1.
Darren Aronofsky
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Darren Aronofsky is an American film director, screenwriter, film producer and environmentalist. He has received acclaim, and generated controversy for his often surreal, Aronofsky attended Harvard University, where he studied film and social anthropology, and the American Film Institute where he studied directing. He won several awards after completing his senior thesis film, Supermarket Sweep. Aronofskys feature debut, the surrealist psychological thriller Pi, was shot in November 1997, Aronofskys followup, the psychological drama Requiem for a Dream, was based on the novel of the same name by Hubert Selby, Jr. The film garnered strong reviews and received an Academy Award nomination for Ellen Burstyns performance, after writing the World War II horror film Below, Aronofsky began production on his third film, the romantic fantasy sci-fi drama The Fountain. The film received mixed reviews and performed poorly at the box-office and his fourth film, the sports drama The Wrestler, was released to critical acclaim and both of the films stars, Mickey Rourke and Marisa Tomei, received Academy Award nominations. Aronofsky received nominations for Best Director at the Golden Globes, Aronofskys sixth film, the biblically inspired epic Noah, was released in theaters on March 28,2014. Noah grossed over $43.7 million during its box office weekend, becoming Aronofskys highest opening weekend. The film was an hit, eventually grossing over $362,000,000 worldwide. Aronofsky was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1969 and he grew up in the boroughs Manhattan Beach neighborhood, where he was raised culturally Jewish, but there was very little spiritual attendance in temple. It was a cultural thing—celebrating the holidays, knowing where you came from, knowing your history and he graduated from Edward R. Murrow High School. He has one sister, Patti, who attended a ballet school through high school. His parents would take him to Broadway theater performances, which sparked his keen interest in show business. During his youth, he trained as a field biologist with The School for Field Studies in Kenya in 1985 and he attended school in Kenya to pursue an interest in learning about ungulates. He later said, he School for Field Studies changed the way I perceived the world, Aronofskys interest in the outdoors led him to backpack his way through Europe and the Middle East. In 1987, he entered Harvard University, where he majored in anthropology and studied filmmaking. He became seriously interested in film while attending Harvard after befriending Dan Schrecker, an animator, and Sean Gullette. His cinematic influences included Akira Kurosawa, Roman Polanski, Terry Gilliam, Shinya Tsukamoto, Hubert Selby, Aronofskys senior thesis film, Supermarket Sweep, was a finalist in the 1991 Student Academy Awards
2.
Natalie Portman
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Natalie Portman is an actress with dual American and Israeli citizenship. Her first role was in the 1994 action thriller Léon, The Professional and she was later cast as Padmé Amidala in the Star Wars prequel trilogy. Born in Jerusalem to an Israeli father and American mother, Portman grew up in the eastern United States from the age of three. She studied dancing and acting in New York, and starred in Star Wars, in 1999, Portman enrolled at Harvard University to study psychology, alongside her work as an actress, she completed a bachelors degree in 2003. During her studies she starred in a second Star Wars film and she played leading roles in the historical dramas Goyas Ghosts and The Other Boleyn Girl, and also appeared in Thor and its 2013 sequel. In 2010, Portman starred in the thriller film Black Swan. Her performance received critical acclaim and she earned her first Academy Award for Best Actress, her second Golden Globe Award, the SAG Award, the BAFTA Award. In 2016, she portrayed First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in the biographical drama Jackie and she was nominated for an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award and won the BFCA for Best Actress. In May 2008, Portman served as the youngest member of the 61st Annual Cannes Film Festival jury, the same year she directed a segment of the collective film New York, I Love You. Her first feature film as a director, A Tale of Love, Portman was born on June 9,1981 in Jerusalem. Her original given name was Neta-Lee, a Hebrew name and she is the only child of Shelley, an American homemaker who works as Portmans agent, and Avner Hershlag, an Israeli fertility specialist and gynecologist. Her maternal grandparents, Bernice and Arthur Stevens, were from Jewish families who moved to the United States from Austria and Russia, Natalies paternal grandparents, Mania and Zvi Yehuda Hershlag, were Jewish immigrants to Israel. Zvi, born in Poland in 1914, moved to what was then Mandatory Palestine in 1938 and eventually became an economics professor, One of Natalies paternal great-grandmothers was born in Romania and was a spy for British Intelligence during World War II. Portmans parents met at a Jewish student center at Ohio State University and they corresponded after her father returned to Israel and were married when her mother visited a few years later. In 1984, when Portman was three years old, the moved to the United States, where her father received his medical training. Portman, a citizen of the United States and Israel, has said that although she really love the States. Thats where I feel at home, Portman and her family first lived in Washington, D. C. but relocated to Connecticut in 1988 and then moved to Jericho, New York, on Long Island, in 1990. While living in the Washington, D. C. area, Portman attended Charles E. Smith Jewish Day School in Rockville, Maryland
3.
Peter Sarsgaard
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John Peter Sarsgaard is an American actor. He landed his first feature role in the movie Dead Man Walking in 1995 and he then appeared in the 1998 independent films Another Day in Paradise and Desert Blue. That same year, Sarsgaard received a role in The Man in the Iron Mask, playing Raoul. Sarsgaard later achieved recognition when he was cast in Boys Dont Cry as John Lotter. He landed his first leading role in the 2001 film The Center of the World, the following year, he played supporting roles in Empire, The Salton Sea, and K-19, The Widowmaker. Sarsgaard has also appeared in Off-Broadway productions including Kingdom of Earth, Laura Dennis, in September 2008, he made his Broadway debut as Boris Alexeyevich Trigorin in The Seagull. Sarsgaard appeared in the production of Uncle Vanya in January 2009. Sarsgaard is married to actress Maggie Gyllenhaal, Sarsgaard was born at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, the son of Judy Lea and John Dale Sarsgard. His father was an Air Force engineer and later worked for Monsanto and his surname originates in Denmark, where two of his paternal great-great-grandparents were born. Sarsgaard was raised a Roman Catholic and served as an altar boy and his family moved more than 12 times during his childhood, following his fathers job. At the age of 7, Sarsgaard originally wanted to become a soccer player, after suffering several bad concussions while playing soccer, he gave up the sport and became interested in writing and theater. Sarsgaard attended Fairfield College Preparatory School, a private Jesuit boys school in Connecticut, while at WUSTL, Sarsgaard began performing in plays in an offshoot of New Yorks Actors Studio, His first role was as the servant Laurent in Molières Tartuffe. In 1993, he graduated with a degree in history and moved to New York and he appeared in his first film role in Dead Man Walking, where he was cast as a murdered teenager, killed by Sean Penns character. He received his role in the 1998 film The Man in the Iron Mask, where he played Raoul. The film uses characters from Alexandre Dumas dArtagnan Romances, and is loosely adapted from some plot elements of The Vicomte de Bragelonne. The film received ambivalent reviews, but was a success at the box office, in 1999, Sarsgaard earned critical recognition in Kimberly Peirces Boys Dont Cry, where he was cast as notorious killer John Lotter. The film is based on the story of Brandon Teena. Boys Don’t Cry received overwhelmingly positive acclaim from critics, and his performance was well received
4.
