1.
Newton, Massachusetts
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Newton is a suburban city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. Rather than having a city center, Newton resembles a patchwork of thirteen villages. According to the 2010 U. S. Census, the population of Newton was 85,146, Newtons proximity to Boston along with its historic homes, good public schools, and safe and quiet neighborhoods make it a desirable community for those who commute to Boston. Newton is served by three modes of transit run by the MBTA, light rail, commuter rail. Newton has been ranked as one of the best cities to live in in the country. In August 2012, Money magazine named Newton fourth best small city among places to live in America and has named the safest city in the country according to Aneki. Newton was settled in 1630 as part of the newe towne, there are several historical sites of interest in the Newton area. These include Crystal Lake, the East Parish and West Parish Burying Grounds, and the Jackson Homestead, historian and local resident Diana Muir has written about the history surrounding Bulloughs Pond, a scene from the 2008 production of The Women was also filmed there. Portions of the 2016 drama film Patriots Day, about the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing and starring Boston native Mark Wahlberg, were filmed at Lasell College in the city, Newton was settled in 1630 as part of the newe towne, which was renamed Cambridge in 1638. Newton was incorporated as a town, known as Cambridge Village, in 1688, then renamed Newtown in 1691. It became a city in 1873, Newton is known as The Garden City. Newton, according to Muir, became one of Americas earliest commuter suburbs, the Boston and Worcester, one of Americas earliest railroads, reached West Newton in 1834. Wealthy Bostonian businessmen took advantage of the new commuting opportunity offered by the railroad, building homes on erstwhile farmland of West Newton hill. Muir points out that these early commuters needed sufficient wealth to employ a groom and keep horses, one wave began with the streetcar lines that made many parts of Newton accessible for commuters in the late nineteenth century. The next wave came in the 1920s when automobiles became affordable to a upper middle class. Even then, however, Oak Hill continued to be farmed, mostly market gardening, Newton is not a typical commuter suburb since many people who live in Newton do not work in downtown Boston. Most Newtonites work in Newton and other surrounding cities and towns, the city has two symphony orchestras, the New Philharmonia Orchestra of Massachusetts and the Newton Symphony Orchestra. Each April on Patriots Day, the Boston Marathon is run through the city and it then turns right onto Route 30 for the long haul into Boston
Newton, Massachusetts
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Emily Lavan, Heartbreak Hill, 2005 Boston Marathon
Newton, Massachusetts
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Location in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Newton, Massachusetts
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Union Street, Newton Centre
Newton, Massachusetts
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The Jackson Homestead
2.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
3.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
California
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A forest of redwood trees in
Redwood National Park
California
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Flag
California
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Mount Shasta
California
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Aerial view of the
California Central Valley
4.
Harvard College
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Harvard College is the undergraduate liberal arts college of Harvard University. Founded in 1636 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it is the oldest institution of learning in the United States. The school came into existence in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony—though without a single building, in 1638, the college became home for North Americas first known printing press, carried by the ship John of London. Three years later, the college was renamed in honor of deceased Charlestown minister John Harvard who had bequeathed to the school his entire library, Harvards first instructor was schoolmaster Nathaniel Eaton, in 1639, he also became its first instructor to be dismissed, for overstrict discipline. The schools first students were graduated in 1642, in 1665, Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck from the Wampanoag … did graduate from Harvard, the first Indian to do so in the colonial period. The colleges of Englands Oxford and Cambridge Universities are communities within the university, each an association of scholars sharing room. The Indian College was active from 1640 to no later than 1693, the body known as The President and Fellows of Harvard College retains its traditional name despite having governance of the entire University. Radcliffe College originally paid Harvard faculty to repeat their lectures for women students, since the 1970s, Harvard has been responsible for undergraduate governance matters for women, women were still formally admitted to and graduated from Radcliffe until a final merger in 1999. About 2,000 students are admitted each year, representing between five and ten percent of those applying, of those admitted, approximately three-quarters choose to attend and these figures make Harvard perhaps the most selective and sought-after college in the world. Midway through the year, most undergraduates join one of fifty standard fields of concentration. Joint concentrations and special concentrations are also possible, a smaller number receive the Scientiarum Baccalaureus. There are also special programs, such as a five-year program leading to both a Harvard undergraduate degree and a Master of Arts from the New England Conservatory of Music. In 2012, dozens of students were disciplined for cheating on an exam in one course. The university instituted a code beginning in the fall of 2015. The total annual cost of attendance, including tuition and room and board, under financial aid guidelines adopted in 2012, families with incomes below $65,000 no longer pay anything for their children to attend, including room and board. Families with incomes between $65,000 to $150,000 pay no more than 10% of their annual income, grants total 88% of Harvards aid for undergraduate students, with aid also provided by loans and work-study. Each house is presided over by a senior-faculty Faculty Dean, while its Allston Burr Resident Dean supervises undergraduates day-to-day academic, many tutors reside in the House, as do the Faculty Dean and Resident Dean. The way in which students come to live in particular Houses has changed greatly over time, under the original draft system, Masters negotiated privately over the assignment of rising sophomores considered most—or least—promising
Harvard College
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View of freshman dormitories in
Harvard Yard
Harvard College
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Harvard College
Harvard College
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Lt Gov
William Stoughton, (1631-1701), Colonial Governor: 1694-99, 1700-01; circa 1700 overlooking one of the buildings of Harvard College
Harvard College
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Lowell House in autumn
5.
Felicia Farr
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Felicia Farr is a former American actress and model. Born Olive Dines, Felicia Farr appeared in several modeling photo shoots and advertisements during the 1950s and 1960s and her earliest screen appearances date from the mid-1950s and included the Westerns Jubal and 3,10 to Yuma, both starring Glenn Ford and The Last Wagon starring Richard Widmark. Lee Farr was her first husband, a marriage which produced a daughter, Denise Farr, farrs second husband was film star Jack Lemmon, they married in 1962, while Lemmon was filming the comedy Irma La Douce in Paris, and remained married until his death in 2001. During her marriage to Jack Lemmon, Farr gave birth to a daughter, Courtney and she is also the stepmother of Lemmons son, actor and author Chris Lemmon. Wayfarers Naked City Wagon Train Target, The Corruptors, ben Casey The Defenders Bonanza The Alfred Hitchcock Hour Burkes Law Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre Run for Your Life It Takes a Thief Awake and Sing. Felicia Farr at the Internet Movie Database
Felicia Farr
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Cliff Robertson and Farr in the
Playhouse 90 presentation of "Natchez", 1958
6.
Chris Lemmon
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Christopher Boyd Chris Lemmon is an American actor and author. Lemmon was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of actress Cynthia Stone, Lemmon attended the Verde Valley School in Sedona, Arizona. With a talent for music, he was encouraged by his father to study piano, Lemmon considered playing piano professionally after having graduated from the California Institute of the Arts, with degrees in classical piano and composition, and in theater. R. Gurneys Love Letters with Stephanie Zimbalist, Lemmon is also a screenwriter and producer. In 2006, Algonquin Books published Lemmons tribute to his father, entitled A Twist of Lemmon and he has appeared in three films with his father, Airport 77, Thats Life. and Dad. Lemmon was to star in the film Publicity Stunt, a comedy which he co-wrote, in 2015, Lemmon adapted his 2006 tribute to his father, A Twist of Lemmon, to the stage. The show, which Lemmon has performed all around the United States, Lemmon is married to actress Gina Raymond and they reside in Connecticut. Airport 77 Just Tell Me You Love Me The Happy Hooker Goes Hollywood Seems Like Old Times Just Before Dawn Swing Shift Cannonball Run II Thats Life
Chris Lemmon
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Chris Lemmon at the 1990 Academy Awards
7.
Americans
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Americans are citizens of the United States of America. The country is home to people of different national origins. As a result, Americans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, although citizens make up the majority of Americans, non-citizen residents, dual citizens, and expatriates may also claim an American identity. See Names for United States citizens. S, virgin Islands and Northern Mariana Islands in the 20th century. It also includes influences of African-American culture, westward expansion integrated the Creoles and Cajuns of Louisiana and the Hispanos of the Southwest and brought close contact with the culture of Mexico. Large-scale immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from Southern and Eastern Europe introduced a variety of elements, immigration from Asia, Africa, and Latin America has also had impact. A cultural melting pot, or pluralistic salad bowl, describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics, in addition to the United States, Americans and people of American descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad, the United States of America is a diverse country, racially, and ethnically. Some other race is also an option in the census and other surveys, people of European descent, or White Americans, constitute the majority of the 308 million people living in the United States, with 72. 4% of the population in the 2010 United States Census. They are considered people who trace their ancestry to the peoples of Europe, the Middle East. Of those reporting to be White American,7,487,133 reported to be Multiracial, with largest combination being white, additionally, there are 29,184,290 White Hispanics or Latinos. Non-Hispanic Whites are the majority in 46 states, there are four minority-majority states, California, Texas, New Mexico, and Hawaii. In addition, the District of Columbia has a non-white majority, the state with the highest percentage of non-Hispanic White Americans is Maine. The largest continental ancestral group of Americans are that of Europeans who have origins in any of the peoples of Europe. This includes people via African, North American, Caribbean, Central American or South American and Oceanian nations that have a large European diaspora, the Spanish were the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the United States. Martín de Argüelles born 1566, San Agustín, La Florida, was the first person of European descent born in what is now the United States. Twenty-one years later, Virginia Dare born 1587 Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina, was the first child born in the Thirteen Colonies to English parents. 8% of the total population, Hispanic or Latino Americans constitute the largest ethnic minority in the United States. They form the second largest group after non-Hispanic Whites in the United States, hispanic/Latino Americans are very racially diverse, and as a result form an ethnic category, rather than a race
Americans
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John F. Kennedy (Irish)
Americans
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Flag of the United States
Americans
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George Washington (English)
Americans
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Frank Sinatra (Italian)
8.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Awards
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Academy Awards
Academy Awards
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31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Awards
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81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Awards
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Pantages Theatre, 2008
9.
Some Like It Hot
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Some Like It Hot is a 1959 American romantic comedy film set in 1929, directed and produced by Billy Wilder, starring Marilyn Monroe, Tony Curtis, and Jack Lemmon. The supporting cast includes George Raft, Pat OBrien, Joe E. Brown, Joan Shawlee, the plot is based on a screenplay by Billy Wilder and Michael Logan from the French film Fanfare of Love. The film is about two musicians who dress in drag in order to escape from mafia gangsters whom they witnessed commit a crime inspired by the Saint Valentines Day Massacre, the film was produced in black and white, even though color films were increasing in popularity. Some Like It Hot opened to positive reviews and is today considered to be one of the greatest film comedies of all time. It was voted as the top comedy film by the American Film Institute on their list on AFIs 100 Years. The film is notable for featuring cross dressing, and for playing with the idea of homosexuality. The code had been gradually weakening in its scope during the early 1950s, due to increasing tolerance for previously taboo topics in film. The overwhelming success of Some Like It Hot was a nail in the coffin for the Hays Code. It is February 1929 in the city of Chicago, during the era of prohibition, Joe is an irresponsible jazz saxophone player, gambler and ladies man, his friend Jerry is a sensible jazz double-bass player, both are working in a speakeasy owned by mob gangster Spats Colombo. Penniless and in a mad rush to get out of town, disguised as women and renaming themselves Josephine and Daphne, they board a train with the band and their male manager, Bienstock. Before they board the train, Joe and Jerry notice Sugar Kane, Joe and Jerry become enamored of Sugar and compete for her affection while maintaining their disguises. Sugar confides that she has sworn off male saxophone players, who have stolen her heart in the past and she has set her sights on finding a sweet, bespectacled millionaire in Florida. Once in Miami, Joe woos Sugar by assuming a disguise as a millionaire named Junior. An actual millionaire, the much-married aging mamas boy Osgood Fielding III, tries repeatedly to pick up Daphne, Osgood invites Daphne for a champagne supper on his yacht. Joe convinces Daphne to keep Osgood occupied onshore so that Junior can take Sugar to Osgoods yacht, once on the yacht, Junior explains to Sugar that, due to psychological trauma, he is impotent and frigid, but that he would marry anyone who could change that. Sugar tries to arouse some sexual response in Junior, and begins to succeed, meanwhile, Daphne and Osgood dance the tango till dawn. Joe convinces Jerry that he cannot actually marry Osgood, the hotel hosts a conference for Friends of Italian Opera, which is in fact a front for a major meeting of various branches of La Cosa Nostra. Spats and his gang from Chicago recognize Joe and Jerry as the witnesses to the Valentines Day murders, Joe and Jerry, fearing for their lives, realize they must quit the band and leave the hotel
Some Like It Hot
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Theatrical poster
Some Like It Hot
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Hotel del Coronado (2011)
10.
