erected around 2500 BC.
UK
–
Flag
UK
–
The
Bayeux Tapestry depicts the
Battle of Hastings, 1066, and the events leading to it.
UK
–
The
Treaty of Union led to a single united kingdom encompassing all Great Britain.
18.
Jewish
–
The Jews, also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Israelites, or Hebrews, of the Ancient Near East. Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, the Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel, associated with the god El, somewhere in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE. The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold with the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as Hebrews. The worldwide Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million prior to World War II, but approximately 6 million Jews were systematically murdered during the Holocaust. Since then the population has risen again, and as of 2015 was estimated at 14.3 million by the Berman Jewish DataBank. According to the report, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel and these numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure, Israel is the only country where Jews form a majority of the population. The modern State of Israel was established as a Jewish state and defines itself as such in its Declaration of Independence and its Law of Return grants the right of citizenship to any Jew who requests it. The English word Jew continues Middle English Gyw, Iewe, according to the Hebrew Bible, the name of both the tribe and kingdom derive from Judah, the fourth son of Jacob. The Hebrew word for Jew, יְהוּדִי ISO 259-3 Yhudi, is pronounced, with the stress on the syllable, in Israeli Hebrew. The Ladino name is ג׳ודיו, Djudio, ג׳ודיוס, Djudios, Yiddish, ייִד Yid, ייִדן, Yidn. The etymological equivalent is in use in languages, e. g. but derivations of the word Hebrew are also in use to describe a Jew, e. g. in Italian. The German word Jude is pronounced, the corresponding adjective jüdisch is the origin of the word Yiddish, in such contexts Jewish is the only acceptable possibility. Some people, however, have become so wary of this construction that they have extended the stigma to any use of Jew as a noun, a factual reconstruction for the origin of the Jews is a difficult and complex endeavor. It requires examining at least 3,000 years of ancient human history using documents in vast quantities, as archaeological discovery relies upon researchers and scholars from diverse disciplines, the goal is to interpret all of the factual data, focusing on the most consistent theory. In this case, it is complicated by long standing politics and religious, Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacobs son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself. The patriarchs descendants were later enslaved until the Exodus led by Moses, traditionally dated to the 13th century BCE, Modern archaeology has largely discarded the historicity of the Patriarchs and of the Exodus story, with it being reframed as constituting the Israelites inspiring national myth narrative. The growth of Yahweh-centric belief, along with a number of practices, gradually gave rise to a distinct Israelite ethnic group
Jewish
–
Baruch Spinoza
Jewish
–
David Ben-Gurion
Jewish
–
George Gershwin
Jewish
–
Map of
Canaan
19.
David Sassoon
–
For the British fashion designer see David Sassoon. David Sassoon was the treasurer of Baghdad between 1817 and 1829 and he became the leader of the Jewish community in Bombay after Baghdadi Jews emigrated there. He was a trader of cotton and opium in China. Sassoon was born in Baghdad, where his father, Saleh Sassoon, was a businessman, chief treasurer to the pashas from 1781 to 1817. After a traditional education in the Hebrew language, Sassoon married Hannah in 1818 and they had two sons and two daughters before she died in 1826. Two years later he married Farha Hyeem, the pair had six sons and three daughters. Following increasing persecution of Baghdads Jews by Dawud Pasha, the moved to Bombay via Persia. His major competitors were Parsis, whose profits were built on their domination of the Sino-Indian opium trade since the 1820s and he sent his son Elias David Sassoon to Canton, where he was the first Jewish trader. In 1845, David Sassoon & Co. opened an office in what would soon become Shanghais British concession, and it became the firms second hub of operations. In 1844, he set up a branch in Hong Kong, and it was not until the 1860s that the Sassoons were able to lead the Baghdadi Jewish community in overtaking Parsi dominance. A particular opportunity was given by the American Civil War, during which turmoil American cotton exports from the South declined, lancashire factories replaced American cotton imports with Sassoons Indian cotton. Along with Parsi businessmen such as Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy, David Sassoon continued the trade with China and his first mill was named E. D. Sassoon Mills and he became exceedingly prosperous, later the Sassoons were the largest mill owners and were known as Badshah of the business community of Bombay. Overall there were 17 mills, each mill having around 15,000 to 20,000 workers, later, David Sassoon also entered the cotton, fabrics and various other industries on a large scale. David Sassoon, as an Orthodox Jew, continued his Jewish religious observances and he was also a member of the Legislative Assembly of the time. He built one of the largest and most beautiful synagogues of India and he also built the Ohel David Synagogue of Pune. Today these are well known tourist attractions and form an important part of the heritage of India. Various charity trusts, which continue in existence today, were funded from his income and named after him
David Sassoon
–
David Sassoon
David Sassoon
–
David Sassoon (seated) and his sons
Elias David,
Albert (Abdallah) &
Sassoon David.
