1.
Malibu, California
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Malibu is a beach city in Los Angeles County, California, situated 30 miles west of Downtown Los Angeles. Known for its Mediterranean climate, a 21-mile strip of the Malibu coast incorporated in 1991 into the City of Malibu, the area is known for being the home of Hollywood movie stars, people in the entertainment industry, and other affluent residents. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 12,645, signs around the city proclaim 27 miles of scenic beauty, referring to the historical 27-mile Malibu coast spanning from Tuna Canyon west to Point Mugu in Ventura County. Most Malibu residents live within a few hundred yards of Pacific Coast Highway, for many residents of the unincorporated canyon areas, Malibu has the closest commercial centers and are included in the Malibu zip codes. The city is bounded by Topanga to the east, the Santa Monica Mountains to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the south. Nicknamed the Bu by surfers and locals, beaches along the Malibu coast include Surfrider Beach, Zuma Beach, Malibu Beach, Topanga Beach, Point Dume Beach, County Line and they named it Humaliwo or the surf sounds loudly. The citys name derives from this, as the Hu syllable is not stressed, explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo is believed to have moored at Malibu Lagoon, at the mouth of Malibu Creek, to obtain fresh water in 1542. The Spanish presence returned with the California mission system, and the area was part of Rancho Topanga Malibu Sequit—a 13 and that ranch passed intact to Frederick Hastings Rindge in 1891. Few roads even entered the area before 1929, when the state won another court case, by then May Rindge was forced to subdivide her property and begin selling and leasing lots. In 1926, in an effort to selling land to stave off insolvency. At its height, Malibu Potteries employed over 100 workers, and produced decorative tiles which furnish many Los Angeles-area public buildings, the factory, located one-half mile east of the pier, was ravaged by a fire in 1931. Although the factory reopened in 1932, it could not recover from the effects of the Great Depression. A distinct hybrid of Moorish and Arts and crafts designs, Malibu tile is considered highly collectible. Fine examples of the tiles may be seen at the Adamson House and Serra Retreat, the unfinished building was sold to the Franciscan Order in 1942 and is operated as a retreat facility, Serra Retreat. It burned in the 1970 fire and was using many of the original tiles. Most of the Big Rock Drive area was purchased in 1936 by William Randolph Hearst and he sold the lower half of his holdings there in 1944 to Art Jones. Jones was one of the prominent early realtors in Malibu, starting with the leases of Rindge land in Malibu Colony. He was also the owner/part-owner of the Malibu Inn, Malibu Trading Post, mcAnany Way is named after him
2.
Actor
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
3.
Rapping
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The components of rapping include content, flow, and delivery. Rap differs from spoken-word poetry in that rap is performed in time to a beat. Rapping is often associated with and an ingredient of hip-hop music. Rapping is also used in Kwaito music, a genre originated in Johannesburg, South Africa. Another form of rap that predates hip hop was boxer Muhammad Alis rhythmic poetry used to taunt his opponents in the 1960s and 1970s, rapping can be delivered over a beat, typically provided by a DJ, turntablist or Beatboxer, or without accompaniment. Stylistically, rap occupies an area between speech, prose, poetry, and singing. The word, as used to describe quick speech or repartee, the word had been used in British English since the 16th century. It was part of the African American dialect of English in the 1960s meaning to converse, today, the terms rap and rapping are so closely associated with hip-hop music that many writers use the terms interchangeably. The English verb rap has various meanings, such as to strike, especially with a quick, smart, or light blow, as well to utter sharply or vigorously, to rap out a command. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary gives a date of 1541 for the first recorded use of the word with the meaning to utter sharply, vigorously and it is these meanings from which the musical form of rapping derives, and this definition may be from a shortening of repartee. A rapper refers to a performer who raps, by the late 1960s, when Hubert G. Brown changed his name to H. Rap was used to describe talking on records as early as 1971, on Isaac Hayes album Black Moses with track names such as Ikes Rap, Ikes Rap II, Ikes Rap III, Hayes husky-voiced sexy spoken raps became key components in his signature sound. Del the Funky Homosapien similarly states that rap was used to refer to talking in a manner in the early 1970s. Back then what rapping meant, basically, was you trying to convey something—youre trying to convince somebody, thats what rapping is, its in the way you talk. Rapping can be traced back to its African roots, centuries before hip-hop music existed, the griots of West Africa were delivering stories rhythmically, over drums and sparse instrumentation. Such connections have been acknowledged by modern artists, modern day griots, spoken word artists, mainstream news sources. Grammy-winning blues musician/historian Elijah Wald and others have argued that the blues were being rapped as early as the 1920s, Wald went so far as to call hip hop the living blues. A notable recorded example of rapping in blues music was the 1950 song Gotta Let You Go by Joe Hill Louis, not just jazz music and lyrics but also jazz poetry
4.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
5.
Will Smith
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Willard Carroll Will Smith Jr. is an American actor, producer, rapper, and songwriter. In April 2007, Newsweek called him the most powerful actor in Hollywood, Smith has been nominated for five Golden Globe Awards and two Academy Awards, and has won four Grammy Awards. In the late 1980s, Smith achieved modest fame as a rapper under the name The Fresh Prince, in 1990, his popularity increased dramatically when he starred in the popular NBC television series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, which ran for six seasons until 1996. After the series ended, Smith transitioned from television to film, Smith has been ranked as the most bankable star worldwide by Forbes. As of 2016, his films have grossed $7.5 billion at the box office. For his performances as boxer Muhammad Ali in Ali and stockbroker Chris Gardner in The Pursuit of Happyness, Smith received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor. Willard Carroll Smith Jr. was born on September 15,1968 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Caroline, a Philadelphia school board administrator and he grew up in West Philadelphias Wynnefield neighborhood, and was raised Baptist. He has three siblings, sister Pamela, who is four years older, and twins Harry and Ellen, Smith attended Our Lady of Lourdes, a private Catholic elementary school in Philadelphia. His parents separated when he was 13, but did not actually divorce until around 2000, though widely reported, it is untrue that Smith turned down a scholarship to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he never applied to college because he wanted to rap. Smith says he was admitted to a program at MIT for high school students. According to Smith, My mother, who worked for the School Board of Philadelphia, had a friend who was the officer at MIT. I had pretty high SAT scores and they needed black kids, but I had no intention of going to college. The trio was known for performing humorous, radio-friendly songs, most notably Parents Just Dont Understand and they gained critical acclaim and won the first Grammy awarded in the Rap category. Smith spent money freely around 1988 and 1989 and underpaid his income taxes, the Internal Revenue Service eventually assessed a $2.8 million tax debt against Smith, took many of his possessions, and garnished his income. Smith was nearly bankrupt in 1990, when the NBC television network signed him to a contract and built a sitcom, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, the show was successful and began his acting career. Will Smith set for himself the goal of becoming the biggest movie star in the world, Smiths first major roles were in the drama Six Degrees of Separation and the action film Bad Boys in which he starred opposite Martin Lawrence. In 1996, Smith starred as part of an ensemble cast in Roland Emmerichs Independence Day, the film was a massive blockbuster, becoming the second highest-grossing film in history at the time and establishing Smith as a prime box office draw. In the summer of 1997 he starred alongside Tommy Lee Jones in the summer hit Men in Black playing Agent J, in 1998, Smith starred with Gene Hackman in Enemy of the State
6.
Jada Pinkett Smith
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Jada Koren Pinkett–Smith is an American actress, dancer, singer-songwriter, and businesswoman. She began her career in 1990, when she made a guest appearance in the short-lived sitcom True Colors and she starred in A Different World, produced by Bill Cosby, and she featured opposite Eddie Murphy in The Nutty Professor. She starred in films such as Menace II Society and Set It Off. Pinkett Smith launched her career in 2002, when she helped create the metal band Wicked Wisdom. Smith also created a company, in addition to authoring a book. In 1997, she married actor Will Smith and they have two children, Jaden and Willow. Born in Baltimore, Maryland, Jada Koren Pinkett was named after her mothers favorite soap-opera actress, Pinkett Smith is of African American, West Indian, Creole, and Portuguese-Jewish ancestry. Her parents are Adrienne Banfield-Jones, the nurse of an inner-city clinic in Baltimore. Banfield-Jones became pregnant in high school, the married but divorced after several months. Banfield-Jones raised Pinkett with the help of her own mother, Marion Martin Banfield, Banfield noticed her granddaughters passion for the performing arts and enrolled her in piano, tap dance, and ballet lessons. She has a brother, actor/writer Caleeb Pinkett. Pinkett Smith has remained close to her mother and said, A mother and daughters relationship is usually the most honest and she also added, understood what I wanted and never stood in my way. She participated as the maid of honor in Banfield-Jones 1998 wedding to telecommunications executive Paul Jones, Pinkett Smith has shown great admiration for her grandmother, saying, My grandmother was a doer who wanted to create a better community and add beauty to the world. Pinkett Smith attended the Baltimore School for the Arts, where she met and she majored in dance and theatre and graduated in 1989. She continued her education at the North Carolina School of the Arts and she ultimately moved to Los Angeles, California, where she quickly found success in show business. She began her career in 1990, when she starred in an episode of True Colors. She then appeared in a pilot for a supernatural drama titled Moes World that was never aired. She received guest roles in shows such as Doogie Howser
7.