The Apartment
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The Apartment is a 1960 American romantic comedy film that was produced and directed by Billy Wilder, and which stars Jack Lemmon, Shirley MacLaine, and Fred MacMurray. It was Wilders next movie after Some Like It Hot and, like its predecessor, the film was nominated for ten Academy Awards, and won five, including Best Picture. The film was the basis of the 1968 Broadway musical Promises, Promises, with book by Neil Simon, music by Burt Bacharach, calvin Clifford Bud Baxter is a lonely office drudge at a national insurance corporation in a high-rise building in New York City. The four managers write glowing reports about Bud, who hopes for a promotion from the personnel director, Sheldrake calls Baxter to his office but says that he has found out why they were so enthusiastic. Then he goes on to him in return for exclusive privileges to borrow the apartment. He insists on using it that night and, as compensation for such short notice. After work, Bud catches Fran Kubelik, an operator on whom he has had his eye. They agree to meet at the theater after she has a drink with a former fling, the man whom she meets, by coincidence, is Sheldrake, who convinces her that he is about to divorce his wife for her. They go to Baxters apartment as Baxter waits forlornly outside the theater, at Buds apartment, Fran confronts Sheldrake, upset with herself for believing his lies. Sheldrake maintains that he loves her but then leaves to return to his suburban family as usual. Meanwhile, Bud accidentally finds out about Sheldrake and Fran, heartbroken, he lets himself be picked up by a woman at a local bar. When they arrive at his apartment, he is shocked to find Fran in his bed, fully clothed and he enlists the help of his neighbor, Dr. Dreyfuss, to revive Fran without notifying the authorities and sends his confused bar pickup home. To protect his job, he lets Dreyfuss believe that he and Fran are lovers who had fought and this comes as no surprise to Dr. Dreyfuss or his wife, who long assumed Baxter was a womanizing playboy from all the noise coming from his apartment at all hours. Fran spends two days recuperating at his apartment, while Bud tries entertaining and distracting her from any further suicidal thoughts, since she has been missing, Frans brother-in-law Karl Matuschka comes to the office looking for her. She has not been there and neither has Baxter, the previous day, one of the executives had seen Fran in the bedroom when he came to the apartment hoping to borrow it, and mentioned it to the other executives. Resenting Bud for denying them access to his apartment, the direct the man there. Baxter again takes responsibility for Frans actions, and Karl punches him twice in the face, Fran kisses Bud for not revealing her affair with Sheldrake to Karl, and Bud, sensing that she now cares for him, smiles and says the punch didnt hurt a bit. Sheldrake rewards Bud with a promotion and fires Miss Olsen for telling Fran his history of womanizing
The Apartment
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Original film poster
The Apartment
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Calvin Clifford (C. C.) "Bud" Baxter (
Jack Lemmon) and Fran Kubelik (
Shirley MacLaine), in a still from the film's final scene: "Shut up and deal."
11.
Mister Roberts (1955 film)
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Based on the 1946 novel and 1948 Broadway play, the film was nominated for the Best Picture and Best Sound, Recording Oscars, Jack Lemmon received the 1955 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. In the waning days of World War II, the United States Navy cargo ship Reluctant, the executive officer/cargo chief, Lieutenant Junior Grade Douglas A. Doug Roberts, tries to shield the dispirited crew from the harsh and unpopular captain, Lieutenant Commander Morton. Eager to join the fighting, Roberts repeatedly requests a transfer, Morton is forced by regulation to forward his requests, but refuses to endorse them, which means they are always rejected. Roberts shares quarters with Ensign Frank Thurlowe Pulver, Pulver spends most of his time idling in his bunk and avoids the captain at all costs, so much so, that Morton is actually unaware Pulver is part of the crew. Roberts surreptitiously requests, and is granted crew liberty from one of Morton’s superiors, the liberty is supposed to be at their next resupply stop, but when the ship reaches an idyllic South Pacific island, Morton denies the crew their much-needed shore leave. Ashore, the crew lets loose after months of pent-up frustration, many crewmen are arrested and hauled back to the ship by the military police and the shore patrol. The next morning, Morton is reprimanded by the port captain, Morton is almost speechless with rage at the black mark on his sterling record. Meanwhile, the crewmen are mystified by Robertss new strictness, Morton deceives them into thinking that Roberts is trying to get a promotion. When a crew member informs Roberts of a new Navy policy which might assist him in getting a transfer despite the captains opposition, news of the Allied victory in Europe depresses Roberts further, knowing the war may end soon without his ever seeing combat. Inspired by a radio speech celebrating VE Day, Roberts throws Mortons prized palm tree overboard. The captain demands the identity of the culprit, but no one steps forward and he eventually realizes that Roberts is the only person aboard with the nerve to do it. Morton summons him to his quarters and accuses him of the deed, an open microphone reveals to the crew what changed Roberts. Weeks later, Roberts receives an unexpected transfer, Doc, the ships doctor and Roberts friend, confides to him that the crew risked court-martial by submitting a transfer request with Mortons forged imprimatur. Before he leaves, the crew presents Roberts with a handmade medal, several weeks later, Pulver, who has been appointed cargo officer, receives a couple of letters. The first is from Roberts, who speaks enthusiastically about his new assignment aboard the destroyer USS Livingston during the Battle of Okinawa and he goes on to say that he would rather have the Order of the Palm than the Medal of Honor. Incensed, Pulver throws the captain’s replacement palm tree overboard and he then marches into Mortons cabin, openly bragging about it and brazenly demanding to know why Morton has cancelled the showing of a film that night. Morton slowly shakes his head, realizing that his problems have not gone away, Fonda was not the original choice to star in the film version, Warner Bros. was considering William Holden or Marlon Brando for the lead role. The studio thought Fonda had been on stage and off the screen so long that he was no longer a movie box office draw, in addition, when filming began he was 49, much older than the average lieutenant junior grade
Mister Roberts (1955 film)
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Film poster
12.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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Walter Brennan was the first winner in this category for 1936's
Come and Get It; He would also win for his roles in
Kentucky (1938) and
The Westerner (1940).
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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Van Heflin won in 1942 for his performance in
Johnny Eager.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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George Sanders won for his role in 1950's
All About Eve.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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Karl Malden won in 1951 for
A Streetcar Named Desire.
13.
Days of Wine and Roses (film)
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Days of Wine and Roses is a 1962 drama film directed by Blake Edwards with a screenplay by JP Miller adapted from his own 1958 Playhouse 90 teleplay of the same name. The movie was produced by Martin Manulis, with music by Henry Mancini, the film depicts the downward spiral of two average Americans who succumb to alcoholism and attempt to deal with their problems. An Academy Award went to the theme music, composed by Mancini with lyrics by Johnny Mercer. The film received four other Oscar nominations, including Best Actor, San Francisco public relations executive Joe Clay meets and falls in love with Kirsten Arnesen, a secretary. Kirsten is a teetotaler until Joe introduces her to social drinking and she is reluctant at first, but after her first few Brandy Alexanders, she admits that having a drink made me feel good. Despite the misgivings of Kirstens father, who runs a San Mateo landscaping business, Joe and Kirsten slowly go from the two-martini lunch to full-blown alcoholism. Joe is demoted due to performance, and is sent out of town to work on a minor account. Kirsten is alone all day, and finds the best way to pass the time is to drink, while drunk one afternoon, she causes a fire in their apartment and almost kills herself and their child. Joe eventually gets fired, and goes from job to job over the several years. One day, Joe walks by a bar and looks at his reflection in the window and he goes home and tells Kirsten that they have to stop drinking, and she reluctantly agrees. Seeking escape from their addiction, Joe and Kirsten work together in Mr. Arnesens business, however, the urges are too strong, and after a late-night drinking binge, Joe destroys his father-in-laws greenhouse and plants while looking for a stashed bottle of liquor. Joe is committed to a sanitarium, where he suffers from delirium tremens while confined in a straitjacket, after his release, Joe finally gets sober for a while, with the help of Alcoholics Anonymous, a dedicated sponsor named Jim Hungerford and regular AA meetings. Meanwhile, Kirstens drinking persists, and she disappears for days without alerting Joe. Kirsten is eventually located at a motel, drunk, but when Joe tries to help her. Hungerford appears at his side and warns him that he must keep no matter what. Joe finally gets sober, becomes a father to Debbie. He tries to make amends with his father-in-law by offering him a payment for past debts and wrongs, after calming down, Arnesen says that Kirsten has been disappearing for long stretches of time and picking up strangers in bars. One night, after Debbie is asleep, Kirsten, shakily sober for two days, comes to Joes apartment to attempt a reconciliation, Joe replies that she is welcome back anytime, but only if she stops drinking
Days of Wine and Roses (film)
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Theatrical release poster
14.
The Great Race
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The supporting cast includes Peter Falk, Keenan Wynn, Arthur OConnell and Vivian Vance. The movie cost US$12 million, making it the most expensive film at the time. It is noted for one scene that was promoted as the greatest pie fight ever, the Great Leslie and Professor Fate are competing daredevils at the turn of the 20th century. Leslie is the classic hero – always dressed in white, handsome, ever-courteous, enormously talented, Leslie proposes an automobile race from New York to Paris and offers the Webber Motor Car Company the opportunity to build an automobile to make the journey. They design and build a new car named The Leslie Special, Fate builds his own race vehicle, the Hannibal Twin-8, complete with hidden devices of sabotage. Others cars enter in the race, including New York Citys most prominent newspaper, driving the newspapers car is beautiful photojournalist Maggie DuBois, a vocal suffragette. The seven-car race begins, but Fates long-suffering sidekick Maximilian Meen has sabotaged four other cars, the surviving teams are Leslie with his loyal mechanic Hezekiah Sturdy, Maggie DuBois driving a Stanley Steamer by herself, and Fate and Max. The newspapers car breaks down and Maggie accepts a lift in the Leslie Special, Fate arrives first at a refueling point, the small Western frontier town of Boracho. A local outlaw named Texas Jack becomes jealous of the attraction to Leslie shown by showgirl Lily Olay, Fate sneaks outside amidst the chaos, steals the fuel he needs, and destroys the rest. The two remaining cars reach the Bering Strait and park side-by-side in a blinding snowstorm, keeping warm during the storm, Leslie and Maggie begin to see each other as more than competitors. Mishaps, including a bear in Fates car, compel all four racers to warm themselves in Leslies car. They awaken on an ice floe which drifts into their intended Russian port, where Hezekiah is waiting for Leslie. Maggie is snatched by Fate, who drives off in the lead, after driving across Asia, both cars enter the tiny kingdom of Pottsdorf, whose alcoholic and foppish Crown Prince Hapnick is a double for Fate. Rebels under the leadership of Baron Rolfe von Stuppe and General Kuhster kidnap the Prince, Fate, Max, Max escapes and joins Leslie to rescue the others. Fate is forced to masquerade as the Prince during the coronation so that the rebels can gain control of the kingdom, Leslie and Max overcome Von Stuppes henchmen and confront Von Stuppe. Following a climactic duel with Leslie, Von Stuppe attempts escape by leaping to a waiting boat. Leslie and Max return the real Prince in time for his coronation and depart with Fate, Fate takes refuge in a bakery but falls into a huge cake. A pie fight ensues involving the racers, the Princes men, as the racers leave Pottsdorf, it becomes a straight road race to Paris
The Great Race
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Theatrical release poster
15.
