1.
Richard Thorpe
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Richard Thorpe was an American film director best known for his long career at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Born Rollo Smolt Thorpe in Hutchinson, Kansas, he began his entertainment career performing in vaudeville, in 1921 he began in motion pictures as an actor and directed his first silent film in 1923. He went on to more than one hundred and eighty films. He worked frequently at the Poverty Row studio Chesterfield Pictures during the 1930s, the first full-length motion picture he directed for MGM was Last of the Pagans starring Ray Mala. After directing The Last Challenge in 1967, he retired from the film industry and he died in Palm Springs, California on May 1,1991. His two favourite films were Night Must Fall and Two Girls and a Sailor, Thorpe is also known as the original director of The Wizard of Oz. He was fired two weeks of shooting, because it was felt that his scenes did not have the right air of fantasy about them. Thorpe notoriously gave Judy Garland a blonde wig and cutesy baby-doll makeup that made her look like a girl in her late teens rather than an innocent Kansas farm girl of about thirteen. Both makeup and wig were discarded at the suggestion of George Cukor, stills from Thorpes work on the film survive today. Further, it is understood that bits of his footage of Toto escaping from the Wicked Witchs castle are still featured in the film. For his contribution to the picture industry, Thorpe has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6101 Hollywood Blvd. In 2003 a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars in Palm Springs, California was dedicated to him and his son, as Director Richard Thorpe at the Internet Movie Database Richard Thorpe at Find a Grave Richard Thorpe at TCMDB
2.
Elvis Presley
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Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
3.
Judy Tyler
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Judy Tyler was an American actress. Born Judith Mae Hess in Milwaukee, she came from a business family and was encouraged to study dance. Her acting career began as a teenager with regular appearances on Howdy Doody as Princess Summerfall Winterspring from 1950 to 1953, like her mother, she became a chorus girl, but then went on to land a starring role in the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Pipe Dream. Life did a story on rising Broadway talent with Tyler on the cover as one of the up-and-coming stars. She lived with her parents in Teaneck, New Jersey when appearing on Howdy Doody, offered an opportunity in Hollywood, Tyler appeared in the film Bop Girl Goes Calypso, then starred opposite Elvis Presley in Jailhouse Rock. She made a guest appearance on Perry Mason as Irene Kilby in The Case of the Fan Dancers Horse, after completing filming of the Presley movie, she and her second husband, Greg Lafayette, left Hollywood to return to their home in New York. While driving through Wyoming on July 3,1957, they were involved in an accident on U. S. Route 287. Tyler was killed instantly, and her husband had a broken back, a passenger in the other car was killed as well. Police said Lafayette swerved to avoid hitting a car that was towing a trailer, tylers cremated remains are in the private family room of her husband in the mausoleum in Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. Judy Tyler at the Internet Movie Database Judy Tyler at Find a Grave
4.
Vaughn Taylor (actor)
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Vaughn Taylor was an American film and television actor. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, Taylor was a graduate of Northeastern University and the Leland Powers School of Elocution, Boston. He was also a public accountant. In his youth, he worked in stock and on radio. After army service in World War II, he broke into television and his wife Ruth Moss was a radio personality and Broadway actress. In his many appearances, Taylor was cast as Julian Tyler in the 1957 episode The Chess Player of the CBS crime drama, Richard Diamond, Private Detective. He appeared too in several episodes of CBSs Twilight Zone, including the role of the salesman in the episode I Sing the Body Electric and he also appeared in Time Enough at Last, Still Valley, The Incredible World of Horace Ford and The Self-Improvement of Salvadore Ross. In 1958, Taylor appeared in Steve McQueens CBS western series, Wanted, Dead or Alive as a shot to death in the back by the brother of an outlaw. That same year, Taylor was cast on the ABC/Warner Brothers western series, Cheyenne as Doc Johnson, an outlaw known as The Ghost of the Cimarron. In the story line, Cheyenne Bodie must ally temporarily with Johnson to clear his own name with the law, peter Brown appears in this episode as Billy Younger, Wright King, as the Kiowa Kid. Robert Bray also appeared in this episode and he was cast in 1960 again as a physician, Bryan Craig, in the episode Strange Encounter of the ABC/Warner Brothers western series, Colt.45, starring Wayde Preston. He also guest starred in the ABC/WB detective series, Bourbon Street Beat and in the 1960 NBC summer western series, Tate, Taylor appeared three times in the 1960–1961 season in the syndicated series COronado 9 starring Rod Cameron. He guest starred on ABCs The Real McCoys, with Walter Brennan, and in 1961, he played a veterinarian in another ABC sitcom, The Hathaways, starring Peggy Cass, Jack Weston, and the Marquis Chimps. In 1960 he appeared in Alfred Hitchcocks original Psycho as Mr. Lowery and he was also a frequent guest on CBSs Perry Mason legal drama, having appeared eight times, including murderer Louis Boles in the premiere episode, The Case of the Restless Redhead in 1957. In 1959 he played the role, murder victim Bishop Arthur Mallory. In 1961 he played defendant Ralph Duncan in The Case of the Fickle Fortune, in 1963 he again played the murder victim and title character, this time as Martin Weston in The Case of the Witless Witness. Taylor was cast in two episodes of the ABC science fiction series The Outer Limits, in Expanding Human as Dean Flint, in addition, he appeared in the pilot episode of The Invaders entitled Beachhead. Usually involved in roles, Taylor continued to accept work in comedic productions
5.
Ralph E. Winters
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Ralph E. Winters was a Canadian-born film editor who became one of the leading figures of this field in the American industry. After beginning on a series of B movies in the early 1940s, including several in the Dr. Kildare series, Winters won the Academy Award for Film Editing twice, for King Solomons Mines and Ben-Hur. He received four nominations, for Quo Vadis, Seven Brides for Seven Brothers, The Great Race. Among Winters other projects were such leading films as On the Town, High Society, Jailhouse Rock, Winters had a notable collaboration with director Blake Edwards. Over twenty years, they collaborated on twelve films together, including The Pink Panther, The Party,10 and his last film was the ill-fated pirate epic Cutthroat Island released in 1995. Winters had been elected to membership in the American Cinema Editors and his memoir, Some Cutting Remarks, Seventy Years a Film Editor, was published in 2001. List of film director and editor collaborations Ralph E. Winters at the Internet Movie Database
6.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California and it is one of the worlds oldest film studios. In 1971, it was announced that MGM would merge with 20th Century Fox, over the next thirty-nine years, the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until, on November 3,2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. MGM Resorts International, a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MGM, is not currently affiliated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1966, MGM was sold to Canadian investor Edgar Bronfman Sr. whose son Edgar Jr. would later buy Universal Studios, the studio continued to produce five to six films a year that were released through other studios, mostly United Artists. Kerkorian did, however, commit to increased production and a film library when he bought United Artists in 1981. MGM ramped up production, as well as keeping production going at UA. It also incurred significant amounts of debt to increase production, the studio took on additional debt as a series of owners took charge in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1986, Ted Turner bought MGM, but a few later, sold the company back to Kerkorian to recoup massive debt. The series of deals left MGM even more heavily in debt, MGM was bought by Pathé Communications in 1990, but Parretti lost control of Pathé and defaulted on the loans used to purchase the studio. The French banking conglomerate Crédit Lyonnais, the major creditor. Even more deeply in debt, MGM was purchased by a joint venture between Kerkorian, producer Frank Mancuso, and Australias Seven Network in 1996, the debt load from these and subsequent business deals negatively affected MGMs ability to survive as an independent motion picture studio. In 1924, movie theater magnate Marcus Loew had a problem and he had bought Metro Pictures Corporation in 1919 for a steady supply of films for his large Loews Theatres chain. With Loews lackluster assortment of Metro films, Loew purchased Goldwyn Pictures in 1924 to improve the quality, however, these purchases created a need for someone to oversee his new Hollywood operations, since longtime assistant Nicholas Schenck was needed in New York headquarters to oversee the 150 theaters. Mayer, Loew addressed the situation by buying Louis B. Mayer Pictures on April 17,1924, Mayer became head of the renamed Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with Irving Thalberg as head of production. MGM produced more than 100 feature films in its first two years, in 1925, MGM released the extravagant and successful Ben-Hur, taking a $4.7 million profit that year, its first full year. Marcus Loew died in 1927, and control of Loews passed to Nicholas Schenck, in 1929, William Fox of Fox Film Corporation bought the Loew familys holdings with Schencks assent. Mayer and Thalberg disagreed with the decision, Mayer was active in the California Republican Party and used his political connections to persuade the Justice Department to delay final approval of the deal on antitrust grounds
7.