Willow Smith
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Willow Camille Reign Smith, known professionally as Willow, is an American singer, actress and dancer. She is the daughter of Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith, the sister of Jaden Smith. Smith made her debut in 2007 in the film I Am Legend and later appeared in Kit Kittredge. She received a Young Artist Award for her performance, Whip My Hair peaked at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100. The video was nominated for Video of the Year at the BET Awards of 2011 and she released her debut album, ARDIPITHECUS, on December 11,2015. Smith was born October 31,2000 in Los Angeles the daughter of actor-musician Will Smith and she has two older brothers, Trey Smith and actor-musician, Jaden Smith. Smith and her brothers are youth ambassadors for Project Zambi, which, in conjunction with Hasbro, Smith made her acting debut in I Am Legend alongside her father. Her next film, Kit Kittredge, An American Girl, was released on July 2,2008, in 2008, she voiced the character of young Gloria in Madagascar, Escape 2 Africa, alongside her mother as older Gloria. In June 2010, Smiths mother Jada Pinkett Smith announced in an interview on Lopez Tonight that Smith would be releasing an album, Smith then released her first single, Whip My Hair, which went platinum in the US and peaked at number 11. In the UK the single peaked at number two, Smith soon after announced her next single, 21st Century Girl. After she performed the song on The Oprah Winfrey Show, she released it the day on February 3,2011. The video was released March 9,2011, on January 20,2011, Will Smith announced he was planning to produce a remake of the famous comic strip Little Orphan Annie starring Smith in the title role. Jay-Z is also in talks to provide the music for the film, however, Smith was considered too old and the title role was given to Quvenzhané Wallis in February 2013. On October 6,2011, Fireball, a collaboration between Smith and rapper Nicki Minaj, was released, Fireball was a commercial failure, failing to chart in any type of music market, except the US R&B chart, charting at 121. It was her first song to miss the Billboard Hot 100, Smiths producer announced that they were almost finished working on her debut album, and that it would be done soon. He also said it has a style to Whip My Hair. The title of the album was announced to be Knees. It was scheduled to be released around April 2012, but was announced that it would be postponed for release later in the year
8.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
9.
Human voice
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The human voice consists of sound made by a human being using the vocal folds for talking, singing, laughing, crying, screaming, etc. The human voice frequency is specifically a part of sound production in which the vocal folds are the primary sound source. Generally speaking, the mechanism for generating the human voice can be subdivided into three parts, the lungs, the vocal folds within the larynx, and the articulators, the lung must produce adequate airflow and air pressure to vibrate vocal folds. The vocal folds are a vibrating valve that chops up the airflow from the lungs into audible pulses that form the sound source. The muscles of the larynx adjust the length and tension of the folds to ‘fine-tune’ pitch. The articulators articulate and filter the sound emanating from the larynx, the vocal folds, in combination with the articulators, are capable of producing highly intricate arrays of sound. The tone of voice may be modulated to suggest emotions such as anger, surprise, singers use the human voice as an instrument for creating music. Adult men and women typically have different sizes of vocal fold, adult male voices are usually lower-pitched and have larger folds. The male vocal folds, are between 17 mm and 25 mm in length, the female vocal folds are between 12.5 mm and 17.5 mm in length. The folds are within the larynx and they are attached at the back to the arytenoids cartilages, and at the front to the thyroid cartilage. They have no outer edge as they blend into the side of the tube while their inner edges or margins are free to vibrate. They have a three layer construction of an epithelium, vocal ligament, then muscle, which can shorten and they are flat triangular bands and are pearly white in color. Above both sides of the cord is the vestibular fold or false vocal cord, which has a small sac between its two folds. The difference in vocal folds size between men and women means that they have differently pitched voices, additionally, genetics also causes variances amongst the same sex, with mens and womens singing voices being categorized into types. For example, among men, there are bass, baritone, tenor and countertenor, there are additional categories for operatic voices, see voice type. This is not the source of difference between male and female voice. Men, generally speaking, have a vocal tract, which essentially gives the resultant voice a lower-sounding timbre. This is mostly independent of the folds themselves
10.
Columbia Records
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Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. the United States division of Sony Corporation. It was founded in 1887, evolving from an enterprise named the American Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the sound business. Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of singers, instrumentalists. It is one of Sony Musics three flagship record labels alongside RCA Records and Epic Records, rather, as above, it was connected to CBS, a broadcasting media company which had purchased the company in 1938, and had been co-founded in 1927 by Columbia Records itself. Though Arista Records was sold to Bertelsmann Music Group, it would become a sister label of Columbia Records through its mutual connection to Sony Music. The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded in 1887 by stenographer, lawyer and New Jersey native Edward Easton and it derived its name from the District of Columbia, where it was headquartered. At first it had a monopoly on sales and service of Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington. As was the custom of some of the regional companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own. Columbias ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company were severed in 1894 with the North American Phonograph Companys breakup, thereafter it sold only records and phonographs of its own manufacture. In 1902, Columbia introduced the XP record, a brown wax record. According to Gracyk, the molded brown waxes may have sold to Sears for distribution. Columbia began selling records and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901, preceded only by their Toy Graphophone of 1899. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the Edison Phonograph Company cylinders and the Victor Talking Machine Company disc records as one of the top three names in American recorded sound. In order to add prestige to its catalog of artists. The firm also introduced the internal-horn Grafonola to compete with the extremely popular Victrola sold by the rival Victor Talking Machine Company, during this era, Columbia used the famous Magic Notes logo—a pair of sixteenth notes in a circle—both in the United States and overseas. Columbia was split into two companies, one to make records and one to make players, Columbia Phonograph was moved to Connecticut, and Ed Easton went with it. Eventually it was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation, in late 1923, Columbia went into receivership
11.
Roc Nation
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Roc Nation, LLC is an American entertainment company founded by Jay Z & Jay Brown in 2008. The company has offices in New York City, London, Nashville, Austin, the company also has partnerships with global management companies Three Six Zero Urban Media Global Network Collective and Philymack. Rj Entertainment World Wide based in Austin, Texas In 2008, the firm has a multi-year partnership with live event company Live Nation. In June 2009, Roc Nation signed a 4-year distribution deal with Sony Music, in 2010, Roc Nation partnered with London-based entertainment company Three Six Zero Group. In February 2013, Roc Nation signed a music publishing administration deal with Warner/Chappell Music. In April 2013, Roc Nation formed a new sports management division, Roc Nation Sports, shortly thereafter, Roc Nation Sports also launched a boxing promotion division. After the Sony deal expired, in April 2013, Roc Nation signed a partnership with Universal Music. In February 2015, Roc Nation and Three Six Zero Group announced the formation of Three Six Zero Entertainment, a division representing clients in film, television and the literary arts. In November 2016, the administrator of Princes estate authorized a copyright lawsuit against Roc Nation for putting 15 Prince albums up on the streaming service Tidal. In beginning of March 2017, Roc Nation announced the formation of Arrive, jahlil Beats Lab Ox Ludwig Göransson L1 Stress Roc Nation albums discography Roc Nation singles discography RocNation. com
12.
Justin Bieber
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Justin Drew Bieber is a Canadian singer and songwriter. After a talent manager discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and signed to RBMG, Bieber released his debut EP, My World and it was certified Platinum in the U. S. He became the first artist to have seven songs from a record chart on the Billboard Hot 100. Bieber released his first full-length studio album, My World 2.0 and it debuted at or near number one in several countries, was certified triple Platinum in the U. S. and contained his most successful single at the time, Baby. He released his studio album, Under the Mistletoe, in November 2011. Bieber released his studio album, Believe, in 2012. His fourth studio album Purpose was released in November 2015 to commercial success and his U. S. album and singles sales total 44.7 million. He has sold an estimated 100 million records, making him one of the world’s best-selling music artists, Bieber has won numerous awards, including the American Music Award for Artist of the Year in 2010 and 2012. In his career, he has won one Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording for the song Where Are Ü Now at the 2016 ceremony. He has been listed four times by Forbes magazine among the top ten most powerful celebrities in the world in 2011,2012, Bieber also became the first artist to surpass 10 billion total video views on Vevo. Bieber was born on March 1,1994, in London, Ontario, at St Josephs Hospital and he is the only child of Jeremy Jack Bieber and Patricia Pattie Mallette. Pattie raised her son with the help of her mother, Diane and his mother is of French-Canadian descent, his paternal great-grandfather was of German ancestry, and his other roots are English, Scottish and Irish. He has also claimed that he has some undetermined Aboriginal Canadian ancestry, through Jeremy, Bieber has two younger half-siblings, Jazmyn and Jaxon. Pattie worked a series of low-paying office jobs, raising Bieber as a mother in low-income housing. Bieber has maintained contact with his father, Bieber attended a French-language immersion elementary school in Stratford, the Jeanne Sauvé Catholic School. Growing up, he learned to play the piano, drums, guitar and he graduated from high school in Stratford, Ontario, the St. Michael Catholic Secondary School in 2012 with a 4.0 GPA. In early 2007, aged 12, Bieber sang Ne-Yos So Sick for a singing competition in Stratford and was placed second. Mallette posted a video of the performance on YouTube for their family and she continued to upload videos of Bieber singing covers of various R&B songs, and Biebers popularity on the site grew
13.