Greta Gerwig
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Greta Celeste Gerwig is an American actress and filmmaker. Gerwig first came to prominence through her association with the film movement. She has collaborated with directors Joe Swanberg and Noah Baumbach on several projects, notable work with Baumbach includes Greenberg in 2010, Frances Ha in 2012, and Mistress America in 2015. She starred in Whit Stillmans Damsels in Distress in 2011, and she played the title role in the 2015 drama Maggies Plan, and had supporting roles in the 2016 films Jackie and 20th Century Women. A native of Sacramento, California, Greta Gerwig is the daughter of Christine, a nurse, and Gordon Gerwig and she has German, Irish, and English ancestry. Gerwig was raised as a Unitarian Universalist, and also attended an all-girls Catholic school and she has described herself as an intense child. With an early interest in dance, she intended to do a degree in theatre in New York. She graduated from Barnard College, where she studied English and philosophy instead, outside of class, she performed in the Columbia Varsity Show alongside Kate McKinnon. Gerwig originally intended to become a playwright, but was cast in a role in Joe Swanbergs LOL in 2006. She began a partnership with the director and an association with other mumblecore filmmakers. I was 25 and thinking, This is supposed to be the best time and Im miserable but it felt like acting was happening for me and she made her first talk show appearance in 2010 on Jimmy Kimmel Live. Gerwig voices one of the characters in the Adult Swim cartoon China. In 2011, she was cast as one of the leads in the HBO pilot The Corrections, Gerwig worked with her boyfriend Noah Baumbach on his film Greenberg in 2010. Commenting on her work in Greenberg and other films, New York Times critic A. O. Scott described the actress as an ambassador of a style that often seems opposed to the very idea of style. In 2011, Gerwig received an award for Acting from the Athena Film Festival for her artistry as one of Hollywoods definitive screen actresses of her generation. Gerwig and Baumbach co-wrote Frances Ha, which was released in May 2013. In 2014 she was selected as a member of the jury for the 64th Berlin International Film Festival, in February 2014, it was announced that she would lead the spin-off of How I Met Your Mother titled How I Met Your Dad. She would also serve as producer, however, the show was not picked up by the network after the initial pilot was made
5.
Billy Crudup
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William Gaither Billy Crudup is an American actor. In 2017 Crudup is set to appear in Ridley Scotts science-fiction film Alien, Covenant and he has also had an extensive stage acting career, appearing mostly on Broadway. He has been nominated four times for a Tony Award for his acting, from 1998 to 2005, Crudup was the narrator for Priceless, a popular U. S. television ad campaign for MasterCard. Crudup was born in Manhasset, New York and his parents, Georgann and Thomas Henry Crudup III, divorced during his childhood, and later remarried, before divorcing a second time. His maternal grandfather was William Cotter Billy Gaither, Jr. a well-known Florida trial lawyer, Crudup has two brothers, Tommy, an executive producer, and Brooks, also a producer. He left New York with his family when he was eight years old, first living in Texas. He graduated from Saint Thomas Aquinas High School in Fort Lauderdale, Crudup attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he received an undergraduate degree, and he continued his passion for acting with the undergraduate acting company, LAB. He also acted for UNC-STVs most popular show, General College and he was a member of the Beta Chapter of Delta Kappa Epsilon. He then studied at the Graduate Acting Program at New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts, Crudup began acting in films such as 1996s Sleepers, 1997s Inventing the Abbotts and 1998s Without Limits, where he played the role of running legend and Olympian Steve Prefontaine. His first role in a feature was in 1999s English release of Princess Mononoke. He then played Russell Hammond, the guitar player of the fictional band Stillwater in Cameron Crowes Almost Famous. In 2006s The Good Shepherd, he played British spy Arch Cummings, the same year, he played a supporting role in Mission, Impossible III. Crudup completed Watchmen with director Zack Snyder in Vancouver, British Columbia and he portrayed the superhero Doctor Manhattan. He portrayed former U. S. Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner in a TV film about 2008s financial crisis, a year after graduating, he made his debut on Broadway in the Lincoln Center Theater production of Tom Stoppards Arcadia. He starred in The Metal Children, a play written. In 2011, Crudup received a Tony Award nomination for Featured Actor in a Play for his role in the Broadway revival of Arcadia. In August 2013, he co-starred with Ian McKellen and Patrick Stewart in the Harold Pinter play No Mans Land as well as in Waiting for Godot at the Berkeley Repertory Theatre. The shows transferred to The Cort Theatre in New York City, from 1998 to 2005, Crudup was the narrator for the Priceless television ads for MasterCard
6.
John Hurt
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Sir John Vincent Hurt, CBE was an English actor whose screen and stage career spanned more than 50 years. Hurt was regarded as one of Britains finest thespians, director David Lynch described him as simply the greatest actor in the world and he was also visible as Caligula in BBC TV series I, Claudius. Hurts performance in prison drama Midnight Express brought him international renown, Hurt earned his third competitive BAFTA, along with his second Oscar and Golden Globe nominations, as Joseph Merrick in David Lynchs biopic The Elephant Man. Hurt was again BAFTA-nominated for his work in Irish drama The Field, Hurt reprised his role as Quentin Crisp in TV film An Englishman in New York, which brought his seventh BAFTA nomination, and also portrayed the War Doctor in BBC TV series Doctor Who in 2013. His last performance will be in Darkest Hour, as former British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, in 2012, he was honoured with the Lifetime Achievement BAFTA Award, in recognition of his outstanding contribution to cinema. He was knighted in 2015 for his services to drama, Hurts father was also Vicar of St Johns parish in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear. In 1937, he moved his family to Derbyshire, where he became Perpetual Curate of Holy Trinity Church, when Hurt was five, his father became the vicar of St Stephens Church in Woodville, Derbyshire, and remained there until 1952. Hurt had an upbringing, the family lived opposite a cinema. He was also not permitted to mix with local children because his parents saw them as too common, at the age of eight, Hurt was sent to the Anglican St Michaels Preparatory School in Otford, Kent, where he eventually developed his passion for acting. He decided he wanted to become an actor, and his first role was that of a girl in a production of The Blue Bird by Maurice Maeterlinck. He has stated that while he was a pupil at the school, he was abused by Donald Cormack, then Senior Master of the school and later Headmaster until his retirement in 1981. Hurt said that Cormack would remove his two front teeth and put his tongue in the boys mouths, and would rub their faces with his stubble. Hurt often went with his mother to Cleethorpes Repertory Theatre, but his parents disliked his acting ambitions and his headmaster, Mr Franklin, laughed when Hurt told him he wanted to be an actor, telling him that he wouldnt stand a chance in the profession. Aged 17, Hurt enrolled in Grimsby Art School, where he studied art, in 1959, he won a scholarship allowing him to study for an Art Teachers Diploma at Saint Martins School of Art in London. Despite the scholarship, paying his tuition fees and living expenses was difficult, so he persuaded some of his friends to pose naked, in 1960, he won a scholarship to RADA, where he trained for two years. Hurts first film was The Wild and the Willing, but his first major role was as Richard Rich in A Man for All Seasons. He played Timothy Evans, who was hanged for murders committed by his landlord John Christie, in 10 Rillington Place and his portrayal of Quentin Crisp in the TV play The Naked Civil Servant gave him prominence and earned him the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor. The following year, Hurt won further acclaim for his performance as the Roman emperor Caligula in the BBC drama serial, I
7.