David Sassoon
–
Tomb of David Sassoon, Lal Deval, Moledina Rd,
Pune, India
David Sassoon
–
Sassoon Hospital, Pune in 1860s
20.
Mayer Amschel Rothschild
–
Mayer Amschel Rothschild, written also Anschel, was a German Jewish banker and the founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty. Referred to as the father of international finance, Rothschild was ranked seventh on the Forbes magazine list of The Twenty Most Influential Businessmen of All Time in 2005. Amschels father had a business in goods-trading and currency exchange and he was a personal supplier of coins to the Prince of Hesse. The family home above the shop had a front wall only 11 feet wide, with the help of relatives, Rothschild secured an apprenticeship under Jacob Wolf Oppenheimer, at the banking firm of Simon Wolf Oppenheimer in Hanover, in 1757. The grandson of Samuel Oppenheimer taught Rothschild useful knowledge in trade and currency exchange. He became a dealer in rare coins and won the patronage of Crown Prince Wilhelm of Hesse, business expanded rapidly following the French Revolution when Rothschild handled payments from Britain for the hire of Hessian mercenaries. In 1806, Napoleon invaded Hesse in response to Wilhelms support for Prussia, the Landgrave went into exile in the Duchy of Holstein, but Rothschild was able to continue as his banker, investing funds in London. He also profited from importing goods in circumvention of Napoleons continental blockade, in 1798, third-born son Nathan Mayer Rothschild was sent to England to further the family interests in textile importing with £20,000 capital —the first foreign branch. Nathan became a citizen in 1804 and established a bank in the City of London. In 1810, Mayer entered into a partnership agreement with his three eldest sons. The youngest son Jacob was sent to Paris in 1811, enhancing the ability to operate across Europe. This enabled them to profit from the opportunity of financing Wellingtons armies in Portugal, Rothschild died on 19 September 1812 in Frankfurt am Main. He was buried at the old Jewish cemetery in Frankfurt, located next to the Judengasse, a park was named after him, and also a street. In 1817 he was ennobled by the emperor Francis I of Austria. His descendants furthered the family fortune across Europe—the five arrows of banking, eldest son Amschel Mayer took over the Frankfurt bank and Salomon moved to Vienna. Nathan turned the London branch into one of Europes most powerful banking institutions, Calmann set up a branch in Naples and Jacob opened de Rothschild Frères, founder, Meyer Amschel Rothschild and His Time. Meyer Amschel Rothschild, der Gründer des Rothschildschen Bankhauses
Mayer Amschel Rothschild
–
Mayer Amschel Rothschild
Mayer Amschel Rothschild
–
Rothschild family home in the
Frankfurter Judengasse.
Mayer Amschel Rothschild
–
Grave stone of Mayer Amschel Rothschild
21.
