1.
Amarillo, Texas
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Amarillo is the 14th-most populous city in the state of Texas, in the United States. It is also the largest city in the Texas Panhandle, a portion of the city extends into Randall County. The population was 190,695 at the 2010 census, the Amarillo metropolitan area has an estimated population of 236,113 in four counties. Amarillo, originally named Oneida, is situated in the Llano Estacado region, the availability of the railroad and freight service provided by the Fort Worth and Denver City Railroad contributed to the citys growth as a cattle-marketing center in the late 19th century. The city was once the self-proclaimed Helium Capital of the World for having one of the countrys most productive helium fields, the city is also known as The Yellow Rose of Texas, and most recently Rotor City, USA for its V-22 Osprey hybrid aircraft assembly plant. Amarillo operates one of the largest meat-packing areas in the United States, Pantex, the only nuclear weapons assembly and disassembly facility in the country, is also a major employer. The location of this facility also gave rise to the nickname Bomb City, the attractions Cadillac Ranch and Big Texan Steak Ranch are located adjacent to Interstate 40. U. S. Highway 66 also passed through the city, large ranches exist in the Amarillo area, among others, the defunct XIT Ranch and the still functioning JA Ranch founded in 1877 by Charles Goodnight and John George Adair. Goodnight continued the partnership for a time after Adairs death with Adairs widow, Cornelia Wadsworth Ritchie Adair, who was then the sole owner from 1887 until her death in 1921. Berry established a site for a town after he chose a section along the way of the Fort Worth and Denver City Railroad. Berry and Colorado City, Texas, merchants wanted to make their new site the regions main trading center. On August 30,1887, Berrys town site won the county seat election and was established in Potter County, availability of the railroad and freight service after the county seat election made the town a fast-growing cattle-marketing center. Early residents originally pronounced the name more similar to the Spanish pronunciation /ˌɑːməˈriːjoʊ/ ah-mə-REE-yoh. On June 19,1888, Henry B, sanborn also offered to trade lots in the new location to businesses in the original citys site and help with the expense of moving to new buildings. His incentives gradually won over people, who moved their businesses to Polk Street in the new commercial district, heavy rains almost flooded Berrys part of the town in 1889, prompting more people to move to Sanborns location. This eventually led to another county seat election making Sanborns town the new county seat in 1893, by the late 1890s, Amarillo had emerged as one of the worlds busiest cattle-shipping points, and its population grew significantly. The city became an elevator, milling, and feed-manufacturing center after an increase in production of wheat. Discovery of natural gas in 1918 and oil three years later brought oil and gas companies to the Amarillo area, the United States government bought the Cliffside Gas Field with high helium content in 1927 and the Federal Bureau of Mines began operating the Amarillo Helium plant two years later
2.
Santa Monica, California
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Santa Monica is a beachfront city in western Los Angeles County, California, United States. The Census Bureau population for Santa Monica in 2010 was 89,736, due in part to an agreeable climate, Santa Monica became a famed resort town by the early 20th century. The city has experienced a boom since the late 1980s through the revitalization of its core, significant job growth. The Santa Monica Pier remains a popular and iconic destination, Santa Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language, the first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3,1769. Named after the Christian saint Monica, there are two different accounts of how the name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica, another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her sons early impiety. In Los Angeles, several battles were fought by the Californios, following the Mexican–American War, Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which gave Mexicans and Californios living in state certain unalienable rights. US government sovereignty in California began on February 2,1848, in the 1870s the Los Angeles and Independence Railroad, connected Santa Monica with Los Angeles, and a wharf out into the bay. The first town hall was a modest 1873 brick building, later a beer hall and it is Santa Monicas oldest extant structure. By 1885, the towns first hotel was the Santa Monica Hotel, around the start of the 20th century, a growing population of Asian Americans lived in and around Santa Monica and Venice. A Japanese fishing village was near the Long Wharf while small numbers of Chinese lived or worked in Santa Monica, the two ethnic minorities were often viewed differently by White Americans who were often well-disposed towards the Japanese but condescending towards the Chinese. The Japanese village fishermen were an economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community. Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. built a plant in 1922 at Clover Field for the Douglas Aircraft Company, in 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world. Two planes returned after covering 27,553 miles in 175 days, the Douglas Company kept facilities in the city until the 1960s. The Great Depression hit Santa Monica deeply, one report gives citywide employment in 1933 of just 1,000. Hotels and office building owners went bankrupt, in the 1930s, corruption infected Santa Monica. The federal Works Project Administration helped build several buildings, most notably City Hall, the main Post Office and Barnum Hall were also among other WPA projects
3.
Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City
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Holy Cross Cemetery is a Roman Catholic cemetery at 5835 West Slauson Avenue in Culver City, California, United States, operated by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles. It is partially in the Culver City city limits, opened in 1939, Holy Cross comprises 200 acres. It contains—amongst others—the graves and tombs of showbusiness professionals, many celebrities are in the sections near The Grotto in the southwest part of the cemetery, after entering the main gate, turn left and follow the leftmost road up the hill. Use the following links to find someone. Vince Edwards, actor Richard Egan, actor John Fante, novelist, short-story, dixie Lee, actress, dancer and singer. Monaco, composer Ricardo Montalbán, actor Carlotta Monti, actress Thelma Morgan, socialite, twin sister of Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt, geological Survey Geographic Names Information System, Holy Cross Cemetery
4.
University of Texas at Austin
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Founded in 1881 as The University of Texas, its campus is in Austin, Texas—approximately 1 mile from the Texas State Capitol. The institution has the nations seventh-largest single-campus enrollment, with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and over 24,000 faculty, UT Austin was inducted into the American Association of Universities in 1929, becoming only the third university in the American South to be elected. It is a center for academic research, with research expenditures exceeding $550 million for the 2014–2015 school year. J. Pickle Research Campus and the McDonald Observatory, among university faculty are recipients of the Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize, the Wolf Prize, the Emmy Award, the Turing Award, and the National Medal of Science, as well as many other awards. UT Austin student athletes compete as the Texas Longhorns and are members of the Big 12 Conference and its Longhorn Network is the only sports network featuring the college sports of a single university. The first mention of a university in Texas can be traced to the 1827 constitution for the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. Although Title 6, Article 217 of the Constitution promised to establish education in the arts and sciences. On April 18,1838, An Act to Establish the University of Texas was referred to a committee of the Texas Congress. On January 26,1839, the Texas Congress agreed to set aside fifty leagues of land towards the establishment of a publicly funded university, in addition,40 acres in the new capital of Austin were reserved and designated College Hill. In 1845, Texas was annexed into the United States, interestingly, the states Constitution of 1845 failed to mention higher education. On February 11,1858, the Seventh Texas Legislature approved O. B,102, an act to establish the University of Texas, which set aside $100,000 in United States bonds toward construction of the states first publicly funded university. The legislature also designated land reserved for the encouragement of railroad construction toward the universitys endowment, Texas secession from the Union and the American Civil War delayed repayment of the borrowed monies. At the end of the Civil War in 1865, The University of Texas endowment was just over $16,000 in warrants, the more valuable lands reverted to the fund to support general education in the state. The legislature additionally appropriated $256,272.57 to repay the funds taken from the university in 1860 to pay for frontier defense, the 1883 grant of land increased the land in the Permanent University Fund to almost 2.2 million acres. Under the Act of 1858, the university was entitled to just over 1,000 acres of land for every mile of railroad built in the state. On March 30,1881, the legislature set forth the structure and organization. By popular election on September 6,1881, Austin was chosen as the site, galveston, having come in second in the election was designated the location of the medical department. On November 17,1882, on the original College Hill, smite the earth, smite the rocks with the rod of knowledge and fountains of unstinted wealth will gush forth
5.
Tyler, Texas
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Tyler is a city in and the county seat of Smith County, Texas, United States. This city had a population of 96,900 in 2010, tylers 2014 estimated population is 107,405. It is 100 miles east-southeast of Dallas, Tyler has the nickname Rose Capital of the World. It gained this name due to the quantity of roses processed through the area. Tyler is also home to the Caldwell Zoo and Broadway Square Mall, Tyler is located at 32°20′03″N 95°18′00″W at 544 feet above sea level. Tyler is surrounded by smaller cities, including Whitehouse, Lindale, New Chapel Hill, Bullard, Edom, Brownsboro. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 54.4 square miles. Tyler experiences weather typical of East Texas, which is unpredictable, all of East Texas has the humid subtropical climate typical of the American South. The record high for Tyler is 115 °F, which occurred in 2011, the record low for Tyler is −3 °F, which occurred on January 18,1930. As of the 2010 census,96,900 people resided in the city of Tyler, the population density was 1,782.0 people per square mile. The 41,742 housing units averaged a density of 716.7 per mi2. The racial makeup of the city was,60. 5% White,24. 8% Black,0. 5% Native American,1. 9% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,10. 3% from other races, and 2. 0% from two or more races. About 21. 2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, the median income for the city was $42,752 and the poverty rate was 19. 5%. In place for nearly 70 years, the Health District became an entity in 1994. With a stated vision To be the Healthiest Community in Texas, the Health District has a broad range of services and responsibilities dedicated to their mission, To Protect, Promote, and Provide for the Health of Our Community. Tyler is represented in the Texas Senate by Republican Kevin Eltife, District 1, the Texas Twelfth Court of Appeals is located in Tyler. The Texas Department of Criminal Justice operates the Region I Parole Division Office, senators from Texas are Republicans John Cornyn and Ted Cruz, Tyler is part of Texas US Congressional 1st District, which is currently represented by Republican Louie Gohmert. The United States Postal Service operates several post offices in Tyler, including Tyler, Azalea, Southeast Crossing, several Tyler schools offer international baccalaureate and advanced placement programs
6.