Micachu
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Mica Levi, known by her stage name Micachu, is an English singer, songwriter, composer, and producer. She is classically trained and since 2008 has released experimental pop music with her band Good Sad Happy Bad, in 2014, Levi branched out into film composing, creating the score for the Jonathan Glazer film Under the Skin. Her work was praised and Levi received a European Film Award for Best Composer. Her score for Pablo Larraíns Jackie received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score, Levi was born and raised in Surrey, England. The daughter of two musicians, she started writing and playing music at the age of four, Levi performed as a DJ in London, and released a mixtape titled Filthy Friends, which was posted on her official Myspace page. Following its release, Filthy Friends became sought after on the London club scene, while a student at Guildhall, Levi was commissioned to write an orchestral piece for the London Philharmonic Orchestra which was performed at the Royal Festival Hall in April 2008. Levi was an Artist-in-Residence at the Southbank Centre in London in 2010, Levi co-wrote and produced Tirzahs Im Not Dancing EP, which was released by Greco-Roman Records in August 2013, to critical acclaim. Levi formed a band called Micachu and The Shapes, which included Raisa Khan on keyboards, with the Shapes, Levis focus has been on experimental pop music. Despite these experimental leanings, the artist categorizes her output with The Shapes as pop music and their debut album, Jewellery, produced with influential electronic musician Matthew Herbert, was recorded around Micas composition studies at Guildhall School. Advance copies of the reached the press in early 2009. In the wake of this growing buzz, Micachu and the Shapes were signed to Rough Trade, drowned In Sound consequently hailed the record as thrillingly improbable pop made by a grade-A maverick. In 2009, the received a grant from the PRS for Music Foundation. Micachu and the Shapes toured widely throughout the UK in 2008, including performances at Bestival, the band played in the US at the CMJ Music Marathon in New York City and SXSW in Austin, Texas. They also performed on the Main Stage of the Siren Music Festival at Coney Island in Brooklyn in July 2009, touring continued throughout Europe and North America in the summer and fall of 2009. In Spring of 2010, Micachu and the Shapes supported Spoon on tour throughout North America, the band performed with the London Sinfonietta at Kings Place, London in May 2010 and in March 2011 released the live recording as the album Chopped and Screwed. Unlike their previous effort, the recording largely avoids pop sensibilities in favor of a slower, hip-hop indebted style and repetitive, the band were chosen by Animal Collective to perform at the All Tomorrows Parties festival that they curated in May 2011 in Minehead, England. The follow-up to their debut, Never, was released on 23 July 2012, the band released the album Good Sad Happy Bad on 11 September 2015. In March 2016, the band announced on social media that they were changing their name to Good Sad Happy Bad, Levis first major film score was for Jonathan Glazers 2014 film Under the Skin
8.
Wild Bunch (company)
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Wild Bunch AG is a film distribution and international sales company, originally created in 1979 as Senator Film Verleih GmbH, which later became Senator Entertainment AG. The name Wild Bunch comes from the French company Wild Bunch S. A. created in 2002, Senator Entertainment AG renamed itself Wild Bunch AG in July 2015. Wild Bunch is also the international seller of Studio Ghiblis works, originally a division of StudioCanal, Wild Bunch S. A. was established as an independent company in 2002 by former employees of StudioCanal. In July 2014, the German film distributor Senator Entertainment and Wild Bunch announced their intention to join forces to launch an independent film distribution and production group, in February 2015, Senator Entertainment and Wild Bunch completed their merger. Senator Entertainment AG subsequently renamed themselves to Wild Bunch AG and will use Senator as a brand, in May 2015, Wild Bunch announce the founding of a new LA-based company, Insiders, to handle international sales of independent films. In February 2016, The Hollywood Reporter reported that a majority stake in this outfit has since sold to Bliss Media. Wild Bunch is a sales company and also a pan-European film distributor. In France, Wild Bunch is a distributor and also a video distributor through its subsidiary Wild Side. Wild Bunch also positioned itself on the distribution market through its VoD/SVoD subsidiary Filmo TV. Apart from its international activities, Wild Bunch is also a direct distributor in Italy, in Germany. Wild Bunch manages more than 1700 titles, the Kings Speech by Tom Hooper in 2011, Best Feature, Best Director for Tom Hooper, Best Actor in a leading role for Colin Firth and Best Original Screenplay. Pans Labyrinth by Guillermo del Toro in 2007, Best Art Direction, march of the Penguins by Luc Jacquet in 2006, Best Documentary. Spirited Away by Hayao Miyazaki in 2003, Best Animated Feature, the Kid with a Bike by Dardenne brothers in 2011, Grand Prix The Artist by Michel Hazanavicius en 2011, Best Actor for Jean Dujardin Poliss by Maïwenn in 2011, Prix du Jury. Nobody by Jaco Van Dormael in 2009, Golden Osella The Wrestler by Darren Aronofsky in 2008, Golden Door by Emanuele Crialese in 2006, Silver Lion. Mary by Abel Ferrara in 2005, Special Jury Prize, the Magdalene Sisters by Peter Mullan in 2002, Golden Lion. The Wayward Cloud by Tsai Ming-liang in 2005, Siver Bear of Outstanding Artistic Achievement, spirited Away by Hayao Miyazaki in 2002, Golden Bear. Official website Wild Bunch at the Internet Movie Database
9.
Fox Searchlight Pictures
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Slumdog Millionaire is also Searchlights largest commercial success, with over $377 million of box office receipts, against a production budget of only $15 million. The most notable of the releases under these banners include Bill Cosby, Himself, Eating Raoul, The Gods Must Be Crazy, Reuben, Reuben, and Ziggy Stardust, in 2006, a sub-label, Fox Atomic, was created to produce and/or distribute genre films. Fox Atomic closed down in 2009, the Fox Searchlight Pictures logo is quite similar to the regular 20th Century-Fox logo, with even Alfred Newmans fanfare music accompanying it. The animation was used for Fox Videos third logo
10.
Biographical film
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A biographical film, or biopic, is a film that dramatizes the life of a non-fictional or historically-based person or people. Such films show the life of a person and the central characters real name is used. Because the figures portrayed are actual people, whose actions and characteristics are known to the public, biopic roles are considered some of the most demanding of actors and actresses. Biopic scholars include George F. Custen of the College of Staten Island, Custen, in Bio/Pics, How Hollywood Constructed Public History, regards the genre as having died with the Hollywood studio era, and in particular, Darryl F. Zanuck. On the other hand, Binghams 2010 study Whose Lives Are They Anyway, ellen Cheshires Bio-Pics, a life in pictures examines UK/US films from the 1990s and 2000s. Each chapter reviews key films linked by profession and concludes with further viewing list, christopher Robé has also written on the gender norms that underlie the biopic in his article, Taking Hollywood Back in the 2009 issue of Cinema Journal. The Hurricane is not a documentary but a parable, some biopics purposely stretch the truth. Confessions of a Dangerous Mind was based on game show host Chuck Barris widely debunked yet popular memoir of the same name, Kafka incorporated both the life of author Franz Kafka and the surreal aspects of his fiction. The Errol Flynn film They Died with Their Boots On tells the story of Custer but is highly romanticized, casting can be controversial for biographical films. Casting is often a balance between similarity in looks and ability to portray the characteristics of the person, anthony Hopkins felt that he should not have played Richard Nixon in Nixon because of a lack of resemblance between the two. The casting of John Wayne as Genghis Khan in The Conqueror was objected to because of the American Wayne being cast as the Mongol warlord. Egyptian critics criticized the casting of Louis Gossett, Jr. an African American actor, also, some objected to the casting of Jennifer Lopez in Selena because she is a New York City native of Puerto Rican descent while Selena was Mexican-American. Biographical novel Biography in literature List of biographical films
11.
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
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Jacqueline Lee Jackie Kennedy Onassis was the wife of the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, and First Lady of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. Bouvier was the daughter of Wall Street stockbroker John Vernou Bouvier III. In 1951, she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in French literature from George Washington University, in 1952, Bouvier met Congressman John F. Kennedy at a dinner party. In November of that year, he was elected as a United States Senator from Massachusetts, and they had four children, two of whom died in infancy. As First Lady, she was known for her highly publicized restoration of the White House and her emphasis on arts, on November 22,1963, she was riding with the President in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas, when he was assassinated. She and her children withdrew from view after his funeral. Following her second death in 1975, she had a career as a book editor for the final two decades of her life. She is remembered for her contributions to the arts and preservation of historic architecture, as well as for her style, elegance. She was an icon, and her famous ensemble of pink Chanel suit. She ranks as one of the most popular First Ladies and in 1999 was named on Gallups list of Most Admired Men and Women in 20th-century America. Jacqueline Lee Bouvier was born on July 28,1929, at Southampton Hospital in Southampton, New York, to Wall Street stockbroker John Vernou Black Jack Bouvier III, Bouviers mother was of Irish descent, and her father had French, Scottish, and English ancestry. Named after her father, Bouvier was baptized at the Church of St. Ignatius Loyola in Manhattan and her younger sister Lee was born in 1933. Bouvier spent her childhood years in Manhattan and at Lasata. She idolized her father, who favored her over her sister. From an early age, Bouvier was an equestrienne and successfully competed in the sport. She also took lessons, was an avid reader, and excelled at learning languages. Bouvier enrolled in the Chapin School in Manhattan in 1935, which she attended for grades 1–6. She was a student but often misbehaved, one of her teachers described her as a darling child, the prettiest little girl, very clever, very artistic
12.