Rothschild family
–
During the 19th century, the Rothschild family possessed the largest private fortune in the world, as well as the largest private fortune in modern world history. The Rothschild family has frequently been the subject of conspiracy theories, the first member of the family who was known to use the name Rothschild was Izaak Elchanan Rothschild, born in 1577. The name is derived from the German zum rothen Schild, meaning with the red sign, the familys ascent to international prominence began in 1744, with the birth of Mayer Amschel Rothschild in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. He was the son of Amschel Moses Rothschild, a money changer who had traded with the Prince of Hesse, the family motto appears below the shield, Concordia, Integritas, Industria. Paul Johnson writes he Rothschilds are elusive, there is no book about them that is both revealing and accurate. Libraries of nonsense have been written about them, a woman who planned to write a book entitled Lies about the Rothschilds abandoned it, saying, ‘It was relatively easy to spot the lies, but it proved impossible to find out the truth. Their assets were held in financial instruments, circulating through the world as stocks, bonds, changes made by the Rothschilds allowed them to insulate their property from local violence, Henceforth their real wealth was beyond the reach of the mob, almost beyond the reach of greedy monarchs. Another essential part of Mayer Rothschilds strategy for success was to control of their banks in family hands. By this means, Jewish financiers obtained a share of international finance during the middle. The head of the group was the Rothschild family. It also states, Of more recent years, non-Jewish financiers have learned the same method, and, on the whole. Mayer Rothschild successfully kept the fortune in the family with carefully arranged marriages, by the late 19th century, however, almost all Rothschilds had started to marry outside the family, usually into the aristocracy or other financial dynasties. The surname Rothschild is rare in Germany, the German surname Rothschild is not related to the Protestant surname Rothchilds from the United Kingdom. Another line, of the British branch of the family, was elevated by Queen Victoria, research conducted by GreatGameIndia Magazine has revealed that the Rothschild family was one of the controller families of the East India Company. The Rothschilds already possessed a significant fortune before the start of the Napoleonic Wars, in 1815 alone, the Rothschilds provided £9.8 million in subsidy loans to Britains continental allies. The brothers helped coordinate Rothschild activities across the continent, and the family developed a network of agents, in one instance, the family network enabled Nathan to receive in London the news of Wellingtons victory at the Battle of Waterloo a full day ahead of the governments official messengers. It was then repeated in popular accounts, such as that of Morton. The basis for the Rothschilds most famously profitable move was made after the news of British victory had made public
Rothschild family
–
A Rothschild house,
Waddesdon Manor in
Waddesdon, Buckinghamshire, England donated to the National Trust by the family in 1957.
Rothschild family
–
Great coat of arms granted to the members of the Rothschild family by Emperor Francis I of Austria
Rothschild family
–
A house formerly belonging to the Viennese branch of the family (Schillersdorf Palace).
Rothschild family
–
Schloss Hinterleiten, one of the many palaces built by the Austrian Rothschild dynasty. Donated to charity by the family in 1905.
22.
Spartacus (2004 film)
–
Spartacus is a 2004 North American miniseries directed by Robert Dornhelm and produced by Ted Kurdyla from a teleplay by Robert Schenkkan. It aired over two nights on the USA Network, and stars Goran Visnjic, Alan Bates, Angus Macfadyen, Rhona Mitra, Ian McNeice, Ross Kemp and it is based on the novel of the same name by Howard Fast. The plot, setting, and costumes are identical to those of the Stanley Kubrick 1960 version, however. The miniseries is shown as a story a woman narrates to her son, a notable piece of dramatic license has Spartacus son born exactly at the moment Spartacus dies in battle. As Marcus Crassus and Pompey Magnus are being proclaimed co-consuls, the announcer calls Rome an Empire, the movie starts with Varinia, a Gaul woman and her village being attacked by the Romans. Her entire village is taken into slavery, and she is sold to Lentulus Batiatus, Spartacus, a Thracian slave condemned to the mines, attempts to protect another slave. Spartacus is nearly crucified before Batiatus purchases the man, Spartacus and a handful of other slaves are brought to Batiatus ludus to be trained as gladiators
Spartacus (2004 film)
–
UK Region 2 DVD cover
23.