Musical drama film
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The musical film is a film genre in which songs sung by the characters are interwoven into the narrative, sometimes accompanied by dancing. The songs usually advance the plot or develop the characters, though in some cases they serve merely as breaks in the storyline. The musical film was a development of the stage musical after the emergence of sound film technology. Typically, the biggest difference between film and stage musicals is the use of background scenery and locations that would be impractical in a theater. Musical films characteristically contain elements reminiscent of theater, performers often treat their song, in a sense, the viewer becomes the diegetic audience, as the performer looks directly into the camera and performs to it. The 1930s through the early 1950s are considered to be the age of the musical film. Musical short films were made by Lee de Forest in 1923–24, beginning in 1926, thousands of Vitaphone shorts were made, many featuring bands, vocalists and dancers. The Jazz Singer, released in 1927 by Warner Brothers, was the first to include a track including non-diegetic music and diegetic music. This feature-length film was also a musical, featuring Al Jolson singing Dirty Hands, Dirty Face, Toot, Toot, Tootsie, Blue Skies and My Mammy. Historian Scott Eyman wrote, As the film ended and applause grew with the houselights and she saw terror in all their faces, she said, as if they knew that the game they had been playing for years was finally over. Still, only isolated sequences featured live sound, most of the film had only a musical score. In 1928, Warner Brothers followed this up with another Jolson part-talkie, The Singing Fool, theaters scrambled to install the new sound equipment and to hire Broadway composers to write musicals for the screen. The first all-talking feature, Lights of New York, included a sequence in a night club. The enthusiasm of audiences was so great that in less than an all the major studios were making sound pictures exclusively. The Broadway Melody had a plot about two sisters competing for a charming song-and-dance man. Advertised by MGM as the first All-Talking, All-Singing, All-Dancing feature film, it was a hit, there was a rush by the studios to hire talent from the stage to star in lavishly filmed versions of Broadway hits. The Love Parade starred Maurice Chevalier and newcomer Jeanette MacDonald, written by Broadway veteran Guy Bolton, Warner Brothers produced the first screen operetta, The Desert Song in 1929. They spared no expense and photographed a large percentage of the film in Technicolor and this was followed by the first all-color, all-talking musical feature which was entitled On with the Show
8.
Benny Thau
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Benny Thau was an American businessman who became vice-president of the Hollywood film studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, a subsidiary of the Loews theater chain. From 1928 he was in charge of casting, in the business of discovering and developing talented performers and he was known for his quiet and calming influence with often temperamental stars. Towards the end of his career he was studio boss for a short period, born to a Jewish family, Thau started his career as a vaudeville booking agent for Loews. In 1928 he was hired by Louis B, mayer, head of MGM, as casting director. Thau had a pleasant nature and was regarded with affection by many of the workers at MGM, Thau belonged to Mayers executive team, called the college of cardinals, along with Eddie Mannix, Lawrence Weingarten and Hunt Stromberg. Thau managed the pool of talent, called by the publicity department more stars than there are in heaven, george Sidney described Thau as a very quiet man, a gentle man. He would be brought in to calm down the performers when they got upset and he said, Benny spoke very quietly. You could almost never hear what he said. But he would talk to one and that one and had the ability to calm things down. Benny Thau was trusted by the stars, for example, Greta Garbo never had a formal contract with MGM. She understood the logic and agreed to the cut on a handshake, when MGM first approached Rosalind Russell for a screen test in the early 1930s she was not enthusiastic, remembering poor treatment at her audition for Universal. When she met MGMs Benny Thau and Ben Piazza she was surprised, during her first years at MGM Greer Garson was Thaus mistress. Thau was a supporter of Garson, who received an Oscar nomination in 1941 for Blossoms in the Dust. Joan Crawford, an established star, was angry that she had not received any recognition. However, in 1953 she was surprised to get a call from Thau offering her a role in Torch Song. Elizabeth Taylor was given a role by MGM in Lassie Come Home and she chose MGM because the people there had been nicer to her when she went to audition, Taylor recalled. He played a key role in Taylors career, managing her contracts and she said she saw Thau as her surrogate father, and went to him for help and advice. Thau remembered her as a little dark-haired beauty and those strange and lovely eyes that gave the face its central focus, oddly powerful in someone so young
9.
William Morris Endeavor
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William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC, also known as William Morris Endeavor, WME or WME-IMG, is an American talent agency with offices in Beverly Hills, California, United States. The company was founded in April 2009, after the merger of the William Morris Agency, WME represents artists across all media platforms, specifically movies, television, music, theatre, digital and publishing. It also represents the NFL and NHL, WME also owns the Ultimate Fighting Championship and Miss Universe. The company is run by Co-CEOs Ari Emanuel and Patrick Whitesell, as the entertainment industry evolved, so did WMA, which soon expanded into television, film, literature and music representation. The Endeavor Talent Agency launched in 1995, nearly 100 years after WMA, by 2009, Endeavor was one of the fastest-growing Hollywood talent agencies, with the New York Times singling out its reputation for quick thinking, ferocity and barely bridled ambition. On April 27,2009, WMA and the Endeavor Talent Agency announced that they were forming William Morris Endeavor, or WME, Endeavor executives Ari Emanuel and Patrick Whitesell were widely seen as the architects of the merger and quickly became the Co-CEOs of WME. In 2011, Emanuel was quoted in a Financial Times profile about the company, Emanuel and Whitesell have implemented several leadership strategies to boost the productivity of their agents, most notably, the Farmhouse training program. Following the merger, WME moved its headquarters into the offices of Endeavor, the company now takes up several floors at 9601 Wilshire Boulevard in the heart of Beverly Hills. Additionally, WME has offices in New York, London, Miami, since the merger, WME has grown to include several subsidiary companies and expanded divisions. Fortune named Co-CEOs Ari Emanuel and Patrick Whitesell to their 2010 Businessperson of the Year list, Emanuel had previously been recognized as a 21st-century super agent by both The Wall Street Journal and The Guardian, as well as an Advertising Age Influencer. Shortly after the merger, WME helped launch the investment group Raine, in 2010 WME partnered with RED Interactive, giving clients access to an award-winning digital advertising agency. 2013 brought a partnership between WME and creative music agency Jingle Punks, which creates, publishes and licenses music. WME is also an investor in the e-commerce platform OpenSky, which was named one of Americas Most Promising Companies by Forbes, in 2013, Whitesell and Emanuel were profiled in Fast Company, highlighting the companys digital growth. In July 2013, WME acquired a minority stake in the creative agency Droga5. The partnership combines the companies’ advertising and entertainment resources, creating new opportunities for their clients in the branded content. Founded by David Droga, Droga5 was named Adweek’s 2012 Agency of the Year and oversees accounts for Coca-Cola, Motorola, WME could help provide the answer given its substantial reach in television, publishing, music, film and theater. On December 18,2013, WME and Silver Lake announced the acquisition of IMG for $2.4 billion, wME’s Ari Emanuel and Patrick Whitesell will serve as co-CEOs. On January 21,2015, it was announced that WME had acquired Global eSports Management, on September 14,2015, WME acquired from Donald Trump the Miss Universe Organization, which produces the Miss Universe, Miss USA and Miss Teen USA beauty pageants and related content
10.