Irma la Douce
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Irma la Douce is a 1963 romantic comedy starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine, directed by Billy Wilder. It is based on the 1956 French stage musical Irma La Douce by Marguerite Monnot, the police inspector, who is Nestors superior, and the other policemen, have been aware of the prostitution, but tolerate it in exchange for bribes. The inspector, a client of the prostitutes himself, fires Nestor, down on his luck, Nestor befriends Irma La Douce, a popular prostitute. He also reluctantly accepts, as a confidant, the proprietor of Chez Moustache, after Nestor defends Irma against her abusive pimp boyfriend, Hippolyte, Nestor moves in with her, and he soon finds himself as Irmas new pimp. Jealous of the thought of Irma being with other men, Nestor comes up with a plan to stop Irmas prostitution, but he soon finds out that it is not all that it is cracked up to be. Using a disguise, he invents an alter-ego, Lord X, a British lord, Nestors plans to keep Irma off the streets soon backfire and she becomes suspicious, since Nestor must work long and hard to earn the cash Lord X pays Irma. When Irma decides to leave Paris with the fictitious Lord X, unaware he is being tailed by Hippolyte, he finds a secluded stretch along the river Seine and tosses his disguise into it. Hippolyte, not having seen Nestor change his clothes, sees Lord Xs clothes floating in the water, before Nestor is arrested, Moustache advises him not to reveal that Lord X was a fabrication. He tells him, The jails are full of innocent people because they told the truth, Nestor admits to having killed Lord X, but only because of his love for Irma. Hauled off to jail, but with Irma in love with him, learning that Irma is pregnant, Nestor escapes from prison, with Moustaches help, and returns to Irma. He narrowly avoids being recaptured when the search for him in Irmas apartment. With the help of Hippolyte, Nestor arranges for the police to search for him along the Seine from which, dressed as Lord X, he emerges. Knowing he cannot be rearrested for a murder the police now know did not occur, Nestor rushes to the church, as she walks down the aisle she begins to experience contractions and they continue during the wedding ceremony. Nestor and Irma barely make it through the ceremony before she goes into labor, while Nestor and everyone else is occupied with Irma, Moustache notices one of the guests sitting alone at the front of the church. Rising from his seat and walking past Moustache, the guest is none other than Lord X, a clearly baffled Moustache looks at Lord X, and then at the audience. But thats another story, he says. S, soldier with radio Louis Jourdan as Narrator Paul Frees as Trailer Narrator Though the film is not a musical, it won André Previn an Academy Award for Best Score—Adaptation or Treatment. There is also a scene in the film, in which Shirley MacLaine exclaims Dis-donc. whilst dancing on a table, the film was nominated for two other Academy awards, Best Actress in a Leading Role and Best Cinematography, Color. Irma la Douce was conceived as a Marilyn Monroe vehicle in 1962, the project would have reunited her with director Billy Wilder and actor Jack Lemmon, both of whom had worked with her on Some Like It Hot in 1959
Irma la Douce
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Italian release poster
Irma la Douce
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Irma La Douce
16.
The Odd Couple (film)
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The Odd Couple is a 1968 American comedy Technicolor film in Panavision, written by Neil Simon, based on his play of the same name, directed by Gene Saks, and starring Jack Lemmon and Walter Matthau. It is the story of two divorced men—neurotic neat-freak Felix Ungar and fun-loving slob Oscar Madison—who decide to live together, even though their personalities clash, the film was successful with critics and audiences, grossing over $44.5 million, making it the fourth highest-grossing picture of 1968. The success of the film was the basis for the ABC television sitcom of the name, starring Tony Randall as Felix. Felix Ungar checks into a hotel near Times Square and attempts to kill himself by jumping out of the window. Limping back on the street he tries to get drunk at a dance bar and he stands on a bridge, contemplating jumping into the river. Murrays wife calls and tells him that Felix is missing, Oscar then calls Felixs wife Frances who says that she and Felix have split up. As they are discussing what to do, and worried that Felix might try to commit suicide, Felix eventually breaks down crying and his friends try to console him. Oscar then suggests that Felix move in with him, since Oscar has lived alone since he split up with his own wife, Blanche, Felix agrees, and urges Oscar to not be shy about letting him know if he gets on Oscars nerves. Within only a week, Oscar is going nuts, Felix is a neurotic, obsessive-compulsive nut, who runs around the apartment cleaning, picking up after Oscar, and berating him for being such a slob. He also refuses to have any fun, spending most of his thinking about Frances. The two men are shown bowling, shooting pool, and walking the city streets, Felix has a sinus attack, making loud obnoxious noises while seated in a coffee shop. As the date commences, Oscar tries to get Felix to loosen up by leaving him alone for a while in their room with the two attractive, and somewhat frisky, sisters. Instead, he winds up talking about Frances, and breaks down weeping, when Oscar returns from their kitchen, the Pigeon sisters, one a divorcee, the other widowed, are sobbing as uncontrollably as Felix. Oscar cheers them up and they invite the boys upstairs for what should be a wild night, instead, Felix, who realizes that he is still too attached to his wife, refuses to go, opting to scrub the pots and wash his hair instead. Oscar joins the sisters in their apartment, but winds up spending the night drinking tea, furious about Felixs ruining the date, Oscar resorts to giving Felix the silent treatment and torturing him by messing up the apartment as much as possible. Felix retaliates by just being himself, driving Oscar insane with his endless cleaning, eventually, the tension explodes into an argument that results in Oscar demanding that Felix move out. Felix complies, but leaves Oscar with a guilt trip for having abandoned his still-in-need friend. After searching for hours, they return to Oscars apartment to find out that Felix has moved in with the Pigeon sisters
The Odd Couple (film)
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Theatrical release poster
17.
The Odd Couple II
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The Odd Couple II is the 1998 sequel to 1968s The Odd Couple. Written by Neil Simon, the film reunites Jack Lemmon as Felix Ungar, the film was the actors last together. It is also significant among sequels for having one of the longest gaps between the release of the original and a sequel in which all leads return. Each actor made one more theatrical film after this, The Legend of Bagger Vance for Lemmon and Hanging Up for Matthau, in which neither actor played a leading role. It has been 17 years since Oscar Madison and Felix Ungar have seen one another, Oscar is still hosting a regular poker game and is still an untidy slob, now living in Sarasota, Florida, but still a sportswriter. One day, he is called by his son Brucey with an invitation to California for his wedding the following Sunday, a second shock for Oscar—the woman his son is marrying is Felixs daughter, Hannah. On the flight from New York to Los Angeles, it clear that Felix has not changed his ways—he is still a fussy. Oscar and Felix are reunited at the airport and very happy to be together again after 17 years of separation—at least for a couple of minutes and they intend to share a rental car to San Malina for the wedding. But the trip begins with Oscar forgetting Felixs suitcase at the Budget car rental, including wedding gifts, Oscar also loses the directions to San Malina when his cigar ashes burn them. He and Felix become hopelessly lost, unable to remember the name of the town where they are headed. They end up in an area, where the car rolls off a cliff. If that were not enough, they get arrested several times by the local police, at a bar in town, they meet two extroverted women, Thelma and Holly, and buy them drinks. Accepting an offer of a ride from an even older than themselves, Felix and Oscar end up inside a $150,000 vintage Rolls Royce Silver Wraith with a dead body. The boys are freed and driven directly to the airport by the police. A woman boarding the airplane is also en route to the wedding and she is Felice Adams, Oscars ex-sister-in-law, the sister of his ex-wife, Blanche. Felixs eyes light up when he learns that her husband died of a heart attack and he calls her Lise, which causes Oscar to ask Felix if she calls him Lix. They finally arrive at the place, only to find that Brucey is having second thoughts about the wedding due to his parents bad history with marriage. Felix and Oscar argue with their ex-spouses, after which Oscar persuades his son to go through with it, Felixs suitcase is returned and the wedding goes off without a hitch
The Odd Couple II
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Theatrical release poster
18.
Walter Matthau
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He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the 1966 Billy Wilder film The Fortune Cookie. Besides the Oscar, he was the winner of BAFTA, Golden Globe, Matthau was born Walter John Matthow on October 1,1920, in New York Citys Lower East Side. His mother, Rose, was a Lithuanian Jewish immigrant who worked in a garment sweatshop, as part of a lifelong love of practical jokes, Matthau himself created the rumors that his middle name was Foghorn and his last name was originally Matuschanskayasky. As a young boy, Matthau attended a Jewish non-profit sleepaway camp, Tranquillity Camp and he also attended Surprise Lake Camp. His high school was Seward Park High School and he worked for a short time as a concession stand cashier in the Yiddish Theatre District. He was based at RAF Old Buckenham, Norfolk during this time and he reached the rank of staff sergeant and became interested in acting. He took classes in acting at the Dramatic Workshop of The New School with German director Erwin Piscator and he often joked that his best early review came in a play where he posed as a derelict. One reviewer said, The others just looked like actors in make-up, Matthau was a respected stage actor for years in such fare as Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter. He won the 1962 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a play, Matthau appeared in the pilot of Mister Peepers with Wally Cox. For reasons unknown he used the name Leonard Elliot and his role was of the gym teacher Mr. Wall. He made his motion picture debut as a bad guy in The Kentuckian opposite Burt Lancaster. He played a villain in King Creole, in which he gets beaten up by Elvis Presley, around the same time, he made Ride a Crooked Trail with Audie Murphy, and Onionhead starring Andy Griffith, the latter was a flop. Matthau had a role opposite Griffith in the well received drama A Face in the Crowd. Matthau also directed a movie called The Gangster Story and was a sympathetic sheriff in Lonely Are the Brave. He appeared opposite Audrey Hepburn in Charade, appearances on television were common too, including two on Naked City, as well as an episode of The Eleventh Hour. He appeared eight times between 1962 and 1964 on The DuPont Show of the Week and as Franklin Gaer in an episode of Dr. Kildare, additionally he featured in the syndicated crime drama Tallahassee 7000, as a Florida-based state police investigator. Comedies were rare in Matthaus work at that time, Neil Simon cast him in the play The Odd Couple in 1965, with Matthau playing slovenly sportswriter Oscar Madison, opposite Art Carney as Felix Unger. Matthau later reprised the role in the version, with Jack Lemmon as Felix Ungar
Walter Matthau
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Walter Matthau in
A New Leaf (1972)
Walter Matthau
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Matthau and
Art Carney in
The Odd Couple, 1965
Walter Matthau
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Matthau in
Hello, Dolly!, 1969
Walter Matthau
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Walter Matthau in
Charade
19.
Save the Tiger
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The screenplay was adapted by Steve Shagan from his novel of the same title. Harry Stoner is an executive at a Los Angeles apparel company close to ruin, with no legal way to keep the company from going under, Stoner considers torching his warehouse for the insurance settlement. The arson is agreed to very reluctantly by his partner, a family man who watches Harrys decline with alarm. Through it all, Harry drinks, laments the state of the world and this last task is complicated when a client has a heart attack in the arms of a prostitute provided by Stoner. With nerves still shaky, Stoner takes the stage at the premiere of his companys new line and he ends the day spontaneously deciding to go home with a young, free-spirited girl hitchhiker, whose ignorance of his generation underscores his isolation from the world around him. The movie was written by Steve Shagan and directed by John G. Avildsen, Lemmon was determined to make the movie, despite its limited commercial prospects, and so he waived his usual salary and worked for scale. The movie was filmed in sequence after three weeks of rehearsal in Los Angeles, there is also a novel version of Save the Tiger, by Shagan, the title comes from a campaign to save tigers from extinction to which Stoner contributes. The movie failed financially at the box office, but critics and viewers who saw it liked the Oscar-winning performance of Jack Lemmon as Stoner
Save the Tiger
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Theatrical release poster
20.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, since its inception, the award has been given to 79 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars, spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
Academy Award for Best Actor
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Emil Jannings (center) was the first winner in this category for his roles in 1928's
The Last Command and 1927's
The Way of All Flesh.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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Warner Baxter won in 1928 for his performance in
In Old Arizona.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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George Arliss won in 1929 for his performance in
Disraeli.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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Lionel Barrymore won in 1930 for his performance in
A Free Soul.
21.
The Out-of-Towners (1970 film)
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The Out-of-Towners is a 1970 American comedy film written by Neil Simon, directed by Arthur Hiller, and starring Jack Lemmon and Sandy Dennis. It was released by Paramount Pictures on May 28,1970, a number of comic actors, including Anne Meara, Sandy Baron, Ann Prentiss, Paul Dooley, and Anthony Holland, were cast in small supporting roles. Originally, playwright Neil Simon planned his tale of a suburban Ohio couples misadventures in New York City to be one of a quartet of vignettes in his Broadway play Plaza Suite. He quickly realized, however, the possibilities were numerous enough to warrant a full-length treatment. During filming in the spring of 1969, Hiller took full advantage of Manhattan, including Grand Central Station, Central Park, scenes were also filmed at Logan International Airport and South Station in Boston, and at MacArthur Airport in Islip, New York. The plot revolves around Gwen and George Kellerman, whose company has invited him to interview for a job promotion in New York City. Upon arrival at Grand Central Terminal in New York by 2, 00am, they discover that mass transit, taxicab drivers, with each successive catastrophe, George angrily writes down each perpetrators name and promises to sue them or their company when he returns home. The only thing that goes right for George is he somehow manages to arrive on time for his 9, 00am interview, many of the incidents depicted in the film mirrored real life events going on at the time, especially in New York. Lindsays term of office, the first of many disputes that would haunt the mayors two terms. The sanitation strike depicted in the film mirrored the infamous 1968 strike that hit the city. The muggings and robberies endured by the Kellermans reflected the rising crime rate in many major American cities at the time, additionally, New York Citys Central Park was portrayed as a haven for crime, which it was becoming known for at the time. Both Lemmon and Dennis were nominated for Golden Globe awards in the acting categories. Simons screenplay won him the Writers Guild of America award for Best Comedy Written Directly for the Screen, the movie was later remade in 1999 with Steve Martin, Goldie Hawn and John Cleese, but it was not well received, holding only 27% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. List of American films of 1970 The Out-of-Towners at The Internet Movie Database The Out-of-Towners at Rotten Tomatoes The Out-of-Towners at Rotten Tomatoes
The Out-of-Towners (1970 film)
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promotional poster
22.