Donald Glover
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Donald McKinley Glover is an American actor, writer, producer, director, comedian, rapper, singer, and songwriter. As a recording artist, he performs under the stage name Childish Gambino. He first came to attention for his work with Derrick Comedy and and he later portrayed community college student Troy Barnes on the NBC sitcom Community. He currently stars in the FX series Atlanta, which he also created and he will appear in Spider-Man, Homecoming, and has been cast as the young Lando Calrissian in the upcoming, untitled standalone Han Solo Star Wars movie. He will also provide the voice of Simba in a remake of the Disney film The Lion King, after several self-released albums and mixtapes, Glover signed to Glassnote Records in 2011. He released his first album, Camp, on November 15,2011 to generally positive reviews and his second studio album, Because the Internet, was released on December 10,2013. Glover was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 2015, Best Rap Album for Because the Internet and Best Rap Performance for his single 3005, Glovers third album, Awaken, My Love. was released on December 2,2016. Glover was born at Edwards Air Force Base, California, and raised in Stone Mountain and his mother, Beverly, is a retired daycare provider, and his father, Donald Sr. is a retired postal worker. His parents also served as foster parents for 14 years, Glover was raised as a Jehovahs Witness. He attended DeKalb School of the Arts and was voted Most Likely to Write for The Simpsons in his high school yearbook, Glover graduated from New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts with a degree in dramatic writing in 2006. In 2006, Glover was contacted by David Miner, to whom he sent writing samples including a script that he had written for The Simpsons. Miner and Tina Fey were impressed by Glovers work and invited him to become a writer for the NBC series 30 Rock, Glover was a writer for 30 Rock from 2006 to 2009, where he also had occasional cameo appearances. He was presented the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Comedy Series at the February 2009 ceremony for his work on the third season, Glovers stage name, Childish Gambino, came from the Wu-Tang Clans name generator. On June 5,2008, he released an independent album, the group wrote and starred in a feature-length film, Mystery Team, released in theaters in 2009. On September 17,2009, Childish Gambino released the independent album Poindexter, a pair of mixtapes, titled I Am Just a Rapper and I Am Just A Rapper 2 were released, in close succession in 2010. Robert Scahill added his producing expertise helping with the majority of the tracks, the track listings for those mixtapes consist of the name of the song he raps, followed by the song he raps over. His second album, Culdesac, was set to be released on July 2,2010, the album was made available on July 3. He has disowned his 2005 album, The Younger I Get, Glovers stand-up special aired on Comedy Central on March 19,2010
14.
Tyler, the Creator
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Tyler Gregory Okonma, better known by his stage name Tyler, The Creator, is an American rapper, record producer, and music video director. Okonma creates all the artwork for the releases and designs the groups clothing. After releasing his debut album Goblin under XL Recordings, in April 2011, he signed a joint venture deal for him and his label Odd Future Records, with RED Distribution and Sony Music Entertainment. Following that he released his studio album Wolf, which was met with generally positive reviews. He has his own clothing company, called Golf Wang, started in 2011, and he runs his own streaming service Golf Media, Camp Flog Gnaw streams there yearly and contains original scripted series from Tyler himself. Okonma was born in Ladera Heights, California, to a Nigerian father and he has said that he has never met his father, and spent his early life living in the communities of Ladera Heights and Hawthorne, California. At the age of seven, he would take the cover out of an albums case, at the age of 14, he taught himself to play the piano. In his 12 years of schooling, he attended 12 different schools in the Los Angeles and he worked at FedEx for just under two weeks, and Starbucks for over two years. On December 25,2009, Tyler self-released his first mixtape, the mixtape was eventually ranked 32nd on Pitchfork Medias list of the Top Albums of 2010. On February 11,2011, Tyler released the video for Yonkers, the first single from his second album, Goblin. The video has received attention from online media outlets. An extended version with a third verse can be purchased on iTunes, after the release of Yonkers, Tyler announced that he had signed a one-album deal with XL Recordings. Tyler and fellow OF member Hodgy Beats made their debut on February 16,2011 when they performed Sandwitches on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon. On March 16, Tyler and Hodgy performed Yonkers and Sandwitches on the 2011 mtvU Woodie Awards, Goblin was released on May 10,2011. During an interview with Tyler for Interview, Waka Flocka Flame expressed his interest in collaborating with the Odd Future frontman to direct a video for him. Tyler first mentioned the album in early 2010 saying that he would have an album titled Wolf, in early 2011 he told fans through his Formspring account that his third album would be called Wolf and it was scheduled to be released in May 2012. The album will continue Tylers sessions with his fictional therapist, Dr. TC, as hinted by the track on his first album, Bastard. Tylers third album Wolf, released on April 2,2013, in August 2011, Tyler said that the album will be more focused on beats and have less rapping
15.
The Pursuit of Happyness
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The Pursuit of Happyness is a 2006 American biographical drama film based on entrepreneur Chris Gardners nearly one-year struggle being homeless. Directed by Gabriele Muccino, the film features Will Smith as Gardner, Smiths son Jaden Smith co-stars, making his film debut as Gardners son, Christopher Jr. The screenplay by Steven Conrad is based on the eponymous memoir written by Gardner with Quincy Troupe. The film was released on December 15,2006, by Columbia Pictures, for his performance, Smith was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for Best Actor. The unusual spelling of the title comes from a mural that Gardner sees on the wall outside the daycare facility his son attends. He complains to the owner of the daycare that happiness is incorrectly spelled as happyness, the scanners play a vital role in Chriss life. While he is able to sell most of them, the lag between the sales and his growing financial demands enrage his already bitter and alienated wife Linda. The financial instability increasingly erodes their marriage, in spite of them caring for their five-year-old son, while downtown trying to sell one of the scanners, Gardner meets Jay Twistle, a manager for Dean Witter Reynolds and impresses him by solving a Rubiks Cube during a taxi ride. After Jay leaves, Gardner lacks money to pay the fare, Gardner boards a train but loses one of his scanners in the process. His new relationship with Jay earns him the chance to become an intern stockbroker, the day before the interview, Gardner grudgingly agrees to paint his apartment so as to postpone being evicted due to his difficulty in paying the rent. While painting, Gardner is greeted by two policemen at his doorstep, who take him to the station, stating he has to pay for his numerous parking tickets he has accumulated. As part of the sanction, Gardner is ordered to spend the night in jail and he manages to arrive at Dean Witters office on time, albeit still in his shabby clothes. Despite his appearance, he impresses the interviewers, and lands an unpaid internship and he would be amongst 20 interns competing for a paid position as a broker. Gardners unpaid internship does not please Linda, who leaves for New York because she might get a job at her sisters boyfriends new restaurant. He ends up less than $22, resulting in them being homeless. Other days, he and Christopher spend nights at a shelter, in BART, or, if he manages to procure cash. Later, Gardner finds the bone scanner that he lost in the BART station and, after repairing it, sells it to a physician, one sympathetic prospect who is a top-level pension fund manager even takes him and his son to a San Francisco 49ers game. Regardless of his challenges, he never reveals his lowly circumstances to his colleagues, even going so far as to one of his bosses five dollars for cab fare
16.
The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008 film)
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The Day the Earth Stood Still is a 2008 American science fiction film, a loose adaptation of the 1951 film of the same name. The screenplay by David Scarpa is based on the 1940 classic science fiction short story Farewell to the Master by Harry Bates and it follows Klaatu, an alien sent to try to change human behavior or eradicate humans from Earth. The film was scheduled for release on May 9,2008. In its opening week, the film took top spot at the U. S. box office, the Day the Earth Stood Still was released on home video on April 7,2009. In 1928, a solitary mountaineer encounters a glowing sphere and he loses consciousness and when he wakes, the sphere has gone and there is a scar on his hand where a sample of his DNA has been taken. In the present day, a moving object is detected beyond Jupiters orbit. It is moving at 30,000 kilometers per second, enough to all life on Earth. The United States government hastily assembles a group of scientists, including Dr. Helen Benson and her friend Dr. Michael Granier, as it nears the planet, the object slows down just before impact. Revealed to be a spherical spaceship, it lands gently in Central Park. The sphere is surrounded by NYPD and heavily armed US military forces. An alien emerges and Helen moves forward to greet it, but amidst the confusion, a gigantic robot appears and temporarily disables everything in the vicinity before the wounded alien voices the command Klaatu barada nikto to shut down the robots defensive response. The aliens exterior is found to be a space suit. The being quickly ages into Klaatu, who looks like the mountaineer from 1928, Klaatu informs Secretary of Defense Regina Jackson that he is a representative of a group of civilizations, sent to talk to the leaders of Earth about saving the planet. When Jackson instead sends him to be interrogated, Klaatu escapes and reconnects with Helen and her stepson, Jacob, the presence of the sphere, and other smaller ones that begin to appear all over the world, causes widespread panic. The military launches an attack on the Central Park sphere. The military takes an approach, cautiously enclosing the robot, soon nicknamed GORT, and transporting it to Mount Weather. Klaatu meets with another alien, Mr. Wu, who has lived on Earth for 70 years, Wu tells Klaatu that he has found the human race to be destructive, stubborn and unwilling to change, which matches Klaatus experiences. Klaatu orders the smaller spheres to collect specimens of animal species and he clarifies for Helen that he means to save the Earth from destruction by humankind
17.