Jailhouse Rock (song)
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Jailhouse Rock is a song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller that first became a hit for Elvis Presley. The song was released as an RCA Victor 45rpm single on September 24,1957, to coincide with the release of Presleys motion picture, Jailhouse Rock. The song as recorded by Presley is #67 on Rolling Stones list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and was named one of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fames 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. In 2004, it finished at #21 on AFIs 100 Years.100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema, on 27 November 2016, the Grammy Hall of Fame announced its induction, along with that of another 24 songs. The film version differs from the version of the song, featuring backing instrumentation. Some of the named in the song are real people. Shifty Henry was a well-known LA musician, not a criminal, the Purple Gang was a real mob. Sad Sack was a U. S. Army nickname in World War II for a loser, according to Rolling Stone, Leiber and Stollers theme song for Presleys third movie was decidedly silly, the kind of tongue-in-cheek goof they had come up with for The Coasters. The King, however, sang it as straight rock & roll, overlooking the jokes in the lyrics and then introducing Scotty Moores guitar solo with a cry so intense that the take almost collapses. Gender studies scholars cite the song for its famous reference to homoerotics behind bars, while music critic Garry Mulholland writes, Jailhouse Rock was always a queer lyric, douglas Brode writes of the filmed production number that its amazing that the sequence passed by the censors. The single, with its B-side Treat Me Nice was a US #1 hit for seven weeks in the fall of 1957, and it was the first record to enter the UK charts at No.1. In addition, Jailhouse Rock spent one week at the top of the US country charts, and reached the No.2 position on the R&B chart. Also in 1957, Jailhouse Rock was the song in an EP, together with other songs from the film, namely Young and Beautiful, I Want to be Free, Dont Leave Me Now. It topped the Billboard EP charts, eventually selling two million copies and earning a double-platinum RIAA certification. In 2005, the song was re-released in the UK and reached No.1 for a week, when it became the lowest-selling number 1 in UK history. The Beatles regularly performed Jailhouse Rock starting in 1958 and continuing all the way through 1960 with John Lennon on lead vocal, quarryman Len Garry states that the group actually started performing the song in 1957. It is the last song in the motion picture The Blues Brothers, the song is featured in the 1995 film Casper and the 2006 animated television film Leroy & Stitch. American Idol Season 5 contestant Taylor Hicks performed it on May 9,2006, in an episode of Full House, Jesse and Becky sing this song at their wedding reception
11.
Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller
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Lyricist Jerome Jerry Leiber and composer Mike Stoller were American songwriting and record producing partners. They found initial successes as the writers of such hit songs as Hound Dog. Leiber and Stoller wrote hits for Elvis Presley including Love Me, Jailhouse Rock, Loving You, Dont and they were sometimes credited under the pseudonym Elmo Glick. In 1964, they launched Red Bird Records with George Goldner and, focusing on the group sound. In all, Leiber and Stoller wrote or co-wrote over 70 chart hits and they were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1985 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987. After school, Stoller played piano, and Leiber worked in Nortys, a store on Fairfax Avenue. In 1950, Jimmy Witherspoon recorded and performed their first commercial song, Stollers name at birth was Michael Stoller, but he later changed it legally to Mike. Their first hit composition was Hard Times, recorded by Charles Brown, Kansas City, first recorded in 1952 by rhythm & blues singer Little Willie Littlefield, became a No.1 pop hit in 1959 for Wilbert Harrison. In 1952, the partners wrote Hound Dog for blues singer Big Mama Thornton, the 1956 Elvis Presley rock version, which was a takeoff of the adaptation that Presley picked up from Freddie Bells lounge act in Las Vegas, was a much bigger hit. Allen pronounced Presley a good sport, and the Leiber-Stoller song would be linked to Presley. Leiber and Stollers later songs often had more appropriate for pop music, and their combination of rhythm and blues with pop lyrics revolutionized pop, rock and roll. They formed Spark Records in 1953 with their mentor, Lester Sill and their songs from this period include Smokey Joes Cafe and Riot in Cell Block #9, both recorded by The Robins. The label was bought by Atlantic Records, which hired Leiber and Stoller in an innovative deal that allowed them to produce for other labels. This, in effect, made them the first independent record producers, at Atlantic, they revitalized the careers of The Drifters and wrote a number of hits for The Coasters, a spin-off of the Robins. Their songs from this period include Charlie Brown, Searchin, Yakety Yak, Stand By Me, for the Coasters alone, they wrote twenty-four songs that appeared in the US charts. In 1955, Leiber and Stoller produced a recording of their song Black Denim Trousers and Motorcycle Boots with a vocal group. Soon after, the song was recorded by Édith Piaf in a French translation titled, the European royalties from another Cheers record, Bazoom, funded a 1956 trip to Europe for Stoller and his first wife, Meryl, on which they met Piaf. Their return to New York was aboard the ill-fated SS Andrea Doria, the Stollers had to finish the journey to New York aboard another ship, the Cape Ann
12.
Jailhouse Rock (EP)
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Jailhouse Rock is an extended-play, seven-inch 45 RPM record released on RCA Victor, catalogue EPA4114, during November 1957. Recording sessions took place at Radio Recorders in Hollywood on April 30 and May 3,1957 and it peaked at #1 on the newly inaugurated Billboard EP chart. Unlike Loving You but like Love Me Tender, a full long-playing album soundtrack was not devised for Jailhouse Rock, the title song Jailhouse Rock had already been released as a single on September 24,1957, and went to #1 on the singles chart. The writing and production team of Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller played prominent roles in the making of the soundtrack, writing four of its songs and working with Presley closely in the studio. Dont Leave Me Now had also appeared on the Loving You album, additional original music for the film was composed by producer Jeff Alexander, and the song sung by the Hunk Houghton character, One Day, was by Roy C. Bennett and Sid Tepper. The songs from the EP are available on the 1950s box set from 1992, three tracks were previously unreleased alternate takes, along with two newly mixed stereo versions of Love Me Tender and Poor Boy. Elvis Presley – vocals, acoustic guitar, electric bass Scotty Moore – electric guitar Dudley Brooks – piano Bill Black – double bass, fontana – drums The Jordanaires – background vocals
13.
Memphis, Tennessee
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Memphis is a city in the southwestern corner of the U. S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Shelby County. The city is located on the fourth Chickasaw Bluff, south of the confluence of the Wolf, Memphis had a population of 653,450 in 2013, making it the largest city in the state of Tennessee. It is the largest city on the Mississippi River, the third largest in the greater Southeastern United States, the greater Memphis metropolitan area, including adjacent counties in Mississippi and Arkansas, had a 2014 population of 1,317,314. This makes Memphis the second-largest metropolitan area in Tennessee, surpassed by metropolitan Nashville, Memphis is the youngest of Tennessees major cities, founded in 1819 as a planned city by a group of wealthy Americans including judge John Overton and future president Andrew Jackson. A resident of Memphis is referred to as a Memphian, and the Memphis region is known, particularly to media outlets, as Memphis and the Mid-South. Occupying a substantial bluff rising from the Mississippi River, the site of Memphis has been a location for human settlement by varying cultures over thousands of years. The historic Chickasaw Indian tribe, believed to be their descendants, French explorers led by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle and Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto would encounter the Chickasaw in that area, in the 16th century. J. D. L. Chickasaw Bluffs, located on the Mississippi River at the present day location of Memphis, spain and the United States vied for control of this site, which was a favorite of the Chickasaws. The United States gained the right to navigate the Mississippi River, the Spanish dismantled the fort, shipping its lumber and iron to their locations in Arkansas. Captain Isaac Guion led an American force down the Ohio River to claim the land, by this time, the Spanish had departed. The forts ruins went unnoticed twenty years later when Memphis was laid out as a city, the city of Memphis was founded on May 22,1819 by John Overton, James Winchester and Andrew Jackson. They named it after the ancient capital of Egypt on the Nile River, Memphis developed as a trade and transportation center in the 19th century because of its flood-free location high above the Mississippi River. Located in the delta region along the river, its outlying areas were developed as cotton plantations. The cotton economy of the antebellum South depended on the labor of large numbers of African-American slaves. Through the early 19th century, one million slaves were transported from the Upper South, Many were transported by steamboats along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. This gave planters and cotton brokers access to the Atlantic Coast for shipping cotton to England, the citys demographics changed dramatically in the 1850s and 1860s under waves of immigration and domestic migration. Due to increased immigration since the 1840s and the Great Famine, ethnic Irish made up 9.9 percent of the population in 1850, but 23.2 percent in 1860, when the total population was 22,623. They had encountered considerable discrimination in the city but by 1860 and they also gained many elected and patronage positions in the Democratic Party city government, and an Irish man was elected as mayor before the Civil War
14.
National Film Registry
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The National Film Registry is the United States National Film Preservation Boards selection of films for preservation in the Library of Congress. The NFPB, established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, was reauthorized by acts of Congress in 1992,1996,2005, and again in October 2008. The NFPBs mission, to which the NFR contributes, is to ensure the survival, conservation, the 1996 law also created the non-profit National Film Preservation Foundation which, although affiliated with the NFPB, raises money from the private sector. To be eligible for inclusion, a film must be at least ten years old, for the first selection in 1989, the public nominated almost 1,000 films for consideration. Members of the NFPB then developed individual ballots of possible films for inclusion, the ballots were tabulated into a list of 25 films which was then modified by Librarian of Congress James H. Billington and his staff at the Library for the final selection. Since 1997, members of the public have been able to nominate up to 50 films a year for the NFPB, the NFR includes films ranging from Hollywood classics to orphan films. A film is not required to be feature-length, nor is it required to have been released in the traditional sense. As of the 2016 listing, there are 700 films preserved in the Registry, currently, the earliest listed film is Newark Athlete, and the most recent is 13 Lakes. Counting the 11 multi-year serials in the NFR once each by year of completion, the years with the most films selected are 1928,1939, the time between a films debut and its selection varies greatly. The longest span is 119 years, Newark Athlete was originally released in 1891, the shortest span is the minimum 10 years, this distinction is shared by Raging Bull, Do the Right Thing, Goodfellas, Toy Story, Fargo and 13 Lakes. For purposes of this list, multi-year serials are counted once by year of completion
15.