The China Syndrome
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The China Syndrome is a 1979 American thriller film directed by James Bridges and written by Bridges, Mike Gray, and T. S. Cook. It tells the story of a reporter and her cameraman who discover safety coverups at a nuclear power plant. It stars Jane Fonda, Jack Lemmon, and Michael Douglas, the cast also features Scott Brady, James Hampton, Peter Donat, Richard Herd, and Wilford Brimley. It was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Actor in a Leading Role, Best Actress in a Leading Role, Best Art Direction-Set Decoration and Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen. It was also nominated for the Palme dOr at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival, the films script won the 1980 Writers Guild of America award. Coincidentally, in one scene, physicist Dr. Elliott Lowell says that the China Syndrome would render an area the size of Pennsylvania permanently uninhabitable, shift Supervisor Jack Godell notices an unusual vibration while grabbing his cup of coffee which he had set down. He then finds that a gauge is misreading and that the coolant is dangerously low, the crew manages to bring the reactor under control and can be seen celebrating and expressing relief. Richard surreptitiously films the incident, despite being requested to not film the control room for security purposes, kimberlys superior at work refuses to permit her to report what happened or show the film, disgusting Richard, who steals the footage. During an inspection of the plant before it is back online. Godell pushes to delay restarting the plant, but the plant superintendent denies his request and he believes that the plant is unsafe and could be severely damaged if another full-power SCRAM occurs. He tries to bring the evidence to plant manager Herman DeYoung, Royce, an employee of Foster-Sullivan, the construction company who built the plant, as it was Royce who signed off on the welding radiographs. Godell threatens to go to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, but Royce threatens him, Kimberly also defies her bosses, determined to pursue the truth. She and Richard confront Godell at his home with what they know, Kimberly and Richard ask if he will testify at the NRC hearings, being held at Point Conception, where Foster-Sullivan is looking to build another nuclear plant. Godell agrees to obtain for them, through Hector, a set of the false radiographs to take to the hearings, hectors car is run off the road and the radiographs are taken from him. Godell leaves for the hearings but is chased by the goons waiting outside his home and he escapes by taking refuge inside the plant. To his dismay, Godell finds that the reactor is being brought up to full power and he grabs a gun from a security guard and forces everyone out, including his friend and co-worker Ted Spindler. Godell demands to be interviewed on television by Kimberly. Plant management agrees to the interview, but only to buy time as they try to control of the plant
The China Syndrome
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The China Syndrome promotional poster
23.
Volpi Cup
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The film festival is part of the Venice Biennale, which was founded by the Venetian City Council in 1895. The film festival has taken place in late August or early September on the island of the Lido, Venice. Screenings take place in the historic Palazzo del Cinema on the Lungomare Marconi, since its inception the Venice Film Festival has grown into one of the most prestigious film festivals in the world. The 74th Venice International Film Festival is scheduled to be held from 30 August to 9 September 2017, the first edition of the Venice Film Festival was carried out from the 6 to the 21 of August in 1932. The festival began with an idea of the president of the Venice Biennale Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata and Luciano De Feo, with good reason, the festival was considered the first international event of its type, receiving strong support from authorities. This first edition was held on the terrace of the Hotel Excelsior on the Venice Lido, and at that stage it was not a competitive event. The very first film to be shown in the history of the Festival was Rouben Mamoulians Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, the second edition was held two years later, from 1 to 20 of August in 1934. For the first time it included a competition, at least 19 countries took part with over 300 accredited journalists. The Mussolini Cup was introduced for best foreign film and best Italian film, other awards were the Great Gold Medals of the National Fascist Association for Entertainment to best actor and actress. The prize for best foreign film went to Robert J. Flahertys Man of Aran and was a confirmation of the taste of the time for auteur documentaries, starting in 1935, the Festival became a yearly event under the direction of Ottavio Croze. The actors award was renamed Volpi Cup, in 1936 an international jury was nominated for the first time and in 1937 the new Cinema Palace, designed by the architect Luigi Quagliata, was inaugurated. The 1940s represent one of the most difficult moments for the review, the conclusion of the Second World War divides the decade in two. Before 1938 political pressures distorted and ruined the festival, in addition, few countries participated and there was an absolute monopoly of institutions and directors that were members of the Rome-Berlin Axis. The festival resumed full speed in 1946, after the war, with the return of normalcy, Venice once again became a great icon of the film world. In 1947 the festival was held at the Doges Palace, a most magnificent backdrop for hosting a record 90 thousand participants, surely it can be considered one of the greatest editions in the history of the festival. For the next twenty years the festival continued its development and expansion in accordance with the plan set in motion after the war. In 1963 the winds of change blow strongly during Luigi Chiarini’s directorship of the festival, during the years of his presidency, Chiarini aspired to renew the spirit and the structures of the festival, pushing for a total reorganization of the entire system. The social and political unrest of 1968 had strong repercussions on the Venice Bienniale, from 1969 to 1979 no prizes were awarded and the festival returned to the non-competitiveness of the first edition
Volpi Cup
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Venice Cinema Palace in 2009
Volpi Cup
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Venice Film Festival
Volpi Cup
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The
Doge's Palace in
Piazza San Marco hosted the 1947 edition.
Volpi Cup
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The 65th Venice International Film Festival
24.
Glengarry Glen Ross (film)
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Glengarry Glen Ross is a 1992 American drama film, adapted by David Mamet from his 1984 Pulitzer Prize- and Tony-winning play of the same name, and directed by James Foley. The film is set in either New York City or Chicago, like the play, the film is notorious for its use of profanity, leading the cast to refer to the film jokingly as Death of a Fuckin Salesman. The title of the film comes from the names of two of the real estate developments being peddled by the characters, Glengarry Highlands and Glen Ross Farms. The world premiere of the film was held at the 49th Venice Film Festival, al Pacino was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor for his work in the film. The film grossed $10.7 million in North America, on a $12.5 million budget. The film depicts two days in the lives of four real estate salesmen who are supplied with leads, the names and phone numbers of prospects, they use deceitful and dubious tactics to make sales. Many of the leads rationed out by the office manager lack either the money or the desire to actually invest in land, Blake is sent by Mitch and Murray, the owners of Premier Properties, to motivate the sales team. Blake unleashes a torrent of abuse on the salesmen and announces that only the top two will be allowed access to the more promising Glengarry leads and the rest of them will be fired. He tries to persuade office manager John Williamson to give him some of the Glengarry leads, Levene tries first to charm Williamson, then to threaten him, and finally to bribe him. Williamson is willing to sell some of the leads. Levene cannot come up with the cash and leaves without any good leads, mosss plan requires Aaronow to break into the office, stage a burglary and steal all of the prime leads. Aaronow wants no part of the plan, but Moss tries to coerce him, at a nearby bar, Ricky Roma, the offices top closer, delivers a long, disjointed but compelling monologue to a meek, middle-aged man named James Lingk. Roma does not broach the subject of a Glengarry Farms real estate deal until he has completely won Lingk over with his speech, framing it as an opportunity rather than a purchase, Roma plays upon Lingks feelings of insecurity. The film then skips to the day when the salesmen come into the office to find that there has been a burglary. Williamson and the police question each of the salesmen in private, after his interrogation, Moss leaves in disgust, only after having one last shouting match with Roma. During the cycle of interrogations, Lingk arrives to tell Roma that his wife has told him to cancel the deal, Levene abets Roma by pretending to be a wealthy investor who just happens to be on his way to the airport. Williamson, unaware of Roma and Levenes stalling tactic, lies to Lingk, upset, Lingk rushes out of the office, and Roma berates Williamson for what he has done. Roma then enters Williamsons office to take his turn being interrogated by the police, Levene, proud of a massive sale he made that morning, takes the opportunity to mock Williamson in private
Glengarry Glen Ross (film)
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Theatrical release poster
25.
Tuesdays with Morrie (film)
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Tuesdays with Morrie is a 1999 television film adaptation of Mitch Alboms book of the same title. It features Jack Lemmon in a role for which he won an Emmy award, Mitch became caught up with his career as a sport commentator and journalist. He ignored his girlfriend and did not make time to do things in life that are of the most value to a human being. Now he has learned that Morrie, one of his old professors, is dying of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, reconnecting with Morrie teaches Mitch a lot about his old friend and himself
Tuesdays with Morrie (film)
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DVD cover
26.
Grumpy Old Men (film)
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Grumpy Old Men is a 1993 American romantic comedy-drama film starring Jack Lemmon, Walter Matthau and Ann-Margret, with Burgess Meredith, Daryl Hannah, Kevin Pollak, Ossie Davis and Buck Henry. Directed by Donald Petrie, the screenplay was written by Mark Steven Johnson, the original music score was composed by Alan Silvestri. This was the film starring both Jack Lemmon and Walter Matthau and their first on-screen pairing since 1981s Buddy Buddy. Retirees John Gustafson, a high school history teacher, and Max Goldman. Their rivalry began decades earlier when John married Maxs high school sweetheart, John and May were happily married for 20 years until her death, and had a daughter, Melanie, who is having marital problems, and a son, Brian, who died in Vietnam. Max went on to marry Amy and had a son, Jacob, Max never regretted marrying Amy, and thought their marriage was the best thing that ever happened to him. Despite their differences, both men lead boring and lonely single lives, and share a love for ice fishing, as well as competing, arguing, insulting, and pulling cruel practical jokes on each other. However, John has a problem that Max doesnt, he owes tens of thousands of dollars in taxes to the Internal Revenue Service. When beautiful college professor Ariel Truax moves in across the street, Max, early on, Ariel spends time with Max, which secretly upsets John. While fighting with Max, John inadvertently opens the door to find Agent Snyder and is forced to meet with him, things do not end all badly for John, however, Ariel decides to cook him dinner and they spend the evening together. As Ariel spends more and more time with John, Max becomes angry, John and Max quarrel, with Max accusing John of stealing Ariel away like he did May. John points out Mays sexual prowess, arguing that he saved Max from an unhappy marriage, although Max agrees, he notes that John will have no way to support Ariel when the IRS takes his house. Maxs attempt at shame works, and John breaks up with Ariel despite having fallen in love with her, Ariel is offended and soon takes up with Max, while John sinks into a deep depression. On Christmas Eve, the depressed John becomes even more upset when he learns that his daughter Melanie has forgiven her husband Michael, whom John dislikes. After trying to convince Melanie to go through with her divorce and fighting with Michael over his mistreatment of Melanie, John storms out of the house, Maxs son, Jacob, witnesses the end of the argument and convinces Max to go talk to John. At the bar, John admits to Max that he loves Ariel, when John decides to go home, Max follows John into the snow, wanting to make things right. By the time Max catches up to John, he finds him in a snow drift, after seeing John in the hospital, Max tells Ariel what happened. She rushes to Johns bedside, and the two reconcile as he recovers, Max decides to step aside and let Ariel be with John
Grumpy Old Men (film)
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Theatrical release poster
27.
Grumpier Old Men
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Grumpier Old Men is a 1995 romantic comedy film, and a sequel to the 1993 film Grumpy Old Men. The film stars Jack Lemmon, Walter Matthau, Ann-Margret, and Sophia Loren, with Burgess Meredith, Daryl Hannah, Kevin Pollak, Katie Sagona, Ann Morgan Guilbert. Grumpier Old Men was directed by Howard Deutch, with the written by Mark Steven Johnson. The film was Merediths final motion picture appearance and he was already suffering from Alzheimers disease and had to be gently coached through his role in the film. The feud between Max and John has cooled and both of them patch things up, and their children, Melanie and Jacob, have become engaged, meanwhile, John is enjoying his marriage to new wife Ariel. The spring and summer fishing season is in full swing with the annual quest to catch Catfish Hunter, a rather large catfish. However, the bait shop closed after Chuck, the previous owner died. Irritated it will no longer be a shop, Max. They are successful at first with their practical jokes, however, when Ariel learns what is going on, she tells John to apologize to Maria at once. He eventually does, but falls asleep at the restaurant after drinking grappa, Max and Maria begin dating due to their shared passion in fishing, while her mother Francesca dates Johns father. To complicate things further, Jacob and Melanie call off their engagement due to stress from their parents involvement, upon hearing the news, John and Max reignite their feud. Ariel is stressed out because of it and leaves John, at the restaurant, Francesca is worried about all the time Maria spends with Max. She reminds her daughter of her five failed marriages and worries that Max will make it six, after being convinced to take a long look at herself, Maria reluctantly stops seeing him. Distraught over losing Ariel, John heads to the lake for his fathers advice, following the funeral, John and Max call off their feud again and John and Ariel reconcile. After realizing that their own inability to plan a wedding is what drove their kids to call it off. They help Jacob and Melanie reconcile, and manage to catch Catfish Hunter and release it, Max marries Maria, and on the way to their honeymoon, discover Maxs one-eyed bulldog, Lucky, in the car with them. Ragettis is reformed so it also be a bait shop. Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 18% based on reviews from 17 critics, roger Ebert gave the film a score of 2 out of 4 stars
Grumpier Old Men
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Theatrical release poster
28.