The Day the Earth Stood Still
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The screenplay was written by Edmund H. North, based on the 1940 science fiction short story Farewell to the Master by Harry Bates. The score was composed by Bernard Herrmann, in 1995 the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. When a flying saucer lands in Washington, D. C. the Army quickly surrounds it, a humanoid emerges, announcing that he has come in peace. When he unexpectedly opens a device, he is shot by a nervous soldier. A tall robot emerges from the saucer and quickly disintegrates the soldiers weapons, the alien orders the robot, Gort, to stop. He explains that the device was a gift for the President which would have enabled him to study life on the other planets. The alien, Klaatu, is taken to Walter Reed Hospital, after surgery, he uses a salve to quickly heal his wound. Meanwhile, the Army is unable to enter the saucer, Gort stands outside, silent, Klaatu tells the Presidents secretary, Mr. Harley, that he has a message that must be delivered to all the worlds leaders simultaneously. Harley tells him such a meeting in the current political climate is impossible. Klaatu suggests that he be allowed to go among humans to understand their unreasoning suspicions. Harley rejects the proposal, and Klaatu remains under guard, Klaatu escapes and lodges at a boarding house as Mr. Carpenter, the name on the dry cleaners tag on a suit he borrowed. Among the residents are young widow Helen Benson and her son Bobby, the next morning, Klaatu listens to the boarders speculate about why the alien has come. While Helen and her boyfriend Tom Stephens go out, Klaatu babysits Bobby, the boy takes Klaatu on a tour of the city, including a visit to his fathers grave in Arlington National Cemetery, Klaatu learns that most of those buried there were killed in wars. The two visit the Lincoln Memorial, then the heavily guarded spaceship, Klaatu asks Bobby who is the greatest living person, Bobby suggests Professor Barnhardt, who lives in the capital. Bobby takes Klaatu to Barnhardts home, but the professor is absent, Klaatu adds an equation to a problem on Barnhardts blackboard and leaves his contact information with the suspicious housekeeper. That evening, a government agent takes Klaatu to Barnhardt, Klaatu explains that the people of other planets have safety concerns now that humanity has developed rockets and a rudimentary form of atomic power. Klaatu declares that if his message is ignored, Earth will be eliminated, Barnhardt agrees to gather scientists from around the world at the saucer, he then suggests that Klaatu give a harmless demonstration of his power. Klaatu returns to his ship that night, unaware that Bobby has followed him, Bobby sees Gort knock out two sentries and Klaatu enter the saucer
18.
The Karate Kid (2010 film)
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The Karate Kid is a 2010 Chinese-American martial arts drama film directed by Harald Zwart. It stars Jaden Smith, Jackie Chan and Taraji P. Henson in lead roles, the screenplay by Christopher Murphey was from the story written by Robert Mark Kamen for the original 1984 film of the same name. Unlike the original, this remake is set in China, the films music was composed by James Horner. Principal photography took place in Beijing, China and filming began around July 2009, the Karate Kid was released theatrically worldwide on June 11,2010 by Sony Pictures. The Karate Kid received mixed reviews and it earned $359.1 million on a $40 million budget, the plot concerns 12-year-old Dre from Detroit, Michigan who moves to Beijing, China with his mother and runs afoul of the neighborhood bully. He makes an ally in the form of an aging maintenance man, Mr. Han. 12-year-old Dre Parker and his mother Sherry move from Detroit to Beijing after Sherry gets a job transfer at her car factory, after a day in a Chinese park, Dre develops a crush on a young violinist, Meiying, who reciprocates his attention. During an attack one day, the maintenance man Mr. Han comes to Dres aid, after Han mends Dres injuries using fire cupping, Dre asks if Mr. Han could teach him kung fu to get revenge on his attackers. Han refuses, but meets Chengs teacher Master Li to make peace, Li, who teaches his students to show no mercy to their enemies, insists that Han or Dre must fight his students. Li accepts the offer, but tells Han that if Dre does not show up and he teaches this by having Dre go through various actions with his jacket, which teaches Dre muscle memory moves. Han then takes Dre to a temple in the Wudang Mountains where he trained with his father years ago. He drinks the water from a secret, ancient Chinese well for good luck, during the course of their training, Han gives Dre a day off and, as Dres relationship with Meiying continues, he persuades her to cut school for a day of fun. Dismayed, Dre goes to Han that night, only to find him smashing a car he was working on, apparently drunk. Han tells Dre that he crashed the same car years ago during a dispute with his wife, Han fixes the car every year but smashes it to help him remember the day they died. Dre works much harder in his training in order to help Han get over the incident. Han assists Dre in reading a note of apology to Meiyings father in Chinese, impressed and forgiving, he accepts and promises that Meiying, at the tournament, Dre is initially intimidated, but soon begins beating his opponents and advances to the semifinals. Cheng, who finishes off his opponents violently, also does so, Dre comes up against Liang, one of Lis more sympathetic students and the least vicious of Dres tormentors. Under Lis goading, Liang severely hurts Dres leg and is disqualified as a result, despite Hans insistence that he has already earned respect for his performance, Dre convinces him to mend his leg by using the ancient Chinese fire cupping technique in order to continue fighting
19.
The Karate Kid
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It is an underdog story in the mold of a previous success, the 1976 film Rocky, which Avildsen also directed. The Karate Kid was a success upon release and garnered critical acclaim. The film became the first in a series, spawning three sequels and a remake in 2010, high school senior Daniel LaRusso and his mom, Lucille, move from Newark, New Jersey to Reseda, Los Angeles, California. When they arrive, Daniel meets a neighbor named Freddy Fernandez and their maintenance man is an eccentric but kind and humble Okinawan immigrant named Kesuke Miyagi. At the beach party, Daniel meets Ali Mills, a high school cheerleader from Encino, the two fall for each other, which draws the attention of Johnny Lawrence, Alis ex-boyfriend. Johnny is the top student of a karate dojo called Cobra Kai, Johnny and his gang continue to bully, bother, and harass him. At a Halloween party, Daniel douses Johnny with water, leading to a chase, Daniel is eventually caught and beaten savagely, but Mr. Miyagi arrives and rescues him and beats up the five attackers with ease. Amazed, Daniel asks Miyagi to teach him to fight, Miyagi refuses, but agrees to accompany Daniel to the Cobra Kai dojo to resolve the conflict. They meet with the sensei, John Kreese, an ex-Special Forces Vietnam veteran, Miyagi proposes that Daniel will enter the Under-18 All-Valley Karate Tournament, where he can compete with all the Cobra Kai students, and he requests that the bullying cease while Daniel trains. Kreese agrees to the terms, but warns that if Daniel doesnt show up at the tournament, Daniels training starts with menial chores he believes only makes him Miyagis slave. When he becomes frustrated, it is explained that these actions have helped him learn defensive blocks through muscle memory, Daniel applies the life lessons that Miyagi taught him to strengthen his relationship with Ali. At the tournament, Daniel unexpectedly reaches the semi-finals, bobby reluctantly does so, getting disqualified in the process. Daniel is taken to the room, where the physician determines that he cant continue. So he convinces Miyagi to use a pain suppression technique so that he can continue, as Johnny is about to be declared the winner by default, Ali tells the master of ceremonies that Daniel will fight. Daniel then hobbles into the ring and faces Johnny, the match is halted when Daniel uses a scissor leg technique to trip Johnny and deliver a blow to the back of the head, giving him a nose bleed. Kreese orders Johnny to sweep Daniels injured leg, an unethical move, Johnny is horrified at the order, insisting he can beat Daniel legitimately, but obeys under Kreeses intimidation. As the match continues, Johnny seizes Daniels leg and delivers a vicious blow, Daniel, standing with difficulty, assumes the Crane stance, a technique he observed Miyagi performing on the beach. Johnny lunges toward Daniel, who jumps and delivers a kick to Johnnys chin, having gained respect towards his nemesis, Johnny takes Daniels trophy from the master of ceremonies and presents it to Daniel himself as Daniel is carried off by the enthusiastic crowd
20.