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
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On November 22,1963, John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was fatally shot in Dallas, Texas while riding in a motorcade in Dallas Dealey Plaza, at 12,30 p. m. Fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald, he was traveling with his wife, Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, Kennedys death marked the fourth and most recent assassination of an American President. The Committee was not able to identify any individuals or groups involved with the conspiracy, in addition, the HSCA found that the original federal investigations were seriously flawed in respect of information-sharing and the possibility of conspiracy. As recommended by the HSCA, the evidence indicating conspiracy was subsequently re-examined and rejected. However, Kennedys assassination is still the subject of debate and has spawned numerous conspiracy theories. Polling in 2013 showed that 60% of Americans believe that a group of conspirators was responsible for the assassination, President Kennedy traveled to Texas to smooth over frictions in the Democratic Party between liberals Ralph Yarborough and Don Yarborough and conservative John Connally. A presidential visit to the state of Texas was first agreed upon by Lyndon B. Johnson, President John F. Kennedys vice president, and Texas native, President Kennedys trip to Dallas was first announced to the public in September 1963. The exact motorcade route was finalized on November 18 and announced to the public a few days before November 22, the White House staff informed the Secret Service that the President would arrive there via a short flight from Carswell Air Force Base in Fort Worth to Dallas Love Field. Leaving from Dallas Love Field,45 minutes had been allotted for the motorcade to reach the Trade Mart at an arrival time of 12,15 p. m. The actual route was chosen to be a meandering 10-mile route between the two places, which could be driven slowly in the allotted time, on November 14, both men attended a meeting at Love Field and drove over the route that Sorrels believed best suited for the motorcade. From Love Field, the route passed through a portion of Dallas, through Downtown along Main Street. The planned route to the Trade Mart was widely reported in Dallas newspapers several days before the event, for the benefit of people who wished to view the motorcade. The route on Main Street precluded a direct turn onto the Fort Worth Turnpike exit, the Texas School Book Depository was situated at this corner of Houston and Elm. Three vehicles were used for Secret Service and police protection in the Dallas motorcade, the first car, an unmarked white Ford, carried Dallas Police Chief Jesse Curry, Secret Service Agent Win Lawson, Sheriff Bill Decker and Dallas Field Agent Forrest Sorrels. The second car, a 1961 Lincoln Continental convertible, held driver Agent Bill Greer, SAIC Roy Kellerman, Governor John Connally, Nellie Connally, President Kennedy, Secret Service agents Clint Hill, Jack Ready, Tim McIntyre and Paul Landis rode on the running boards. By the time the motorcade reached Dealey Plaza, they were five minutes away from their planned destination. At 12,30 p. m. President, you cant say Dallas doesnt love you and those were the last words ever spoken by John F. Kennedy
13.
John F. Kennedy
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Kennedy was a member of the Democratic Party, and his New Frontier domestic program was largely enacted as a memorial to him after his death. Kennedy also established the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963, Kennedys time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states. He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower, in Cuba, a failed attempt was made at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro in April 1961. He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain approval for a war against Cuba. After military service in the United States Naval Reserve in World War II and he was elected subsequently to the U. S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated Vice President, and Republican presidential candidate, Richard Nixon in the 1960 U. S, at age 43, he became the youngest elected president and the second-youngest president. Kennedy was also the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president, to date, Kennedy has been the only Roman Catholic president and the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, on November 22,1963, Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested that afternoon and determined to have fired the shots that hit the President from a sixth floor window of the Texas School Book Depository. Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby fatally shot Oswald two days later in a jail corridor, then-Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson succeeded Kennedy after he died in the hospital. The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin, the majority of Americans alive at the time of the assassination, and continuing through 2013, believed that there was a conspiracy and that Oswald was not the only shooter. Since the 1960s, information concerning Kennedys private life has come to light, including his health problems, Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians polls of U. S. presidents and with the general public. His average approval rating of 70% is the highest of any president in Gallups history of systematically measuring job approval and his grandfathers P. J. Kennedy and Boston Mayor John F. Fitzgerald were both Massachusetts politicians. All four of his grandparents were the children of Irish immigrants, Kennedy had an elder brother, Joseph Jr. and seven younger siblings, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, Jean, and Ted. Kennedy lived in Brookline for ten years and attended the Edward Devotion School, the Noble and Greenough Lower School, and the Dexter School through 4th grade. In 1927, the Kennedy family moved to a stately twenty-room, Georgian-style mansion at 5040 Independence Avenue in the Hudson Hill neighborhood of Riverdale, Bronx and he attended the lower campus of Riverdale Country School, a private school for boys, from 5th to 7th grade. Two years later, the moved to 294 Pondfield Road in the New York City suburb of Bronxville, New York. The Kennedy family spent summers at their home in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, in September 1930, Kennedy—then 13 years old—attended the Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut. In late April 1931, he required an appendectomy, after which he withdrew from Canterbury, in September 1931, Kennedy attended Choate, a boarding school in Wallingford, Connecticut, for 9th through 12th grade
14.
First Lady of the United States
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First Lady of the United States is the informal but accepted title held by the wife of the President of the United States, concurrent with the presidents term of office. Although the first lady’s role has never been codified or officially defined, melania Trump is the current First Lady. While the title was not in use until much later, Martha Washington, the wife of George Washington. During her lifetime she was referred to as Lady Washington. Since the 1790s the role of first lady has changed considerably and it has come to include involvement in political campaigns, management of the White House, championship of social causes, and representation of the president at official and ceremonial occasions. Additionally, over the individual first ladies have held influence in a range of sectors. Historically, should a president be unmarried, or a widower, the use of the title First Lady to describe the spouse or hostess of an executive began in the United States. In the early days of the republic, there was not a generally accepted title for the wife of the president. Indulging in no indolence, she left the pillow at dawn, sometime after 1849, the title began being used in Washington, D. C. social circles. The title first gained recognition in 1877, when newspaper journalist Mary C. Ames referred to Lucy Webb Hayes as the First Lady of the Land while reporting on the inauguration of Rutherford B, the frequent reporting on Lucy Hayes activities helped spread use of the title outside Washington. A popular 1911 comedic play about Dolley Madison by playwright Charles Nirdlinger, titled The First Lady in the Land, by the 1930s, it was in wide use. Use of the later spread from the United States to other nations. The wife of the Vice President of the United States is sometimes referred to as the Second Lady of the United States, the position of the First Lady is not an elected one and carries only ceremonial duties. Nonetheless, first ladies have held a highly visible position in American society, the role of the First Lady has evolved over the centuries. She is, first and foremost, the hostess of the White House and she organizes and attends official ceremonies and functions of state either along with, or in place of, the president. Lisa Burns identifies four main themes of the first ladyship, as public woman, as political celebrity, as political activist. Martha Washington created the role and hosted many affairs of state at the national capital and this socializing became known as the Republican Court and provided elite women with an opportunity to play backstage political role
15.