Newton-Wellesley Hospital
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Newton-Wellesley Hospital is a community teaching medical center located in Newton, Massachusetts on Washington Street. It is affiliated with Tufts University School of Medicine and Harvard Medical School, founded in 1881, part of its campus is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Newton Cottage Hospital Historic District. It is a member of Partners HealthCare, a network founded by Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham, the Hospital offers a range of medical, surgical and specialty care, including maternity services, a 24-hour emergency department and orthopedic, critical care and oncology inpatient units. Newton-Wellesley Hospital, originally called Newton Cottage Hospital, was incorporated in 1881. The idea for the hospital began when a local reverend, George W. Shinn, encouraged the mayor of Newton, Royal M. Pulsifer, nine acres were purchased for the building. The hospital opened its doors on June 5,1886 and admitted its first patient a week later, as a cottage hospital, Newton-Wellesley was built to serve the local population. It consisted of a complex of buildings, radiating from an administrative building. Patients were cared for in windowed ward rooms, one story high, a School of Nursing was established at the hospital in 1888. The first baby was there in 1890. Newton-Wellesley acquired its first X-ray machine in 1902, and an electrocardiograph in 1933, in 1910, the outpatient department was opened at the hospital. Most outpatient departments at the time consisted of a doctor and a nurse, but Newton-Wellesley offered a variety of services, each attended by a specialist. The department had a service, one of only two in the Boston community. A complex of eleven modestly-scaled buildings, most constructed between 1894 and 1908, were the subject of the 1990 Newton Cottage Hospital listing on the National Register of Historic Places, several of the listed buildings have since been demolished. In response to the influx of patients resulting from the combination of World War I and the 1918 influenza pandemic, the hospital erected a number of tents and temporary buildings. Patient records began to be kept in 1920, followed in 1924 by the establishment of a hospital laboratory for bloodwork and urinalyses. In 1955, the first pacemaker operation at the hospital was performed, followed by the first cardiac catheterization in 1993, the Wikstrom Surgical Center opened in 1993, providing 16 operating rooms, pre-operative and post-anesthesia areas, and a permanent MRI suite. In 1999, Newton-Wellesley Hospital joined Partners HealthCare, it affiliated with MassGeneral Hospital for Children in 2001, a number of new centers were created, including the Spine Center, the Waltham Urgent Care Center, and Maxwell Blum Emergency Pavilion and the Vernon Cancer Center. There are 313 available beds and more than 21,000 discharges every year at Newton-Wellesley Hospital, on average, there are 59,000 visits in the emergency room yearly and more than 3,900 babies born
Newton-Wellesley Hospital
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Newton-Wellesley Hospital
Newton-Wellesley Hospital
Newton-Wellesley Hospital
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Newton Cottage Hospital Historic District
29.
Boston
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Boston is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1,1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles with a population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area, this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon U. S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education, through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year, Bostons many firsts include the United States first public school, Boston Latin School, first subway system, the Tremont Street Subway, and first public park, Boston Common. Bostons economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, the city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings. Bostons early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the renaming on September 7,1630 was by Puritan colonists from England who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water. Their settlement was limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River. The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC, in 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colonys first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history, over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their Indian allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century, Bostons harbor activity was significantly curtailed by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812. Foreign trade returned after these hostilities, but Bostons merchants had found alternatives for their investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the economy, and the citys industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance by the mid-19th century. Boston remained one of the nations largest manufacturing centers until the early 20th century, a network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a network of railroads furthered the regions industry. Boston was a port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies
Boston
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From top to bottom, left to right: the
Boston skyline viewed from the
Bunker Hill Monument; the
Museum of Fine Arts;
Faneuil Hall;
Massachusetts State House;
The First Church of Christ, Scientist;
Boston Public Library; the
John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum;
South Station;
Boston University and the
Charles River;
Arnold Arboretum;
Fenway Park; and the
Boston Common
Boston
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State Street, 1801
Boston
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View of Boston from
Dorchester Heights, 1841
Boston
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Scollay Square in the 1880s
30.
Doughnut
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A doughnut or donut is a type of fried dough confectionery or dessert food. The doughnut is popular in countries and prepared in various forms as a sweet snack that can be homemade or purchased in bakeries, supermarkets, food stalls. Doughnuts are usually deep-fried from a dough, and typically either ring-shaped or without a hole. Other types of batters can also be used, and various toppings and flavorings are used for different types, such as sugar, chocolate, or maple glazing. In addition to flour, doughnuts may also include such ingredients as water, leavening, eggs, milk, sugar, oil/shortening, the two most common types are the ring doughnut and the filled doughnut—which is injected with fruit preserves, cream, custard, or other sweet fillings. A small spherical piece of dough may be cooked as a doughnut hole, once doughnuts have been fried, they may be glazed with a sugar icing, spread with icing or chocolate, or topped with powdered sugar or sprinkles or fruit. Other shapes include rings, balls, and flattened spheres, as well as ear shapes, twists, Doughnut varieties are also divided into cake and yeast-risen type doughnuts. Donuts are often accompanied by coffee when they are purchased at shops or fast food restaurants. This smaller piece of dough can be cooked and served as a hole or added back to the batch to make more doughnuts. A disk-shaped doughnut can also be stretched and pinched into a torus until the center breaks to form a hole, alternatively, a doughnut depositor can be used to place a circle of liquid dough directly into the fryer. There are two types of ring doughnuts, those made from a dough for raised doughnuts, or those made from a special type of cake batter. Yeast-raised doughnuts contain about 25% oil by weight, whereas cake doughnuts oil content is around 20%, cake doughnuts are fried for about 90 seconds at approximately 190 °C to 198 °C, turning once. Yeast-raised doughnuts absorb more oil because they take longer to fry, about 150 seconds, cake doughnuts typically weigh between 24 g and 28 g, whereas yeast-raised doughnuts average 38 g and are generally larger, and taller when finished. After frying, ring doughnuts are often topped, raised doughnuts are generally covered with a glaze. Cake doughnuts can also be glazed, or powdered with confectioners sugar, or covered with cinnamon and they are also often topped with cake frosting and sometimes sprinkled with coconut, chopped peanuts, or sprinkles. Doughnut holes are small, bite-sized doughnuts that were made from the dough taken from the center of ring doughnuts. Traditionally, doughnut holes are made by frying the dough removed from the portion of the doughnut. Consequently, they are smaller than a standard doughnut and tend to be spherical
Doughnut
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A
glazed yeast-raised ring doughnut
Doughnut
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A variety of doughnuts
Doughnut
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Doughnuts in a display case
Doughnut
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Tim Hortons "Timbits"
31.
Irish people
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The Irish people are a nation and ethnic group native to the island of Ireland, who share a common Irish ancestry, identity and culture. Ireland has been inhabited for about 9,000 years according to archaeological studies, for most of Irelands recorded history, the Irish have been primarily a Gaelic people. Today, Ireland is made up of the Republic of Ireland, the people of Northern Ireland hold various national identities, including Irish, Northern Irish, British, or some combination thereof. The Irish have their own customs, language, music, dance, sports, cuisine, although Irish was their main language in the past, today the huge majority of Irish people speak English as their first language. Historically, the Irish nation was made up of kin groups or clans, there have been many notable Irish people throughout history. After Irelands conversion to Christianity, Irish missionaries and scholars exerted great influence on Western Europe, the 6th-century Irish monk and missionary Columbanus is regarded as one of the fathers of Europe, followed by saints Cillian and Fergal. The scientist Robert Boyle is considered the father of chemistry, famous Irish writers include Oscar Wilde, W. B. Yeats, George Bernard Shaw, Bram Stoker and James Joyce, notable Irish explorers include Brendan the Navigator, Robert McClure, Ernest Shackleton and Tom Crean. By some accounts, the first European child born in North America had Irish descent on both sides, many presidents of the United States have had some Irish ancestry. The population of Ireland is about 6.3 million, but it is estimated that 50 to 80 million people around the world have Irish forebears, historically, emigration from Ireland has been the result of conflict, famine and economic issues. People of Irish descent are mainly in English-speaking countries, especially the United Kingdom. There are also significant numbers in Argentina, Mexico and New Zealand, the United States has the most people of Irish descent, while in Australia those of Irish descent are a higher percentage of the population than in any other country. Many Icelanders have Irish and Scottish Gaelic forebears, in its summary of their article Who were the Celts. The National Museum Wales notes It is possible that genetic studies of ancient. However, early studies have, so far, tended to produce implausible conclusions from very small numbers of people and using outdated assumptions about linguistics, nineteenth century anthropology studied the physical characteristics of Irish people in minute detail. During the past 10,000 years of inhabitation, Ireland has witnessed some different peoples arrive on its shores, the ancient peoples of Ireland—such as the creators of the Céide Fields and Newgrange—are almost unknown. Neither their languages nor terms they used to describe themselves have survived, as late as the middle centuries of the 1st millennium the inhabitants of Ireland did not appear to have a collective name for themselves. Ireland itself was known by a number of different names, including Banba, Fódla, Ériu by the islanders, Iouerne and Hiverne to the Greeks, other Latin names for people from Ireland in Classic and Mediaeval sources include Attacotti and Gael
Irish people
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Carrowmore tomb, circa 3000 BC
Irish people
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Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish scientist and
father of chemistry, whose family obtained land in the plantations
Irish people
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Finnian of Clonard imparting his blessing to the "
Twelve Apostles of Ireland "
Irish people
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Irish Gaels in a painting from the 16th century
32.
Rivers School
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The Rivers School is an independent, coeducational preparatory school in Weston, Massachusetts. Rivers Middle School program includes grades 6-8, while its Upper School program includes grades 9-12, as of 2014,489 students are enrolled from 70 Massachusetts towns. The Rivers Schools endowment was $22.3 million for the 2014-15 academic year, the school was founded in 1915 as a school for boys at its first location in Brookline, Massachusetts. The founder and first headmaster was Robert W. Rivers, the Country Day School for Boys of Boston merged with Rivers in 1940. The school moved to its present location in Weston in 1960, the Rivers School campus has more than 12 acres of playing fields that includes Waterman Field, a 54, 000-square-foot multi-sport synthetic turf field, as well as six outdoor tennis courts. She approached the Rivers School with the idea of using the then unoccupied former headmaster’s house on the campus of the then all-boys college preparatory school and it was first called the Music School at Rivers, then Rivers School Conservatory. In 1978, the Annual Seminar on Contemporary Music for the Young was established and it was the subject of a WGBH-TV documentary that was broadcast internationally by PBS. Seminar guests have included John Cage, all pieces performed are composed in the 25-year period prior to each seminar. Many were premières and several dozen were commissioned pieces, recent examples include Matineé, The Fantom of the Fair by Libby Larsen. Notable alumni include Matthew Aucoin, whose teacher was Sharon Schoffman, the Boston Globe has reviewed some of its concerts. The robotics team Architechs competes in the FIRST Tech Challenge, having the team number 4176, the Debate and Model UN clubs attend national conferences every year, including the University of Connecticuts Model UN Conference and the New England Region of Junior Statesmen of America debates. The Current, the art and literary magazine, was awarded First Place in the 2013 American Scholastic Press Associations national competition
Rivers School
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"Excellence with Humanity"
33.
