1.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background, in the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the half of the star field. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year, special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E. M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamor, Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and a firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. By another account, the stars were inspired, by Sugarmans drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars. In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree inside a star on a brown background. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B, deMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz. A requirement stipulated by the audio recording committee specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement, as a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959, construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting, in October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr. sought damages for the exclusion of his father, chaplins suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project. Woodwards name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558, the other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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6801 Hollywood Boulevard near
Dolby Theatre
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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A typical Walk of Fame star in the phonograph record category. The charcoal terrazzo contrasts with the pink terrazzo star and brass surround, emblem and lettering.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame at the 6800 block of Hollywood Boulevard, looking eastward. The Dolby Theatre is in the foreground at left. In the upper left quadrant is the famous intersection of
Hollywood and Highland.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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Joanne Woodward 's star, contrary to popular belief, was not the first.
2.
Palo Alto, California
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Palo Alto is a charter city located in the northwest corner of Santa Clara County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area of the United States. The city shares its borders with East Palo Alto, Mountain View, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Stanford, Portola Valley and it is named after a coast redwood tree called El Palo Alto. Palo Alto was established by Leland Stanford Sr. when he founded Stanford University, following the death of his son and it has also served as an incubator to several other high-technology companies such as Google, Facebook, Logitech, Intuit, Pinterest, and PayPal. As of the 2010 census, the total resident population is 64,403. Palo Alto is one of the most expensive cities in the United States, the recorded history of Palo Alto dates back to 1769, when Gaspar de Portolá noted an Ohlone settlement. This remains an area of known Indian mounds, a plaque at Middlefield Road and Embarcadero Road commemorates the area. The city got its name from a tall coast redwood tree, named El Palo Alto, a plaque there recounts the story of the Portolà expedition, a 63-man, 200-horse expedition from San Diego to Monterey from November 7–11,1769. The group overshot Monterey in the fog and when they reached modern-day Pacifica, they ascended Sweeney Ridge, thinking the bay was too wide to cross, the group retraced their journey to Monterey, never becoming aware of the Golden Gate entrance to the Bay. Located south of the San Francisquito Creek, west of todays I-280, in 1835, Rafael Soto and family settled near the San Francisquito Creek near Newell and Middlefield, selling goods to travelers. Rafael Soto died in 1839, but his wife, Maria Antonia Mesa, was granted Rancho Rinconada del Arroyo de San Francisquito in 1841, in 1839, their daughter María Luisa Soto married John Coppinger, who was the grantee of Rancho Cañada de Raymundo. Rancho Cañada de Raymundo was West of San Francisquito Creek, and began at Alambique Creek, the border of Rancho Corte de Madera. Bear Gulch Creek flowed on his land in Portola Valley, the rancho also abutted Buelnas grant near Skyline Boulevard and Matadero Creek. Upon Coppingers death, Maria inherited it and later married a visiting boat captain, Greer owned a home on the site that is now Town & Country Village on Embarcadero and El Camino Real. Greer Avenue and Court are named for him, to the west of Rafael Soto, near El Camino and following the Creek, was Rancho San Francisquito granted in 1839 to Antonio Buelna and wife Maria Concepcion. To the south of the Sotos, the brothers Secundino and Teodoro Robles in 1849 bought Rancho Rincon de San Francisquito from José Peña, where the Joness house was, then east down Arastradero Rd. to the north property line of Alta Mesa Memorial Park and Terman Park. The property then went along the bay to the Embarcadero, a boundary in the day, then up to the Stanford University gates, up Galvez. The grant was bounded on the south by Mariano Castros Rancho Pastoria de las Borregas grant across San Antonio Road, thats the Robles Rancho, about 80% of Palo Alto and Stanford University. It was whittled down by 1863 through courts to 6,981 acres, stories say their grand hacienda was built on the former meager adobe of José Peña near Ferne off San Antonio Road, midway between Middlefield and Alma Street
Palo Alto, California
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Palo Alto
Palo Alto, California
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University Avenue at the Circle with train steaming toward El Palo Alto, 1894
Palo Alto, California
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Guinda Street in Palo Alto
Palo Alto, California
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Fog from the Pacific rolling over the Foothills
3.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
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Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
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Flag
United States
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The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
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The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
4.
University of California, Los Angeles
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The University of California, Los Angeles is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, California, United States. It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 and it offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. UCLA enrolls about 31,000 undergraduate and 13,000 graduate students, and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016, including transfer applicants, the university is organized into six undergraduate colleges, seven professional schools, and four professional health science schools. Fourteen Nobel laureates, three Fields Medalists, two Chief Scientists of the U. S. Air Force and three Turing Award winners have been faculty, researchers, or alumni, the university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2015–2016 ranked UCLA 16th in the world for academics, in 2015-2016, UCLA ranked 12th in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities and 31st in the 2016/17 QS World University Rankings. UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference, the Bruins won 126 national championships, including 113 NCAA team championships, more than any other university. UCLA student-athletes, coaches and staff won 251 Olympic medals,126 gold,65 silver and 60 bronze, UCLA student-athletes competed in every Olympics since 1920 with one exception, and won a gold medal in every Olympics that the United States participated in since 1932. The State Normal School at Los Angeles opened on August 29,1882, the facility included an elementary school where teachers-in-training could practice their technique with children. That elementary school is related to the present day version, UCLA Lab School, in 1887, the school became known as the Los Angeles State Normal School. In 1914, the moved to a new campus on Vermont Avenue in East Hollywood. However, David Prescott Barrows, the new President of the University of California, the same legislation added its general undergraduate program, the College of Letters and Science. After the athletic teams entered the Pacific Coast conference in 1926, the Southern Branch student council adopted the nickname Bruins, in 1927, the Regents renamed the Southern Branch the University of California at Los Angeles. In the same year, the state broke ground in Westwood on land sold for $1 million, less than one-third its value, by real estate developers Edwin and Harold Janss, the campus in Westwood opened to students in 1929. The original four buildings were the College Library, Royce Hall, the Physics-Biology Building, the first undergraduate classes on the new campus were held in 1929 with 5,500 students. A timeline of the history can be found on its website, during its first 32 years, UCLA was treated as an off-site department of UC. As such, its presiding officer was called a provost, in 1951, UCLA was formally elevated to co-equal status with UC Berkeley, and its presiding officer Raymond B. Allen was the first chief executive to be granted the title of chancellor. The appointment of Franklin David Murphy to the position of Chancellor in 1960 helped spark an era of growth of facilities. By the end of the decade, UCLA had achieved distinction in a range of subjects
University of California, Los Angeles
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The Los Angeles branch of
California State Normal School, 1881.
University of California, Los Angeles
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UCLA official seal
University of California, Los Angeles
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University of California, Southern Branch's Vermont Campus, 1922.
University of California, Los Angeles
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The Bruin statue, designed by Billy Fitzgerald, in Bruin Plaza.
5.