Country music
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Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the genre of United States, such as folk music. Blues modes have been used throughout its recorded history. The term country music is used today to many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of Europe and Africa along with them for nearly 300 years. Country music was introduced to the world as a Southern phenomenon, Bristol, Tennessee, has been formally recognized by the U. S. Congress as the Birthplace of Country Music, based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum, historians have also noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. Prior to these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a musical heritage. The first generation emerged in the early 1920s, with Atlantas music scene playing a role in launching countrys earliest recording artists. Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin John Carson as early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records in 1924, many hillbilly musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville, during the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Bob Wills was another musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a hot string band. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had played at Carnegie Hall. Gospel music remained a component of country music. It became known as honky tonk, and had its roots in Western swing and the music of Mexico. By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres
16.
Popular music
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Popular music is music with wide appeal that is typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry. These forms and styles can be enjoyed and performed by people with little or no musical training and it stands in contrast to both art music and traditional or folk music. Art music was historically disseminated through the performances of music, although since the beginning of the recording industry. Traditional music forms such as blues songs or hymns were passed along orally, or to smaller. The original application of the term is to music of the 1880s Tin Pan Alley period in the United States, although popular music sometimes is known as pop music, the two terms are not interchangeable. Popular music songs and pieces typically have easily singable melodies, in the 2000s, with songs and pieces available as digital sound files, it has become easier for music to spread from one country or region to another. Some popular music forms have become global, while others have an appeal within the culture of their origin. Through the mixture of genres, new popular music forms are created to reflect the ideals of a global culture. The examples of Africa, Indonesia and the Middle East show how Western pop music styles can blend with local traditions to create new hybrid styles. Sales of recordings or sheet music are one measure, middleton and Manuel note that this definition has problems because multiple listens or plays of the same song or piece are not counted. Manuel states that one criticism of music is that it is produced by large media conglomerates and passively consumed by the public. He claims that the listeners in the scenario would not have been able to make the choice of their favorite music, moreover, understandings of popular music have changed with time. A societys popular music reflects the ideals that are prevalent at the time it is performed or published, david Riesman states that the youth audiences of popular music fit into either a majority group or a subculture. The majority group listens to the commercially produced styles while the subcultures find a minority style to transmit their own values and this allows youth to choose what music they identify with, which gives them power as consumers to control the market of popular music. Form in popular music is most often sectional, the most common sections being verse, chorus or refrain, other common forms include thirty-two-bar form, chorus form *, and twelve-bar blues. Popular music songs are rarely composed using different music for each stanza of the lyrics, the verse and chorus are considered the primary elements. Each verse usually has the melody, but the lyrics change for most verses. The chorus usually has a phrase and a key lyrical line which is repeated
17.
Bartender
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A bartender is a person who formulates and serves alcoholic beverages behind the bar, usually in a licensed establishment. Bartenders also usually maintain the supplies and inventory for the bar, a bartender can generally mix classic cocktails such as a Cosmopolitan, Manhattan, Old Fashioned, and Mojito. The bartending profession was generally a second occupation, used as work for students to gain customer experience or to save money for university fees. This however is changing around the world and bartending has become a profession by choice rather than necessity, in America, where tipping is a local custom, bartenders depend on tips for most of their income. Bartenders are also responsible for confirming that customers meet the legal drinking age requirements before serving them alcoholic beverages. In certain countries, such as the United Kingdom and Sweden, as such, it lacks traditional employment protections and therefore has a high turnover. The high turnover of staff due to low wages and poor employee benefits results in a shortage of skilled bartenders, some pubs prefer experienced staff, although pub chains tend to accept inexperienced staff and provide training. Tipping bartenders in the United Kingdom is not considered mandatory but is appreciated by the bartender. Bartenders may attend special schools or learn while on the job, Bartenders in the United States may work in a large variety of bars. These include hotel bars, restaurant bars, sports bars, gay bars, piano bars, also growing in popularity is the portable bar, which can be moved to different venues and special events. Bar-back, a bartenders assistant Hospitality List of bartenders List of public house topics List of restaurant terminology Tavern Media related to Bartenders at Wikimedia Commons
18.
Loving You (album)
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Loving You is the third studio album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, issued on RCA Victor Records in mono, LPM1515, in July 1957. Recording sessions took place on January 15,16,17, and 18,1957, at the Paramount Pictures Scoring Stage, and on January 12,13,19 and these are the first sessions where Steve Sholes is officially listed as producer. It spent ten weeks at No.1 on the Billboard Top Pop Albums chart and it was certified Gold on April 9,1968 by the Recording Industry Association of America. An eighth song intended for but not appearing in the movie, Dont Leave Me Now, was included on the album, and a new recording would appear on the soundtrack for his next film, Jailhouse Rock. The previously released material comprises both sides of the single taken from the soundtrack, Presleys number one hit Teddy Bear backed with the title track. Wallis liked Teddy Bear so much that he insisted it be included in the movie, songs were added to bring up the running time of the album, including the swing-era favorite Blueberry Hill, which had been a big hit for Fats Domino in 1956. Have I Told You Lately That I Love You, had been done previously by the Sons of the Pioneers, as well as Bing Crosby with The Andrews Sisters. RCA reissued the original 12-track album on disc in 1988. The album was reissued in an expanded CD edition on April 15,1997, on January 11,2005, Sony BMG reissued the album again, remastered using DSD technology with the six bonus tracks appended in standard fashion. A two-disc set was released on the Follow That Dream collectors label on January 12,2006, with the bonus tracks, Loving You was issued on CD with the originally albums 12 songs plus the following bonus tracks, Disc 1 Disc 2 The February 14 Session 1-12. Loving You Loving You Special Edition FTD CD Information, http, //shop. elvis. com. au/prod1295. htm LPM-1515 Loving You Guide part of the The Elvis Presley Record Research Database
19.
Progressive rock
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Progressive rock is a broad subgenre of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom and United States throughout the mid to late 1960s. Prog is based on fusions of styles, approaches and genres, Prog saw a high level of popularity in the early-to-mid 1970s, but faded soon after. Conventional wisdom holds that the rise of rock caused this. Music critics, who labelled the concepts as pretentious and the sounds as pompous and overblown. Early groups who exhibited progressive features are described as proto-prog. In 1967, progressive rock constituted a diversity of loosely associated style codes, the Canterbury scene, originating in the late 1960s, denoted a subset of prog bands who emphasised the use of wind instruments, complex chord changes and long improvisations. Rock in Opposition, from the late 1970s, was more avant-garde, in the 1980s, a new subgenre, neo-progressive rock, enjoyed some commercial success, although it was also accused of being derivative and lacking in innovation. Post-progressive draws upon newer developments in music and the avant-garde since the mid 1970s. The term progressive rock is synonymous with art rock, classical rock, historically, art rock has been used to describe at least two related, but distinct, types of rock music. Similarities between the two terms are that they describe a mostly British attempt to elevate rock music to new levels of artistic credibility. However, art rock is likely to have experimental or avant-garde influences. Prog was devised in the 1990s as a term, but later became a transferable adjective. Although a unidirectional English progressive style emerged in the late 1960s, by 1967, critics of the genre often limit its scope to a stereotype of long solos, overlong albums, fantasy lyrics, grandiose stage sets and costumes, and an obsessive dedication to technical skill. Author Kevin Holm-Hudson believes that rock is a style far more diverse than what is heard from its mainstream groups. They each do so largely unconsciously, academic John S. Cotner contests Macans view that progressive rock cannot exist without the continuous and overt assimilation of classical music into rock. Debate about the criteria and scope of the genre continues in the 2010s. In early references to the music, progressive was partly related to progressive politics, Cotner also says that progressive rock incorporates both formal and eclectic elements, It consists of a combination of factors – some of them intramusical, others extramusical or social. One way of conceptualising rock and roll in relation to music is that progressive music pushed the genre into greater complexity while retracing the roots of romantic
20.