Weston, Massachusetts
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Weston is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States in the Boston metro area. The population of Weston, as of the 2010 U. S. Census, was 11,261. Weston is among the 10 most affluent towns with 1,000 or more households in the United States and is the third-most affluent town with a population of at least 10,000 in the United States. Weston is among the nations 100 most expensive ZIP codes, with a median price of well over $2 million. It is the town in the Boston Area to have private roads. Despite a population of just 11,261, Westons area is slightly smaller than that of its neighbor town, Newton. As a result, Westons houses are on much larger than those present in nearby towns. It has one of the lowest crime rates among Metro-west Boston suburbs, Weston was a dry town from 1838 until 2008. Incorporated in 1713, the town is located on an upland plateau. The town of Weston was originally established as the West Precinct of Watertown in 1698, the town was separately incorporated as the town of Weston in 1713. Weston is located on an upland plateau. Early settlers discovered that the amount of agricultural land was limited as was the waterpower potential in the town. By the 18th century, residents were profiting by the traffic on the Boston Post Road, taverns of great historic importance were established on the Road. The Golden Ball Tavern, built in 1750, and the Josiah Smith Tavern, built in 1757, unfortunately, commercial stagnation followed the loss of business after the opening of the Worcester Turnpike in 1810 drew commercial traffic from the Boston Post Road. Townspeople turned to boot and shoe making, and the manufacturing of cotton, by 1870, substantial country estates were being built in Weston by Bostonians, establishing a prosperous residential character for the town. Farming continued to be a significant support for the economy. The Weston Aqueduct and Reservoir were built in 1903 and the Hultman Aqueduct followed in 1938 to bring Quabbin Reservoir water into Boston, in exchange, Boston residents continued to build homes in Weston, many of them architect designed. Some famous architects such as McKim and Richardson designed luxurious houses in the town, which witnessed an increase in population from 1920 to 1935
Weston, Massachusetts
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Town Hall
34.
Phillips Academy
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Phillips Academy Andover is a co-educational university-preparatory school for boarding and day students in grades 9–12, along with a post-graduate year. The school is located in Andover, Massachusetts, United States,25 miles north of Boston, Phillips Academy has 1,122 students, and is a selective school, accepting 13% of applicants. It is part of the Ten Schools Admissions Organization as well as the G20 Schools Group, originally a boarding school for boys, it turned coeducational in 1973, the year in which it merged with its neighbor girls school Abbot Academy. Phillips Academys endowment stood around $800 million in June 2011, the fourth-highest of any American secondary school. On November 14,2012, John G. Palfrey, Jr. Henry N. Ess III Professor of Law and Vice Dean for Library and Information Resources at Harvard Law School, was named the 15th Head of School. Phillips Academy admitted only boys until the school coeducational in 1973, the year of Phillips Academys merger with Abbot Academy. Abbot Academy, founded in 1828, was the first incorporated school for girls in New England, then-headmaster Theodore Sizer oversaw the merger. Andover traditionally educated its students for Yale, just as Phillips Exeter Academy educated its students for Harvard, the Phillipian was first published on July 28,1857, and has been published regularly since 1878. It retains financial and editorial independence from Phillips Academy, having completed a $500,000 endowment drive in 2014, students comprise the editorial board and make all decisions for the paper, consulting with two faculty advisors at their own discretion. The Philomathean Society is the oldest high school debate society in the nation, Phillips Academy also runs a five-week summer session for approximately 600 students entering grades 8 through 12. The two schools maintain a rivalry. The football teams have met every year since 1878, making it the oldest high school rivalry in the country. In 1882, the first high school teams were formed at Phillips Academy, Phillips Exeter Academy. Several figures from the period are associated with the school. George Washington spoke at the school in its first year, John Hancock signed the schools articles of incorporation. The great seal of the school was designed by Paul Revere, the Andover Theological Seminary was independent from Phillips Academy but shared the same board of directors. In 1908, the seminary departed Phillips Academy, leaving behind its key buildings, academic building Pearson Hall, small portions of Andovers campus were laid out by Frederick Law Olmsted, designer of Central Park and himself a graduate of the school. Reveres design of the seal incorporated bees, a beehive
Phillips Academy
–
Non Sibi (Not for One's Self) Finis Origine Pendet (The End Depends Upon the Beginning)
Phillips Academy
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A view of Samuel Phillips Hall and the Bicentennial Statue
Phillips Academy
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Student body, Phillips Andover, 1910
Phillips Academy
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Gelb Science center.
35.
Hasty Pudding Club
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The Hasty Pudding Institute of 1770 is a social club for Harvard students. The Hasty Pudding Club was originally established to bring together undergraduates in friendship, conversation, the society was founded on September 1,1795, by Horace Binney, who was then 15, by calling together a meeting of 21 juniors in the room of Nymphas Hatch. The club is named for the traditional American dish that the founding members ate at their first meeting, each week two members in alphabetical order had to provide a pot of hasty pudding for the Club to enjoy. It is the oldest collegiate social club in America, originally, the Club engaged in holding mock trials, which became more elaborate throughout time. This culminated in a member, Lemuel Hayward, secretly planning to stage a musical on the night he was to host the Clubs meeting, on December 13,1844, Hayward and other members staged Bombastes Furioso in Hollis 11, which began the Hasty Pudding Theatricals. Throughout its history, the Hasty Pudding Club absorbed many others, such as the DKE, in 1925, the Hasty Pudding Club absorbed the Institute of 1770, which was a similar social club. The Institute name is now part of the official title. The Pudding is currently the only club on campus that is coed and has members from all four years. Membership to the club is gained through a series of lunches, cocktail parties, and other gatherings. The Pudding holds its activities in a clubhouse near Harvard Square. These include weekly Members Nights, dinner and cocktail parties, as well as its elaborate theme parties, such as Leather, the current clubhouse contains multiple rooms with specific purposes. Among these rooms is The Arena, which is a room with no windows or openings to the outside world, the Arena is designated as the clubs game room. The club counts five U. S. Presidents among its noteworthy members, conan OBrien has great disdain for the Hasty Pudding Club. National Register of Historic Places listings in Cambridge, Massachusetts Official website
Hasty Pudding Club
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Hasty Pudding Club building
Hasty Pudding Club
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Former location of the Hasty Pudding Club at 12 Holyoke Street, Cambridge, now owned by
Harvard University and still used by the
Hasty Pudding Theatricals
36.
Delphic Club
–
The Delphic Club is an all-male Final Club at Harvard University. It was founded in 1885 when the Grand Council of the Delta Phi fraternity decided to re-establish a fraternity at Harvard known as the Zeta Chapter. The membership voted to become a Final Club in 1900 and in 1902 severed ties with the fraternity to which it had maintained only loose ties. After its creation, there were only a few members, so the club would burn gas lights at all hours to suggest that the club was busy day, as a result, the club earned the nickname of The Gas. A famous, possibly apocryphal, story has it that J. P. Morgan, Jr. class of 1889, according to The Harvard Crimson, he then financed the creation of his own club, the Delphic, from the frat. The club was located at 52 and 59 Brattle St. before moving to 72 Mt. Auburn St. where it was housed from 1887 to 1903. The current home of the club is at 9 Linden St. steps from Harvard Yard and it was designed by James Purdon H1895 in the neo-Georgian style and occupied in 1902-03. The design features the red brick and cornices typical of Harvard Yard, the interior contains numerous large common spaces and an oversize formal dining room on the 2nd floor for large events, no living quarters, and a regulation squash court. In the basement is a living room for entertaining visitors. As with the other Final Clubs, the Delphic is not officially affiliated with Harvard University and is not recognized by the University, the Delphic is governed by a Trust with a Board of Directors composed of alumni. The Final Clubs all operate independently of the University since their founding following the expulsion of fraternities from the campus in the 1850s. However, whatever tenuous association there had been with Harvard was officially severed in 1984 as a consequence of the Title IX provision of the U. S, education Amendments of 1972, which arguably would have required a sex-neutral admissions policy and result. The emergence of all-female Final Clubs since the 1990s has followed the same model, the break was largely symbolic as the clubs already operated independently, but they lost access to the Harvard phone exchange and the ability to buy steam heat from the University. The clubhouse was renovated in 1974-75, which included the walls, interiors and roofs to deal with leaks and this has resulted in litigation between the Delphic Club and Harvard University. The club was founded as the Zeta Chapter of the Delta Phi fraternity, with the opening of the new clubhouse in 1903, after the break from Delta Phi, the undergraduates began calling the club The Gas, after the clubs nickname. This was adopted as the name in 1908 but soon thereafter was changed to The Delphic Club presumably after cooler heads prevailed. The name of the club is a portmanteau of Delta Phi Club which in turn is derived from the name of a by-then defunct fraternity at Harvard, Alpha Delta Phi and the later Delta Phi fraternity. The Alpha Delta Phi name was borrowed by three Harvard Final Clubs - the A. D. Club, the Delphic and the Fly Club, the clubs emblem is three torches on a blue-green field
Delphic Club
–
The Delphic Club
37.
V-12 Navy College Training Program
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The V-12 Navy College Training Program was designed to supplement the force of commissioned officers in the United States Navy during World War II. Between July 1,1943, and June 30,1946, numerous participants attended classes, and lectures at the respective colleges and earned completion degrees for their studies. Some even returned from their obligations to earn a degree from the colleges where they were previously stationed. Running from 1942 to 1944, the ASTP recruits were expected and it was a short course of eight months. The first month was spent at Indoctrination School, a Boot Camp for Officer Candidates that had Marine Corps drill instructors, pre-Midshipmens School was a preparatory four-month course teaching military skills like seamanship, navigation, ordnance, and how to behave like an officer. Midshipmens School itself taught academic skills and was 3 months long, graduates were commissioned as ensigns in the U. S. Naval Reserve and the majority entered into active duty with the U. S. fleet. Marines Marine Corps candidates reported directly to boot camp and were enrolled in a three-month Officer Candidate Course. Once complete, participants were commissioned as lieutenants in the Corps. As a result, some colleges worried they would have to close their doors, helping offset this, the federal government backed U. S. Navy run V-12 Program paid tuition to participating colleges and universities for college courses that were taught to qualified candidates. Those eligible included naval enlisted personnel who were recommended by their officers, Navy and Marine Corps ROTC members. After the V-12 Program was established on July 1,1943, public and private college enrollment increased by 100,000 participants, depending on the V-12 enrollees past college curriculum, they were enrolled in three school terms, or semesters, which lasted four months each. Students were paid $50 per month, required to service uniforms. Captain Arthur S. Adams, from the Training Division of the Bureau of Naval Personnel, was the officer-in-charge of the V-12 program, richard Barrett Lowe, future Governor of Guam and American Samoa, was one of its early commanding officers. The primary purpose of the program was to give prospective Naval officers the benefits of an education in those areas most needed by the Navy. The students were expected to have the benefits of faculty counseling, of extracurricular activities -- in short, the colleges and universities were expected to keep academic standards high and were ultimately placed in charge of the implementation, which was accomplished in six months. This included all details of the such as the length of the college day, scheduling of exercises, meals, recreation, textbooks. And to not have to divert from the outset of the war, in addition World War II was an unprecedented technical challenge for all the armies/navies who fought in it. During the advent of World War II, the U. S. Navy turned to liberal arts colleges to provide an education for their recruits
V-12 Navy College Training Program
–
Alfred J. Eggers served as NASA's Assistant Administrator for Policy from January 1968 through March 1971. After that he accepted a position as Assistant Director for Research Applications at the National Science Foundation. Dr. Eggers came to the NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) Ames Aeronautical Laboratory in 1944 from the Navy's V-12 college program.
38.
United States Navy
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The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U. S. Navy is the largest, most capable navy in the world, the U. S. Navy has the worlds largest aircraft carrier fleet, with ten in service, two in the reserve fleet, and three new carriers under construction. The service has 323,792 personnel on duty and 108,515 in the Navy Reserve. It has 274 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of October 2016, the U. S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy, which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter. It played a role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy. It played the role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan. The 21st century U. S. Navy maintains a global presence, deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific, the Mediterranean. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Navy is itself a division of the Department of Defense, which is headed by the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Naval Operations is an admiral and the senior naval officer of the Department of the Navy. The CNO may not be the highest ranking officer in the armed forces if the Chairman or the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The mission of the Navy is to maintain, train and equip combat-ready Naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression, the United States Navy is a seaborne branch of the military of the United States. The Navys three primary areas of responsibility, The preparation of naval forces necessary for the prosecution of war. The development of aircraft, weapons, tactics, technique, organization, U. S. Navy training manuals state that the mission of the U. S. Armed Forces is to prepare and conduct prompt and sustained combat operations in support of the national interest, as part of that establishment, the U. S. Navys functions comprise sea control, power projection and nuclear deterrence, in addition to sealift duties. It follows then as certain as that night succeeds the day, that without a decisive naval force we can do nothing definitive, the Navy was rooted in the colonial seafaring tradition, which produced a large community of sailors, captains, and shipbuilders. In the early stages of the American Revolutionary War, Massachusetts had its own Massachusetts Naval Militia, the establishment of a national navy was an issue of debate among the members of the Second Continental Congress. Supporters argued that a navy would protect shipping, defend the coast, detractors countered that challenging the British Royal Navy, then the worlds preeminent naval power, was a foolish undertaking. Commander in Chief George Washington resolved the debate when he commissioned the ocean-going schooner USS Hannah to interdict British merchant ships, and reported the captures to the Congress
United States Navy
United States Navy
–
United States Navy portal
United States Navy
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USS Constellation vs L'Insurgente during the
Quasi-War
United States Navy
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USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere during the
War of 1812
39.