Columbia University
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Columbia University is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It was established in 1754 as Kings College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain, after the American Revolutionary War, Kings College briefly became a state entity, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784. Columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities and was the first school in the United States to grant the M. D. degree. The university also has global research outposts in Amman, Beijing, Istanbul, Paris, Mumbai, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago, Asunción, Columbia administers annually the Pulitzer Prize. Additionally,100 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Columbia as students, researchers, faculty, Columbia is second only to Harvard University in the number of Nobel Prize-winning affiliates, with over 100 recipients of the award as of 2016. In 1746 an act was passed by the assembly of New York to raise funds for the foundation of a new college. Classes were initially held in July 1754 and were presided over by the colleges first president, Dr. Johnson was the only instructor of the colleges first class, which consisted of a mere eight students. Instruction was held in a new schoolhouse adjoining Trinity Church, located on what is now lower Broadway in Manhattan, in 1763, Dr. Johnson was succeeded in the presidency by Myles Cooper, a graduate of The Queens College, Oxford, and an ardent Tory. In the charged political climate of the American Revolution, his opponent in discussions at the college was an undergraduate of the class of 1777. The suspension continued through the occupation of New York City by British troops until their departure in 1783. The colleges library was looted and its sole building requisitioned for use as a hospital first by American. Loyalists were forced to abandon their Kings College in New York, the Loyalists, led by Bishop Charles Inglis fled to Windsor, Nova Scotia, where they founded Kings Collegiate School. After the Revolution, the college turned to the State of New York in order to restore its vitality, the Legislature agreed to assist the college, and on May 1,1784, it passed an Act for granting certain privileges to the College heretofore called Kings College. The Regents finally became aware of the colleges defective constitution in February 1787 and appointed a revision committee, in April of that same year, a new charter was adopted for the college, still in use today, granting power to a private board of 24 Trustees. On May 21,1787, William Samuel Johnson, the son of Dr. Samuel Johnson, was unanimously elected President of Columbia College, prior to serving at the university, Johnson had participated in the First Continental Congress and been chosen as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention. The colleges enrollment, structure, and academics stagnated for the majority of the 19th century, with many of the college presidents doing little to change the way that the college functioned. In 1857, the college moved from the Kings College campus at Park Place to a primarily Gothic Revival campus on 49th Street and Madison Avenue, during the last half of the 19th century, under the leadership of President F. A. P. Barnard, the institution assumed the shape of a modern university
Columbia University
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The Library at Columbia University, ca. 1900
Columbia University
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Columbia University
Columbia University
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Low Memorial Library
Columbia University
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Alma Mater
6.
New York University
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New York University is a private nonprofit research university based in New York City. Founded in 1831, NYU is considered one of the worlds most influential research universities, University rankings compiled by Times Higher Education, U. S. News & World Report, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities all rank NYU amongst the top 32 universities in the world. NYU is a part of the creativity, energy and vibrancy that is Manhattan, located with its core in Greenwich Village. Among its faculty and alumni are 37 Nobel Laureates, over 30 Pulitzer Prize winners, over 30 Academy Award winners, alumni include heads of state, royalty, eminent mathematicians, inventors, media figures, Olympic medalists, CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, and astronauts. NYU alumni are among the wealthiest in the world, according to The Princeton Review, NYU is consistently considered by students and parents as a Top Dream College. Albert Gallatin, Secretary of Treasury under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, declared his intention to establish in this immense, a system of rational and practical education fitting and graciously opened to all. A three-day-long literary and scientific convention held in City Hall in 1830 and these New Yorkers believed the city needed a university designed for young men who would be admitted based upon merit rather than birthright or social class. On April 18,1831, an institution was established, with the support of a group of prominent New York City residents from the merchants, bankers. Albert Gallatin was elected as the institutions first president, the university has been popularly known as New York University since its inception and was officially renamed New York University in 1896. In 1832, NYU held its first classes in rented rooms of four-story Clinton Hall, in 1835, the School of Law, NYUs first professional school, was established. American Chemical Society was founded in 1876 at NYU and it became one of the nations largest universities, with an enrollment of 9,300 in 1917. NYU had its Washington Square campus since its founding, the university purchased a campus at University Heights in the Bronx because of overcrowding on the old campus. NYU also had a desire to follow New York Citys development further uptown, NYUs move to the Bronx occurred in 1894, spearheaded by the efforts of Chancellor Henry Mitchell MacCracken. The University Heights campus was far more spacious than its predecessor was, as a result, most of the universitys operations along with the undergraduate College of Arts and Science and School of Engineering were housed there. NYUs administrative operations were moved to the new campus, but the schools of the university remained at Washington Square. In 1914, Washington Square College was founded as the undergraduate college of NYU. In 1935, NYU opened the Nassau College-Hofstra Memorial of New York University at Hempstead and this extension would later become a fully independent Hofstra University. In 1950, NYU was elected to the Association of American Universities, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, financial crisis gripped the New York City government and the troubles spread to the citys institutions, including NYU
New York University
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Albert Gallatin
New York University
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New York University
New York University
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The University Heights campus, now home to
Bronx Community College
New York University
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The
Silver Center c. 1900
7.
Brooklyn College
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Brooklyn College is a senior college of the City University of New York, located in the Midwood neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. Brooklyn Colleges origin began in 1910 with the establishment of a division of the City College for Teachers. The school then began offering evening classes for male college students in 1917. With the merger of these branches, Brooklyn College became the first public coeducational liberal arts college in New York City, the colleges 26-acre campus is known for its beauty, and is often regarded as the poor mans Harvard because of its low tuition and reputation for respectable academics. In 1932, the architect Randolph Evans drafted a plan for the campus on a large plot of land his employer owned in the Midwood section of Brooklyn. He sketched out a Georgian-style campus facing a central quadrangle, Evans presented the sketches to the president of the college at the time, Dr. William A. Boylan. Boylan was pleased with the plans, and the lot of land was purchased for $1.6 million, construction of the new campus began in 1935, with a groundbreaking ceremony attended by then Mayor Fiorello La Guardia and Brooklyn Borough President Raymond Ingersoll. In 1936, then-President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt went to Brooklyn College to lay the cornerstone of the Brooklyn College Gymnasium, President Boylan, Borough President Ingersoll, and President Roosevelt all had buildings on Brooklyn Colleges campus named after them. The campus located in Midwood became the only Brooklyn College campus after the schools Downtown Brooklyn campus was shut down during the 1975 budget emergency, Brooklyn Colleges campus East Quad today looks much as it did when it was originally constructed. The campus also serves as home to the Brooklyn Center for the Performing Arts complex and its four theaters, the demolition of Gershwin Hall, replaced by The Leonard & Claire Tow Center for the Performing Arts, is the most recent construction on an evolving campus. Other changes to the design include the demolition of Plaza Building, due to its inefficient use of space, poor ventilation. To replace Plaza Building the college constructed West Quad Center, designed by the notable Uruguayan architect Rafael Viñoly, the new building contains classroom space, offices, gymnasiums and a swimming pool. It houses the offices of Registration, Admissions, Financial Aid, the grounds contain a quadrangle with grassy areas and trees. New façades are being constructed on Roosevelt and James halls where they connected with Plaza Building. The 2009–10 CUNYAC championship mens team now plays its home games in the West Quad Center. This follows a major renovation that saw the library moved to a temporary home while construction took place. The Brooklyn College library is now located in its location in a completely renovated and expanded LaGuardia Hall. Noted as one of the most beautiful in the United States, in 2006, the Core Curriculum was revamped, and the 13 required courses were replaced with 15 courses in 3 disciplines, from which students were required to take 11
Brooklyn College
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East Quad: Boylan Hall, LaGuardia Hall Library and Ingersoll Hall
Brooklyn College
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Brooklyn College
Brooklyn College
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BC in Winter
Brooklyn College
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Michael Cunningham
8.