Factory Girl (film)
–
Factory Girl is a 2006 American biographical film directed by George Hickenlooper. It is based on the rise and fall of 1960s underground film star and socialite, Edie Sedgwick. The film premiered in Los Angeles on December 29,2006 to largely negative reviews from critics, Edie Sedgwick is a young heiress studying art in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She moves to New York City, where she is introduced to pop art painter and film-maker Andy Warhol, intrigued by the beautiful socialite, he asks her to perform in one of his underground movies. Soon she is spending time with him at the Factory, his studio and also the hangout of a group of eccentrics and her status as Warhol superstar and success as a fashion model earn her popularity and international attention. Her Cambridge friend Syd introduces her to poet and singer Billy Quinn, Andy becomes jealous, so Edie tries but fails to keep her love affair with Billy a secret. To reconcile them, she arranges a meeting, although he agrees to be filmed by Andy, when Billy visits the studio he shows his contempt. As he is leaving, she once more to make peace. Seeing that she stay, he kisses her forehead. As addiction takes its toll, Edies relationship with Andy deteriorates, One night while in a drug-induced stupor, she falls asleep while smoking a cigarette and nearly dies in the ensuing fire. Vogue refuses to hire her, editor Diana Vreeland explaining that Edie is considered vulgar, interrupting a luncheon of Andy and his friends, she demands to be paid and accuses him of ruining her. When Syd sees her again, she has become a prostitute, in a taxi, he shows Edie, who is very depressed, a photo of herself when they were art students. He says that he fell in love with her then, and she says that she cannot bear her loneliness but interrupts him, asking the driver, Can we go. When the driver says that they are stuck in a jam, she leaves the cab. The scene changes to a hospital, years in the future and she tells an interviewer that she is overcoming her addiction and is glad to be home in Santa Barbara. The closing caption explain the last few years, her struggle to control abuse and her marriage to another patient. He told the New York Daily News, I read that script and its one of the most disgusting, foul things Ive seen – by any illiterate retard – in a long time. Theres no limit to how low some people go to write something to make money
Factory Girl (film)
–
Factory Girl
24.
Gerard Malanga
–
Gerard Joseph Malanga is an American poet, photographer, filmmaker, curator and archivist. Malanga was born in the Bronx in 1943, the child of Italian immigrant parents. In 1959, at the beginning of his year at the School of Industrial Art in Manhattan, Malanga became a regular on Alan Freeds The Big Beat. He graduated from school with a major in Advertising Design. He was introduced to poetry by his senior class English teacher, poet Daisy Aldan and he enrolled at the University of Cincinnatis College of Art & Design, and was mentored by the poet, Richard Eberhart who was the universitys resident poet for 1961. He dropped out at the end of the Spring semester, in the fall of 1961, Malanga was admitted to Wagner College in Staten Island on a fellowship anonymously donated for the express purpose of advancing his creative abilities as a poet and artist. At Wagner he befriended one of his English professors, Willard Maas, and his wife Marie Menken, in June 1963, he went to work for Andy Warhol as a summer job that lasted seven years, as he likes to put it. Malanga dropped out of Wagner College in 1964, freeing him up to work for Warhol full-time, Gerard Malanga worked closely for Andy Warhol during Warhols most creative period, from 1963 to 1970. A February 17,1992 article in The New York Times referred to him as Andy Warhols most important associate, Malanga was involved in all phases of Warhols creative output in silkscreen painting and filmmaking. Malanga played a combination of Lee Harvey Oswald and Jack Ruby in Warhols film Since, also in 1966, he choreographed the music of the Velvet Underground for Warhols multimedia presentation, The Exploding Plastic Inevitable. In 1969, Malanga was one of the editors, along with Warhol and John Wilcock. In December 1970, Malanga left Warhols studio to pursue his work in photography, Malanga and Warhol collaborated on the nearly five-hundred individual 3-minute Screen Tests, which resulted in a selection for a book of the same name, published by Kulchur Press, in 1967. It should be noted that neither Warhol or Malanga were photographers at the time, thus, by virtue of their collaboration with the motion picture medium, creating in what amounted to post-photographs, they became professional photographers. Gerard Malanga has always sought someone who was photographed or placed in situations. All in all, he has photographed and archived hundreds of poets and artists over the years and he is also a photographer of a number of firsts, including Herbert Gericke, the last farmer of Staten Island, and Jack Kerouacs typewritten roll for On the Road. During the course of his years working with Warhol and after, Malanga shot and his personal archive contains still and motion-picture records of life at The Factory. Now and again a poet is found who is a complex of many capabilities and patterns, all relating, I have marveled for years at Gerard Malangas articulate endurance as a poet—and also as a photographer of singular power. He has moved with deftness and great authority in the worlds of art and pop
Gerard Malanga
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Malanga with his cat, Archie, in 2005. Photograph by Asako Kitaori
25.