After Earth
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After Earth is a 2013 American science fiction film directed by M. Night Shyamalan, who co-wrote it with Gary Whitta, based on an original story idea by Will Smith. The film was released in IMAX on May 31,2013, the film was a box office disappointment worldwide, grossing $243 million against a production budget of $130 million. In the 21st century, an environmental cataclysm forces the race to abandon Earth and to settle on a new world. One thousand years later, the Ranger Corps, an organization commanded by General Cypher Raige, comes into conflict with the Skrell. Their secret weapons are the Ursas, large predatory creatures that hunt by sensing fear, the Rangers struggle against the Ursas until Cypher learns how to completely suppress his fear, a technique called ghosting. After teaching this technique to the other Rangers, he leads the Ranger Corps to victory, meanwhile, Cyphers son Kitai Raige blames himself for the death of his sister Senshi at the hands of an Ursa. Kitai trains to become a Ranger like Cypher, but his application is rejected due to his recklessness, kitais mother Faia convinces Cypher to take Kitai on his last voyage before retirement. During their flight, however, an asteroid shower forces their spaceship to crash-land on the now-quarantined Earth, both of Cyphers legs are broken, and the main emergency rescue beacon damaged. Cypher instructs Kitai to locate the tail section of the ship, inside is the backup beacon which they can use to signal Nova Prime. Cypher gives Kitai his weapon, a wrist communicator, and six capsules of a fluid that enhances the oxygen intake so he can breathe in Earths low-oxygen atmosphere, Cypher warns him to avoid the highly evolved fauna and flora, and to beware of violent thermal shifts. Kitai leaves to find the section, with Cypher guiding him through the communicator. Giant baboons attack Kitai, and during his escape a poisonous leech bites him, Kitai administers the antidote, but two of his capsules become damaged and his nervous system shuts down. When Kitai awakens, he escapes a thermal shift. Kitai lies to Cypher, not informing him of the damaged capsules, the following day Kitai reaches a mountaintop, and Cypher learns about the broken capsules. Knowing that the way to complete the journey with only two capsules would be to skydive, Cypher orders Kitai to abort the mission. Believing his father sees him as a disappointment, Kitai blames Senshis death on Cyphers absence on the day of the attack. He skydives from the mountaintop, but a large eagle captures him, Kitai wakes in the eagles nest, surrounded by its chicks. Tigers attack the chicks, and Kitai defends, however, he fails to defend the chicks, the eagle attacks the tigers, and Kitai escapes
21.
New Village Leadership Academy
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New Village Leadership Academy, also known as New Village Academy, was a private elementary school located in Calabasas, California, USA. Indian Hills High School previously used the campus, and in 2008 actor Will Smith funded New Village Academy, Smith and his wife Jada Pinkett-Smith selected the management for the school. Educational methodologies used by the school include Study Technology, Montessori, Gardner, the school shut down on 28 June 2013 and is no longer active. The schools campus was used by Indian Hills High School. In 2008, actor Will Smith paid US$889,000 to lease the Calabasas campus for three years, restructuring it from a school to a private elementary school called New Village Academy. The school is located close to Will Smiths home in Calabasas, prior to New Village Academy, Smith and Pinkett Smiths two children were home schooled by their mother. The school was founded by the Smiths, who say they are not Scientologists, Smith and his wife installed their current director of philanthropy, Jana Babatunde-Bey, as the executive director of the school and Jacqueline Olivier as Head of School. New Village Academy was born of a question, Is it possible to create an educational environment in which children have fun learning. Jada and I believe the answer is Yes, said Smith in a released statement. A spokesperson for Will Smith told The Guardian, Will is leasing the campus for three years, plus hell cover all costs such as utilities, the academy will be run privately, and will include pre-kindergarten through grade six. New Village Academys Calabasas facilities opened in 2008, in March 2009 the Associated Press reported that Jada Pinkett-Smith planned to open a companion high-school. Federal tax filing showed that Will Smith donated $1.2 million to the school in 2010, educational methodologies used by the school included Montessori, Gardner, Jerome Bruner, and Study Technology. Subjects included in the curriculum include mathematics, literacy, Spanish, karate, yoga, robotics, technology, etiquette, art. New Village Academy served organic meals to students, and laptops were available to all students. The school encouraged parental involvement and restricted access to television, tuition was approximately $22,500 per year to attend the school, and 80% of the students would receive financial assistance. The staff includes a number of Scientologists, including the Director of Learning, Director of Qualifications and Artistic Director, New Village Academys Director of Learning, formerly the director of HELP in Boston, graduated from the Scientology Delphi School in Milton, Massachusetts. The schools website lists Study Technology, a form of education developed by Church of Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard, the website utilizes Scientology terminology including spiraling and gradient in order to illustrate how students learn in the schools programs. The schools motto Spiral Up has been compared to Scientologys term dwindling spiral, when a student needs to be disciplined they are taken to the ethics teacher
22.
Hasbro
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/ˈhæzbroʊ/ is an American multinational toy and board game company. Hasbro is the third largest toy maker in the world with revenues of approximately $4.45 billion, Hasbro acquired the trademarks and products of Kenner, Parker Brothers and Milton Bradley, among others. Among its toy and game products are the iconic Monopoly board game, Joe figurine, Furby electronic stuffed animal, Transformers mechanical toys and My Little Pony. The Hasbro brand also spawned TV shows, such as Family Game Night on the Discovery Family network, the corporate headquarters is located in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. The majority of its products are manufactured in East Asia, in 1923, three brothers named Herman, Hillel and Henry Hassenfeld founded Hassenfeld Brothers, a company selling textile remnants, in Providence, Rhode Island. Over the next two decades, the company expanded to produce pencil cases and school supplies, in 1926, Hassenfeld Brothers was incorporated, with Hillel leaving for another textile business while Henry took charge of the corporation. With cost of rising and their pencil supplier making pencil cases. In the 1940s, Hassenfeld Brothers produced doctor and nurse kits, its first toys, with Hillels death in 1943, Henry Hassenfeld became CEO while his son, Merrill, became president. The company entered the fields during World War II to support its toy line. Hassenfeld Brothers first toy hit was Mr. Potato Head, which the company purchased from George Lerner in 1952, the toy was a smash success. In 1954, the became a Disney major licensee. In 1960, Henry died and Merrill took over the parent company and his older brother Harold ran the pencil-making business, Hassenfeld Brothers expanded to Canada with Hassenfeld Brothers Ltd. in 1961. The company was approached in 1963 to license a toy based on The Lieutenant, instead, in 1964, Hassenfeld Brothers produced the G. I. Joe toy, which they termed an action figure in order to market the toy to boys who wouldnt want to play with dolls, Joe accounted for two-thirds of Hassenfelds sales. Having previously sold toys under the Hasbro trade name, the company shortened its name to Hasbro Industries in 1968, with the unpopular Vietnam War at its height in 1969, Hasbro redesigned GI Joe to be less militaristic and more adventure oriented. Its promotional efforts included the catchphrase Boy Oh Boy and its A Hasbro Toy. in television commercials and print ads. Also in 1969 Hasbro bought Burt Claster Enterprises, which produced Romper Room and had just begun a Romper Room toy line, a month-long teamsters strike and far eastern supplier troubles caused the company to have a $1 million loss for the year. By 1975, the company had ended the nursery chain, Hasbro also entered the cookware field with the Galloping Gourmet line based on a contemporary television cooking show
23.
2007 MTV Movie Awards
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The 2007 MTV Movie Awards took place on June 3,2007 at Gibson Amphitheatre in Universal City, California and were hosted by Sarah Silverman. The ceremony featured performances by Rihanna featuring Jay-Z, who performed Umbrella, and Amy Winehouse and it was the first MTV Movie Awards show broadcast live to American audiences, and it was located at the Gibson Amphitheatre in Universal City, California. Mark Burnett directed the show and executive produced this years ceremony, nominees were announced on April 30,2007, and the voting for the main categories ran until the end of May. A pre-recorded movie parody included Sarah Silverman re-enacting with the characters from Babel, Dreamgirls, The Pursuit of Happyness, The Departed,300, The Devil Wears Prada, Sarah Silverman repeatedly made negative jokes towards Paris Hilton, which caused mixed reactions from the general audience. The audience at the Gibson Amphitheatre, however, were cheering after Silverman stated that Paris was going to very soon. The focus on the film has further reinforced when the won in the category Best Summer Movie You Havent Seen Yet. The pre-show also included Hiltons last interview before entering jail
24.
Jackie Chan
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Chan Kong-sang, SBS, MBE, PMW, known professionally as Jackie Chan, is a Hong Kong martial artist, actor, film director, producer, stuntman, and singer. In his movies, he is known for his fighting style, comic timing, use of improvised weapons, and innovative stunts. He has trained in Kung Fu and Hapkido and he has been acting since the 1960s and has appeared in over 150 films. Chan has received stars on the Hong Kong Avenue of Stars, and he has been referenced in various pop songs, cartoons, and video games. He is a trained vocalist and is also a Cantopop and Mandopop star, having released a number of albums. He is also a notable philanthropist, in 2015, Forbes magazine estimated his net worth to be $350 million. Chan was born on 7 April 1954, in British Hong Kong, as Chan Kong-sang, to Charles and Lee-Lee Chan and his mother or parents nicknamed him Pao-pao Chinese, 炮炮 because the energetic child was always rolling around. His parents worked for the French ambassador in Hong Kong, Chan attended the Nah-Hwa Primary School on Hong Kong Island, where he failed his first year, after which his parents withdrew him from the school. In 1960, his father emigrated to Canberra, Australia, to work as the cook for the American embassy, and Chan was sent to the China Drama Academy. Chan trained rigorously for the decade, excelling in martial arts. He eventually became part of the Seven Little Fortunes, a group made up of the schools best students. Chan became close friends with group members Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao. After entering the industry, Chan along with Sammo Hung got the opportunity to train in hapkido under the grand master Jin Pal Kim. Jackie Chan also trained in other styles of arts such as Karate, Judo, Taekwondo. He began his career by appearing in roles at the age of five as a child actor. At age eight, he appeared with some of his fellow Little Fortunes in the film Big, Chan appeared with Li again the following year, in The Love Eterne and had a small role in King Hus 1966 film Come Drink with Me. In 1971, after an appearance as an extra in another kung fu film, A Touch of Zen, at seventeen, he worked as a stuntman in the Bruce Lee films Fist of Fury and Enter the Dragon under the stage name Chan Yuen Lung. He received his first starring role later that year in Little Tiger of Canton that had a release in Hong Kong in 1973
25.