Ensign (rank)
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Ensign is a junior rank of a commissioned officer in the armed forces of some countries, normally in the infantry or navy. As the junior officer in a regiment was traditionally the carrier of the ensign flag. This rank has generally replaced in army ranks by second lieutenant. Ensigns were generally the lowest ranking commissioned officer, except where the rank of subaltern existed. In contrast, the Arab rank of ensign, لواء, liwa, derives from the command of units with an ensign, not the carrier of such a units ensign, and is today the equivalent of a major general. Ensign is enseigne in French, and chorąży in Polish, each of which derives from a term for a flag, the Spanish alférez and Portuguese alferes is a junior officer rank below lieutenant associated with carrying the flag, and so is often translated as ensign. Unlike the rank in other languages, its etymology has nothing to do with flags, in the German Landsknecht armies, the equivalent rank of a Cornet existed for those men who carried the troop standard. It is still used in the artillery and cavalry divisions of the Netherlands, the NATO rank code is OF-1. In Argentina, the rank of ensign is used by both the air force and the gendarmerie and it is, however, used differently in the two services. The air force uses the rank for newly qualified officers, while the gendarmerie uses ensign ranks as an equivalent for the armys lieutenant ranks, the other armed forces of Argentina have ranks equivalent to ensign, subteniente in the army and guardiamarina in the navy. In the army, the most junior sublieutenant in a regiment is also the flag carrier, during the Ancien Régime in France, as in other countries, the ensign was the banner of an infantry regiment. As in other countries, the name began to be used for the officers who carried the ensign and it was renamed sub-lieutenant at the end of the 18th century. The Navy used a rank of ensign, which was the first officer rank. It was briefly renamed ship-of-the-line sub-lieutenant in the end of the 18th century, nowadays, the rank is still used in the Marine Nationale, Ship-of-the-line ensign is the name of the two lowest officer ranks Both ranks of ensign use the style lieutenant. However, French-Canadian sub-lieutenants use the form of enseigne instead of lieutenant. The rank ensign is used to refer to second lieutenants in household regiments of the Canadian Army. Fähnrich which has a parallel etymology to ensign, containing the corresponding German word stem of flag in it, is a German, the word Fähnrich comes from an older German military title, Fahnenträger, and first became a distinct military rank on 1 January 1899. The German Fähnrich is a non-commissioned officer promoted from the rank of Fahnenjunker or Seekadett, Fähnrich is equivalent to Feldwebel, but with additional responsibilities as an officer cadet
Ensign (rank)
40.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
World War II
–
Clockwise from top left: Chinese forces in the
Battle of Wanjialing, Australian
25-pounder guns during the
First Battle of El Alamein, German
Stuka dive bombers on the
Eastern Front in December 1943, a U.S. naval force in the
Lingayen Gulf,
Wilhelm Keitel signing the
German Instrument of Surrender, Soviet troops in the
Battle of Stalingrad
World War II
–
The
League of Nations assembly, held in
Geneva,
Switzerland, 1930
World War II
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Adolf Hitler at a German
National Socialist political rally in
Weimar, October 1930
World War II
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Italian soldiers recruited in 1935, on their way to fight the
Second Italo-Abyssinian War
41.
Uta Hagen
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Uta Thyra Hagen was a German American actress and theatre practitioner. She originated the role of Martha in the 1962 Broadway premiere of Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf. by Edward Albee. Because Hagen was on the Hollywood blacklist, in part because of her association with Paul Robeson, her film opportunities dwindled and she twice won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play and received a Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1999. Her most substantial contributions to theatre pedagogy were a series of exercises that built on the work of Konstantin Stanislavski. She was elected to the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 1981, born in Göttingen, Germany, daughter of Thyra A. and Oskar Frank Leonard Hagen, Hagen and her family emigrated to the United States in 1924, when her father received a position at Cornell University. She was raised in Madison, Wisconsin and she appeared in productions of the University of Wisconsin High School and in summer stock productions of the Wisconsin Players. She studied acting briefly at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 1936, after spending one semester at the University of Wisconsin, where her father was the head of the department of art history, she left for New York City in 1937. Her first professional role was as Ophelia opposite Eva Le Gallienne in the role of Hamlet in Dennis. Hagen was cast, early on, as Ophelia by the actress-manager Eva Le Gallienne, from there, Hagen went on to play the leading ingenue role of Nina in a Broadway production of Anton Chekhovs The Seagull which featured Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne. It was 1938, Hagen was just 18 and this experience left an indelible mark on the young actress, as she later reflected, My next job was Nina in The Seagull, with the Lunts, on Broadway. They were an influence on my life. She admired their passion for the theatre, and their discipline and it was a 24-hour-a-day affair, and I never forgot it—never. The New York Times critic Brooks Atkinson hailed her Nina as grace and she took over the role of Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire for the national tour, which was directed not by Elia Kazan who had directed the Broadway production but by Harold Clurman. Hagen had had an experience when she first worked with Clurman in 1947. She played Blanche opposite at least four different Stanley Kowalskis, including Anthony Quinn, through interviews with her and contemporary criticism, the report is that Hagens Blanche refocused the audiences sympathies with Blanche rather than with Stanley. Primarily noted for roles, Hagen won her first Tony Award in 1951 for her performance as the self-sacrificing wife Georgie in Clifford Odets The Country Girl. She won again in 1963 for originating the role of the I-wear-the-pants-in-this-family-because-somebodys-got-to Martha in Edward Albees Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf, in 1981 she was elected to the American Theatre Hall of Fame and in 1999 received a Special Lifetime Achievement Tony Award. Although she appeared in movies, because of the Hollywood blacklist she had more limited output in film and on television
Uta Hagen
–
Hagen with
Paul Robeson in the 1943–1945
Theatre Guild production of
Othello
42.
Double bass
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The double bass, or simply the bass, is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra. It is an instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than sounding to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff. The double bass is the modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths, rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E1, A1, D2. The instruments exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, the double bass is a standard member of the orchestras string section, as well as the concert band, and is featured in concertos, solo and chamber music in Western classical music. The bass is used in a range of genres, such as jazz, 1950s-style blues and rock and roll, rockabilly, psychobilly, traditional country music, bluegrass, tango. The double bass is played either with a bow or by plucking the strings, in orchestral repertoire and tango music, both arco and pizzicato are employed. In jazz, blues, and rockabilly, pizzicato is the norm, Classical music uses just the natural sound produced acoustically by the instrument, so does traditional bluegrass. In jazz, blues, and related genres, the bass is typically amplified with an amplifier and speaker, the double bass stands around 180 cm from scroll to endpin. However, other sizes are available, such as a 1⁄2 or 3⁄4 and these sizes do not reflect the size relative to a full size, or 4⁄4 bass, a 1⁄2 bass is not half the size of a bass but is only slightly smaller. It is typically constructed from several types of wood, including maple for the back, spruce for the top and it is uncertain whether the instrument is a descendant of the viola da gamba or of the violin, but it is traditionally aligned with the violin family. While the double bass is nearly identical in construction to other violin family instruments, like other violin and viol-family string instruments, the double bass is played either with a bow or by plucking the strings. In orchestral repertoire and tango music, both arco and pizzicato are employed, in jazz, blues, and rockabilly, pizzicato is the norm, except for some solos and also occasional written parts in modern jazz that call for bowing. In classical pedagogy, almost all of the focus is on performing with the bow and producing a good bowed tone, some of these articulations can be combined, for example, the combination of sul ponticello and tremolo can produce eerie, ghostly sounds. Classical bass players do play pizzicato parts in orchestra, but these parts generally require simple notes, vibrato is used to add expression to string playing. In general, very loud, low-register passages are played with little or no vibrato, mid- and higher-register melodies are typically played with more vibrato. The speed and intensity of the vibrato is varied by the performer for an emotional and musical effect, in jazz, rockabilly and other related genres, much or all of the focus is on playing pizzicato. In jazz and jump blues, bassists are required to play extremely rapid pizzicato walking basslines for extended periods, as well, jazz and rockabilly bassists develop virtuoso pizzicato techniques that enable them to play rapid solos that incorporate fast-moving triplet and sixteenth note figures. In jazz and related styles, bassists often add semi-percussive ghost notes into basslines, to add to the rhythmic feel and to add fills to a bassline
Double bass
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Side and front views of a modern double bass with a French-style bow
Double bass
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Jazz bassist Ron Carter pictured playing with his Quartet at "Altes Pfandhaus" in Cologne
Double bass
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Example of a Busetto-shaped double bass: Copy of a Matthias Klotz (1700) by Rumano Solano
Double bass
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Principal parts of the double bass
43.
The Lady Takes a Sailor
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The Lady Takes a Sailor is a 1949 comedy film starring Jane Wyman, Eve Arden and Dennis Morgan. Trustworthy head of the Buyers Research Institute, Jennifer Smith, is in need of funding to keep the institute running. It turns out the Tyson Institute is prepared to offer her the funds and she celebrates the success with her friend and business partner Susan Wayne, with whom she runs a cosmetics company, by going to Susans beautiful beach house on Long Island. When Jennifer is out sailing, a storm hits before she can return to shore, Davy claims to be a zoologist, studying the wildlife under the sea surface, and he reluctantly rescues Jennifer by taking her aboard his vehicle. Jennifer suspects that the man isnt who he says he is, Davy finally agrees to put Jennifer ashore, but after he has given her sleeping pills. Once the storm has ended, Davy drops her body on the beach, where she is found by Susan and the Coast Guard, Susan thinks Jennifer has dreamt her encounter with Davy, and dismisses her story about the underwater vehicle. Jennifer tries to prove she isnt crazy, pulling up the pictures of the vehicle from her camera, the word of Jennifers story and probable insanity reaches the Tyson Institute, and they withdraw their offer of funding. Outraged, Jennifer decides to prove them wrong and that Davy and she goes on a search for Davy to restore her credibility and get the funds she has been promised. What Jennifer doesnt know is that Davys real name is Bill Craig, when out one night at a club with her fiancé Ralph Whitcomb, Jennifer spots a woman whose picture were in the underwater vehicle. The woman is a singer named Raquel Riviera, but she denies knowing a Davy Jones, a while later though, Davy/Bill enters the club himself, and Jennifer confronts him, asking for her camera film back. Bill claims she must be mistaken, and he and Raquel leave the club. Determined to find out the truth, Jennifer and Ralph follow the couple, and she doesnt find anything and has to interrupt her search when the couple comes back. Jennifer hires a detective by the name of Henry Duckworth to help her. Bill traps Henry when he and Jennifer are trying to break into the safe in his apartment and he tries to tell her as much as he can, without revealing top secret information, but before Jennifer leaves the apartment, she finds and takes back her film roll. Jennifer is then supposed to meet Susan, Henry and a representative for the Tyson Institute, to clear her name and get her funding, but Bill manages to follow her to the place of the meeting. Bill tries to back the film several times, and the meeting is not very successful. Bill finally gets the film back from Jennifer and runs away in Henrys car, both men return to the meeting, and Bill is asked to his face if Jennifers story is true. Since Jennifer at this point has fallen in love with Bill, she covers for him and she is fired from the institute, and instead begins a new life with Bill
The Lady Takes a Sailor
–
Theatrical release poster
44.