Warren Wilson College
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Warren Wilson College is a private four-year liberal arts college near Asheville, North Carolina, in the Swannanoa Valley. The college offers classes in a range of disciplines with Environmental Studies, WWC is known for its curriculum that combines academics, work, and service. The college is notable for its surrounding environment, the campus includes a 275-acre working farm, market garden, and 625 acres of managed forest with 25 miles of hiking trails. Warren Wilson College went through many phases before becoming what it is today, on November 30,1894, the Asheville Farm School officially opened on 420 acres, with 25 students attending. A professional staff of three offering the first three grades of elementary instruction, in 1923, the school graduated its first high school class, and the first post-high school programs offering vocational training began in 1936. Wilsons name is also on a Presbyterian church started at the school in 1925 so students, after World War II, the public education system in North Carolina improved dramatically and the need for the high school diminished, with the last high school class there graduating in 1957. Warren Wilson College was a college until 1967, when it became a four-year college offering six majors. In 1972, the National Board of Missions deeded the WWC property over to the colleges Board of Trustees, Steven L. Solnick, formerly the Ford Foundation representative in Moscow, then in New Delhi, became the Colleges seventh president in 2012. Warren Wilson Colleges seventh president, Steven Solnick, announced his resignation in October 2016, the official reason is that Solnick accepted a position to be the newest leader of The Calhoun School, a day school in New York City. In 1952, the college one of the first in the South to desegregate, when it invited Alma Shippy. Sunderland dorm residents voted 54-1 to allow Shippy to become a student, in contrast to its original student population of underprivileged mountain youth, Warren Wilson now enrolls students of many different geographic and socioeconomic backgrounds. In addition to liberal arts majors such as Biology and English. The Natural Science Seminar is the name for the undergraduate research, a masters program has also been a part of the campus since 1981 in the Warren Wilson College MFA Program for Writers, which awards a Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing. WWC has more than 100 work crews that are supported by students who commit to working 240 hours a semester, helping to cover part of the cost of attendance. Some of them are, 3-D Studio Crew maintains the 3-D Art Studio areas, including stocking ceramic chemicals, mixing glazes and slips, aquatics Crew operates and maintains the college swimming pool. All crew members are responsible for life-guarding, pool member relations, cleaning, archaeology Crew members act as curators of the archaeological artifact collections and maintain the archaeological site on Warren Wilson campus. Crew members also develop educational programs related to the Warren Wilson College Archaeological Field School, usually, students on this crew demonstrate a strong interest in archaeology, cultural studies, or museum work. Auto Shop crew maintains campus vehicles through routine maintenance checks and major repairs, students learn to evaluate the mechanical condition of cars, learn computer analyses of engines, welding, and small-job metal fabrication
Warren Wilson College
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Warren Wilson College Farm
Warren Wilson College
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A Member of Blacksmith Crew at Warren Wilson College
Warren Wilson College
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A
garden bed at Warren Wilson College gardens in April
Warren Wilson College
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A Warren Wilson aerialist performing on silks.
9.
Yale University
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Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in Saybrook Colony to train Congregationalist ministers, it is the third-oldest institution of education in the United States. The Collegiate School moved to New Haven in 1716, and shortly after was renamed Yale College in recognition of a gift from British East India Company governor Elihu Yale. Originally restricted to theology and sacred languages, the curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences by the time of the American Revolution. In the 19th century the school introduced graduate and professional instruction, awarding the first Ph. D. in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887. Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools, the undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each schools faculty oversees its curriculum, the universitys assets include an endowment valued at $25.4 billion as of June 2016, the second largest of any U. S. educational institution. The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States, Yale College undergraduates follow a liberal arts curriculum with departmental majors and are organized into a social system of residential colleges. Almost all faculty teach courses, more than 2,000 of which are offered annually. Students compete intercollegiately as the Yale Bulldogs in the NCAA Division I – Ivy League, Yale has graduated many notable alumni, including five U. S. Presidents,19 U. S. Supreme Court Justices,20 living billionaires, and many heads of state. In addition, Yale has graduated hundreds of members of Congress,57 Nobel laureates,5 Fields Medalists,247 Rhodes Scholars, and 119 Marshall Scholars have been affiliated with the University. Yale traces its beginnings to An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School, passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9,1701, the Act was an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers, Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, the group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as The Founders. Originally known as the Collegiate School, the institution opened in the home of its first rector, Abraham Pierson, the school moved to Saybrook, and then Wethersfield. In 1716 the college moved to New Haven, Connecticut, the feud caused the Mathers to champion the success of the Collegiate School in the hope that it would maintain the Puritan religious orthodoxy in a way that Harvard had not. Cotton Mather suggested that the school change its name to Yale College, meanwhile, a Harvard graduate working in England convinced some 180 prominent intellectuals that they should donate books to Yale. The 1714 shipment of 500 books represented the best of modern English literature, science, philosophy and it had a profound effect on intellectuals at Yale. Undergraduate Jonathan Edwards discovered John Lockes works and developed his original theology known as the new divinity
Yale University
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Charter creating Collegiate School, which became
Yale College, October 9, 1701
Yale University
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Yale University
Seal
Yale University
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A Front View of Yale-College and the College Chapel, Daniel Bowen, 1786.
Yale University
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First diploma awarded by
Yale College, granted to Nathaniel Chauncey, 1702.
10.
Rhode Island School of Design
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Rhode Island School of Design is a fine arts and design college located in Providence, in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. Founded in 1877, it is located at the base of College Hill, the two institutions share social, academic, and community resources and offer joint courses. Applicants to RISD are required to complete RISDs two-drawing hometest and it includes, on the Fall 2015 term, about 470 faculty and curators, and 400 staff members. About 2,014 undergraduates and 467 graduate students enroll from all over the United States and 57 other countries and it offers 16 undergraduate majors and 17 graduate majors. RISD is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design and it also maintains over 80,000 works of art in the RISD Museum. The Centennial Women were a group formed to raise funds for a separate Womens Pavilion showcasing womens work at the 1876 Centennial Exposition, the Rhode Island Centennial Women submitted their newspaper, Herald of the Century, to this Womens Pavilions library. At the end of the Worlds Fair, the RI Centennial Women had $1,675 left over, the school was incorporated in March 1877 and opened its doors the following fall at the Hoppin Homestead in downtown Providence, RI. Metcalf directed the school until her death in 1895 and her daughter, Eliza Greene Metcalf Radeke, then took over until her death in 1931. The Rhode Island General Assembly ratified An Act to Incorporate the Rhode Island School of Design on March 22,1877, the systematic training of students in the practice of Art, in order that they may understand its principles, give instruction to others, or become artists. The general advancement of public Art Education, by the exhibition of works of Art and of Art school studies, Architecture – B. F. A. /B. Arch, M. Arch Ceramics – B. F. A. Interior Architecture – M. A. Department of Interior Architecture, Degree in Interior Studies, teaching & Learning in Art & Design – M. F. A. RISD is annually ranked as the top art and design school in the United States, U. S. News & World Report ranked RISD first amongst Fine Arts programs, above Yale University and the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. In 2015 and 2016, RISD has been ranked 3rd by the QS World University Rankings amongst Art & Design programs. Within subdivisions of Fine Arts, the school was ranked 1st in graphic design, printmaking and industrial design, 2nd in painting and its undergraduate architecture program ranked 7 in DesignIntelligences ranking of the Top Architecture Schools in the US for 2017. Concentrations at RISD do not confer a degree, they act like minors at other education institutions, History, Philosophy, Social Sciences English Art History Liberal Arts The RISD Museum houses a collection of fine and decorative art objects. The first public galleries opened in 1893, founded in 1878, the RISD Library is one of the oldest independent art college libraries in the country. Its more than 145,000 volumes and 380 periodical subscriptions offer unusual depth and richness in the areas of architecture, art, design, the collection provides strong historical and contemporary perspectives, and materials in landscape architecture, ceramics, textiles, and jewelry support upper-level research. The library is noted for its artist’s book collection, its rare books
Rhode Island School of Design
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Museum of Art
Rhode Island School of Design
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Rhode Island School of Design
Rhode Island School of Design
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RISD Memorial Hall
Rhode Island School of Design
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RISD auditorium
11.