Shrooms (film)
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Shrooms is a 2007 horror film about a group of American students and their Irish guide who are stalked by a serial killer while out in the woods looking for psilocybin mushrooms. The film was written by Pearse Elliott directed by Paddy Breathnach, and stars Lindsey Haun, Jack Huston, American student Tara and her college friends visit Ireland to meet with local resident and friend Jake, and go camping in woodlands surrounding a long-disused childrens home. Overhearing this causes Tara to have premonitions of the murders of her friends one by one, the following morning, unconcerned by Blutos disappearance – the others consume the mushroom tea, only to become separated from one another in the woods whilst under its effects. Jake and Troy locate Tara on the inside of the bank of a river, upon investigating the property, Troy is apparently killed by the monk, and Jake makes good his escape by leaping from a high window, breaking his leg as he lands. Tara finds him and the two flee the haunted scene, then, whilst resting his leg, he is murdered. Tara awakes as a Garda helicopter hovers over the camp, and is dispatched into an ambulance as the sole survivor, as her mobile phone rings, she experiences a rapid flashback and realizes that the hallucinogenic deathcap mushroom caused her to murder all of her friends. She asks the paramedic for help, everything becomes quiet until we see her bloody hands holding a pair of bloody scissors which suggests that she has killed the paramedic. The film ends with Tara running in the woods, when Shrooms was released, it opened to generally negative reviews. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives it a rating of 24% based on reviews from 17 critics, derek Elly of Variety described it as A shake-n-bake slasher movie that shows just how difficult it is to do effective, modestly budgeted horror. List of films featuring hallucinogens Shrooms at the Internet Movie Database Paddy Breathnach interview on Shrooms Interview with Pearse Elliot on Shrooms
Shrooms (film)
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Theatrical release poster
26.
Outlander (film)
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Outlander is a 2008 American science fiction action film directed by Howard McCain and starring James Caviezel. The plot is based on Beowulf, adapted to a science-fiction backstory involving a spaceship crashing in Iron Age Norway. The film was a failure, grossing USD $7 million compared to a budget estimated at $47 million. A spacecraft crashes in a lake in Vendel-era Scandinavia, the only surviving occupant – a human – retrieves a distress beacon and a computer which explains that he is on Earth, a seed colony that his people have abandoned. The computer downloads the local Norse language and culture directly into his brain, the spaceman soon finds a freshly destroyed village, where he is captured by Wulfric, a warrior from another village. Wulfric takes him to the village of King Rothgar, father of Freya. Rothgar is concerned that Gunnar, chieftain of the village, will assume it was Wulfrics doing. Wulfric interrogates the outlander, who himself as Kainan, claiming he is from the north. The village is attacked that night by a creature, which kills several men. Kainan tells them it is a Moorwen, a creature which caused his ship to crash and now will hunt men. When Kainan is taken with a party to find the Moorwen. The warriors now treat Kainan as part of their tribe, Gunnar and his men attack the settlement, retreating after casualties on both sides. They soon return, pursued by the Moorwen, and enter the safety of the village, Kainan devises a plan to build a huge pit just inside the village entrance, fill it with whale oil and leave wooden shields floating on the surface. Freya becomes increasingly attracted to Kainan and he explains to her the Moorwens origin—Kainans people invaded its land, slaughtered it in the billions and built a colony there. This Moorwen, now the last of its kind, massacred everyone in the colony, including Kainans wife, when his ship returned to the colony, the Moorwen snuck onboard and later caused the crash. After listening to Kainans tale, Freya gives him a family sword, Kainan and Wulfric lure the Moorwen to the village. They cross the oil pit by running on the shields, but the Moorwen falls into the pit, the Moorwen bursts out, kills several people, then escapes. Meanwhile, an offspring of the Moorwen sneaks into the hall where the women and children are hiding, Eric, the orphaned boy that Kainan has begun looking after, alerts Rothgar, who is killed as the women and children escape
Outlander (film)
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Promotional release poster
Outlander (film)
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Characters
27.