Life (magazine)
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Life was an American magazine that ran weekly from 1883 to 1936 as a humor magazine with limited circulation. Time owner Henry Luce bought the magazine in 1936, solely so that he could acquire the rights to its name, Life was published weekly until 1972, as an intermittent special until 1978, and as a monthly from 1978 to 2000. After 2000 Time Inc. continued to use the Life brand for special, Life returned to regularly scheduled issues when it became a weekly newspaper supplement from 2004 to 2007. The website life. com, originally one of the channels on Time Inc. s Pathfinder service, was for a time in the late 2000s managed as a joint venture with Getty Images under the name See Your World, LLC. On January 30,2012 the LIFE. com URL became a channel on Time. com. When Life was founded in 1883, it was developed as similar to the British magazine and it was published for 53 years as a general-interest light entertainment magazine, heavy on illustrations, jokes and social commentary. The Luce Life was the first all-photographic American news magazine, the magazines role in the history of photojournalism is considered its most important contribution to publishing. Life was wildly successful for two generations before its prestige was diminished by economics and changing tastes, Life was founded January 4,1883, in a New York City artists studio at 1155 Broadway, as a partnership between John Ames Mitchell and Andrew Miller. Mitchell held a 75 per cent interest in the magazine with the remainder by Miller, both men retained their holdings until their deaths. Miller served as secretary-treasurer of the magazine and was very successful managing the side of the operation. Mitchell, a 37-year-old illustrator who used a $10,000 inheritance to invest in the weekly magazine, Mitchell created the first Life name-plate with cupids as mascots, he later drew its masthead of a knight leveling his lance at the posterior of a fleeing devil. Mitchell took advantage of a new printing process using zinc-coated plates. This edge helped because Life faced stiff competition from the humor magazines Judge and Puck. Edward Sandford Martin was brought on as Lifes first literary editor, the motto of the first issue of Life was, While theres Life, theres hope. The new magazine set forth its principles and policies to its readers and we shall try to domesticate as much as possible of the casual cheerfulness that is drifting about in an unfriendly world. The magazine was a success and soon attracted the leading contributors. Among the most important was Charles Dana Gibson, three years after the magazine was founded, the Massachusetts native first sold Life a drawing for $4, a dog outside his kennel howling at the moon. Encouraged by a publisher who was also an artist, Gibson was joined in Life early days by such illustrators as Palmer Cox
16.
Hyannis Port, Massachusetts
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Hyannis Port is a small residential village located in Barnstable, Massachusetts, United States. It is an affluent summer community on Hyannis Harbor 1.4 miles to the south-southwest of Hyannis and it has a small post office next door to a small seasonal convenience store, The News Shop and Gallery. It has one of the golf courses on Cape Cod, the Hyannisport Club, and is also home to the West Beach Club. St. Andrews-by-the-Sea Episcopal Church and the Union Chapel conduct Sunday services in the summer, Hyannis Port is the location of the Kennedy compound and other Kennedy family residences and as such is included in the National Register of Historic Places. There are three Kennedy houses on the compound, Roses, Jacks, and Ethels, rose Fitzgerald Kennedy was living in Hyannis Port and was the oldest resident in the town of Barnstable when she died at age 104. According to the 2000 U. S. Census on April 1, there were 147 vacant housing units,144 of which were for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use. Based on the family size of 2.97 persons. Media related to Hyannis Port, Massachusetts at Wikimedia Commons
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Massachusetts
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It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston, over 80% of Massachusetts population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution, during the 20th century, Massachusetts economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance. Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, in 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of Americas most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials. In 1777, General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory, which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances, in 1786, Shays Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. In the 18th century, the Protestant First Great Awakening, which swept the Atlantic World, in the late 18th century, Boston became known as the Cradle of Liberty for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution. The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War, Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist, temperance, in the late 19th century, the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke, respectively. Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state, including the Adams, both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Massachusetts public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance, the official name of the state is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. While this designation is part of the official name, it has no practical implications. Massachusetts has the position and powers within the United States as other states. Massachusetts was originally inhabited by tribes of the Algonquian language family such as the Wampanoag, Narragansett, Nipmuc, Pocomtuc, Mahican, and Massachusett. While cultivation of crops like squash and corn supplemented their diets, villages consisted of lodges called wigwams as well as longhouses, and tribes were led by male or female elders known as sachems. Between 1617 and 1619, smallpox killed approximately 90% of the Massachusetts Bay Native Americans, the first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, arrived via the Mayflower at Plymouth in 1620, and developed friendly relations with the native Wampanoag people. This was the second successful permanent English colony in the part of North America that later became the United States, the event known as the First Thanksgiving was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World which lasted for three days
18.
Golden Lion
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The Golden Lion is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the committee and is now regarded as one of the film industrys most distinguished prizes. In 1970, a second Golden Lion was introduced, this is an award for people who have made an important contribution to cinema. The prize was introduced in 1949 as the Golden Lion of Saint Mark, previously, the equivalent prize was the Gran Premio Internazionale di Venezia, awarded in 1947 and 1948. Before that, from 1934 until 1942, the highest awards were the Coppa Mussolini for Best Italian Film, no Golden Lions were awarded between 1969 and 1979. Sixty-eight produced a dramatic fracture with the past,14 French films have been awarded the Golden Lion, more than that of any other nation. However, there is considerable diversity in the winners. Five American filmmakers have won the Golden Lion, with awards for John Cassavetes and Robert Altman, as well as Ang Lee, Darren Aronofsky and Sofia Coppola. The Golden Lion, by contrast, has awarded to ten Asians during the same time period. Ang Lee won the Golden Lion twice within three years during the 2000s, once for an American film and once for a Chinese-language film, zhang Yimou has also won twice. Other Asians to win the Golden Lion since 1980 include Jia Zhangke, Hou Hsiao-Hsien, Tsai Ming-liang, Trần Anh Hùng, Takeshi Kitano, Kim Ki-duk, Jafar Panahi, Mira Nair, and Lav Diaz. Russian filmmakers have won the Golden Lion several times, including since the end of the USSR. Still, to date 33 of the 54 winners were European men, since 1949 only four women have ever won the Golden Lion for directing, Mira Nair, Sofia Coppola, German Margarethe von Trotta and Belgiums Agnès Varda. In comparison to the other major Western European festivals, the Berlinales Golden Bear has also awarded to four women. In the history of Cannes, only one woman filmmaker has been awarded the Palme dOr
19.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
20.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, one actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels. Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category, elizabeth I of England, Leslie Crosbie in The Letter, and Esther Blodgett in A Star is Born. Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting, they are Greta Garbo, Barbara Stanwyck, Mary Pickford, Deborah Kerr, Gena Rowlands, since its inception, the award has been given to 74 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars, meryl Streep, who has a total of 20 Oscar nominations, has been nominated in this category on 16 occasions, resulting in two awards. As of the 2017 ceremony, Emma Stone is the most recent winner in category for her role as Mia Dolan in La La Land. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
21.
White House
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The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States, located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D. C. It has been the residence of every U. S. president since John Adams in 1800, the term White House is often used to refer to actions of the president and his advisers, as in The White House announced that. The residence was designed by Irish-born architect James Hoban in the Neoclassical style, construction took place between 1792 and 1800 using Aquia Creek sandstone painted white. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he added low colonnades on each wing that concealed stables and storage. In 1814, during the War of 1812, the mansion was set ablaze by the British Army in the Burning of Washington, destroying the interior, reconstruction began almost immediately, and President James Monroe moved into the partially reconstructed Executive Residence in October 1817. Exterior construction continued with the addition of the semi-circular South portico in 1824, because of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later in 1909, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office, in the main mansion, the third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as an area for social events. East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space, by 1948, the houses load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the rooms were completely dismantled. Once this work was completed, the rooms were rebuilt. The Executive Residence is made up of six stories—the Ground Floor, State Floor, Second Floor, the property is a National Heritage Site owned by the National Park Service and is part of the Presidents Park. In 2007, it was ranked second on the American Institute of Architects list of Americas Favorite Architecture, in May 1790, New York began construction of Government House for his official residence, but he never occupied it. The national capital moved to Philadelphia in December 1790, the July 1790 Residence Act named Philadelphia, Pennsylvania the temporary national capital for a 10-year period while the Federal City was under construction. The City of Philadelphia rented Robert Morriss city house at 190 High Street for Washingtons presidential residence, the first president occupied the Market Street mansion from November 1790 to March 1797, and altered it in ways that may have influenced the design of the White House. As part of an effort to have Philadelphia named the permanent national capital, Pennsylvania built a much grander presidential mansion several blocks away. President John Adams also occupied the Market Street mansion from March 1797 to May 1800, on Saturday, November 1,1800, he became the first president to occupy the White House. The Presidents House in Philadelphia became a hotel and was demolished in 1832, the Presidents House was a major feature of Pierre Charles LEnfants plan for the newly established federal city, Washington, D. C
22.