Dave Franco
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Dave Franco is an American television and film actor. He began his career with roles in films such as Superbad and Charlie St. Cloud. He has also had roles in Fright Night, Now You See Me, Now You See Me 2, Warm Bodies, Neighbors, Nerve and he is the youngest of the three brothers Tom Franco and James Franco. Francos father was of Portuguese and Swedish descent, francos mother is Jewish, Dave has stated that he is proud to be Jewish. Francos paternal grandmother, Marjorie Franco, is an author of young adult books. Francos maternal grandmother, Mitzie Verne, owned the Verne Art Gallery, a prominent art gallery in Cleveland, Franco grew up in California with his two older brothers, Tom and James. In 2006, Franco made his debut on The CW drama television series 7th Heaven. Since then he appeared in shows such as Do Not Disturb. Franco has also had roles in films such as Superbad, Charlie St. Cloud,21 Jump Street, Warm Bodies, The Shortcut. In May 2008, he was cast in The CW teen drama television series Privileged, the series centered on a live-in tutor for two spoiled heiresses in Palm Beach. Franco was cast in a major recurring role. The series premiered on September 9,2008 to 3.1 million viewers, ratings continued to slip each week with the series sixth episode reaching 1.837 million viewers. The CW did not renew the series for a season due to low ratings. In August 2009, Variety announced Franco was cast in a role for the ninth season of the ABC sitcom series Scrubs. Franco portrayed the role of medical student Cole Aaronson, whose family paid a sum of money to Sacred Heart Hospital so that he would receive an internship. Franco went on to appear in all thirteen episodes of the season and received praise from critics for his performance, however. MTV Networks NextMovie. com named him one of its Breakout Stars to Watch For in 2011, in August 2011, Franco starred in the 3D horror comedy film Fright Night alongside Colin Farrell and Toni Collette. The film is a remake of the 1985 film of the same name, Franco played the role of popular high school student Mark
Dave Franco
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Dave in 2013
Dave Franco
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Franco in September 2013
12.
Alison Brie
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Alison Brie Schermerhorn, known professionally as Alison Brie, is an American actress and producer. She portrayed Annie Edison in the NBC/Yahoo, sitcom Community and Trudy Campbell in the AMC drama Mad Men, and currently voices Diane Nguyen on the Netflix animated series BoJack Horseman. She has starred in films, such as Scream 4, The Five-Year Engagement, The Lego Movie, Get Hard, Sleeping with Other People. Brie was born in Hollywood, California and her father, Charles Terry Schermerhorn, is a musician and freelance entertainment reporter. Her mother, Joanne Brenner, works at Para los Niños and she has a sister named Lauren. Bries mother is Jewish, while her father has Dutch, Irish, while being raised by her divorced parents, she occasionally attended a Christian-Hindu hybrid church, the Self-Realization Fellowship, with her father. However, her mother would make sure we knew we were Jewish. Brie began acting onstage at the Jewish Community Center in Southern California and she graduated from the California Institute of the Arts with a bachelors degree in theater in 2005. For a time, she studied at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and she later worked as a clown at birthday parties and performed in theater in California. One of Bries first television roles was as Nina, a novice hairdresser and she went on to star in the web series My Alibi and was chosen for the role of Trudy Campbell in Mad Men. From 2009 to 2015, she portrayed Annie Edison on the NBC sitcom Community, in April 2010, Brie co-hosted an episode of Attack of the Show. and appeared in a short segment on Web Soup. She appeared in the 2010 film Montana Amazon, Brie made Maxim magazines 2010 Hot 100 list at number 99 and appeared at number 49 in their 2011 list. She was voted the 57th sexiest woman in the world by FHM readers in 2013 and she was also voted the 2nd most desirable woman in the world by Askmen readers in 2014. Brie starred in major film roles, including Sidney Prescotts assistant in the 2011 horror film Scream 4. She voiced Princess Unikitty in The Lego Movie, and voiced a character in an episode of the adult animation series American Dad. which aired during their 8th season. In 2015, she starred with Jason Sudeikis in Leslye Headlands romantic comedy film Sleeping with Other People, in 2016, Brie starred as Lucy in the romantic comedy film How to Be Single. In June 2014, Brie joined the cast of the Netflix series BoJack Horseman, over the first two seasons, she has voiced a variety of characters, including main character Diane Nguyen and recurring character Vincent Adultman. Brie also appeared on Lip Sync Battle and won against Will Arnett, Brie has been dating actor Dave Franco since 2012
Alison Brie
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Brie at the 2013
San Diego Comic-Con International
13.
127 Hours
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127 Hours is a 2010 British-American biographical survival drama film directed, co-written, and produced by Danny Boyle. The film stars James Franco as Aron Ralston, in 127 Hours, canyoneer Aron Ralston becomes trapped by a boulder in an isolated slot canyon in Blue John Canyon, southeastern Utah, in April 2003. It is a British and American venture produced by Everest Entertainment, Film4 Productions, HandMade Films and Cloud Eight Films. The film, based on Ralstons memoir Between a Rock and a Hard Place, was written by Boyle and Simon Beaufoy, produced by Christian Colson and John Smithson, Beaufoy, Colson, and Rahman had all previously worked with Boyle on Slumdog Millionaire. 127 Hours was well received by critics and audiences, and was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Franco, mountaineer and adventurer Aron Ralston begins hiking at Utahs Canyonlands National Park. On foot, he befriends hikers Kristi and Megan, and shows them an underground pool, after swimming, Aron parts ways with the hikers, and continues through a slot canyon in Blue John Canyon. While climbing down, he slips and falls, knocking a boulder which smashes his right hand, stuck, he tries calling for help but realizes that he is alone. He begins recording a video diary to maintain morale, chipping away parts of the boulder in order to free himself and he rations his food and water, in order to survive the ordeal. He sets up a pulley using his rope in a futile attempt to lift the boulder. Days after being trapped, Ralston considers using his knife to cut himself free. With no water, he is forced to drink his urine and his videos become desperate and depressed and he hallucinates about escape, relationships, and past experiences including a former lover, family, and Kristi and Megan. During one of the hallucinations, he realizes that his mistake was that he didnt tell anyone where he was going and he thinks that it was destiny that the boulder trapped him. Using his knowledge of applying torque, Ralston fashions a crude tourniquet out of CamelBak tube insulation and he then slowly amputates his arm successfully. He wraps the stump of his arm to prevent exsanguination and takes a picture of the boulder and he then rappels down a 65-foot rockface using his other arm and drinks rainwater from a small pond. He meets a family on a day hike, who alert the authorities to Ralstons presence, and a Utah Highway Patrol helicopter, already dispatched, arrives to bring him to a hospital. The epilogue sequence reveals that he got married and started a family, he continues to be a climber and a canyoneer, and he now leaves a note saying where he has gone. The scenes early in the film of Ralstons encounter with the two hikers were altered to portray Ralston showing them a pool, when in reality he just showed them some basic climbing moves. Despite these changes, with which he was uncomfortable, Ralston says the rest of the film is so factually accurate it is as close to a documentary as you can get
127 Hours
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North American release poster
14.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, since its inception, the award has been given to 79 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars, spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
Academy Award for Best Actor
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Emil Jannings (center) was the first winner in this category for his roles in 1928's
The Last Command and 1927's
The Way of All Flesh.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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Warner Baxter won in 1928 for his performance in
In Old Arizona.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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George Arliss won in 1929 for his performance in
Disraeli.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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Lionel Barrymore won in 1930 for his performance in
A Free Soul.
15.