Bonita Granville
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Bonita Granville was an American film actress and television producer. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 1936 for her performance in These Three and she was born on February 2,1923 in New York City, the daughter of Rosina and Bernard Bunny Granville. Both of her parents were stage performers, over the next couple of years, she played uncredited supporting roles in such films as Little Women and Anne of Green Gables. She next played the role of Mary Tilford in the 1936 film adaptation of Lillian Hellmans 1934 stage play The Childrens Hour, renamed These Three, the film told the story of three adults who find their lives almost destroyed by the malicious lies of an evil attention-seeking child. For her role as child, Granville was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Despite this success, and although she continued to work, the few years brought her few opportunities to build her career. In 1938, she starred as the saucy mischievous daughter in the multi-Academy Awards nominated hit comedy film Merrily We Live and as girl detective Nancy Drew in the hit film Nancy Drew, Detective. The Nancy Drew film success led to Granville reprising the role in three sequels from 1938 to 1939, including Nancy Drew and she is also remembered for her starring role in the World War II anti-Nazism film Hitlers Children. Her career began to fade by the mid-1940s and she was the heroine of the novel Bonita Granville and the Mystery of Star Island written by Kathryn Heisenfelt, published by Whitman Publishing Company in 1942. The novels subtitle is An original story featuring BONITA GRANVILLE famous motion-picture player as the heroine, the story was probably written for a young teenage audience and is reminiscent of the adventures of Nancy Drew. It is part of a known as Whitman Authorized Editions,16 books published between 1941-1947 that featured a film actress as heroine. On February 5,1947 Granville married Jack Wrather at the Bel-Air Hotel and he had produced some of her films. He formed the Wrather Corporation, and bought the rights to characters from both The Lone Ranger and Lassie, Granville worked as a producer for several film and television productions featuring these characters, including the 1954 TV series Lassie. She appeared in the version of The Lone Ranger in 1956. In 1949, she appeared with Rod Cameron in the comedy film Strike It Rich, filmed about Tyler, Kilgore, the marriage lasted until Wrathers death in 1984, shortly after release of the movie The Magic of Lassie, which starred Wrathers pal James Stewart. Granville died on October 11,1988 of lung cancer at Saint Johns Health Center in Santa Monica, California and she was buried at the Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California. Their children are daughters Molly and Linda, and sons Jack, Jack and Molly were from Wrathers previous marriage to Mollie ODaniel, a daughter of Governor of Texas and U. S. Bonita Granville has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, at 6607 Hollywood Boulevard and she was honored at the Disneyland Hotel, which Jack Wrather owned until it was sold to the Walt Disney Company
7.