Disc jockey
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A disc jockey is a person who mixes different sources of pre-existing recorded music as it is playing, usually for a live audience in a nightclub or dance club or via broadcasting. DJs typically perform for an audience in a nightclub or dance club or a TV, radio broadcast audience, or in the 2010s. DJs also create mixes, remixes and tracks that are recorded for later sale, in hip hop music, DJs may create beats, using percussion breaks, basslines and other musical content sampled from pre-existing records. In hip hop, rappers and MCs use these beats to rap over, DJs use equipment that can play at least two sources of recorded music simultaneously and mix them together. This allows the DJ to create seamless transitions between recordings and develop unique mixes of songs, DJ equipment, notably the specialized DJ mixer, a small audio mixer with a crossfader and cue functions. The crossfader enables the DJ to blend or transition from one song to another, the cue knobs or switches allow the DJ to preview a source of recorded music in headphones before playing it for the live club or broadcast audience. Previewing the music in headphones helps the DJ pick the track they want to play. DJs may also use a microphone to speak to the audience, effects such as reverb to create sound effects, drum machines. The title DJ is also used by DJs in front of their real names or adopted pseudonyms or stage names as a title to denote their profession. Some DJs focus on creating a mix of songs for the club dancers or radio audience. Other DJs use turntablism techniques such as scratching, in which the DJ or turntablist manipulates the record player turntable to create new sounds. In many types of DJing, including club DJing and radio/TV DJing, there are several types of disc jockey. Radio DJs or radio personalities introduce and play music that is broadcast on AM, FM, club DJs select and play music in bars, nightclubs or discothèques, or at parties, raves, or even in stadiums. Mobile DJs travel with portable sound systems and play recorded music at a variety of events. Some mobile DJs also serve as the master of ceremonies at weddings or other events, directing the attention of attendees, there are also many competitions for DJs that specialize in different turntablism techniques, such as mixing, hip hop music-style scratching or other kinds of techniques. Other types of DJ use musical performance techniques that allow them to be categorized as performing musicians, hip hop DJs and are also often songwriters or music producers who use turntablism and sampling to create backing instrumentals for new tracks. In reggae, the DJ is a vocalist who raps, toasts, chants or chats over pre-recorded rhythm tracks, the individual who helps the DJ by selecting tracks or records to be played is called the selector. Many electronica artists and producers who work as DJs often perform music by combining turntablism with keyboards, digital musical instruments
21.
Dean Jones (actor)
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Dean Carroll Jones was an American actor best known for his light-hearted leading roles in several Walt Disney films between 1965 and 1977, such as The Love Bug. Jones also originated the role of Bobby in Stephen Sondheims Company, Jones was born in Decatur, near the larger neighboring city of Huntsville, Alabama, to Andrew Guy Jones, a traveling construction worker, and the former Nolia Elizabeth Wilhite. His parents are interred at Roselawn Gardens Of Memory in Decatur, as a student at Riverside High School in Decatur, Jones had his own local radio show, Dean Jones Sings. Jones served in the United States Navy during the Korean War, Jones attended Asbury University in Wilmore near Lexington, Kentucky. A member of its Class of 1953, he did not graduate, on March 4,2011, he later addressed the ceremony for the dedication of Asburys Andrew S. Miller Center for Communications Arts. After appearing in film and television roles, Jones made his Broadway debut in the 1960 play There Was a Little Girl. He stepped into the role in Boston, Massachusetts, at one days notice. In 1960 he also played Dave Manning in the Broadway comedy Under the Yum-Yum Tree, after achieving success in film and television, Jones was set to return to Broadway as the star of Stephen Sondheims musical Company in 1970. Shortly after opening night, Jones withdrew from the show, due to stress that he was undergoing from ongoing divorce proceedings, Director Harold Prince agreed to replace him with Larry Kert if Jones would open the show and record the cast album. Jones agreed, and his performance is preserved on the original cast album, in 1986, Jones, by then having become a Christian, starred in Into the Light, a musical about scientists and the Shroud of Turin, which closed four days after it opened. He had far more success touring in the one-man show St. John in Exile as the last surviving Apostle of Jesus Christ, a performance was filmed in 1986. He made one more Broadway appearance, in 1993, at the Vivian Beaumont Theater and he portrayed a soldier in both Imitation General with Glenn Ford and Never So Few with Frank Sinatra. Jones had a role in an episode of ABCs Stagecoach West. He portrayed Joe Brady, one of two outlaws, with Harold J. Stone as Tanner and they are trapped during a sandstorm in a frontier house with series stars Robert Bray and Richard Eyer as Simon and Davey Kane, respectively. The outlaws are sought by the United States Army for armed robbery, the young woman of the house, Martha Whitlock, played by Diana Millay, was recently deserted by her husband. She becomes attracted to Jones character, who considers himself a failure since he had been orphaned at an early age. In the story line, it is determined that Brady is not guilty of the robbery and shooting of the guards, but is culpable as an accessory after the fact. Jones subsequently starred in the NBC television sitcom Ensign OToole, produced by Four Star Television, portraying an easy-going and his co-stars included Jack Mullaney, Jack Albertson, Jay C
22.
Colonel Tom Parker
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Thomas Andrew Colonel Tom Parker was a Dutch-born American talent manager, best known as the manager of Elvis Presley. His management of Presley defined the role of masterminding talent management, Parkers healthy compensation has led some to question whether it came at the detriment of his client. While other managers took compensation in the range of 10–15 percent of earnings, Presley said of Parker, I dont think Id have ever been very big if it wasnt for him. For many years, Parker falsely claimed to have born in the United States. Parker was born in Breda, Netherlands, the seventh of 11 children in a Catholic family, as a boy, he worked as a barker at carnivals in his hometown, learning many of the skills that he would require in later life while working in the entertainment industry. At age 15, Parker moved to Rotterdam, gaining employment on the boats in the port town, at age 17, he first displayed signs of wanting to run away to America to make his fortune. A year later, with money to sustain him for a short period. During his first visit there, he traveled with a Chautauqua educative tent show, before returning briefly to the Netherlands. Alanna Nash would later write in The Colonel, her biography of him, Parker returned to America at age 20, finding work with carnivals due to his previous experience in the Netherlands. He enlisted in the United States Army, taking the name Tom Parker from the officer who interviewed him and he served two years in the 64th Coast Artillery, at Fort Shafter in Hawaii, and shortly afterwards re-enlisted at Fort Barrancas, Florida. Although Parker had served honorably before, he went AWOL this time and was charged with desertion. He was punished with solitary confinement, from which he emerged with a psychosis that led to two months in a hospital, and he was discharged from the Army due to his mental condition. Following his discharge, Parker worked at a number of jobs, including food concessions and he began to build up a list of contacts that would prove valuable in later years. In 1935, Parker married 27-year-old Marie Francis Mott and they struggled to survive through the Great Depression, working short cons and traveling the country seeking work. Parker would later claim that at times they had had to live on as little as $1 a week, Parker first became involved in the music industry as a music promoter in 1938, working with popular singer Gene Austin. Despite having sold over 86 million records since 1924 and earning over $17 million and he had wasted much of his fortune on partying, cars, mansions, and women, and his popularity had been eclipsed by new singers such as Bing Crosby. Parker, charged with the task of promoting the star, found the transition to be a smooth one, using much of his carny experience to sell tickets. He was a good promoter, but he had his sights set on management
23.