Milk (film)
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Directed by Gus Van Sant and written by Dustin Lance Black, the film stars Sean Penn as Milk and Josh Brolin as Dan White, a city supervisor who assassinated Milk and Mayor George Moscone. The film was released to acclaim and earned numerous accolades from film critics. Ultimately, it received eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, various scripts were considered in the early 1990s, but projects fell through for different reasons, until 2007. Much of Milk was filmed on Castro Street and other locations in San Francisco, including Milks former storefront, Milk begins on Harvey Milks 40th birthday, when he was living in New York City and had not yet settled in San Francisco. The films release was tied to the 2008 California voter referendum on gay marriage, Proposition 8, Milk is seen recording his will throughout the film, nine days before the assassinations. The film then back to New York City in 1970. Dissatisfied with his life and in need of a change, Milk and they open Castro Camera in the heart of Eureka Valley, a working-class neighborhood in the process of evolving into a predominantly gay neighborhood known as The Castro. Early on, Smith serves as Milks campaign manager, but he grows frustrated with Milks devotion to politics, Milk later meets Jack Lira, a sweet-natured but unbalanced young man. As with Smith, Lira cannot tolerate Milks devotion to political activism, Milk clashes with the local gay establishment which he feels to be too cautious and risk-averse. His victory makes him the first openly gay man to be voted into major office in California. Milk subsequently meets fellow Supervisor Dan White, a Vietnam veteran, White, who is politically and socially conservative, has a difficult relationship with Milk, and develops a growing resentment for Milk when he opposes projects that White proposes. Milk and White forge a working relationship. When Milk fails to support White because of the effect it will have on troubled youth, White feels betrayed. Milk also launches an effort to defeat Proposition 6, an initiative on the California state ballot in November 1978, sponsored by John Briggs, a conservative state legislator from Orange County, Proposition 6 seeks to ban gays and lesbians from working in Californias public schools. On November 7,1978, after working tirelessly against Proposition 6, Milk, a desperate White favors a supervisor pay raise, but does not get much support, and shortly after supporting the proposition, resigns from the Board. He later changes his mind and asks to be reinstated, Mayor Moscone denies his request, after being lobbied by Milk. On the morning of November 27,1978, White enters City Hall through a basement window to conceal a gun from metal detectors and he requests another meeting with Moscone, who rebuffs his request for appointment to his former seat. Enraged, White shoots Moscone in his office and then goes to meet Milk, the film suggests that Milk believed that White might be a closeted gay man
Milk (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Milk (film)
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Sean Penn filming Milk in 2008.
16.
Pineapple Express (film)
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Pineapple Express is a 2008 American stoner action comedy film directed by David Gordon Green, written by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg and starring Rogen and James Franco. The plot concerns a process server and his marijuana dealer friend forced to flee from hitmen, producer Judd Apatow, who previously worked with Rogen and Goldberg on Knocked Up and Superbad, assisted in developing the story, which was partially inspired by the bromantic comedy subgenre. Columbia Pictures released the film on August 6,2008, Franco was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for his performance in the film. In 1937, a facility is on watch behind a two-way mirror as a soldier, smoking marijuana, begins to reveal very graphically what he hates about the army. A high-ranking officer immediately closes the project and deems marijuana illegal, seventy years later, Dale Denton, a 25-year-old process server and habitual marijuana smoker, makes a visit to the home of his drug dealer, Saul Silver, to buy marijuana. Saul tells him that he may know the identity of Dales next customer. Dale drives to Teds house and witnesses Ted and an officer, Officer Carol Brazier. Dale panics and flees the area, but leaves his roach at the scene, Ted is able to identify the strain and sends his two henchmen, Budlofsky and Matheson to a dealer, Red, who tells them that he has only sold the pot to Saul. Dale flees to Sauls apartment and learns that Ted is a drug lord. Dale and Saul flee into the woods while Teds henchmen persuade Red to arrange a meeting with Saul. They accidentally fall asleep in Dales car and wake up to find that they missed their meeting with Red and they leave the woods and arrive at Reds house, hoping to determine whether Ted has linked them with the Pineapple Express. Red says Ted isnt after them but Dale realizes that hes lying and they wake Red and question him until he reveals that Ted has discovered who they are and is going to kill them. Dale and Saul decide that they must leave the city, in order to leave town, Dale and Saul sell some Pineapple Express to raise bus fare. However, an officer named Barber sees Dale and arrests him for selling marijuana. In the back of the cruiser, Dale tries to convince Barber that Brazier is corrupt and tells her that he witnessed her, Barber recognizes Brazier and promises him that she will investigate her soon since Barber had been long suspicious of Braziers corruption. However, Saul leaps out in front of the police car, Brazier hears a police radio call of Dales arrest and pursues Dale and Saul in a high-speed chase but they manage to escape. After an argument with each other about the situation they are in, Dale, Saul visits his grandmother in an assisted living home, but is kidnapped and held hostage in Teds lair beneath a barn. Dale enlists Red to help him rescue Saul but Red unexpectedly backs out at the last minute, while Dale and Saul are held hostage, they reconcile with each other and make plans to escape
Pineapple Express (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
17.
Rise of the Planet of the Apes
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Written by Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver, it is 20th Century Foxs reboot of the Planet of the Apes series, intended to act as an origin story for a new series of films. Its premise is similar to the film in the original series, Conquest of the Planet of the Apes. Rise of the Planet of the Apes was released on August 5,2011, the film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects. Serkis performance as Caesar was widely acclaimed, earning him many nominations from many associations which do not usually recognize performance capture as traditional acting. A sequel to the film, Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, was released on July 11,2014, will Rodman, a scientist at the San Francisco biotech company Gen-Sys, is testing the viral-based drug ALZ-112 on chimpanzees to find a cure for Alzheimers disease. ALZ-112 is given to a chimp named Bright Eyes, greatly increasing her intelligence, however, during Wills presentation for the drug, Bright Eyes is forced from her cage, goes on a rampage, and is killed. Wills boss Steven Jacobs terminates the project and orders the chimps euthanized, however, Wills assistant Robert Franklin discovers that the reason for Bright Eyes rampage was that she had recently given birth to an infant chimp. Will agrees to take in the chimp, who is named Caesar, will learns that Caesar has inherited his mothers intelligence and decides to raise him. Three years later, Will introduces Caesar to the redwood forest at Muir Woods National Monument, meanwhile, Will treats his dementia-suffering father Charles with ALZ-112, which seems to restore his cognitive ability. Five years later, when Caesar reaches adolescence and sees a dog on a leash like his own, he questions his identity, meanwhile, Charless condition returns as his Alzheimers becomes resistant to ALZ-112. Caesar injures a neighbor, Douglas Hunsiker, while defending a confused Charles, as a result, he is placed in a primate shelter where he is treated cruelly by the other chimps and the chief guard, Dodge Landon. Caesar learns how to unlock his cage, gaining access to the common area. With the assistance of a gorilla named Buck, he confronts the sanctuarys alpha chimp named Rocket, meanwhile, Jacobs clears development of a more powerful, gaseous version of the drug – ALZ-113 – when Will tells him it can not only heal brain diseases but also improve intelligence. Will takes the drug home to try to save his father, after attempting to test the drug on a scarred bonobo test subject named Koba, Franklin becomes exposed to ALZ-113 and becomes ill. Attempting to warn Will at his home, he sneezes blood onto Hunsiker, will attempts to reclaim Caesar, but the chimp refuses to go home with him. Instead, he escapes from the facility and returns to Wills house, upon returning, Caesar releases the gas and allows it to enhance the intelligence of the other apes. When Dodge attempts to get him back into his cage, Caesar shocks him by speaking for the first time, yelling No. the apes flee the facility, release the remaining chimps from Gen-Sys, and free more apes from the San Francisco Zoo. A battle ensues as the ape army fights their way past a blockade on the Golden Gate Bridge to escape into the redwood forest
Rise of the Planet of the Apes
–
Theatrical release poster
18.