Petroleum
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Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earths surface, which is commonly refined into various types of fuels. Components of petroleum are separated using a technique called fractional distillation and it consists of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other organic compounds. The name petroleum covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil and petroleum products that are made up of refined crude oil. A fossil fuel, petroleum is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock, Petroleum has mostly been recovered by oil drilling. Drilling is carried out studies of structural geology, sedimentary basin analysis. Petroleum is used in manufacturing a variety of materials. Concern over the depletion of the earths finite reserves of oil, the burning of fossil fuels plays the major role in the current episode of global warming. The word petroleum comes from Greek, πέτρα for rocks and Greek, the term was found in 10th-century Old English sources. It was used in the treatise De Natura Fossilium, published in 1546 by the German mineralogist Georg Bauer, Petroleum, in one form or another, has been used since ancient times, and is now important across society, including in economy, politics and technology. Great quantities of it were found on the banks of the river Issus, ancient Persian tablets indicate the medicinal and lighting uses of petroleum in the upper levels of their society. By 347 AD, oil was produced from bamboo-drilled wells in China, early British explorers to Myanmar documented a flourishing oil extraction industry based in Yenangyaung that, in 1795, had hundreds of hand-dug wells under production. The mythological origins of the oil fields at Yenangyaung, and its hereditary monopoly control by 24 families, Pechelbronn is said to be the first European site where petroleum has been explored and used. The still active Erdpechquelle, a spring where petroleum appears mixed with water has been used since 1498, Oil sands have been mined since the 18th century. In Wietze in lower Saxony, natural asphalt/bitumen has been explored since the 18th century, both in Pechelbronn as in Wietze, the coal industry dominated the petroleum technologies. In 1848 Young set up a small business refining the crude oil, Young eventually succeeded, by distilling cannel coal at a low heat, in creating a fluid resembling petroleum, which when treated in the same way as the seep oil gave similar products. The production of oils and solid paraffin wax from coal formed the subject of his patent dated 17 October 1850. In 1850 Young & Meldrum and Edward William Binney entered into partnership under the title of E. W. Binney & Co. at Bathgate in West Lothian, the worlds first oil refinery was built in 1856 by Ignacy Łukasiewicz. The demand for petroleum as a fuel for lighting in North America, edwin Drakes 1859 well near Titusville, Pennsylvania, is popularly considered the first modern well
8.
Lone Ranger
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The Lone Ranger is a fictional masked former Texas Ranger who fought outlaws in the American Old West with his Native American friend, Tonto. The character has been called an icon of American culture. He first appeared in 1933 in a show conceived either by WXYZ radio station owner George W. Trendle, or by Fran Striker. The radio series proved to be a hit and spawned a series of books, a popular television show that ran from 1949 to 1957, comic books. The title character was played on the show by George Seaton, Earle Graser. Clayton Moore portrayed the Lone Ranger on television, although during a dispute, Moore was replaced temporarily by John Hart. The Lone Ranger was named so because the character is the survivor of a group of six Texas Rangers. While details differ, the story of the origin of the Lone Ranger is the same in most versions of the franchise. Later, an Indian named Tonto stumbles onto the scene and discovers one ranger is barely alive, in some versions, Tonto recognizes the lone survivor as the man who saved his life when they both were children. According to the series, when Tonto left the Reid place with a horse given him by the boy Reid, he gave Reid a ring and the name Kemo Sabe. Among the Rangers killed was the older brother, Daniel Reid, who was a captain in the Texas Rangers. To conceal his identity and honor his brother, Reid fashions a black domino mask from the material of his brothers vest. To aid in the deception, Tonto digs a grave and places at its head a cross bearing Reids name so that Cavendish. In many versions Reid continues fighting for justice as The Lone Ranger even after the Cavendish gang is captured, as generally depicted, the Lone Ranger conducts himself by a strict moral code based on that put in place by Striker at the inception of the character. That to have a friend, a man must be one and that all men are created equal and that everyone has within himself the power to make this a better world. That God put the firewood there, but that man must gather. In being prepared physically, mentally, and morally to fight when necessary for what is right and that a man should make the most of what equipment he has. That this government of the people, by the people, and that men should live by the rule of what is best for the greatest number
9.