Howdy Doody
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It was a pioneer in childrens television programming and set the pattern for many similar shows. Bob Smith created Howdy Doody during his days as an announcer on WNBC. At that time, Howdy Doody was only a voice Smith performed on the radio, Frank Paris, a puppeteer whose puppets appeared on the program, was asked to create a Howdy Doody puppet. Bob Smith, the shows host, was dubbed Buffalo Bob early in the shows run, at first the set was supposed to be a circus tent, but soon was changed, during the show, to a western town. Smith wore cowboy garb, and the name of the star was derived from the American expression howdy doody/howdy do. Used in the western United States Smith, who had gotten his start as a radio personality in Buffalo. Cast members Lew Anderson and Robert Nick Nicholson were both experienced jazz musicians, as both the character and television program grew in popularity, demand for Howdy Doody related merchandise began to surface. By 1948, toymakers and department stores had been approached with requests for Howdy Doody dolls, macys department store contacted Frank Paris, the creator of the puppet, to ask about rights for a Howdy Doody doll. With Paris past disappearances, impromptu excuses regarding the whereabouts of Howdy Doody had been hastily concocted and this time, an elaborate explanation was offered—that Howdy was busy with the elections on the campaign trail. NBC hurriedly constructed a map of the United States, which allowed viewers, with the help of Smith, the explanation continued that while on the campaign trail, Howdy decided to improve his appearance with some plastic surgery. Since Paris did not provide the voice of the character, Howdys voice would stay the same after his appearance changed, the puppet which is remembered as the original Howdy Doody replaced the actual original made by Frank Paris. Howdy Doody himself is a freckle-faced boy marionette with 48 freckles, one for state of the union. The Howdy Doody shows various marionettes were created and built by puppeteers Velma Wayne Dawson, Scott Brinker and Rufus Rose throughout the shows run. The redheaded Howdy marionette on the show was operated with 11 strings. Three strings were added when the show returned—two elbows and one nose, the original Howdy Doody marionette now resides at the Detroit Institute of Arts. Double Doody, the Howdy stand-in puppet, is now in the collection of the Division of Culture, photo Doody is the near-stringless marionette that was used in personal appearances, photos, parades, and the famed NBC test pattern. He was sold by Lelands Sports Auction House in 1997 for more than $113,000 to an art collector. There were also two other marionettes, Don José, and Hector Hamhock Bluster, brothers of Phineas T, one of Semoks marionette duplicates appears on a 2005 cover of TV Guide magazine as part of a series recreating classic covers from the magazines history
24.
Pipe Dream (musical)
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Pipe Dream is the seventh musical by the team of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, it premiered on Broadway on November 30,1955. The work is based on John Steinbecks short novel Sweet Thursday—Steinbeck wrote the novel, Pipe Dream was a flop and a financial disaster for Rodgers and Hammerstein. Broadway producers Cy Feuer and Ernie Martin held the rights to Sweet Thursday, when Loesser proved unavailable, Feuer and Martin succeeded in interesting Rodgers and Hammerstein in the project. As Hammerstein adapted Sweet Thursday, he and Rodgers had concerns about featuring a prostitute as female lead and they signed operatic diva Helen Traubel to play Fauna, the house madam. As the show progressed through tryouts, Hammerstein repeatedly revised it, obscuring Suzys profession, Pipe Dream met with poor reviews, and rapidly closed once it exhausted its advance sale. It had no tour or London production, and has rarely been presented since. No movie version of the show was made, the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization once hoped for a version featuring the Muppets with Fauna played by Miss Piggy. Following World War II, Cy Feuer and Ernie Martin started producing musicals together, Feuer was the former head of the music department at low-budget Republic Pictures, Martin was a television executive. Having secured the rights to the farce Charleys Aunt, they produced it as the musical comedy Wheres Charley, with a score by Frank Loesser. Among the backers of Wheres Charley, were Rodgers and Hammerstein, which helped secure additional investment. The show was a hit and helped establish Feuer and Martin on Broadway—they would go on to produce Guys, in the aftermath of Guys and Dollss success, Feuer and Martin were interested in adapting John Steinbecks 1945 novel Cannery Row into a musical. They felt that some of the characters, such as marine biologist Doc, would work well in a musical, Steinbeck suggested that he write a sequel to Cannery Row that would feature the characters attractive to Feuer and Martin. Based on suggestions for the line by Feuer and Martin. Cannery Row is set in Monterey, California, before World War II, in Sweet Thursday, Doc returns from the war to find Cannery Row almost deserted and many of his colorful friends gone. Even his close friend Dora, who ran the Bear Flag Restaurant, a whorehouse, has died, a former social worker, Fauna teaches the girls how to set a table properly, hopeful they will marry wealthy men. Docs friends Mack and Hazel are still around and they decide Docs discontent is due to loneliness, and try to get him together with Suzy, a prostitute who has just arrived in Monterey. The two have a romance, disgusted by her life as a hooker, Suzy leaves the bawdy house. She decides she cannot stay with Doc, but tells her friends that if Doc fell ill, the accommodating Hazel promptly breaks Docs arm as he sleeps, bringing the two lovers back together
25.
From Here to Eternity
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From Here to Eternity is a 1953 drama film directed by Fred Zinnemann and based on the novel of the same name by James Jones. Deborah Kerr and Donna Reed portray the women in their lives and the supporting cast includes Ernest Borgnine, Philip Ober, Jack Warden, Mickey Shaughnessy, Claude Akins, and George Reeves. The film won eight Academy Awards out of 13 nominations, including awards for Picture, Best Director, Adapted Screenplay, Supporting Actor and Supporting Actress. The films title comes from a quote from Rudyard Kiplings 1892 poem Gentlemen-Rankers. In 2002 From Here to Eternity was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. In 1941, bugler and career soldier Private Robert E. Lee Prewitt transfers to a company at Schofield Barracks on the island of Oahu. Captain Dana Dynamite Holmes has heard he is a middleweight boxer. Prewitt refuses, having stopped fighting because he blinded his sparring partner, Holmes makes life as miserable as possible for Prewitt, hoping that he will give in. Holmes orders First Sergeant Milton Warden to prepare general court-martial papers after Sergeant Galovitch first insults Prewitt, Warden suggests, however, that he try to get Prewitt to change his mind by doubling up on company punishment. The other non-commissioned officers join the conspiracy, Prewitt is supported by his only friend, Private Angelo Maggio. Meanwhile, Warden begins an affair with Holmes neglected wife, Karen, Warden tells Karen that he is risking a twenty-year prison sentence. Sergeant Maylon Stark has told Warden about Karens many previous affairs at Fort Bliss, as their relationship develops, Warden asks Karen about her affairs to test her sincerity. Karen relates that Holmes has been unfaithful to her most of their marriage and she miscarried one night when Holmes returned home from seeing a hat-check girl, drunk and unable to call a doctor, resulting in her being unable to bear any more children. She then affirms her love for Warden, Prewitt and Maggio spend their liberty at the New Congress Club, a gentlemens club where Prewitt falls for Lorene. She wants to marry a man with a proper job. Maggio and Staff Sergeant James R. Judson nearly come to blows at the club over Judsons loud piano playing, later, Judson provokes Maggio by taking his photograph of his sister from him, kissing it, and whispering in Prewitts ear. Maggio smashes a barstool over Judsons head, Judson pulls a switchblade, but Warden intervenes. Judson backs down but warns Maggio that sooner or later he will end up in the stockade, Karen tells Warden that if he became an officer, she could divorce Holmes and marry him
26.
Variety (magazine)
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Variety is a weekly American entertainment trade magazine and website owned by Penske Media Corporation. The last daily printed edition was put out on March 19,2013, Variety originally reported on theater and vaudeville. Variety has been published since December 16,1905, when it was launched by Sime Silverman as a weekly periodical covering vaudeville with its headquarters in New York City, on January 19,1907, Variety published what is considered the first film review in history. In 1933, Sime Silverman launched Daily Variety, based in Hollywood, Sime Silverman had passed on the editorship of the Weekly Variety to Abel Green as his replacement in 1931, he remained as publisher until his death in 1933 soon after launching the Daily. His son Sidne Silverman, known as Skigie, succeeded him as publisher of both publications, both Sidne and his wife, stage actress Marie Saxon, died of tuberculosis. Their only son Syd Silverman, born 1932, was the heir to what was then Variety Inc. Young Syds legal guardian Harold Erichs oversaw Variety Inc. until 1956, after that date Syd Silverman was publisher of both the Weekly Variety in New York and the Daily Variety in Hollywood, until the sale of both papers in 1987 to the Cahners Corp. In L. A. the Daily was edited by Tom Pryor from 1959 until 1988, for twenty years its editor-in-chief was Peter Bart, originally only of the weekly New York edition, with Michael Silverman running the Daily in Hollywood. Bart had worked previously at Paramount Pictures and The New York Times, in April 2009, Bart moved to the position of vice president and editorial director, characterized online as Boffo No More, Bart Up and Out at Variety. From mid 2009 to 2013, Timothy M. Gray oversaw the publication as Editor-in-Chief, after over 30 years of various reporter, in October 2014, Eller and Wallenstein were upped to Co-Editors in Chief, with Littleton continuing to oversee the trades television coverage. This dissemination comes in the form of columns, news stories, images, video, Cahners Publishing purchased Variety from the Silverman family in 1987. On December 7,1988, Barts predecessor, Roger Watkins, proposed, upon its launch, the new-look Variety measured one inch shorter with a washed-out color on the front. In October 2012, Reed Business Information, the periodicals owner, PMC is the owner of Deadline. com, which since the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike has been considered Varietys largest competitor in online showbiz news. In October,2012, Jay Penske announced that the paywall would come down, the print publication would stay. A significant portion of the advertising revenue comes during the film-award season leading up to the Academy Awards. During this Awards Season, large numbers of colorful, full-page For Your Consideration advertisements inflate the size of Variety to double or triple its usual page count, paid circulation for the weekly Variety magazine in 2013 was 40,000. Each copy of each Variety issue is read by an average of three people, with a total readership of 120,000. Variety. com has 17 million unique monthly visitors, Variety is a weekly entertainment publication with a broad coverage of movies, television, theater, music and technology, written for entertainment executives
27.