Spring Breakers
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Spring Breakers is a 2012 American film written and directed by Harmony Korine. Korine had devised the concept for Spring Breakers over several years prior to production, with fleeting ideas about the plot and what should transpire. His initial desire was to create a film that was more about feeling than action and placed little importance on narrative or plot. Once Korine developed the backbone of the story, which takes place around the American spring break period, production began in 2012, on an estimated budget of $5 million–a relatively small amount in todays film industry, albeit Korines second most expensive film to date. The film is one of Korines first theatrical works to receive a wide release. Spring Breakers was released on March 22,2013 in the United States by A24 and grossed $31 million worldwide and it received generally positive reviews from film critics, with some calling it a potential cult classic. The film was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 69th Venice International Film Festival, college students Brit, Candy and Cotty spend their time partying while their friend Faith attends a religious youth group. As their classmates head to spring break, they are stuck due to a lack of money. Desperate to make the trip, Brit and Candy, after getting high on cocaine, don ski masks and use hammers, Cotty drives and later burns a getaway car stolen from one of their professors. In St. Petersburg, Florida, the girls attend wild beach parties fueled by alcohol, drugs, Cotty, Candy and Brit divulge the details of their crime to a horrified Faith, who keeps quiet about it. After a particularly wild party, all four are arrested and they spend the night in a holding cell, but are bailed out by Alien, a local rapper and gangster. Alien charms Cotty, Candy and Brit with his wealth and bad boy swagger, Alien takes the girls to a local club frequented by gang members, where Faith becomes even more uncomfortable with his lifestyle. Despite Aliens attempts to convince her to stay, Faith decides to leave and they refuse, however, and she makes the trip home alone. Alien takes Brit and Candy to a club owned by his rival, Big Arch. The girls return to Aliens mansion, where he flaunts his money and cache of weapons. Brit and Candy suddenly grab one of his guns and threaten to kill him, turned on, Alien performs fellatio on the gun, Alien arms the girls with pink ski masks and shotguns, and they perform several armed robberies. While in Aliens car they are approached by Big Arch and another member of his gang, Alien promises to retaliate, but a traumatized Cotty chooses to return home. Brit and Candy stay behind and begin a relationship with Alien
Spring Breakers
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Theatrical release poster
Spring Breakers
–
A part of the main cast at the film's premiere in
Paris in February 2013: Rachel Korine, Ashley Benson, Selena Gomez and Vanessa Hudgens
19.
Oz the Great and Powerful
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Oz the Great and Powerful is a 2013 American fantasy adventure film directed by Sam Raimi and produced by Joe Roth, from a screenplay written by David Lindsay-Abaire and Mitchell Kapner. The film stars James Franco as the character, Mila Kunis, Rachel Weisz, and Michelle Williams with Zach Braff, Bill Cobbs, Joey King. Based on L. Frank Baums Oz novels and set 20 years before the events of the novel, Oz the Great and Powerful is a spiritual prequel to the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film. The film tells the story of Oscar Diggs, a magician who arrives in the Land of Oz. Oscar is then enlisted to restore order in Oz, while struggling to resolve conflicts with the witches, Kapner began developing an origin story for the Wizard of Oz after a lifelong interest of wanting to create one for the character. Walt Disney Pictures commissioned the production in 2009, with Joe Roth as producer and Grant Curtis, Joshua Donen, Philip Steuer. Raimi was hired to direct the following year, after Robert Downey Jr. and Johnny Depp declined the titular role, Franco was cast in February 2011, with principal photography commencing five months later. Danny Elfman composed the films score and it grossed over $493 million worldwide against a $200 million budget and is the thirteenth highest-grossing film of 2013. The film won the Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Live Action Family Film, Kunis, for her portrayal as the Wicked Witch of the West, won the MTV Movie Award for Best Villain. In 1905 Kansas, Oscar Oz Diggs works as a magician in a traveling circus, after his friend Annie tells him that John Gale has asked her to marry him, the circus strongman finds out that Oscar flirted with his wife, and threatens him. Oscar escapes in a hot air balloon, but is sucked into a tornado that takes him to the Land of Oz, there, he encounters a beautiful but naïve witch, Theodora. En route to the Emerald City, Theodora falls in love with Oscar and they encounter the flying monkey in a blue uniform, Finley, who pledges a life debt to Oscar when he saves him from a lion. Oscar reveals his deception to Finley along the way, forcing him to maintain the lie that he is a Wizard. At the Emerald City, Oscar meets Theodoras beautiful older sister, Evanora, Oscar fixes the China Girls broken legs with glue. Then, Oz orders China Girl to go to the Emerald City, when Oz refuses, China Girl throws a massive temper tantrum which forces Oz to accept her idea. Evanora sees this with her ball and tricks the naïve Theodora into thinking Oscar is trying to court all three witches. Glinda brings Oscar and his group to her kingdom in the south of Oz to escape Evanoras army of Winkies and she confides to Oscar that she knows that hes not really a wizard, but still believes he can help stop Evanora. As he reluctantly takes charge of an army of Quadlings, Tinkers and she threatens to kill him and his allies with the Emerald Citys well-prepared army
Oz the Great and Powerful
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Theatrical release poster
20.
This Is the End
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The story features real life actors playing fictionalized versions of themselves in the aftermath of a global biblical apocalypse. The film premiered at the Fox Village Theater on June 3,2013 and was released in the United States on June 14,2013 by Columbia Pictures, the film grossed $126 million on a $32 million budget. Jay Baruchel arrives in Los Angeles to visit with old friend and fellow actor Seth Rogen, Baruchel is uncomfortable at the crowded party, so Rogen accompanies him to a convenience store for cigarettes. There, beams of light come down and suck numerous people into the sky. Rogen and Baruchel flee back to Francos house, where an earthquake strikes, a large hole opens in Francos yard, swallowing Michael Cera, Rihanna, Mindy Kaling, Jason Segel, Christopher Mintz-Plasse and Martin Starr. Rogen, Franco, Jonah Hill and Craig Robinson survive and run back inside the house, Francos assistant Karen gets accidentally crushed by Paul Rudd. Aziz Ansari gets his arm cut off and falls into the sinkhole, kevin Hart tries to get Ansaris arm off, but he also falls into the sinkhole. Baruchel tries to help David Krumholtz escape the sinkhole, but he falls into the sinkhole. Baruchel escapes the sinkhole and also back to the house. They take inventory of their supplies, set up a ration system, the next morning, Danny McBride, also in the house and unaware of the crisis, wastes much of their food and water. The others tell him of the nights events, which he initially does not believe until a man outside is decapitated as they watch. Later, Emma Watson, another survivor of the party, returns, however, due to a misunderstanding, she believes the group is planning to rape her and leaves, taking the groups remaining drinks with her. Robinson is chosen to travel outside to the basement for water, the experience causes Robinson to believe Baruchels theory that the Apocalypse has arrived. The guys reach the basement by digging through the floor, and find the water, before he leaves, McBride reveals that Baruchel was in town two months prior but stayed at a hotel, instead of at Rogens house, because of their strained friendship. Hill makes a remark that annoys Baruchel, causing him to punch Hill, later that night, Hill prays for Baruchel to die, but is possessed by a demon shortly after. The next day, Baruchel and Robinson go to a home for supplies. Meanwhile, Rogen and Franco are attacked by the possessed Hill, the group subdues Hill, but during an exorcism attempt, Baruchel and Rogen get into a fight and knock a candle over. A fire starts, engulfing Hill and the house in flames, Franco suggests taking his car to his home in Malibu, but finds the car guarded by a demon
This Is the End
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Theatrical release poster
This Is the End
–
Seth Rogen, Jay Baruchel, and Jonah Hill at a screening for the film in June 2013
21.