Lyndon B. Johnson
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A Democrat from Texas, he previously served as a United States Representative from 1937 to 1949 and then as a United States Senator from 1949 to 1961. He spent six years as Senate Majority Leader, two as Senate Minority Leader, and two more as Senate Majority Whip, Johnson ran for the Democratic nomination in the 1960 presidential election. Although unsuccessful, he was chosen by then-Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts to be his running mate and they went on to win a close election over Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. Johnson was sworn in as Vice President on January 20,1961. Two years and ten months later, on November 22,1963 and he successfully ran for a full term in the 1964 election, winning by a landslide over Republican opponent Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona. He is one of four people who have served as President, Vice President, Senator. Johnson was renowned for his personality and the Johnson treatment. Assisted in part by an economy, the War on Poverty helped millions of Americans rise above the poverty line during his administration. With the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, Johnson escalated American involvement in the Vietnam War. In 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which granted Johnson the power to use force in Southeast Asia without having to ask for an official declaration of war. The number of American military personnel in Vietnam increased dramatically, from 16,000 advisors in non-combat roles in 1963 to 550,000 in early 1968, American casualties soared and the peace process bogged down. Growing unease with the war stimulated a large, angry antiwar movement based especially on university campuses in the U. S. and abroad. Johnson faced further troubles when summer riots broke out in most major cities after 1965, while he began his presidency with widespread approval, support for Johnson declined as the public became upset with both the war and the growing violence at home. In 1968, the Democratic Party factionalized as antiwar elements denounced Johnson, Republican Richard Nixon was elected to succeed him, as the New Deal coalition that had dominated presidential politics for 36 years collapsed. After he left office in January 1969, Johnson returned to his Texas ranch, historians argue that Johnsons presidency marked the peak of modern liberalism in the United States after the New Deal era. Johnson is ranked favorably by some historians because of his policies and the passage of many major laws, affecting civil rights, gun control, wilderness preservation. Lyndon Baines Johnson was born on August 27,1908, near Stonewall, Texas, in a farmhouse on the Pedernales River. Johnson had one brother, Sam Houston Johnson, and three sisters, Rebekah, Josefa, and Lucia, the nearby small town of Johnson City, Texas, was named after LBJs cousin, James Polk Johnson, whose forebears had moved west from Oglethorpe County, Georgia. Johnson had English, German, and Ulster Scots ancestry and he was maternally descended from pioneer Baptist clergyman George Washington Baines, who pastored eight churches in Texas, as well as others in Arkansas and Louisiana
23.
Lady Bird Johnson
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Claudia Alta Lady Bird Johnson was First Lady of the United States, as the wife of the 36th President of the United States, Lyndon B. Johnson. Notably well-educated for a woman of her era, she proved a capable manager and she bought a radio station, followed by a TV station, which generated revenues making them millionaires. As First Lady, she broke new ground by interacting directly with Congress, employing her own press secretary, Lady Bird Johnson was a lifelong advocate for beautifying the nations cities and highways. The Highway Beautification Act was informally known as Lady Birds Bill and she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest U. S. civilian honors. Claudia Alta Taylor was born in Karnack, Texas, a town in Harrison County and her birthplace was The Brick House, an antebellum plantation house on the outskirts of town, which her father had purchased shortly before her birth. She is a descendant of Rowland Taylor through his grandson Captain Thomas J. Taylor and she was named for her mothers brother Claud. During her infancy, her nursemaid, Alice Tittle, said that she was as purty as a ladybird, opinions differ about whether the name refers to a bird or a ladybird beetle, the latter of which is commonly referred to as a ladybug in North America. The nickname virtually replaced her first name for the rest of her life and her father and siblings called her Lady, and her husband called her Bird—the name she used on her marriage license. During her teenage years, some classmates would call her Bird to provoke her, a native of Alabama, her father had primarily English ancestry, and some Welsh and Danish. Her mother was also a native of Alabama, of English and Scottish descent and her father, Thomas Jefferson Taylor, was a sharecroppers son. He became a businessman, and owned 15,000 acres of cotton. My father was a strong character, to put it mildly. He lived by his own rules and it was a whole feudal way of life, really. Born Minnie Lee Pattillo, her mother loved opera and felt out of place in Karnack, when Lady Bird was five years old, Minnie fell down a flight of stairs while pregnant and died of complications of miscarriage. Her husband, however, tended to see blacks as hewers of wood and drawers of water, Lady Bird had two elder brothers, Thomas Jefferson Jr. and Antonio, also known as Tony. Her widowed father married twice more and his third wife was Ruth Scroggins, whom he married in 1937. She was largely raised by her maternal aunt Effie Pattillo, who moved to Karnack after her sisters death, Lady Bird also visited her Pattillo relatives in Autauga County, Alabama, every summer until she was a young woman. As she explained, Until I was about 20, summertime always meant Alabama to me
24.
Robert F. Kennedy
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Robert Francis Bobby Kennedy, commonly known by his initials RFK, was an American politician from Massachusetts. He served as the United States junior senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968. He was previously the 64th U. S. Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, serving under his older brother President John F. Kennedy and his successor, Kennedy was a member of the Democratic Party, and is seen as an icon of modern American liberalism. After serving in the United States Naval Reserve as a Seaman Apprentice from 1944 to 1946, Kennedy graduated from Harvard University, prior to entering public office, he worked as a correspondent for The Boston Post and as an assistant counsel to the Senate committee chaired by Joe McCarthy. Kennedy was the manager for his brother John in the 1960 presidential election. He was appointed Attorney General after the election and served as the closest adviser to the president from 1961 to 1963. His tenure is best known for its advocacy for the Civil Rights Movement, the fight against organized crime and the Mafia, after his brothers assassination, he remained in office in the Johnson administration for a few months. He left to run for the United States Senate in New York in 1964, in 1968, Kennedy was a leading candidate for the Democratic nomination for the presidency, he appealed especially to poor, African-American, Hispanic, Catholic and young voters. Robert F. Kennedy was born on November 20,1925, in Brookline, Massachusetts and his older brothers were Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. and John F. Jack Kennedy, who was elected the 35th President of the United States in 1960. His younger brother was longtime United States Senator Edward M. Ted Kennedy, all four of his grandparents were children of Irish immigrants. His father was a businessman and a leading Irish Catholic figure in the Democratic Party. After he stepped down as ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1940, Joe Sr. focused his attention on his oldest son, Joseph Jr. expecting that he would enter politics and be elected president. He also urged the children to examine and discuss current events in order to propel them to public service. After Joseph Jr. was killed during World War II, the senior Kennedys hopes fell on his son, John. Joseph Sr. had the money and connections to play a role in the familys political ambitions. Kennedys older brother John was often bedridden by illness and, as a result, although he made little effort to get to know his younger brother during his childhood, John would take him for walks and regale him with the stories of heroes and adventures he had read. One of their favorite authors was John Buchan, who wrote The Thirty-Nine Steps, John sometimes referred to Robert as Black Robert due to his prudishness and disposition. He described his position in the hierarchy by saying, When you come from that far down
25.
Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
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Arthur Meier Schlesinger Jr. was an American historian, social critic, and public intellectual. The son of the influential historian Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr. in particular, his work focused on leaders such as Harry S. Truman, Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Robert F. Kennedy. In the 1952 and 1956 presidential campaigns, he was a speechwriter and adviser to the Democratic presidential nominee both times, Adlai Stevenson II. Schlesinger served as assistant and court historian to President Kennedy from 1961 to 1963. In 1968, Schlesinger actively supported the campaign of Senator Robert F. Kennedy. Schlesinger wrote a biography, Robert Kennedy and His Times. He later popularized the term imperial presidency during the Nixon administration book of the same name, Schlesinger was born in Columbus, Ohio, the son of Elizabeth Harriet and Arthur M. Schlesinger, who was an influential social historian at Ohio State University and Harvard University. His paternal grandfather was a Prussian Jew who converted to Protestantism and his mother, a Mayflower descendant, was of German and New England ancestry, as well as a relative of historian George Bancroft, according to family tradition. Schlesinger attended the Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, and received his first degree at the age of 20 from Harvard College, where he graduated summa cum laude in 1938. After spending the 1938–1939 academic year at Peterhouse, Cambridge as a Henry Fellow, at the time, Fellows were not allowed to pursue advanced degrees, a requirement intended to keep them off the standard academic treadmill, as such, Schlesinger would never earn a doctorate. His fellowship was interrupted by the United States entering World War II, after failing his military medical examination, Schlesinger joined the Office of War Information. From 1943 to 1945, he served as an intelligence analyst in the Office of Strategic Services, Schlesingers service in the OSS allowed him time to complete his first Pulitzer Prize-winning book, The Age of Jackson, in 1945. From 1946 to 1954, he was a professor at Harvard. Schlesinger acted as the ADAs national chairman from 1953 to 1954, in the 1956 election, Schlesinger, along with 30-year-old Robert F. Kennedy, again worked on Stevensons campaign staff. Schlesinger had known John F. Kennedy since attending Harvard and increasingly socialized with Kennedy, during the 1960 campaign, Schlesinger supported Kennedy, causing much consternation to Stevenson loyalists. At the time, however, Kennedy was a candidate while Stevenson refused to run unless he was drafted at the convention. After Kennedy won the nomination, Schlesinger helped the campaign as a speechwriter, speaker, and member of the ADA. He also wrote the book Kennedy or Nixon, Does It Make Any Difference. in which he lauded Kennedys abilities and scorned Vice President Richard M. Nixon as having no ideas, only methods
26.
Jack Valenti
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Jack Joseph Valenti was a longtime president of the Motion Picture Association of America. During his 38-year tenure in the MPAA, he created the MPAA film rating system, Valenti was born on September 5,1921 in Houston, Texas, the son of Italian immigrants. During World War II, he was a first lieutenant in the United States Army Air Force, Valenti flew 51 combat missions as the pilot-commander of a B-25 medium bomber and received four decorations, including the Distinguished Flying Cross and Air Medal. Valenti graduated from the University of Houston in 1946 with a BBA, during his time there, he worked on the staff of the university newspaper, The Daily Cougar, and was president of the universitys student government. Valenti would later serve on the board of regents. In 1952, he and a partner named Weldon Weekley founded Weekley & Valenti, in 1956, Valenti met then Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson. Weekley & Valenti branched out into political consulting and added Representative Albert Thomas, in 1960, Valentis firm assisted in the Kennedy-Johnson presidential campaign. Following the assassination of President Kennedy, Valenti was present in the photograph of Lyndon Johnsons swearing in aboard Air Force One. He then became the first special assistant to Johnsons White House, Valenti later called Johnson the most single dominating human being that Ive ever been in contact with and the single most intelligent man Ive ever known. In a speech before the American Advertising Federation in 1965, Valenti said, I sleep each night a little better, a little more confidently, because Lyndon Johnson is my president. Valenti later attacked film director Oliver Stone for the 1991 movie JFK. Valenti called the movie a monstrous charade and said, I could not live with myself if I stood by mutely and let some filmmaker soil his memory. With Valentis arrival in Hollywood, the pair were lifelong allies, mr Valenti was a consummate salesman, who like all great salesmen. Worked himself up into believing the truth of his clients message, was a great actor working on the stage of Washington DC on behalf of an industry that appreciated his craft, but that never let him forget that the message was theirs and not his. In 1968, Valenti created the MPAA film rating system, the system initially comprised four distinct ratings, G, M, R, and X. The M rating would soon be replaced by GP, which was changed to PG. The X rating immediately proved troublesome, since it was not trademarked and therefore was used freely by the pornography industry, Films such as Midnight Cowboy and A Clockwork Orange were assumed to be pornographic because they carried the X rating. In 1990 the NC-17 rating was introduced as an adults only replacement for the non-trademarked X-rating. The PG-13 rating was added in 1984 to provide a range of distinction for audiences
27.
Beth Grant
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Beth Grant is an American character actress known for often playing conservatives, religious zealots, or sticklers for rules. Since 2012, she has been a regular on the television comedy The Mindy Project portraying the role of Beverly Janoszewski. She has appeared in the films No Country for Old Men, Speed, Donnie Darko, The Artist, Childs Play 2, Rain Man, Flatliners, Little Miss Sunshine, Sordid Lives, Dear Lemon Lima, Bad Words and Jackie. Grant was born on September 18,1949 in Gadsden, Alabama and she grew up in Kenansville, North Carolina. Her father was a poultry specialist and salesman and her mother worked as a manager for the North Carolina Employment Security Commission and was an activist for the Equal Rights Amendment. Grant credits her mother for providing the inspiration to become an actress and she graduated from East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Acting and Directing in 1973 and then travelled to New York to pursue a career in acting. She has appeared in dozens of films, including three Oscar Best Pictures, Rain Man, Speed, To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything, Grant guest starred as Gillian, Brady Kellys mother, in the third season of the acclaimed sitcom Husbands. Inspired by Mindy Kaling, Grant is also in the process of writing a Broadway musical and she is married to actor Michael Chieffo and has one daughter. Grant lives with her family in the neighborhood of Valley Village, ovation Awards 2010, Won the award for Lead Actress in a Play for the role of Grace in the Colony Theatre Company production of Grace & Glorie Beth Grant at the Internet Movie Database
28.