Omaha, Nebraska
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Omaha is the largest city in the state of Nebraska and the county seat of Douglas County. Omaha is located in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River, Omaha is the anchor of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area, which includes Council Bluffs, Iowa, across the Missouri River from Omaha. According to the 2010 census, Omahas population was 408,958, according to the 2014 Population Estimates, Omahas population was 446,599. Including its suburbs, Omaha formed the 60th-largest metropolitan area in the United States in 2013, the Omaha-Council Bluffs-Fremont, Nebraska-IA Combined Statistical Area is 931,667, according to the U. S. Census Bureaus 2013 estimate. There are nearly 1.3 million residents within the Greater Omaha area, comprising a 50-mile radius of Downtown Omaha, Omahas pioneer period began in 1854, when the city was founded by speculators from neighboring Council Bluffs, Iowa. The city was founded along the Missouri River, and a crossing called Lone Tree Ferry earned the city its nickname, Omaha introduced this new West to the world in 1898, when it played host to the Worlds Fair, dubbed the Trans-Mississippi Exposition. During the 19th century, Omahas central location in the United States spurred the city to become an important national transportation hub, throughout the rest of the 19th century, the transportation and jobbing sectors were important in the city, along with its railroads and breweries. In the 20th century, the Omaha Stockyards, once the worlds largest, Omaha is also the home to five Fortune 1000 headquarters, Green Plains Renewable Energy, TD Ameritrade, Valmont Industries, Werner Enterprises, and West Corporation. And Leo A Daly, the Gallup Organization, of Gallup Poll fame, Enron began in Omaha as Northern Natural Gas in 1930, before taking over a smaller Houston company in 1985 to form InterNorth, which Kenneth Lay moved permanently to Houston, in 1987. The modern economy of Omaha is diverse and built on skilled knowledge jobs, in 2009, Forbes identified Omaha as the nations number one Best Bang-For-The Buck City and ranked it number one on Americas Fastest-Recovering Cities list. Also, Omaha hosted the U. S. Olympic swim trials in 2008,2012 and 2016, the word Omaha means Dwellers on the bluff. In 1804 the Lewis and Clark Expedition passed by the riverbanks where the city of Omaha would be built, there was fierce competition among fur traders until John Jacob Astor created the monopoly of the American Fur Company. The Mormons built a town called Cutlers Park in the area in 1846, while it was temporary, the settlement provided the basis for further development in the future. Through 26 separate treaties with the United States federal government, Native American tribes in Nebraska gradually ceded the lands comprising the state. The treaty and cession involving the Omaha area occurred in 1854 when the Omaha Tribe ceded most of east-central Nebraska, Logan Fontenelle, an interpreter for the Omaha and signatory to the 1854 treaty, played an essential role in those proceedings. Before it was legal to claim land in Indian Country, William D. Brown was operating the Lone Tree Ferry to bring settlers from Council Bluffs, Brown is generally credited as having the first vision for a city where Omaha now sits. The passage of the Kansas–Nebraska Act in 1854 was presaged by the out of claims around the area to become Omaha by residents from neighboring Council Bluffs. On July 4,1854, the city was established at a picnic on Capital Hill
28.
Elaine Dundy
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Elaine Dundy was an American novelist, biographer, journalist, actress and playwright. She was born Elaine Rita Brimberg in New York City, of Polish and her Polish-born Jewish father, Samuel Brimberg, was an office furniture manufacturer and a violent bully. Her mother was the daughter of a multimillionaire Jewish manufacturer and inventor, Dundy grew up in a Park Avenue home where she was educated by a governess, though she eventually attended high school, where her boyfriend Terry was the son of playwright Maxwell Anderson. Later, they met again and almost married, a habituée of New York nightclubs from the age of 15, she met the exiled Dutch painter Piet Mondrian, who wished to be taught how to jitterbug. Dundys controlling father insisted she live at home while in New York, at the end of World War II, she traveled to Europe, first to live in Paris, France, dubbing French films, before settling in London, where she performed in a BBC radio play. In 1950, she met the theater critic Kenneth Tynan, and they married on January 25,1951, had a daughter Tracy, and became part of the theatrical and film elite of London and Hollywood. Dundys sister, Shirley Clarke, was an independent filmmaker. In 1958, Dundy published her first novel, The Dud Avocado and it reached the top of the bestseller lists. It made me laugh, scream and guffaw, if this was actually your life, I dont know how on earth you got through it. Tynan disapproved of Dundys writing vocation, despite having forecast success, because it distracted attention from himself, around this time Tynan started to insist on flagellating his wife, with the threat of his own suicide if she refused. Drugs, alcohol, and extramarital affairs by both parties resulted in the marriage becoming fraught, and it was dissolved in 1964, in 1962, she was a writer for the BBCs satirical That Was the Week That Was. Dundy eventually cured herself of addictions during the period 1968-76 and maintained her initial success as an author, in addition to novels and short stories, Dundy wrote for The New York Times. She wrote books on the actor Peter Finch, the city of Ferriday, Louisiana, as part of her research for the Presley book, Dundy moved from her luxurious suites in London and New York to live for five months in Presleys birthplace of Tupelo, Mississippi. Elvis and Gladys was first published by Macmillan in 1985, the Boston Globe hailed it as nothing less than the best Elvis book yet. Kirkus Reviews described it as the most fine-grained Elvis bio ever, Dundy maintained a home in London until 1986, and then moved to Los Angeles to be near her daughter. By then, Tracy was a designer, she is married to film director Jim McBride. Dundy published her autobiography, Life Itself. in 2001, Tracy Tynans memoir, Wear and Tear, published in the United States in 2016, deals with Tynans trying experiences of her parents. In Dundys final years, she was losing her eyesight owing to macular degeneration and she died of a heart attack in Los Angeles, California on May 1,2008, aged 86
29.