The Disaster Artist (film)
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The Disaster Artist is a 2017 American biographical comedy film directed, produced by, and starring James Franco. Based on Greg Sesteros non-fiction book of the name, the film chronicles the making of the 2003 cult film The Room. Principal photography of the film began on December 8,2015 and it had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 12,2017. The film depicts the friendship of Greg Sestero and Tommy Wiseau, the filmmaker behind the 2003 cult film The Room. Celebrity cameos include Bryan Cranston, Zach Braff, J. J. Abrams, David DeCoteau, Aidiye Aidarbekov, Lizzy Caplan, Kristen Bell, Adam Scott and Danny McBride. In February 2014, Seth Rogens production company Point Grey Pictures announced it had acquired the book, James Franco will direct and play Wiseau, and his brother Dave Franco will star as Sestero. Franco stated The Disaster Artist was a combination of Boogie Nights, cinematography for The Disaster Artist is by Brandon Trost, who previously shot This Is the End and The Interview. The title was changed from The Disaster Artist to The Masterpiece in April 2016 and it has been announced that it will most likely receive an R rating. In June 2014, James Francos younger brother, Dave Franco, upon asking Tommy Wiseau, through a Q&A session, his thoughts about him playing Sestero, Wiseau praised the decision. Schklair expressed concern over the portrayal of him, as Rogen did not pursue contact with him, despite his offers to sit down. Dave Francos fiancée, Alison Brie, is reported to have joined the cast in the role of Sesteros girlfriend at the time, sharon Stone was announced to have been cast as a Hollywood talent agent. Dave Porter composed the films score, principal photography began on December 8,2015, in Los Angeles. Filming ended on January 28,2016, the film had its work in progress premiere at South by Southwest on March 12,2017. An official release date is yet to be announced, on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 92% based on 12 reviews, with an average rating of 8. 1/10. Metacritic, another review aggregator, assigned the film an average score of 82 out of 100, based on 7 critics. At the films screening at South by Southwest it received a standing ovation. Peter Debruge of Variety also gave the film a positive writing, A genuine capacity to delight. The Disaster Artist at the Internet Movie Database The Disaster Artist at Rotten Tomatoes
The Disaster Artist (film)
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The Disaster Artist
22.
Sam Raimi
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His most recent work is the 2013 Disney fantasy film Oz the Great and Powerful. Raimi has also produced several television series and founded his own production company, Renaissance Pictures. Recently, he worked as the producer of The Possession, Raimi was born in Royal Oak, Michigan. He is the fourth of five born to Celia Barbara and Leonard Ronald Raimi. He was raised in Conservative Judaism, his ancestors emigrated from Russia, Raimi graduated from Groves High School and later went on to attend Michigan State University, where he majored in English but left after three semesters to film The Evil Dead. Raimi became fascinated with making films when his father brought a movie camera home one day and he began to make Super 8 movies with childhood friend Bruce Campbell. In college, he teamed up with his brothers roommate Robert Tapert and Campbell to shoot Within the Woods and he began work on his third film Crimewave, intended as a live-action comic book—the film was not successful, due in part to unwanted studio intervention. Raimi then returned to the genre with the seminal Evil Dead II. With his brother Ivan Raimi, Sam Raimi also wrote Easy Wheels, a long-time comic book buff, he then attempted to adapt The Shadow into a movie, but was unable to secure the rights, so he created his own super-hero, Darkman. Army of Darkness, the movie in the Evil Dead trilogy, was a box office flop. Raimi achieved great critical and commercial success with the blockbuster Spider-Man, the movie has grossed over US$800 million worldwide, spawning two sequels, Spider-Man 2 and Spider-Man 3, both directed by Raimi and both grossing roughly $800 million each. After the completion of the third Spider-Man film, he planned on producing two more sequels but could not find a satisfactory script, Raimi frequently collaborates with Joel and Ethan Coen, beginning when Joel was one of the editors of Evil Dead. The Coens co-wrote Crimewave and The Hudsucker Proxy with Raimi in the mid-1980s, Raimi made cameo appearances in Millers Crossing, The Hudsucker Proxy, and with Joel Coen in Spies Like Us. The Coen brothers gave Raimi advice on shooting in snow for A Simple Plan, the film was written by his childhood friend writer-director Mike Binder and shot at the camp that they both attended when they were younger. Raimi also produced the entire The Grudge franchise, according to Entertainment Weekly, Raimi had expressed an interest in directing a film version of The Hobbit, the prequel to the Lord of the Rings trilogy. In 2008, Guillermo del Toro was selected as the director, Raimi may direct By Any Means Necessary, the next film based on the Jack Ryan CIA character created by Tom Clancy for Paramount Pictures. Disney also approached him to direct W. I. T. C. H, the Movie, based on the popular comic. Blizzard Entertainment announced on July 22,2009 that Sam Raimi will be directing a Warcraft film, however at Comic-Con International 2012, it was revealed that he would not be the one directing the World of Warcraft adaptation
Sam Raimi
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Sam Raimi at the 2014
San Diego Comic-Con International.
Sam Raimi
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Raimi in Los Angeles, March 2013
23.
Spider-Man in film
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The first live-action film based on Spider-Man was the short Spider-Man by Donald F. Glut in 1969. This was followed by Spider-Man, an American made-for-television film that premiered on the CBS network in 1977 and it starred Nicholas Hammond and was intended as a backdoor pilot for what became a weekly episodic TV series. The first two films were met with reviews from critics, while the third film met mixed reviews. In 2010, Sony announced that the franchise would be rebooted, Marc Webb was hired to direct, with Andrew Garfield starring, and The Amazing Spider-Man was released to positive reviews. The Amazing Spider-Man 2 saw mixed reviews and this younger version of Peter Parker is played by Tom Holland, and appears in Captain America, Civil War before starring in Spider-Man, Homecoming in 2017 and Avengers, Infinity War in 2018. A sequel to Homecoming is slated for 2019, Raimis trilogy grossed nearly US$2.5 billion worldwide on a $597 million total budget, while Webbs films grossed over $1.4 billion on a $480 million total budget. The Spider-Man films are the eighth highest-grossing film franchise, having grossed over $3.9 billion collectively, in 1977, the pilot episode of The Amazing Spider-Man television series was released by Columbia Pictures as Spider-Man outside of the United States. In 1978, episodes from the series were re-edited and released outside of the United States as a feature film titled Spider-Man Strikes Back. In 1981, a film using the same method was released as Spider-Man. On July 22,1978, Tōei released a theatrical spin-off of their Spider-Man TV series at the Tōei Cartoon Festival, the film was directed by Kōichi Takemoto, who also directed eight episodes of the TV series. The week after the release, a character introduced in the film, Jūzō Mamiya. Like the rest of the series, the film was available for streaming on Marvels official website in 2009. The low box office performance of 1983s Superman III made feature-film adaptations of comic book properties a very low priority in Hollywood until the 1990s, in 1985, after a brief option on Spider-Man by Roger Corman expired, Marvel Comics optioned the property to Cannon Films. Cannon chiefs Menahem Golan and his cousin Yoram Globus agreed to pay Marvel Comics $225,000 over the five-year option period, however, the rights would revert to Marvel if a film was not made by April 1990. Tobe Hooper, then preparing both Invaders From Mars and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2, was mooted as director, Golan and Globus misunderstood the concept of the character and instructed writer Leslie Stevens, creator of The Outer Limits, to write a treatment reflecting their misconception. In Stevens story, a corporate scientist intentionally subjects ID-badge photographer Peter Parker to radioactive bombardment, transforming him into a hairy, suicidal and this human tarantula refuses to join the scientist’s new master-race of mutants, battling a succession of mutations kept in a basement laboratory. Unhappy with this perceived debasement of his comic creation, Marvel’s Stan Lee pushed for a new story and screenplay, written for Cannon by Ted Newsom. The variation on the story had Otto Octavius as a teacher
Spider-Man in film
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(left)
Tobey Maguire as Spider-Man in the trilogy directed by
Sam Raimi; (right)
Andrew Garfield as Spider-Man in the films directed by
Marc Webb.