Richard E. Grant
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Richard E. Grant is a Swazi-English actor, screenwriter, director and perfumier. Grant was born Richard Grant Esterhuysen in Mbabane, Swaziland and his father, Henrik Esterhuysen, was head of education for the British government administration in the British Protectorate of Swaziland. His father had English and Dutch/Afrikaner ancestry and his mother was of English, as a boy, Grant went to primary school at St Marks, a local government school in Mbabane that had only recently become racially integrated. When Grant was ten years old, he witnessed his mother commit adultery on the seat of a car with his fathers best friend. This event inspired Grant to keep a diary, which he has continued to do ever since. Grant wears a watch on each wrist, one given to him by his dying father and he is a dual citizen of the United Kingdom and Swaziland. Grant attended secondary school at Waterford Kamhlaba United World College of Southern Africa, an independent school just outside Mbabane, Grant studied English and drama at the University of Cape Town. He adopted his name when he moved to Britain as an adult. Grant was a member of the Space Theatre Company in Cape Town before moving to London in 1982 and he later stated, I grew up in Swaziland when it was mired in a 1960s sensibility. The kind of English spoken where I grew up was a period English sound, charles Sturridge, who directed Brideshead Revisited for TV, said, you speak English like someone from the 1950s. Grants first film role was the perpetually inebriated title character in Withnail and I, in 1995, Grant starred as the titular character in Peter Capaldis short film Franz Kafkas Its a Wonderful Life. The film won the 1995 Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, Grant has twice portrayed the Doctor from Doctor Who, both outside the main continuity. In the comedy sketch Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death, he portrayed a version of the Tenth Doctor and he also voiced a version of the Ninth Doctor for the BBC original animated webcast Scream of the Shalka. The latter had intended to be the official Ninth Doctor prior the revival of the TV series, in August,2012, the BBC announced that Grant would join the cast of Doctor Who for The Snowmen, in which he plays a villain, Dr. Walter Simeon. Grant reprises the role in the series 7 finale, The Name of the Doctor, on 1 December 2006, Grant turned real life investigator when, with the help of BBC Newsnight, he exposed a $98 million scam to sell a bogus AIDS cure. Grant appeared as The Voice in 2+2+2 at American Nights at The Kings Head Theatre, from 3 to 29 July 2007, and in 2008 co-starred in the London-based comedy Filth and Wisdom. In 2008, he made his theatre debut with Opera Australia, playing the role of Henry Higgins in My Fair Lady, at the Theatre Royal. He played Alain Reille in Yasmina Rezas one-act play God of Carnage at the Theatre Royal, Bath, and subsequently at Cheltenham, Canterbury, Richmond, Brighton and Milton Keynes
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William Walton (painter)
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William Edwin Walton was an American journalist and abstract expressionist painter. He was a confidant of President John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Kennedy, Commission of Fine Arts from 1963 to 1971. Walton was born in 1909 or 1910 in Jacksonville, Illinois, to Joseph William and he was the youngest of three children, and had two older sisters, Helen and Ruth. His father owned and published the Jacksonville Journal-Courier, the local newspaper and his grandfather, Edwin Weller, was one of the first volunteers to serve in the Union Army in the American Civil War. As a boy, Walton often spent his summers on a farm near Charlevoix. Walton attended and graduated from the University of Wisconsin and he worked for his fathers newspaper after college, then got a job with the Associated Press. He moved to Springfield, Illinois, and then to Chicago before moving to New York City, Walton later worked for PM, a leftist newspaper in New York City. When World War II broke out, Walton began working for Time magazine, Walton met journalist Mary Welsh while they both worked for Time in England. Although he liked her and enjoyed her writing, he felt she lacked insight into the meaning of the events she was covering. Capa had also invited Ernest Hemingway to the party, although Welsh was not present, a mutual friend of hers introduced Walton to Hemingway. Hemingway and Walton soon became friends, in part because Hemingway was fascinated by Waltons forthcoming parachute jump. Walton parachuted into France with the 82nd Airborne Division on June 6, Hemingway gained access to liberated France shortly thereafter. When Walton was staying in Cherbourg in mid-July, Hemingway visited him numerous times under the pretense of bringing him his mail, Hemingway, Capa, and Walton also spent a week at newly liberated Mont Saint-Michel in August 1944, drinking and eating as much as they could. Hemingway and Walton accompanied one another during the first phase of the Battle of Hürtgen Forest in September and October 1944, during lulls in the shelling, Hemingway repeatedly told Walton how much he hated his mother. Hemingway loathed her because she had accepted money from him, even while she condemned the books he wrote on moral grounds, Hemingway later saved Waltons life during the battle. Hemingway recognized the sound of an oncoming German plane, and threw Walton out of the jeep they were riding in just moments before it was strafed, the two men parted, but met again on New Years Eve in London. Walton told Hemingway that he was going to have dinner with Hemingways wife, Hemingway and Gellhorn were on the verge of divorce after several rocky years of marriage. Hemingway invited himself to the dinner, Hemingway ridiculed and taunted his wife all night, and Walton stood up for her
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Ethel Kennedy
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Ethel Skakel Kennedy is an American human-rights campaigner and widow of Senator Robert F. Kennedy, who was assassinated while running for nomination as Democratic presidential candidate in 1968. As Ethel Skakel, she was a classmate of Kennedys sister Jean at Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart and she and Kennedy married in 1950 and had seven sons and four daughters. Their house, Hickory Hill at McLean, Virginia, was the scene of exclusive parties, soon after her husbands death, she founded the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights, a nonprofit charity working to realize RFKs dream of a just and peaceful world. In 2009, Ethel Kennedy was among the mourners at the funeral of her brother-in-law Ted Kennedy. In 2014, President Barack Obama awarded her a Presidential Medal of Freedom, Ethel Skakel was born in Chicago to businessman George Skakel and secretary Ann Brannack. She was the Skakels third daughter and sixth child, having five older siblings, Georgeann, James, George Jr. Rushton, and Patricia, George was a Protestant of Dutch descent while Ann was a Catholic of Irish ancestry. Ethel and her siblings were raised Catholic in Greenwich, Connecticut, George Skakel was the founder of Great Lakes Carbon Corporation, now a division of SGLCarbon. She attended the all-girls Greenwich Academy in Greenwich, as well as the Convent of the Sacred Heart in Manhattan, in September 1945, she began her college education at Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart, where she was a classmate of Jean Ann Kennedy. Ethel first met Jeans brother Robert Francis Bobby Kennedy during a ski trip to Mont Tremblant Resort in Quebec in December 1945, during this trip, he began dating Ethels elder sister, Patricia. After Kennedy and Patricias relationship ended, he began dating Ethel and she campaigned for his elder brother John Fitzgerald Jack Kennedy in his 1946 campaign for the United States Congress, and wrote her college thesis on his book Why England Slept. Robert and Ethel became engaged in February 1950, and were married on June 17,1950 and her wedding dress and bridal party gowns were created by noted New York City fashion designer Mamie Conti. As newlyweds, the moved to Charlottesville, Virginia, where they lived while Robert Kennedy finished his last year at the University of Virginia Law School. The couple had children, Kathleen, Joseph, Robert Jr. David, Courtney, Michael, Kerry, Christopher, Max, Douglas. Rory was born after Senator Kennedy was assassinated, after Robert F. Kennedy graduated with his law degree, the family settled in the Washington, D. C. area and Bobby went to work for the Department of Justice. That path did not last long, as Kennedy was asked by his family to manage his brother John Kennedys successful 1952 Senate campaign in Massachusetts, throughout the 1950s, he worked for the federal government in investigatory roles for the United States Senate. In 1956, the Kennedys purchased Hickory Hill from Bobbys brother Jack and his wife and they needed a larger house, since Ethel was pregnant with their fifth child, Courtney. This enormous 13-bedroom, 13-bath home was situated on 6 acres in McLean, Robert and Ethel Kennedy held many gatherings at their home. Whether it was a party or a formal dinner party
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John F. Kennedy Jr.
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John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr. often referred to as JFK Jr. or John John, was an American lawyer, journalist, and magazine publisher. He was the surviving son of former President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy. His father was assassinated three days before his third birthday, from his early childhood onwards, Kennedy was the subject of great media scrutiny, and he became a popular social figure of Manhattan. Trained as a lawyer, he worked as a New York City Assistant District Attorney for four years, in 1995, he launched George magazine, using his political and celebrity status to publicize it. Kennedy died along with his wife Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy and her elder sister Lauren in the crash of a plane he was piloting. Kennedy had intended to drop off Lauren at Marthas Vineyard before continuing to the wedding of his cousin Rory Kennedy in Hyannis Port, John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr. was born at Georgetown University Hospital on November 25,1960, two weeks after his father was elected president. His parents had a daughter named Arabella four years before John Jr. s birth. John Jr. had a sister, Caroline, and an infant brother, Patrick. His putative nickname, John-John, came from a reporter who misheard JFK calling him John twice in quick succession, John Jr. lived in the White House during the first three years of his life, and later remained in the public spotlight up until his death. His father was assassinated on November 22,1963, and the funeral was held three days later on John Jr. s third birthday. In a moment that became an image of the 1960s, John Jr. stepped forward. The family continued with their plans for a party, to demonstrate that the Kennedys would go on despite the death of their father. Following his fathers assassination, Kennedy moved to the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City with his mother and sister, where he grew up. In 1967, his mother took him and his sister Caroline on a sentimental journey to Ireland. After his uncle Robert was assassinated in 1968, his mother took him and his out of the United States, saying, If theyre killing Kennedys. I want to get out of this country, the same year, she married Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis, and the family went to live on his private island of Skorpios. Kennedy is said to have considered his stepfather a joke, in 1971, Kennedy returned to the White House with his mother and sister for the first time since the assassination. President Richard Nixons daughters gave Kennedy a tour that included his old bedroom, when Onassis died in 1975, he left Kennedy $25,000, though Jacqueline was able to renegotiate the will, and acquired $20 million for herself and her children
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