Elvis and Gladys
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Elvis and Gladys is a biography of rock and roll singer Elvis Presley by author and film industry insider, Elaine Dundy. The book recounts Presleys early life, the role his mother Gladys played in his formative years, hardcover edition published in the United States in 1985 by MacMillan Publishing Company, New York. It was reissued in paperback in 2004 by the University Press of Mississippi, widely acclaimed, the Boston Globe called it Nothing less than the best Elvis book yet and Kirkus Reviews, The most fine-grained Elvis bio ever. The biopic which depicted Elvis relationship with Gladys is featured in the TV series Elvis, books University Press of Mississippi Elaine Dundy website
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Lillian Roth
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Lillian Roth was an American singer and actress. Her life story was told in the 1955 film Ill Cry Tomorrow, in which she was portrayed by Susan Hayward, Roth was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of Katie and Arthur Rutstein. She was only 6 years old when her mother took her to Educational Pictures, in her autobiography, she described being molested by the man who painted her as a statue. The following year, she made her Broadway debut in The Inner Man and her motion-picture debut came in 1918 in Pershings Crusaders as an extra. Together with her sister Ann, she toured as Lillian Roth, at times, the two were billed as The Roth Kids. One of the most exciting moments for her came when she met U. S. President Woodrow Wilson, according to her autobiography, the president took Lillian and her sister for a ride around the block in his chauffeur-driven car, after attending a performance of their vaudeville act. Roth entered the Clark School of Concentration in the early 1920s and she appeared in Artists and Models in 1923 and went on to make Revels with Frank Fay. During production for the show, she told management she was 19 years of age. In 1927, when Roth was 17, she made the first of three Earl Carroll Vanities, which was followed by Midnight Frolics, a Florenz Ziegfeld production. Soon the young actress signed a contract with Paramount Pictures. Among the films she made with Paramount were The Love Parade with Maurice Chevalier and Jeanette MacDonald, The Vagabond King, Paramount on Parade, Honey, Cecil B. DeMilles Madam Satan with Reginald Denny and Kay Johnson, Sea Legs with Jack Oakie, and she took over Ethel Mermans stage role in the film version of Take a Chance, singing Eadie Was a Lady. After leaving Paramount, she had a role in the womens prison film Ladies They Talk About with Barbara Stanwyck. She headlined the Palace Theatre in New York City and performed in the Earl Carroll Vanities in 1928,1931 and she continued to make strides as a singer in an era when so much was being set to music. During this time, her life was increasingly overshadowed by her alcoholism. Although her parents were not stereotypical stage parents, as a response to their influence, in her books and interviews, she said she was too trusting of husbands who made key decisions concerning her money and contracts. Roth was out of the limelight from the late 1930s, roth’s personal and spiritual feelings led her to convert to Catholicism in 1948. Roth declared that she was so inherently Jewish that she could not really forget her heritage, in 1953, she appeared on a special episode of the TV series This Is Your Life with Ralph Edwards
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Bill Black
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William Patton Bill Black, Jr. was an American musician and bandleader who is noted as one of the pioneers of rock and roll music. Black was the bassist in Elvis Presleys early trio after which he formed Bill Blacks Combo, Black was born in Memphis, Tennessee, to a motorman for the Memphis Street Railway. He was the oldest of nine children and his father played popular songs on the banjo and fiddle to entertain the family. Black learned to play music at the age of 14 on an instrument made by his cigar box with a board nailed to it. At the age of sixteen, Black was performing music on acoustic guitar in local bars. During World War II, Black was stationed with the U. S. Army at Fort Lee in Virginia, while in the Army, he met Evelyn, who played guitar as the member of a musical family. They married in 1946 and returned to Memphis, Black worked at the Firestone plant. He began playing the bass fiddle, modeling his slap bass technique after one of his idols, Fred Maddox of Maddox Brothers. Black also developed a stage clown persona in the way that Maddox entertained audiences. Black performed as a hillbilly with blacked-out teeth, straw hat. According to his son, Black said his goal was always to give his audience a few moments of entertainment, in 1952, Black began playing club and radio shows with guitarist Scotty Moore. Along with two guitarists and a fiddler, they performed country music tunes by Hank Williams and Red Foley in Doug Poindexters band. Black and Moore also played in a band with Paul Burlison, Johnny Burnette, Dorsey Burnette on steel guitar, in July 1954, Sam Phillips of Sun Records asked Black and Moore to play back-up for the as-yet-unknown Elvis Presley. Black played slap bass with guitarist Scotty Moore, while Elvis Presley played rhythm guitar, neither musician was overly impressed with Presley, but they agreed a studio session would be useful to explore his potential. On July 5,1954, the trio met at Sun studios to rehearse, according to Moore, the first song they recorded was I Love You Because, but after a few country music songs that werent impressive they decided to take a break. During the break, Presley began acting the fool with Arthur Crudups Thats All Right, when the other two musicians joined in, Phillips taped the song. Get that on the radio and theyll run us out of town, the next day, the group recorded four more songs, including bluegrass musician Bill Monroes Blue Moon of Kentucky, which he had written and recorded as a slow waltz. Sources credit Bill Black with initiating the song, with Presley, Moore said, Bill is the one who came up with Blue Moon of Kentucky
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Culver City, California
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Culver City is a city in Los Angeles County, California. The city was named after its founder, Harry Culver, as of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 38,883. It is mostly surrounded by the city of Los Angeles, over the years, it has annexed more than 40 pieces of adjoining land and now comprises about five square miles. Since the 1920s, Culver City has been a center for motion picture and later television production, from 1932 to 1985, it was the headquarters for the Hughes Aircraft Company. National Public Radio West and Sony Pictures Entertainment have headquarters in the city, the NFL Network studio is also based in Culver City. Archaeological evidence suggests a human presence in the area of present-day Culver City since at least 8,000 BC, the region was the homeland of the Tongva-Gabrieliño Native Americans, who held a presence in the region for over 8,000 years. The city was founded primarily on the lands of the former Rancho La Ballona, Rancho Rincon de los Bueyes, and Rancho La Cienega o Paso de la Tijera. In 1861, during the American Civil War, Camp Latham was established by the 1st California Infantry under Col. James H. Carleton and the 1st California Cavalry under Lt. Col. Benjamin F. Davis. Named for California Senator Milton S. Latham, the camp was the first staging area for the training of Union troops and their operations in Southern California. It was located on land of the Rancho La Ballona, on the South side of Ballona Creek, near what is now the intersection of Jefferson, the post was later moved to Camp Drum, which became the Drum Barracks. Harry Culver first attempted to establish Culver City in 1913, the city was incorporated on September 20,1917, the city was one of many all-white planned communities started in the Los Angeles area around this time. The first film studio in Culver City was built by Thomas Ince in 1918, in 1919, silent film comedy producer Hal Roach built his studios there, and Metro Goldwyn Mayer in the 20s. During Prohibition, speakeasies and nightclubs such as the Cotton Club lined Washington Boulevard, Culver Center, one of Southern Californias first shopping malls, was completed in 1950 on Venice Boulevard near the Overland Avenue intersection. Today, it has retail stores, a supermarket, a Rite Aid department store, Best Buy. Hughes Aircraft opened its Culver City plant in July 1941, there the company built the H-4 Hercules transport. Hughes was also a subcontractor in World War II. It developed and patented a flexible feed chute for faster loading of machine guns on B-17 bombers, Hughes produced more ammunition belts than any other American manufacturer, and built 5,576 wings and 6,370 rear fuselage sections for Vultee BT-13 trainers. Hughes grew after the war, and in 1953 Howard Hughes donated all of his stock in the company to the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, after he died in 1976, the institute sold the company, which made it the second-best-endowed medical research foundation in the world
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Anamorphic format
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Anamorphic format is the cinematography technique of shooting a widescreen picture on standard 35 mm film or other visual recording media with a non-widescreen native aspect ratio. It also refers to the format in which a distorted image is stretched by an anamorphic projection lens to recreate the original aspect ratio on the viewing screen. The word anamorphic and its derivatives stem from the Greek words meaning formed again, the process of anamorphosing optics was developed by Henri Chrétien during World War I to provide a wide angle viewer for military tanks. The optical process was called Hypergonar by Chrétien and was capable of showing a field of view of 180 degrees, after the war, the technology was first used in a cinematic context in the short film Construire un Feu in 1927 by Claude Autant-Lara. In the 1920s, phonograph and motion picture pioneer Leon F. Douglass also created special effects, however, how this relates to the earlier French invention, and later development, is unclear. Anamorphic widescreen was not used again for cinematography until 1952 when Twentieth Century-Fox bought the rights to the technique to create its CinemaScope widescreen technique, CinemaScope was one of many widescreen formats developed in the 1950s to compete with the popularity of television and bring audiences back to the cinemas. The Robe, which premiered in 1953, was the first feature film released that was filmed with an anamorphic lens, the development of anamorphic widescreen arose due to a desire for wider aspect ratios while maintaining the use of standard cameras and projectors, and maximising overall image detail. The modern anamorphic format has a ratio of 2.40,1. Academy format 35 mm film has a ratio of 1.37,1. To make full use of the film, thereby increasing overall image detail. Whatever the method used, the anamorphic lens leaves the image on film looking as if it had been stretched vertically and this deliberate geometric distortion is then reversed upon projection, resulting in a wider aspect ratio on-screen than that of the frame as recorded on film. An anamorphic lens consists of a spherical lens, plus an anamorphic attachment that does the anamorphosing. The anamorphic element operates at infinite focal length, but still nevertheless anamorphoses the optical field. When an anamorphic attachment is used, one uses a lens of a different focal length than one would for 1.85,1. Since a larger film area needed to be used in order to record the same picture and it should be noted that the picture is not manipulated in any way in the dimension that is orthogonal to the one anamorphosed. Cinerama was an attempt to solve the problem of high-quality widescreen imaging. Nonetheless, the format was popular enough with audiences to spur studios to the wide screen developments of the early 1950s, a few films were distributed in Cinerama format and shown in special theaters. Anamorphic widescreen was attractive to studios because of its high aspect ratio, without the disadvantages of Cineramas added complexities