Shrink (film)
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Shrink is a 2009 American independent comedy-drama film about a psychiatrist who treats members of the entertainment industry in Los Angeles, California. It was directed by Jonas Pate, written by Thomas Moffett, the film premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival and includes music by Jackson Browne. In Hollywood, Psychiatrist Dr. Henry Carter, most of Carters patients are luminaries in the film industry, Carter lives in a large, luxurious house overlooking the Hollywood Hills and has published a hugely successful self-help book. However, he is disheveled and lives alone in his large house and he smokes marijuana at home, in his car and behind his office, when not seeing patients. Carter routinely drinks himself to sleep around his house, waking up in his clothes, despite his own problems, Carter continues psychotherapy with his patients, maintaining his incisiveness, compassion and strong doctor-patient relationships. Jack Holden is another popular celebrity with a problem, about which he is in denial. He continues therapy, however, because he believes that he has a sex addiction, Kate is an actress in her thirties, who is intelligent, compassionate and poised, but is facing fewer career opportunities because of Patricks notion that her age is a limitation. Her rock-star husband, who she says wasnt always like this, is self-centered, Carters newest patient, Jemma is a troubled high-school student, who is required to see a therapist by her school, after cutting her hand by punching a mirror. She is referred to Carter by his father as a pro bono case because like Carters wife, Jemma is an avid moviegoer who aspires to become a filmmaker. Carter has few friends, and spends time with Jesus, his quirky pot dealer, Carter also socializes with Jeremy to whom he is loosely related through Carters deceased wife, whose mother was Jeremys godmother. Jeremy is a young screenwriter who finds romantic interest in Patricks assistant Daisy. Jeremy also derives inspiration from Jemma. Jeremy secretly steals Jemmas private file from Carters office and pursues a platonic interest in Jemma and he writes his breakthrough screenplay about Jemma, and with Daisys help, Jeremy succeeds in gaining Patricks interest in the screenplay. Carter suffers a breakdown on a television talk show, alarming the host. He denounces his book as bullshit and himself as a fraud, Jemma, Daisy and Jeremy react to Carters on-air outburst. Carter decides to stop treating Jemma, though he begins helping Jemma finally come to terms with her mothers suicide, Jemma discovers the screenplay and feels betrayed by Jeremy. Carter angrily attacks Jeremy for his deception, but accepts his own responsibility in the situation. Later, Carter and Jeremy are mysteriously invited to a meeting at Patricks office, patrick seats them in a conference room, where Jemma is already waiting
Shrink (film)
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Promotional film poster
28.