Lassie (1954 TV series)
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Lassie is an American television series that follows the adventures of a female Rough Collie dog named Lassie and her companions, both human and animal. The show was the creation of producer Robert Maxwell and animal trainer Rudd Weatherwax and was televised from September 12,1954, initially filmed in black and white, the show transitioned to color in 1965. The shows first 10 seasons follow Lassies adventures in a farming community. Fictional eleven-year-old Jeff Miller, his mother, and his grandfather are Lassies first human companions until seven-year-old Timmy Martin, when Lassies exploits on the farm end in the eleventh season, she finds new adventures in the wilderness alongside United States Forest Service Rangers. After traveling on her own for a year, Lassie finally settles at a home for her final two syndicated seasons. Lassie received critical favor at its debut and won two Emmy Awards in its first years, stars Jan Clayton and June Lockhart were nominated for Emmys. Merchandise produced during the run included books, a Halloween costume, clothing, toys. Campbells Soup, the shows sponsor, offered two premiums, and distributed thousands to fans. A multi-part episode was edited into the feature film Lassies Great Adventure, selected episodes have been released to DVD. Between 1943 and 1951, fictional collie Lassie was the inspiration for seven MGM feature films, with completion of the seventh film in 1951, the studio planned no further films for the Lassie character or Pal, the dog actor who portrayed the character. Needing material for the new medium of television, producer Robert Maxwell sold Weatherwax on the concept of a Lassie television series with a boy. The two men developed a scenario about a war widow, her young son, and her father-in-law set on a weather-beaten. After viewing the pilots, CBS put the show on its fall 1954 schedule, Campbells Soup Company signed on early as the shows sole sponsor and remained so for the shows entire run. Filming for the series began in the summer of 1954, and Lassie made its début Sunday, September 12,1954, at 7,00 p. m. EST, a time slot the show would call home on CBS for the next seventeen years. The show focused on conservation and environmentalism, but its relevance in a time of change was questioned. The show began a decline in ratings. In 1971, new rulings regarding network prime time scheduling were handed down from the Federal Communications Commission, Lassie then entered first-run syndication for two seasons before televising its last new episode on Sunday March 25,1973. The shows title character is portrayed in the two pilots by Pal, the MGM film Lassie, thereafter, five of his male descendants played the role
10.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
11.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
12.
Governor
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A governor is, in most cases, a public official with the power to govern the executive branch of a non-sovereign or sub-national level of government, ranking under the head of state. In federations, governor may be the title of a politician who governs a constituent state and these companies operate as a major state within a state with its own armed forces. For example, in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries, there are governors, school governors. The adjective pertaining to a governor is gubernatorial, from the Latin root gubernyare, the historical female form is governess, though female officials are referred to by the gender-neutral form governor of the noun to avoid confusion with other meanings of the term. Indeed, many regions of the pre-Roman antiquity were ultimately replaced by Roman standardized provincial governments after their conquest by Rome, in Pharaonic times, the governors of each of the various provinces in the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt are usually known by the Greek word. The core function of a Roman governor was as a magistrate or judge, and the management of taxation, under the Republic and the early Empire, however, a governor also commanded military forces in his province. Republican governors were all men who had served in senior magistracies in Rome in the previous year, a special case was Egypt, a rich private domain and vital granary, where the Emperor almost inherited the theocratic status of a Pharaoh. The Emperor was represented there by a sui generis styled praefectus augustalis. Otherwise, the governors of provinces had various titles, some known as consularis, apart from Egypt and the East, each diocese was directed by a governor known as a vicarius. The prefectures were directed by praefecti praetorio and this system survived with few significant changes until the collapse of the empire in the West, and in the East, the breakdown of order with the Persian and Arab invasions of the seventh century. At that stage, a new kind of governor emerged, the Strategos, today, crown colonies of the United Kingdom continue to be administered by a governor, who holds varying degrees of power. Because of the different constitutional histories of the colonies of the United Kingdom. Administrators, Commissioners and High Commissioners exercise similar powers to Governors, frequently the name Government House is given to Governors residences. The term can also be used in a generic sense, especially for compound titles which include it, Governor-general. In the United Kingdoms remaining overseas territories, the governor is normally a direct appointee of the British Government, the Governors chief responsibility is for the Defence and External Affairs of the colony. In some minor overseas territories, instead of a Governor, there is an Administrator or Commissioner, in Australia, each state has the governor as its formal representative of the Queen, as head of the state government. It is not an office but a ceremonial one. Each state governor is appointed by the Queen of Australia on the advice of the Premier, State Governors have emergency reserve powers but these are rarely used
13.
United States Senate
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The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the House of Representatives, the lower chamber, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. S. From 1789 until 1913, Senators were appointed by the legislatures of the states represented, following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. The Senate chamber is located in the wing of the Capitol, in Washington. It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House, in the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers. This idea of having one chamber represent people equally, while the other gives equal representation to states regardless of population, was known as the Connecticut Compromise, there was also a desire to have two Houses that could act as an internal check on each other. One was intended to be a Peoples House directly elected by the people, the other was intended to represent the states to such extent as they retained their sovereignty except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government. The Senate was thus not designed to serve the people of the United States equally, the Constitution provides that the approval of both chambers is necessary for the passage of legislation. First convened in 1789, the Senate of the United States was formed on the example of the ancient Roman Senate, the name is derived from the senatus, Latin for council of elders. James Madison made the comment about the Senate, In England, at this day, if elections were open to all classes of people. An agrarian law would take place. If these observations be just, our government ought to secure the permanent interests of the country against innovation, landholders ought to have a share in the government, to support these invaluable interests, and to balance and check the other. They ought to be so constituted as to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority, the senate, therefore, ought to be this body, and to answer these purposes, the people ought to have permanency and stability. The Constitution stipulates that no constitutional amendment may be created to deprive a state of its equal suffrage in the Senate without that states consent, the District of Columbia and all other territories are not entitled to representation in either House of the Congress. The District of Columbia elects two senators, but they are officials of the D. C. city government. The United States has had 50 states since 1959, thus the Senate has had 100 senators since 1959. In 1787, Virginia had roughly ten times the population of Rhode Island, whereas today California has roughly 70 times the population of Wyoming and this means some citizens are effectively two orders of magnitude better represented in the Senate than those in other states. Seats in the House of Representatives are approximately proportionate to the population of each state, before the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, Senators were elected by the individual state legislatures
14.