Judy Holliday
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Judy Holliday was an American actress, comedian, and singer. She began her career as part of an act before working in Broadway plays. She appeared regularly in films during the 1950s and she was noted for her performance on Broadway in the musical Bells Are Ringing, winning a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical and reprising her role in the 1960 film. In 1952, Holliday was called to testify before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee to answer claims she was associated with communism. Holliday was born Judith Tuvim in New York City, she was the child of Abe Tuvim and Helen Tuvim. Her father was the Executive Director of the Foundation for the Jewish National Fund of America and she grew up in Sunnyside, Queens, New York, and graduated from Julia Richman High School. Hollidays first job was as an assistant switchboard operator at the Mercury Theatre run by Orson Welles, Holliday began her show business career in 1938 as part of a night-club act called The Revuers. The other members of the group were Betty Comden, Adolph Green, Alvin Hammer, John Frank, the Revuers played engagements at various New York night clubs including the Village Vanguard, Spivys Roof, Blue Angel, Rainbow Room, and Trocadero in Hollywood, California. The group disbanded in early 1944, in 1944, she played a small, but noticeable role as an airmans wife in the Twentieth Century Fox film version of the U. S. Army Air Forces hit play Winged Victory. She did not appear in the version, which toured the U. S. both before and after production of the film. Holliday made her Broadway debut on March 20,1945 at the Belasco Theatre in Kiss Them for Me and was one of the recipients that year of the Clarence Derwent Award, in 1946, she returned to Broadway as the scatterbrained Billie Dawn in Born Yesterday. Author Garson Kanin wrote the play for Jean Arthur, who played the role of Billie out-of-town, Kanin then selected Holliday, two decades Arthurs junior, as her replacement. In his book Tracy and Hepburn, Kanin mentions that when Columbia bought the rights to the film Born Yesterday, Kanin, along with George Cukor, Spencer Tracy, and Katharine Hepburn conspired to promote Holliday by offering her a key part in the 1949 film Adams Rib. She received rave reviews for her performance in Born Yesterday on Broadway, and Cohn offered her the chance to repeat her role for the film version, but only after she did a screen test. In 1954, she starred opposite then-newcomer Jack Lemmon in his first two films, the popular comedies It Should Happen to You and Phffft. George Cukor said Holliday had, In common with the great comedians. that depth of emotion, that unexpectedly touching emotion, in 1950, Holliday was the subject of an FBI investigation looking into allegations she was a Communist. The investigation did not reveal positive evidence of any membership in the Communist Party and was concluded after three months, unlike many others tainted by the Communist investigation. In 1952, she was called to testify before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee to explain why her name had been linked to Communist front organizations and she was advised to play dumb, which she did very well
Judy Holliday
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Judy Holliday in 1950.
Judy Holliday
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Holliday in her dressing room, Los Angeles Civic Light Opera, 1959
Judy Holliday
–
The grave of Holliday in
Westchester Hills Cemetery
Judy Holliday
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The footstone at Judy Holliday's grave
45.
It Should Happen to You
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It Should Happen to You is a romantic comedy film starring Judy Holliday and Peter Lawford, and notable as the first major screen appearance of Jack Lemmon, who was then an aspiring young actor. The film was directed by George Cukor and filmed on location in New York City, screenwriter Garson Kanin originally intended the script as a vehicle for Danny Kaye, but Kanins wife, Ruth Gordon, suggested casting Judy Holliday instead. The title was initially A Name for Herself, Lemmon had a contentious meeting with studio boss Harry Cohn, who feared that critics might use jokes about the name Lemmon in headlines panning the film. He wanted Lemmon to change his name to Lennon, Lemmon countered that if he did that people might confuse his name with Lenin and associate his name with communism, a very real concern in the 1950s. The script, by Garson Kanin, is about a young woman named Gladys Glover who yearns for fame. Strolling through Central Park, she meets a handsome man named Pete Sheppard. He is a maker of documentaries and he is taking brief shots of people in the park. He films Gladys feeding pigeons and introduces himself, in a rapid piece of exposition, we learn Gladys has been in New York City for two years, coming from a job at a shoe factory in Binghamton, New York. She has just lost her job as a model of girdles, because her hip size is 3/4 larger than it should be, and still has the $1000, Gladys is discouraged at having gotten nowhere in two years and she wants to make a name for herself. It is clear Pete is taken by Gladys and he gets her address by offering to drop her a postcard when the documentary is finished so she can see herself in it. She says, Id give my right arm to see myself in the movies and you dont need to give me your right arm, says Pete, just give me your right address. Pete encourages Gladys to follow her dreams, Where theres a will theres a way, wandering despondently, Gladys attention is caught by a large billboard overlooking Columbus Circle with the notice, This space for rent. Inquire Horace Pfeiffer Co,383 Madison Avenue and she fantasizes about her name being on the billboard and gathering up the nerve she goes to 383 Madison Avenue to inquire about the billboard. Gladys asks for Mr. Horace Puh-feiffer, pronouncing the letter P, the spunky Gladys pulls $1000 in cash from her purse, complains that the man is too stuck up to listen to her, asks What sort of place treats people that way and starts to leave. The representative relents and tells her the sign is $210 per month, Gladys pays $630 in cash and arranges to have her name put on the billboard. Within a few days the sign is up and she is thrilled, however, it turns out the Adams Soap company has traditionally booked the sign and is upset to learn that another client has obtained it. The Pfeiffer company calls Gladys to a meeting where Evan Adams III attempts to induce her to give up the sign by offering her more money and she is called to another meeting and is offered six signs in exchange for the one. Now, there are six huge signs in New York, one in lights, meanwhile, Pete Sheppard has taken an apartment adjacent to Gladys, a move which does not seem to rouse her curiosity, and the two become platonic friends
It Should Happen to You
–
DVD Cover
46.
Marilyn Monroe
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Marilyn Monroe was an American actress and model. Famous for playing comic dumb blonde characters, she one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s. Although she was an actress for only a decade, her films grossed $200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962. She continues to be considered a popular culture icon. Born and raised in Los Angeles, Monroe spent most of her childhood in foster homes, while working in a factory in 1944 as part of the war effort, she was introduced to a photographer from the First Motion Picture Unit and began a successful pin-up modeling career. The work led to short-lived film contracts with Twentieth Century-Fox and Columbia Pictures, after a series of minor film roles, she signed a new contract with Fox in 1951. Over the next two years, she became an actress with roles in several comedies, including As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business. Monroe faced a scandal when it was revealed that she had posed for photos before becoming a star, but rather than damaging her career. Although she played a significant role in the creation and management of her public image throughout her career, she was disappointed at being typecast and underpaid by the studio. She was briefly suspended in early 1954 for refusing a film project, when the studio was still reluctant to change her contract, Monroe founded a film production company in late 1954, she named it Marilyn Monroe Productions. She dedicated 1955 to building her company and began studying acting at the Actors Studio. In late 1955, Fox awarded her a new contract, which gave her more control and a larger salary. After a critically acclaimed performance in Bus Stop and acting in the first independent production of MMP, The Prince and her last completed film was the drama The Misfits. Monroes troubled private life received much attention and she struggled with substance abuse, depression, and anxiety. She had two highly publicized marriages, to retired baseball star Joe DiMaggio and playwright Arthur Miller, both of which ended in divorce and she died at the age of 36 on August 5,1962, from an overdose of barbiturates at her home in Los Angeles. Although Monroes death was ruled a suicide, several conspiracy theories have been proposed in the decades following her death. Monroe was born Norma Jeane Mortenson at the Los Angeles County Hospital on June 1,1926, Gladys, the daughter of two poor Midwestern migrants to California, was a flapper and worked as a film negative cutter at Consolidated Film Industries. When she was fifteen, Gladys married a man nine years her senior, John Newton Baker and she filed for divorce in 1921, and Baker took the children with him to his native Kentucky
Marilyn Monroe
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Studio publicity photograph
Marilyn Monroe
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A 1955 copy of Monroe's birth certificate, listing her name as Norma Jeane Mortenson
Marilyn Monroe
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Monroe photographed by
David Conover while she was still working at the Radioplane factory in late 1944
Marilyn Monroe
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Monroe as gangster's moll Angela in
John Huston 's
The Asphalt Jungle (1950), one of her first performances to be noted by the critics
47.
Natalie Wood
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Natalie Wood was an American film and television actress. She was known for her roles in Miracle on 34th Street, Splendor in the Grass, Rebel Without a Cause, The Searchers. She first worked in films as a child, then became a successful Hollywood star as a young adult, receiving three Academy Award nominations before she was 25 years old. Wood began acting in movies at the age of four and, as a teenager, her performance in Rebel Without a Cause earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She starred in the musical films West Side Story and Gypsy and her career continued with films such as Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice. After this, she took a break from acting and had two children with different husbands, appearing in three theatrical films during the 1970s. She was married to actor Robert Wagner twice, and to producer Richard Gregson and she had one daughter with Gregson, actress Natasha Gregson Wagner. Wood gave birth to Courtney Wagner during her marriage to Wagner. Her younger sister Lana Wood is also an actress, Wood starred in several television productions, including a remake of the film From Here to Eternity for which she won a Golden Globe Award. During her career, her films represented a coming of age for both her and Hollywood films in general, Natalie Wood was born Natalia Zakharenko in San Francisco, to Russian immigrant parents Maria Stepanovna and Nikolai Stepanovich Zakharenko. As an adult, she stated, Im very Russian, you know and she spoke both English and Russian with an American accent. Her father Nikolai Zakharenko was born in Vladivostok, as a child he immigrated with his mother and two brothers to Montreal, Quebec, and later to San Francisco. There, he worked as a day laborer and carpenter, Natalias mother was born in Barnaul, southern Siberia. Her father Stepan worked in a factory in Russia. He was killed in fighting between Red and White Russian soldiers in 1918 during the Russian Revolution. After Stepans death, Marias mother left the country with her children, Maria married in China and had a daughter, known as Olga Viripaeff, whom she brought into her household after her second marriage. Natalie liked to describe her family as having been either gypsies or landowning aristocrats in Russia, in her youth, her mother had dreamed of becoming an actress or ballet dancer. Natalie and her sisters were raised Russian Orthodox Christian and remained in the church, biographer Warren Harris writes that under the familys needy circumstances, her mother may have transferred those ambitions to her middle daughter, Natalia
Natalie Wood
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Wood in 1973
Natalie Wood
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Wood in Splendor in the Grass, 1961
Natalie Wood
–
With
Peter Falk in
Penelope (1966)
Natalie Wood
–
Wood in 1979
48.
Betty Grable
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Elizabeth Ruth Betty Grable was an American actress, pin-up girl, dancer, and singer. Her 42 movies during the 1930s and 1940s grossed more than $100 million, the U. S. Treasury Department in 1946 and 1947 listed her as the highest-salaried American woman, she earned more than $3 million during her career. Grable began her career in 1929 at age 12, after which she was fired from a contract when it was learned she signed up under false identification. She had contracts with RKO and Paramount Pictures during the 1930s, Grable came to prominence in the Broadway musical DuBarry Was a Lady, which brought her to the attention of 20th Century-Fox. She replaced Alice Faye in Down Argentine Way, her first major Hollywood film, Fox cast Grable in a succession of Technicolor musicals during the decade that were immensely popular, co-starring with such leading men as Victor Mature, Don Ameche, John Payne, and Tyrone Power. In 1943, she was the number-one box-office draw in the world and, in 1947, two of her biggest film successes were the musical Mother Wore Tights and the comedy How to Marry a Millionaire, one of her last films. Grable retired from acting in 1955 after she withdrew from her Fox contract, although she continued to perform on the stage. Throughout her career, Grable was a sex symbol. Her bathing suit poster made her the number-one pin-up girl of World War II and it was later included in the Life magazine project 100 Photographs that Changed the World. Hosiery specialists of the era often noted the ideal proportions of her legs as thigh, calf, Grables legs were famously insured by her studio for $1 million as a publicity stunt. Elizabeth Ruth Grable was born on December 18,1916 in St. Louis and she was the youngest of three children born to Lillian Rose and John Charles Grable, a stockbroker. She had Dutch, English, German, and Irish and ancestry, nicknamed Betty as a child, she was pressured by her mother—a stubborn and materialistic woman—to become a performer. She was entered in multiple beauty contests, many of which she won or for which she achieved considerable attention, despite her success, she suffered from a fear of crowds and sleepwalking. A 12-year-old Grable and her mother traveled to Hollywood in 1929, shortly after the stock market crash. To get her daughter jobs, Lillian Grable lied about her daughters age, claiming she was 15 to movie producers, the same year, after assuming the stage name Betty Grable, she made her film debut in Happy Days. This eventually led to her having small roles in Lets Go Places, in 1930, at age 13, Grable began a partnership with producer Samuel Goldwyn, she thereby became one of the original Goldwyn Girls, along with Lucille Ball, Virginia Bruce, and Paulette Goddard. As a member of the group of attractive young starlets, Grable appeared in a series of small parts in movies. Although she received no credit for her performance, she led the films opening musical number
Betty Grable
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Grable in 1951
Betty Grable
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Grable and
Carmen Miranda in hit
Springtime in the Rockies (1942)
Betty Grable
–
Grable's iconic pose from 1943 was a World War II bestseller, showing off her "Million Dollar Legs".
Betty Grable
–
with
Marilyn Monroe (left) and
Lauren Bacall (right) in
How to Marry a Millionaire (1953)
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