The Twilight Saga: Eclipse
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The Twilight Saga, Eclipse, commonly referred to as Eclipse, is a 2010 American romantic fantasy film based on Stephenie Meyers 2007 novel Eclipse. It is the installment of The Twilight Saga film series, following 2008s Twilight. Summit Entertainment greenlit the film in February 2009, directed by David Slade, the film stars Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner, reprising their roles as Bella Swan, Edward Cullen, and Jacob Black, respectively. Melissa Rosenberg, who penned the scripts for both Twilight and New Moon, returned as screenwriter, filming began on August 17,2009, at Vancouver Film Studios, and finished in late October, with post-production began early the following month. Bryce Dallas Howard was cast as Victoria, replacing Rachelle Lefevre who previously played her, the film was released worldwide on June 30,2010 in theatres, and became the first Twilight film to be released in IMAX. The film has received mixed reception from critics, the film then scored the biggest Wednesday opening in the United States and Canada history with $68,533,840 beating Transformers, Revenge of the Fallens $62 million. In Seattle, not far from Forks, Victoria attacks and bites Riley Biers, in order to begin creating an army of newborns, back in Forks, Edward Cullen and Bella Swan discuss the complications of becoming an immortal vampire. Bella insists that Jacob Black and the rest of the pack would never harm her. Bella wants to go to Jacobs home even though Edward expresses his dislike and concern for her safety, during one of her visits, Jacob confesses that he is in love with Bella, and forcefully kisses her. Furious, she punches him and sprains her hand, and Edward later threatens Jacob, Bella even revokes the invitations of Jacob and his pack members to her graduation party, but when Jacob apologizes for his behavior, she forgives him. Meanwhile, Alice sees a vision that the army will attack Forks within the week. Jacob, accompanied by Quil and Embry overhear this, which leads to an alliance between the Cullens and Wolf pack, later, the Cullens and the wolves agree to a meeting place and time to train and discuss strategy against the powerful newborns. During the training Jasper explains to Bella that he was created by a vampire named Maria to control a newborn army and he hated his original existence until he met Alice and joins in Cullens gang. Bella sees the bond between a mated vampire pair and begins to understand Jasper better. Despite her reluctance to marry, Bella realizes that spending eternity with Edward is more important to her anything else. Edward and Bella camp in the mountains to hide Bella from the bloodthirsty newborns, during the night, Bella overhears a conversation between Edward and Jacob, in which they temporarily put aside their hatred towards each other. In the morning, Jacob overhears Edward and Bella discussing their engagement and storms off, Bella desperately asks Jacob to kiss her, and she realizes that she has fallen in love with him. Edward finds out about the kiss but is not upset, as Bella says she loves him more than Jacob, when Victoria appears, Edward kills her while Seth kills Riley
The Twilight Saga: Eclipse
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Theatrical release poster
The Twilight Saga: Eclipse
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David Slade at the London premiere of The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.
The Twilight Saga: Eclipse
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Eclipse on the marquee of the
Northrup Theater (
Syracuse, Kansas) in August 2010.
29.
World War I
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World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history and it was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. The war drew in all the worlds great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances, the Allies versus the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. These alliances were reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war, Italy, Japan, the trigger for the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. This set off a crisis when Austria-Hungary delivered an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia. Within weeks, the powers were at war and the conflict soon spread around the world. On 25 July Russia began mobilisation and on 28 July, the Austro-Hungarians declared war on Serbia, Germany presented an ultimatum to Russia to demobilise, and when this was refused, declared war on Russia on 1 August. Germany then invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg before moving towards France, after the German march on Paris was halted, what became known as the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition, with a trench line that changed little until 1917. On the Eastern Front, the Russian army was successful against the Austro-Hungarians, in November 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers, opening fronts in the Caucasus, Mesopotamia and the Sinai. In 1915, Italy joined the Allies and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers, Romania joined the Allies in 1916, after a stunning German offensive along the Western Front in the spring of 1918, the Allies rallied and drove back the Germans in a series of successful offensives. By the end of the war or soon after, the German Empire, Russian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, national borders were redrawn, with several independent nations restored or created, and Germanys colonies were parceled out among the victors. During the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties, the League of Nations was formed with the aim of preventing any repetition of such a conflict. This effort failed, and economic depression, renewed nationalism, weakened successor states, and feelings of humiliation eventually contributed to World War II. From the time of its start until the approach of World War II, at the time, it was also sometimes called the war to end war or the war to end all wars due to its then-unparalleled scale and devastation. In Canada, Macleans magazine in October 1914 wrote, Some wars name themselves, during the interwar period, the war was most often called the World War and the Great War in English-speaking countries. Will become the first world war in the sense of the word. These began in 1815, with the Holy Alliance between Prussia, Russia, and Austria, when Germany was united in 1871, Prussia became part of the new German nation. Soon after, in October 1873, German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck negotiated the League of the Three Emperors between the monarchs of Austria-Hungary, Russia and Germany
World War I
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Clockwise from the top: The aftermath of shelling during the
Battle of the Somme,
Mark V tanks cross the
Hindenburg Line,
HMS Irresistible sinks after hitting a
mine in the
Dardanelles, a British
Vickers machine gun crew wears
gas masks during the Battle of the Somme,
Albatros D.III fighters of
Jagdstaffel 11
World War I
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Sarajevo citizens reading a poster with the proclamation of the
Austrian annexation in 1908.