W. Lee O'Daniel
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Wilbert Lee Pappy ODaniel was a conservative Democratic Party politician from Texas, who came to prominence by hosting a popular radio program. Known for his populist appeal and support of Texass business community, Pappy ODaniel was the governor of Texas and later its junior U. S. senator. Excluding the 1960 race for the Democratic presidential nomination in which Johnson contested none of the primaries, ODaniel was also a songwriter who composed Beautiful Texas. The 2000 Coen Brothers film O Brother, Where Art Thou featured a character played by Charles Durning and named Governor Pappy ODaniel, loosely based on the real ODaniel, ODaniel was born in Malta, Ohio. His father was killed in an accident while ODaniel was a boy, the family moved to a cattle ranch near Arlington, Kansas. ODaniel attended local schools and graduated from the program at Salt City Business College in Hutchinson. In 1909 he relocated to Anthony, Kansas to become a stenographer and bookkeeper for a milling company. After time with companies in Kansas City, Missouri and New Orleans, in the late 1920s, ODaniel assumed responsibility for the Burrus companys radio advertising. To that end, he wrote songs, sang, and hired a group of musicians to form an old band to back his vocals. Originally called the Light Crust Doughboys, notable musicians such as Bob Wills got their start with ODaniel, after the Doughboys split up, ODaniel formed the Western swing band, Pat ODaniel and his Hillbilly Boys. The new group was named after ODaniels own Hillbilly Flour Company, by the mid-1930s, Pappy ODaniel was a household name in Texas. The show extolled the values of Hillbilly brand flour, the Ten Commandments, in 1938, he ran for governor of Texas as a Democrat. ODaniels campaign hailed his flour and the need for pensions and tax cuts and he promised to block a sales tax and raise pensions. ODaniel won the Democratic primary election with 51 percent of the ballots over twelve opponents, in office, he seemingly went against his campaign promise by proposing a new transaction tax, which was voted down by the Texas Legislature. Despite this position change, he remained popular and handily won re-election in 1940. In both elections, his main competition came from Texas Railroad Commissioner Ernest O. Thompson, the mayor of Amarillo. In 1941, ODaniel ran for the United States Senate in a special election and he defeated Lyndon Johnson by 1,311 votes in one of the more controversial elections in state history. His victory made him the person to ever defeat Johnson for elected office
15.
United States Marine Corps Reserve
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The Marine Forces Reserve is the reserve force of the United States Marine Corps. It is the largest command in the U. S. Marine Corps, Marine Forces Reserve is the headquarters command for approximately 40,000 Reserve Marines and 184 Reserve Training Centers located throughout the United States. Marine forces Reserve also provides personnel and operational tempo relief for active component forces in peacetime, MARFORRES comprises two groups of Marines and Sailors. The first, known as the Selected Marine Corps Reserve, are Marines who belong to units and drill one weekend a month. The second group is known as the Individual Ready Reserve, IRR Marines participate in annual musters to check in with the Corps. Reserve Marines are equipped and trained to the standards as active Marine forces. S. Enlistment in the Marine Forces Reserve occurs through a similar to that for enlistment in the regular active Marine Corps. Recruits must take the ASVAB, pass a physical exam. They may enter through a billet in the Delayed Entry Program, Reserve Recruits currently attend recruit training along with active duty recruits, earning the title United States Marine upon successful completion of the training. They then have a mandatory leave of 10 days before training at the School of Infantry. Only after completing the program does a Reserve Marines enlistment begin to differ from that of an active duty Marine. There is a called the Select Reserve Incentive Program, which provides enlistment bonuses for Reservists enlisting for needed MOSs. Half is payable upon completion of training and the other half is spread out over the term of enlistment, for those who have earned a college degree, the Reserve Officer Commissioning Program provides a path into the Marine Corps Reserve leading to a commission as an Officer of Marines. Upon selection from a regional Officer Selection Office, applicants attend Officer Candidate School, upon successful completion of OCS, candidates are commissioned Second Lieutenant and subsequently attend The Basic School. Following graduation of TBS and follow-on MOS training, officers report to their reserve unit where they serve their Reserve drills. Reserve Marines enlist for eight-year terms, there are three options on how these terms may be served, one of which is designated upon enlistment. 6x2 – Under this option the Reservist spends 6 years in active drill and this is the only option which makes Reservists eligible for the benefits of the Montgomery GI Bill, and is also the most common. 5x3 – Under this option the Reservist spends 5 years in active drill, 4x4 – Under this option the Reservist spends 4 years in active drill and fulfills the remaining four in Individual Ready Reserve
16.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
17.