Zak Penn
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Zak Penn is an American screenwriter and director. Penn wrote and directed Incident at Loch Ness and The Grand, and co-wrote the script for X2, X-Men, The Last Stand, with Michael Karnow, Penn is the co-creator of the TV series Alphas on the Syfy network. Penn graduated from Wesleyan University in 1990 and his screenplay for PCU was based on his experiences at the Eclectic Society house. He is the son of New York businessman and lawyer Arthur Penn, films that Penn has been involved in writing include Last Action Hero, Inspector Gadget, X2, X-Men, The Last Stand, and Elektra. Penn wrote early drafts of Hulk, The Incredible Hulk, Penn is also a jury member for the digital studio Filmaka, a platform for undiscovered filmmakers to show their work to industry professionals. In July 2012, Avatar Press released the first issue of Penns first comic book, the six issue series is co-written with Star Wars, The Clone Wars screenwriter Scott Murphy and drawn by Michael DiPascale. It centers on Zenith, a hero who has fans following every disaster, trying to catch a glimpse of the ultimate celebrity. One fan becomes so obsessed that it leads to the development of his own powers and he directed the documentary film Atari, Game Over. com
26.
The Good Lord Bird
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The Good Lord Bird is a 2013 novel by James McBride about a slave who unites with John Brown in Browns abolitionist mission. The novel won the National Book Award for Fiction in 2013, the memoirs of Henry Shackleford, a slave in Kansas during the Bleeding Kansas era, are discovered in a Delaware church. Henry, nicknamed Little Onion for eating a particularly rancid onion, Brown mistakes Henry for a girl because he wears a dress, Shackleford wears a dress for much of the novel. The two join together, and Henry narrates his encounters with Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, the book is narrated in the first person through Henry. The novel received positive to mixed reviews critics, with several reviewers comparing it to Huckleberry Finn. Tobar went on to say those looking for verisimilitude or gravitas in their historical fiction might want to avoid The Good Lord Bird, the novel won the National Book Award for Fiction in 2013. National Book Award judges called McBride a voice as comic and original as any we have heard since Mark Twain, McBride did not prepare an acceptance speech, as he thought he would not win, and was described as clearly stunned upon receiving the award
27.
James McBride (writer)
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James McBride is an American writer and musician. He is the recipient of the 2013 National Book Award for fiction for his novel The Good Lord Bird, mcBrides father, Rev. Andrew D. McBride was African-American, he died of cancer at the age of 45. His mother, Ruchel Dwajra Zylska, was a Jewish immigrant from Poland, James was raised in Brooklyns Red Hook housing projects and was the last child Ruth had from her first marriage, the last child of Rev. Andrew McBride, and the eighth of 12 children. McBride states, Im proud of my Jewish history. Technically I guess you could say Im Jewish since my mother was Jewish. so the question is for theologians to answer. I just get up in the morning happy to be living and his memoir, The Color of Water, A Black Mans Tribute to His White Mother, describes his family history and his relationship with his mother. Two of his brothers, Dennis and Billy, graduated with doctorates in medicine. He earned a degree in music composition from Oberlin College in 1979. As a journalist, McBride worked on the staffs of many publications, including The Boston Globe, The Washington Post, the Wilmington News Journal. Additionally, he has written pieces for Rolling Stone magazine, Us magazine, the Chicago Tribune, The Philadelphia Inquirer, Essence magazine, The New York Times, mcBrides mother was strict and the daughter of an Orthodox rabbi. During her first marriage to Rev. Andrew McBride, she converted to Christianity, the memoir spent over two years on The New York Times bestseller list, and has become an American classic. It is read in schools and universities across America, has been translated into 16 languages. In 2002, he published a novel, Miracle at St. Anna, the book was adapted into the movie Miracle at St. Anna, directed by Spike Lee, released on September 26,2008. In 2005, McBride published the first volume of The Process, harriet Tubman served as an inspiration for the book, and it provides a fictional depiction of a code of communication that enslaved people used to help runaways attain freedom. The book, based on events that occurred on Marylands Eastern Shore. In 2012, McBride co-wrote and co-produced Red Hook Summer with Spike Lee, in July 2013, McBride co-authored Hard Listening with the rest of the Rock Bottom Remainders. In August 2013, The Good Lord Bird, a novel, was released by Riverhead Books. The work details the life of notorious abolitionist John Brown, for this book, McBride won the 2013 National Book Award for fiction. On September 22,2016, President Barack Obama awarded McBride the 2015 National Humanities Medal for humanizing the complexities of discussing race in America
28.
John Brown (abolitionist)
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John Brown was an American abolitionist who believed armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States. Brown first gained attention when he led groups of volunteers during the Bleeding Kansas crisis of 1856. Dissatisfied with the pacifism of the organized abolitionist movement, he said, during the Kansas campaign, Brown commanded forces at the Battle of Black Jack and the Battle of Osawatomie. He and his supporters killed five pro-slavery supporters in the Pottawatomie massacre of May 1856 in response to the sacking of Lawrence by pro-slavery forces, in 1859, Brown led a raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry, to start a liberation movement among the slaves there. During the raid, he seized the armory, seven people were killed and he intended to arm slaves with weapons from the arsenal, but the attack failed. Within 36 hours, Browns men had fled or been killed or captured by local farmers, militiamen. Marines led by Robert E. Lee and he was tried for treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia, the murder of five men and inciting a slave insurrection. He was found guilty on all counts and was hanged, Historians agree that the Harpers Ferry raid escalated tensions that, a year later, led to the Souths secession and Civil War. David Potter has said the effect of Browns raid was greater than the philosophical effect of the Lincoln–Douglas debates. Some writers, including Bruce Olds, describe him as a zealot, others. Oates, regard him as one of the most perceptive human beings of his generation, David S. John Browns Body was a popular Union marching song during the Civil War and made him a martyr. Browns actions prior to the Civil War as an abolitionist, and he is sometimes memorialized as a heroic martyr and a visionary, and sometimes vilified as a madman and a terrorist. John Brown was born May 9,1800, in Torrington and he was the fourth of the eight children of Owen Brown and Ruth Mills and grandson of Capt. Brown could trace his ancestry back to 17th-century English Puritans, in 1805, the family moved to Hudson, Ohio, where Owen Brown opened a tannery. Browns personal religion is well documented in the papers of the Rev Clarence Gee. Browns father had as an apprentice Jesse R. Grant, father of Ulysses S. Grant, at 16, Brown left his family and went to Plainfield, Massachusetts, where he enrolled in a preparatory program. Shortly afterward, he transferred to the Morris Academy in Litchfield and he hoped to become a Congregationalist minister, but money ran out and he suffered from eye inflammations, which forced him to give up the academy and return to Ohio. In Hudson, he worked briefly at his fathers tannery before opening a successful tannery of his own outside of town with his adopted brother, in 1820, Brown married Dianthe Lusk
29.
Nashville (2012 TV series)
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Nashville is an American musical drama television series. It was created by Academy Award winner Callie Khouri and produced by R. J. Cutler, Khouri, Dee Johnson, Steve Buchanan, Britton left the show in season five. The series premiered on ABC, on October 10,2012, in May 2016, ABC cancelled the show. In June 2016, it was picked up by CMT for a fifth season, a live aftershow, NashChat, began airing live across social media platforms on Thursday, January 5, and airs immediately after every new episode. The series was created by Callie Khouri, who won an Academy Award for Thelma & Louise, Khouri lived in Nashville from 1978 to 1982. In an interview for The New York Times she said This is a place that can be mocked and made fun of, but it also is an incredibly beautiful, cosmopolitan city, and I wanted to show that to the world. I want to represent it in a way that everybody who lives here would find completely realistic, Nashville was the first television series in Khouris career, after working for two decades as a film writer and director creating strong female characters. In October 2011, ABC bought the concept from Khouri. Documentary filmmaker R. J. Cutler also joined the project as producer alongside Khouri. Nashville was produced by Lionsgate Television with ABC Studios, ABC ordered the pilot on January 27,2012. The pilot episode was filmed in March 2012 and directed by series producer R. J. Cutler, the series was picked up by ABC on May 11,2012, and premiered on the network on October 10,2012 as part of its 2012–13 television season. Dee Johnson joined the series as producer and showrunner as of fourth episode. On November 12,2012, the series was picked up for a full season run, a number of television critics characterized Nashville as Dallas in Tennessee. The original concept was focused on the backdrop of the country music world. ABCs promotional campaign for the premiere was primarily focused on the rivalry between a young and ruthless country pop diva and a past-her-peak superstar. Nashville was filmed on location and on soundstages in Nashville, after weeks of rumors that production would move elsewhere, it was announced that season two would also be filmed on location in Nashville. Nashville budget hovered in the neighborhood of $4 million per episode in season one, british actor Sam Palladio was the first regular member to be cast, being announced on February 14,2012. Australian actress and singer Clare Bowen was the addition to the pilot, as Scarlett OConnor
30.