World War I
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This picture is usually associated with the arrest of
Gavrilo Princip, although some believe it depicts Ferdinand Behr, a bystander.
World War I
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Serbian Army
Blériot XI "Oluj", 1915.
30.
Al Pacino
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Alfredo James Al Pacino is an American actor of stage and screen, filmmaker, and screenwriter. DeMille Award, and the National Medal of Arts and he is also one of few performers to have won a competitive Oscar, an Emmy and a Tony Award for acting, dubbed the Triple Crown of Acting. He achieved international acclaim and recognition for his role as Michael Corleone in Francis Ford Coppolas The Godfather. He received his first Oscar nomination and would reprise the role in the successful sequels The Godfather Part II. Pacinos performance as Corleone is now regarded as one of the greatest screen performances in film history, for his performances in The Godfather, Dick Tracy and Glengarry Glen Ross, Pacino was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. A lifelong fan of Shakespeare, Pacino directed and starred in Looking for Richard, a film about the play Richard III. He has also acted as Shylock in a 2004 feature film adaptation, since 1994, Pacino has been the joint president of the Actors Studio with Ellen Burstyn and Harvey Keitel. Pacino was born in New York City, to Sicilian-American parents Salvatore Pacino and Rose and his mother moved to The Bronx to live with her parents, Kate and James Gerardi, who, coincidentally, had come from a town in Sicily named Corleone. His father, who was from San Fratello in the Province of Messina, moved to Covina, California, in his teen years Sonny, as he was known to his friends, aimed to become a baseball player, and was also nicknamed The Actor. Pacino went through Herman Ridder Junior High School, but in secondary school dropped out of many classes and he attended the High School of Performing Arts, but dropped out of school at age 17. His mother disagreed with his decision, they argued and he left home and he worked at low-paying jobs, messenger, busboy, janitor, and postal clerk, to finance his acting studies. He once worked in the room for Commentary magazine. He began smoking and drinking at age nine, and took up casual cannabis use at age 13 and his two closest friends died from drug abuse at the ages of 19 and 30. Growing up in The Bronx, he got into fights and was considered something of a troublemaker at school. He acted in basement plays in New Yorks theatrical underground but was rejected for the Actors Studio while a teenager, Pacino then joined the Herbert Berghof Studio, where he met acting teacher Charlie Laughton, who became his mentor and best friend. In this period, he was unemployed and homeless, and sometimes slept on the street, in theaters. In 1962, his mother died at the age of 43, the following year, Pacinos grandfather James Gerardi, one of the most influential people in his life, also died. After four years at HB Studio, Pacino successfully auditioned for the Actors Studio, the Actors Studio is a membership organization of professional actors, theatre directors and playwrights in the Hells Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City
Al Pacino
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Pacino in September 2004.
Al Pacino
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Al Pacino in
The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel (1971)
Al Pacino
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Al Pacino at the
1996 Cannes Film Festival.
Al Pacino
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Al Pacino at the
Rome Film Festival in 2008.
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