The Guilty (1947 film)
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The Guilty is a 1947 film noir based directed by John Reinhardt, based on a story by Cornell Woolrich. The film is based on Woolrichs short story Two Men in a Furnished Room, the film was produced by oil millionaire Jack Wrather, the husband of lead actress Bonita Granville. The film tells the story of two roommates, Mike Carr and Johnny Dixon, Johnny, who suffered a head injury during the war, meets a girl named Estelle Mitchell, and begins to date her. When he finds out shes dating other men around town he dumps her and starts dating her sweet twin sister, Linda. The story picks up when Mike Carr goes into Tim McGinnis’ bar in New York, to wait for Estelle, Johnny and Linda were a couple, and they were very much in love, but the twin sister, Estelle, wanted Johnny for herself. Estelle was quite determined to break the couple up, but in the meantime she was seeing Mike. Mike only met Linda once, but in doing so, he realized that she was the sister he should have been putting his energy into catching, as she was the more innocently virtuous of the two twins. But the twin sisters both wanted Johnny, and one night they got into a fight him, after which Linda went to see Johnny on her own. Estelle tries to intercept and get to johnny’s first, Mike saw Estelle arrive at Johnnys before Linda had arrived. Mike sees Johnny, and he turns out to be drunk and he begs Mike to verify his alibi, and that he heard Linda whistle for a taxi and saw her leave. When the police arrive to the scene they find a buckle from Lindas trenchcoat on Johnnys apartment floor, Mike passes by McGinnisss and finds another buckle outside the bathroom window. He goes to Johnny and mentions the possibility that Johnny’s memory might have failed him the night of the murder, while they are talking, the police arrive to arrest Johnny, and he panics. Mike helps out his friend, letting him out the back. In order to persuade Mike to give Johnny up, police detective Heller takes Mike to the morgue to show him Lindas trashed body, the murderer then pulled her out and put her in a barrel on the roof. Mike is disgusted by this, but still believe his friend murdered Linda. He convinces Johnny to come out of hiding and clear his name, as they arrive home, Estelle is waiting for them with a man called Alex Tremholt, who has been renting a room at the Mitchells since the twins were young. While they are there, Mike hears a whistle for a taxi. When Tremholt sees Johnny, he insists on calling the police to arrest him, detective Heller arrives and suggests Tremholt of having a long-standing, unrequited love for Estelle and of killing the innocent Linda, whom he mistook for Estelle, the object of his desire
18.
High Tide (1947 film)
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High Tide is a 1947 American film noir directed by John Reinhardt. The film features Lee Tracy, Don Castle and Julie Bishop, newspaperman is caught in the middle of a ruthless city power struggle. Lee Tracy as Hugh Fresney Don Castle as Tim T. M, cresser Wilson Wood as Cleve Collins George Ryland as Doctor at Shooting Scene In 2013 the UCLA Film and Television Archive, funded by the Film Noir Foundation, restored the film. The restored print was screened April 13,2013 at the American Cinematheques Noir City, High Tide at the Internet Movie Database High Tide at AllMovie High Tide at the TCM Movie Database
19.