Cara Delevingne
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Cara Jocelyn Delevingne is an English fashion model and actress. She signed with Storm Model Management after leaving school in 2009, Delevingne won the Model of the Year award at the British Fashion Awards in 2012 and 2014 and has appeared in shows for houses including Burberry, Mulberry, Dolce & Gabbana, and Jason Wu. She started her career with a minor role in the 2012 film adaptation of Anna Karenina. Her first major roles were as Margo Roth Spiegelman in the mystery film Paper Towns, Kath Talent in London Fields. Delevingne was born in Hammersmith, London, the daughter of Pandora Anne Delevingne and she grew up in Belgravia, London, one of the wealthiest districts in the world. Delevingne has two sisters, Chloe and model Poppy Delevingne. Her godfather is Condé Nast executive Nicholas Coleridge and her godmother is actress Joan Collins and her paternal great-grandfather was the Canadian-born British politician Hamar Greenwood, 1st Viscount Greenwood, and her maternal grandmother Janie Sheffield was lady-in-waiting to Princess Margaret. She attended Francis Holland School for Girls in central London, until she was 16 and she has dyspraxia and consequently found school challenging. In June 2015, in an interview with Vogue, Delevingne opened up in regards to the peak of her battle with depression when she was 15 years old. She said, I was hit with a wave of depression and anxiety and self-hatred. At age 16, after completing her GCSE examinations she moved to Bedales School in Hampshire, to focus on drama, after one year she dropped out and followed the career path of her sister, Poppy, into modeling. Delevingne first began modelling at age ten in a shot by Bruce Weber for Vogue Italia alongside model Lady Eloise Anson. She signed with Storm Model Management in 2009 after being spotted by Sarah Doukas, the founder of Storm and she worked in the industry for a year before booking a paying job and went through two seasons of castings before landing her first runway show. Delevingne was propelled to fame after being scouted by Burberrys Christopher Bailey in 2012 while working part-time in the office of a fashion website, Bailey cast her in the companys spring/summer 2011 campaign. Delevingnes first catwalk appearance was at the February 2011 London Fashion Week, Jourdan Dunn opened and closed the show with Delevingne appearing sixth. Later that year, Delevingne then got her chance to open and close proceedings, Delevingne then commenced the early 2012 season by walking in the Chanel Haute-Couture spring show, at Grand Palais, Paris, on 24 January 2012. The stage was set up to resemble an aeroplane and the clothes the models wore vaguely referenced airline flight attendant uniforms, the week after, London Fashion Week took place. Delevingne exclusively took part in the Burberry Prorsum Womenswear autumn/winter 2012 show, in the front row were celebrities such as Samantha Cameron, Will. i. am, Will Young and her partner in the Burberry campaign, Eddie Redmayne
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Never Say Never (Justin Bieber song)
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Never Say Never is a song by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber. The song is used as the song for The Karate Kid. It was originally a demo with sexual lyrics performed by American singer Travis Garland, it was written and produced by The Messengers. However, for reasons, Bieber was tapped to record the song for the film. He re-wrote the song with The Messengers, Rambert, Smith, the song contains R&B and pop elements while merging hip-hop. The song was released for download in the United States on June 8,2010. The song was included as an acoustic track on the remix album My Worlds Acoustic. To promote Biebers 3D concert film of the name, the song was released as the lead single. Never Say Never peaked within the top twenty in Canada, Norway and its accompanying music video, directed by Honey, features Smith and Bieber in a recording studio playing around and dancing, and is intercut with scenes from the film. He has notably performed the song on Today and on his My World Tour, Smith joined Bieber during the tours stop at Madison Square Garden to perform the song for scenes in Justin Bieber, Never Say Never. A demo of the song, Sexy Together was originally recorded by Mike Chilton, reportedly the song was re-written by its original writers Adam Messinger, Nasri, Omarr Rambert, and his vocal producer Kuk Harrell, while Smith added lines. Carina Adly MacKenzie of Zap2it preferred Bieber and Smiths version, commenting, youd think that a song about sex would be more interesting than a song about little kids doing karate. The song was confirmed when the listing for the soundtrack was revealed. It was released on iTunes in the United States on June 8,2010, Never Say Never is a pop-R&B which includes hip hop. It is composed in the key of A minor with vocals spanning from the low-note of G3 to the high-note of C6, the song follows in the chord progression of Am–C–G–D Bieber provides lead vocals in the song while Smith provides the backing with rap interludes. Idolator thought the song as a version of Eminems Lose Yourself. Smiths lines reference his father, and puns in the phrase and he also makes reference to his lineage by saying Born from two stars so the moons where I land. As he is the son of Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith, Smith also makes references to Luke Skywalker and Kobe Bryant in his lines. is sure to stand out as the films flagship anthem
32.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
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Kid Cudi
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Scott Ramon Seguro Mescudi, better known by his stage name Kid Cudi, is an American recording artist and actor from Cleveland, Ohio. Cudi first gained major recognition following the release of his first official full-length project, the mixtape caught the attention of American rapper-producer Kanye West, who subsequently signed Cudi to his GOOD Music label imprint in late 2008. Cudi has since gone on to launch his own record label imprints, initially a rapper, Cudi has since added singer, songwriter, record producer, guitarist, music video director and film composer to his repertoire. As of 2017, Cudi has released six albums as a solo artist. In 2008, his debut single Day n Nite, led him to prominence, Cudis debut album Man on the Moon, The End of Day was later certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. In 2010, he released Man on the Moon II, The Legend of Mr. Rager, later in 2010, Cudi formed a rock band, now known as WZRD, with his long-time collaborator Dot da Genius, releasing one eponymous debut album, in early 2012. The album debuted at one on the Top Rock Albums chart. In April 2013, Cudi released Indicud, which became his highest-charting album on multiple charts, in February 2014, Cudi unexpectedly released his fourth album, Satellite Flight, The Journey to Mother Moon, exclusively to digital retailers with no promotion. With his originality and creativity, as well as the emotion he conveys in his music, Cudi has amassed a large following among high school students, college students. In 2010, Cudi ventured into acting when he began starring in the HBO series How to Make It in America, Cudi has since appeared in several feature films, including Goodbye World, Need for Speed and Entourage. In addition, he has made appearances on shows such as One Tree Hill, The Cleveland Show. In 2015, he was the bandleader on the IFC series, Kid Cudi was born Scott Ramon Seguro Mescudi on January 30,1984, in Cleveland, Ohio, and grew up in Shaker Heights and Solon. He is the youngest of four children, with two brothers, Domingo and Dean, and a sister, Maisha and his mother, Elsie Harriet, is a middle-school choir teacher at Roxboro Middle School in Cleveland Heights, Ohio. His father, Lindberg Styles Mescudi, was a painter, substitute teacher. His father was of African-American and Mexican-American descent, while his mother is African-American, when he was eleven years old, Cudis father died of cancer, his passing had a significant effect on Cudis personality and subsequently his music. Cudi attended Shaker Heights High School for two years before transferring to Solon High School and he was expelled from the school for threatening to punch his principal and would later earn his GED. Cudi studied film at the University of Toledo, dropping out after a year and his subsequent plan to join the U. S. Navy didnt pan out because of his juvenile police record. Cudi first began rapping towards the end of his school career, inspired by alternative hip hop groups such as The Pharcyde
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Kanye West
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Kanye Omari West is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, fashion designer, and entrepreneur. Intent on pursuing a career as a rapper, West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004 to widespread critical and commercial success. He went on to pursue a variety of different styles on subsequent albums Late Registration, Graduation, and 808s & Heartbreak. In 2010, he released his fifth album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy to rave reviews from critics, West released his abrasive sixth album, Yeezus, to further critical praise in 2013. His seventh album, The Life of Pablo, was released in 2016, Wests outspoken views and life outside of music have received significant mainstream attention. He has been a frequent source of controversy for his conduct at award shows, on social media and he is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA. His 2014 marriage to television personality Kim Kardashian has also been subject to media coverage. He has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all time, three of his albums have been included and ranked on Rolling Stones 2012 update of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list. He has also included in a number of Forbes annual lists. Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2005 and 2015, West was born on June 8,1977 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents divorced when he was three years old, after the divorce, he and his mother moved to Chicago, Illinois. His father, Ray West, is a former Black Panther and was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Ray West was later a Christian counselor, and in 2006, opened the Good Water Store and Café in Lexington Park, Maryland with startup capital from his son. West, was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, West was raised in a middle-class background, attending Polaris High School in suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois after living in Chicago. At the age of 10, West moved with his mother to Nanjing, China, according to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it. When asked about his grades in school, West replied, I got As. West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age and his mother recalled that she first took notice of Wests passion for drawing and music when he was in the third grade. Growing up in Chicago, West became deeply involved in its hip hop scene and he started rapping in the third grade and began making musical compositions in the seventh grade, eventually selling them to other artists