Eagle-Lion Films
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Eagle-Lion Films was a British film production company owned by J. Arthur Rank intended to release British productions in the United States. In 1947 it acquired Robert R. Youngs PRC Pictures, a small American production company, the studio became one of the most respected makers of B-movies on what was known as Hollywoods Poverty Row. Eagle-Lion was also a distribution company under the name of Eagle-Lion Distributors Limited in the United Kingdom. In 1954, the lot, at 7324 Santa Monica Boulevard, was purchased by the Ziv Company for production of its syndicated television programs. It has long since been demolished, the company was founded in September 1946. From 1946-1949 Eagle-Lion was under the control of Arthur Krim who in addition to releasing films by Rank, bryan Foy the former head of the B-picture unit at Warner Bros. was placed in charge of production. Some of the producers working at Eagle-Lion included Aubrey Schenck, Jack Schwarz and briefly, the initial arrangement was that Rank and Eagle-Lion would each produce five films a year. Costs were also kept to less than $500,000 per film. Their first year of films were financed with $8 million in loans from the Bank of America which Young personally guaranteed, the company recorded a loss of $2.2 million in 1947. Arthur Krim later attributed this to them paying too much money for stars who were not worth anything at the box office and this encouraged Eagle Lion to change its mode of production, using more independent producers as a source of product. Bryan Foy resigned as head of production to become an independent producer for the company, Eagle Lion would help finance the films and offer facilities, although producers would find their own money too. PRC was dissolved in August 1947 and its product was shifted to Eagle Lion, along with Foy, other independent producers who worked for Eagle Lion included Edward Small and Walter Wanger. They began making lower budgeted films, enjoying success with film noir. By 1947-48 the studio had accomplished 14 productions, by the spring of 1949, ten were in release, five of which earned a substantial profit - T-Men, Raw Deal, Canon City, He Walked By Night and The Noose Hangs High. Two others broke even and two others showed loses, if the company had completely financed these films it would have made $1.2 million but as it was it made $200,000. However, because of its unsuccessful first year, the company owed money. Eagle Lion released a series of British films, most of which were unsuccessful at the American box office, there were some exceptions, such as The Red Shoes. The company suffered increasing financial trouble throughout 1949, Krim resigned in May and the company ceased production at the end of the year
20.
Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
21.
Allied Artists Pictures Corporation
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Monogram was among the smaller studios--generally referred to as Poverty Row--in the Golden Age of Hollywood. The idea behind the studio was that when the Monogram logo appeared on the screen, everyone knew they were in for action, the company is now a division of Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex that was home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains in place today at 4376 Sunset Dr. utilized as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center. Monogram was created in the early 1930s from two companies, W. Ray Johnstons Rayart Productions and Trem Carrs Sono Art-World Wide Pictures. Both specialized in low-budget features and, as Monogram Pictures, continued that policy until 1935, another independent producer, Paul Malvern, released his Lone Star Productions westerns through Monogram. The backbone of the studio in early days was a father-and-son combination, writer/director Robert N. Bradbury. Bradbury wrote almost all, and directed many, of the early Monogram, while budgets and production values were lean, Monogram offered a balanced program, including action melodramas, classics and mysteries. In 1935 Johnston and Carr were wooed by Herbert Yates of Consolidated Film Industries, Yates planned to merge Monogram with several smaller independent companies to form Republic Pictures. However, after a time in this new venture, Johnston and Carr discovered that they couldnt get along with Yates. Carr moved to Universal Pictures, while Johnston reactivated Monogram in 1937, producer Walter Mirisch began at Monogram after World War II as assistant to studio head Steve Broidy. He convinced Broidy that the days of low-budget films were ending, at a time when the average Hollywood picture cost about $800,000, Allied Artists first release, It Happened on Fifth Avenue, cost more than $1,200,000. Subsequent Allied Artists releases were more economical but did have enhanced production values, the studios new policy permitted what Mirisch called B-plus pictures, which were released along with Monograms established line of B fare. The Monogram brand name was retired in 1953. The company was now known as Allied Artists Pictures Corporation, for the most part, however, Allied Artists was heading in new, ambitious directions under Mirisch. They pushed the studio into big-budget filmmaking, signing contracts with William Wyler, John Huston, Billy Wilder, Mirisch Productions then had success releasing its films through United Artists. Allied Artists ceased production in 1966 and became a distributor of foreign films, both were critical and commercial successes, but high production and financing costs meant they were not big moneymakers for Allied Artists. King was released in 1975, but received disappointing returns and that same year Allied Artists distributed the French import Story of O, but spent much of its earnings defending itself from obscenity charges. In 1976 Allied Artists attempted diversification when it merged with consumer producers Kalvex and PSP, the new Allied Artists Industries, Inc. manufactured pharmaceuticals, mobile homes and activewear in addition to films