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Kurt Cobain
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Kurt Donald Cobain was an American musician, artist, songwriter, guitarist and poet. Born in Aberdeen, Washington, Cobain formed the band Nirvana with Krist Novoselic in 1987 and established it as part of the Seattle music scene, Nirvanas debut album Bleach was released on the independent record label Sub Pop in 1989. After signing with major label DGC Records, the band found success with Smells Like Teen Spirit from their second album Nevermind. Following the success of Nevermind, Nirvana was labeled the band of Generation X. During the last years of his life, Cobain struggled with addiction, chronic health problems. He also had difficulty coping with his fame and public image, on April 8,1994, Cobain was found dead at his home in Seattle, the victim of what was officially ruled a suicide by a self-inflicted shotgun wound to the head. The circumstances of his death at age 27 have become a topic of public fascination, since their debut, Nirvana, with Cobain as a songwriter, has sold over 25 million albums in the U. S. and over 75 million worldwide. Cobain was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014, along with Nirvana bandmates Krist Novoselic and Dave Grohl, Cobain was born at Grays Harbor Hospital in Aberdeen, Washington, the son of waitress Wendy Elizabeth and automotive mechanic Donald Leland Cobain. His parents were married on July 31,1965 in Coeur dAlene and his ancestry included Dutch, English, French, German, Irish, and Scottish. His Irish ancestors migrated from Carrickmore, County Tyrone in 1875, researchers found that they were shoemakers, originally named Cobane, who came from Inishatieve, a townland within Carrickmore. As migrants, they first settled in Cornwall, Ontario, Canada, Cobain himself believed his family came from County Cork. His younger sister, Kimberly, was born on April 24,1970, Cobains family had a musical background. Kurt was described as being a happy and excitable child, who also exhibited sensitivity and care. His talent as an artist was evident from an age, as he would draw his favorite characters from films and cartoons, such as the Creature from the Black Lagoon and Donald Duck. This enthusiasm was encouraged by his grandmother, Iris Cobain, who was a professional artist, Cobain began developing an interest in music early in life. According to his aunt Mari, he began singing at the age of two, at age four, he started playing the piano and singing, writing a song about a trip to a local park. When Cobain was nine years old, his parents divorced and he later said that the divorce had a profound effect on his life, while his mother noted that his personality changed dramatically, Cobain became defiant and withdrawn. In a 1993 interview, he elaborated, Cobains parents both found new partners after the divorce, although his father had promised not to remarry, after meeting Jenny Westeby, he did, to Kurts dismay
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Tycho (musician)
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Tycho is an American ambient music project led by Scott Hansen as primary composer, songwriter and producer. Hailing from San Francisco, California, he is known as ISO50 for his photographic and his music is a combination of downtempo vintage-style synthesizers and ambient melodies. The style of his music sounds very organic, typically incorporating clips of the element into his songs. His song Dictaphones Lament was used as the track on a video entitled Live Life to the Fullest. His song Cascade was played during the moments of the original 11-year run of Toonami in 2008. As of December 2014, Tycho is signed to and has released under Ghostly International, on December 6,2016 Tychos fourth album, Epoch, received a nomination for Best Dance/Electronic Album in the 2017 Grammy Awards. Hansens music project Tycho is influenced by and has compared to artists such as DJ Shadow, Ulrich Schnauss. His music captures the sound of analog media while remaining both progressive and futuristic in composition and style. Themes of nostalgia, longing, childhood and the world are interspersed throughout Tychos work. Brief interludes or vignettes also feature in his earlier work, in Past Is Prologue, Hansen selected and included excerpts from broadcasts accompanied by atmospherics to capture a specific moment or mood. Overall, the mixture of synths, live instrumentation, and old school sound clips creates a very relatable. While creating the album, he switched over to REAPER, a dynamic program which he credits with allowing him to finish Dive. The album tour had a band for the first time. When performing, all the guitars are live, played either by Hansen or Brown, bass guitar is also always live, with the exception of the song Hours. Drums are played live by OConnor, and lead synthesizers are also live, Hansen often plays guitar while triggering samples with his foot. His goal is to find the balance between the nature of a live show with artists playing physical instruments and the precision. Since July 9,2010 in San Francisco, California, Tycho performances have included a backing band. Scott Hansen – synthesizers, guitar, bass guitar, visuals, programming Zac Brown – bass guitar, guitar Rory OConnor – drums Billy Kim – bass guitar, keyboards, synthesizers Past Members
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Hoodie
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A hoodie is a sweatshirt with a hood. Hoodies often include a muff sewn onto the front. Hooded garments have been a part of mens and womens wear for centuries. The word hood derives from the Anglo-Saxon word hōd, ultimately of the root as English hat. Its appearance was known in England at least as early as the 12th century, possibly an import with the Norman conquest of England, the hooded sweatshirt was first produced in the United States starting in the 1930s. The modern clothing style was first produced by Champion in the 1930s, the term hoodie entered popular usage in the 1990s. The hoodie took off in the 1970s, with several factors contributing to its success, most critical to the hoodies popularity during this time was its iconic appearance in the blockbuster Rocky film. The rise of hoodies with university logos began around this time, by the 1990s, the hoodie had evolved into a symbol of isolation, a statement of academic spirit, and several fashion collections. The association with chavs or neds in the UK developed around this time, young men, often skateboarders or surfers, sported the hoodie and spread the trend across the western United States, most significantly in California. Tommy Hilfiger, Giorgio Armani, and Ralph Lauren, for example, a crystal-studded hoodie made by rapper Sean Diddy Combs was acquired by the Victoria & Albert Museum in London. In June 2011, police in Wynnum, Brisbane, launched a Hoodie Free Zone initiative, the zone is part of an initiative to educate businesses on how they can avoid armed robberies, in which the clothing is often worn. Across Canada, hoodies are a popular clothing item in which are worn under a coat or jacket to provide an extra layer of clothing during the winter. In the province of Saskatchewan, hoodies without zippers are bunny hugs, Archbishop David Moxon, Archbishop of the Anglican Dioceses, and Brian Turner President of the Methodist Church of NZ also participated in the campaign. Support and criticism were raised by politicians, who were divided over the 2008 event, liz Baxendine, president of Age Concern at the time, said to the media, Older people and young people have a lot in common. We both face stereotypes based on our age rather than our real achievements and outlook on life, weve got to destigmatise the hoodie and see it for what it is. We need to take the hoodie back, in the UK, hoodies have been the subject of much criticism, some shoplifters have used the hood to conceal their identities from CCTV cameras in shopping centres. The hoodie became a clothing item by the 1990s. During the 21st century, it had gained an image, being associated with trouble making teens
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Pop-up retail
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Temporary retail establishments date at least to the Vienna December market in 1298 and the European Christmas markets that followed. Seasonal farmers markets, holiday fireworks stands, and consumer expos are other examples of temporary retailing, the Ritual Expo was one of the first iterations of the modern pop-up retail store. Not yet referred to as pop-up retail, the 1997 Los Angeles event was created by Patrick Courrielche and was branded as a one-day ultimate hipster mall. ”The event quickly caught the eye of large brands that saw the potential of creating short-term experiences to promote their products to target audiences. AT&T, Levi-Strauss, and Motorola worked with Courrielche to create pop-up shopping experiences across the country to market their products to young audiences. In November 2002, discount retailer Target took over a 220-foot-long boat at Chelsea Piers for a stay on the Hudson River that coincided with Black Friday. Vacant, a Los Angeles, California based business specializing in pop-ups, arrived in New York in February 2003, song Airlines opened a pop-up shop in New York City in 2003. Comme des Garçons opened, for one year, a shop in 2004 with the Guerrilla Shop tag. Trendwatching. com claims to have coined the term Pop-Up Retail in January 2004, in November 2013, Samsung opened a pop-up shop in New York Citys Soho area that worked as a brand experience space. The temporary pop-up space was extended and eventually became a permanent retail space, in July 2015 Fourth Element opened the worlds first underwater pop-up shop at a depth of 6 metres /19 feet TEKCamp.2015. Other brands that have developed pop-up shops as part of their campaigns include Kate Spade, Gucci, Louis Vuitton, Pop-up Retail began extending into other genres around 2009, when the Pop-up restaurant - temporary restaurants popping up in various locations - began growing in public interest and frequency. The trend is also widespread in the UK, where landlords have used the trend to fill vacant space, newbury Street in Boston has recently become a hotbed for pop-up retail, hosting temporary storefronts for Martellus Bennett, Cotton, Kanye West and other local brands. A pop-up retail space is a venue that is temporary, the space could be a sample sale one day, the trend involves popping up one day, then disappearing anywhere from one day to several weeks later. These shops, while small and temporary, are used by companies to build interest in their product or service, Pop-up retail allows a company to create a unique environment that engages their customers and generates a feeling of relevance and interactivity. They are often used by marketers for seasonal items such as Halloween costumes and decorations, Christmas gifts and Christmas trees, there are various benefits to pop-ups such as marketing, testing products, locations, or markets, and as a low-cost way to start a business. Some pop-up shops, such as Rickys and other Halloween stores, are seasonal, allowing brands to capture foot traffic without committing to a long-term lease