24.
The Little Prince (2015 film)
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The Little Prince is a 2015 English-language French 3D animated fantasy adventure family drama film directed by Mark Osborne and based on the 1943 novel of the same name by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. It is the first adaptation as an animated feature of The Little Prince. It was produced by Dimitri Rassam, Aton Soumache and Alexis Vonarb and written by Irena Brignull and Bob Persichetti with music by Hans Zimmer and Richard Harvey. The film premiered on 22 May 2015 at the 68th Cannes Film Festival in an out-of-competition screening, the US theatrical release was set for a release date of 18 March 2016 in RealD 3D, but was dropped mysteriously. Netflix later acquired the US distribution rights and released it on 5 August 2016, an ambitious Mother undertakes to prepare her daughter academically for enrollment in the prestigious Werth Academy, imposing a life plan that leaves little time for leisure. The Little Girl, however, becomes distracted by an elderly retired Aviator who tells her the story of the Little Prince, the Aviator recounts how the Little Prince had asked him to draw a picture of a sheep. Lacking skill, the Aviator had eventually simply drawn a box instead, and explained that there was a sheep inside the box, the Little Girl and the Aviator continue to read and play together without the Mothers knowledge. The Aviator tells the Girl about the Little Princes home, Asteroid B612, which was covered in baobab sprouts, after spending some time clearing away baobab sprouts, the Little Prince had noticed a different plant, and had nurtured it until it grew into a Rose. The Rose had become his friend, but had been selfish, so after a while. And after meeting some adults on some other asteroids, he landed on Earth. After a while, the Fox bid goodbye to the Little Prince, when the Aviator finishes telling the Little Girl this story, he gives her a stuffed Fox as a gift, and tells her that he has decided to leave soon and go find the Little Prince. The two of them decide to go out for free birthday pancakes first but it turns out that the Aviator is driving without a license. He is pulled over by an officer, who brings the Girl home. Distressed, the Mother redoubles her daughters assignments to make up for lost time, the Aviator tells her that in the end the Little Prince had submitted to a venomous snake bite in order to be reunited with his old friendly and beloved Rose. Towards the summers end, the Aviator is hospitalized, the Girl, wanting to put things right, sets off in search of the Little Prince. While using the gutter to escape from her room without her Mother knowing, after she awakens, the Girl sets off on her journey accompanied by her little plush Fox who has now obtained consciousness and with all of the Little Princes story pages. They fly the Aviators plane into space, hoping to find the Little Prince somewhere and they discover that the stars have mysteriously disappeared and land on an asteroid populated only by workaholic adults owned by the star-holding Businessman character from the Little Princes story. After encountering a police officer and an operator, they finally find the Little Prince
The Little Prince (2015 film)
–
Theatrical release poster
25.
Freaks and Geeks
–
Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series, created by Paul Feig, with Judd Apatow as executive producer, that aired on NBC during the 1999–2000 television season. Eighteen episodes were completed, but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired. A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three episodes in July 2000, the three remaining unaired episodes, for a total of 18, aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel. The series appeared on Time magazines 2007100 Greatest Shows of All Time list, in 2007, Freaks and Geeks ranked #21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever. In 2008, Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years, the same year, AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time. In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time and it launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers. Teenage Lindsay Weir and her younger brother Sam attend William McKinley High School during the 1980–1981 school year, in the town of Chippewa, Michigan, a fictional suburb of Detroit. Lindsays friends constitute the freaks — Daniel Desario, Ken Miller, Nick Andopolis, Kim Kelly, the Weirs parents, Harold and Jean, are featured in every episode. Millie Kentner, Lindsays nerdy, highly religious former best friend, is a character, as is Cindy Sanders. Lindsay finds herself attempting to transform her life as an academically proficient student, star mathlete and her relationships with her new friends, and the friction they cause with her parents and with her own self-image, form one central strand of the show. The other follows Sam and his group of friends as they navigate a different part of the social universe. The shows producers were resistant to stunt casting, for example, they resisted the networks suggestion that they have Britney Spears appear as a waitress in one episode, they thought such appearances would detract from the shows realism. Several of the screenwriters appeared on the show, mike White played Kim Kellys oft-discussed injured brother, and first appeared in episode 4, Kim Kelly is My Friend. Paul Feig, Gabe Sachs, and series composer Michael Andrews appear uncredited as members of the fictional band Dimension in Im With the Band, the list is ordered by the chronology of the storyline. The script for the episode of Freaks and Geeks was written by Paul Feig as a spec script. Feig gave the script to Judd Apatow, who sold it to DreamWorks and that company, in turn, sold it to NBC, who quickly greenlit the script as a pilot. Before the script was shot, Feig wrote an episode at the behest of Apatow. He showed this second script to Apatow and pilot director Jake Kasdan, notable additions in this new draft included the introduction of the character Kim Kelly and Lindsay Weirs recollection of her grandmothers death
Freaks and Geeks
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Freaks and Geeks
Freaks and Geeks
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Cast of Freaks and Geeks at PaleyFest 2011
26.
James Dean
–
James Byron Dean was an American actor. The other two roles that defined his stardom were loner Cal Trask in East of Eden and surly ranch hand Jett Rink in Giant, Deans premature death in a car crash cemented his legendary status. He became the first actor to receive a posthumous Academy Award nomination for Best Actor, in 1999, the American Film Institute ranked him the 18th best male movie star of Golden Age Hollywood in AFIs 100 Years.100 Stars list. James Dean was born February 8,1931, at the Seven Gables apartment on the corner of 4th Street and McClure Street in Marion, Indiana and his parents were of mostly English ancestry, with smaller amounts of German, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh. Six years after his father had left farming to become a technician, Dean and his family moved to Santa Monica. He was enrolled at Brentwood Public School in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, the family spent several years there, and by all accounts, Dean was very close to his mother. According to Michael DeAngelis, she was the only capable of understanding him. In 1938, she was struck with acute stomach pain. She died of cancer when Dean was nine years old. Unable to care for his son, Deans father sent him to live with Deans aunt Ortense and her husband, Marcus Winslow, on a farm in Fairmount, Indiana, Deans father served in World War II and later remarried. According to Billy J. Harbin, Dean had a relationship with his pastor. Their alleged sexual relationship was suggested in the 1994 book Boulevard of Broken Dreams, The Life, Times, in 2011, it was reported that Dean once confided in Elizabeth Taylor that he was sexually abused by a minister approximately two years after his mothers death. Other reports on Deans life also suggest that he was sexually abused by DeWeerd as a child or had a sexual relationship with him as a late teenager. Deans overall performance in school was exceptional and he was a popular student and he played on the baseball and varsity basketball teams, studied drama, and competed in public speaking through the Indiana High School Forensic Association. After graduating from Fairmount High School in May 1949, Dean moved back to California with his dog, Max and he enrolled in Santa Monica College and majored in pre-law. He transferred to UCLA for one semester and changed his major to drama and he pledged the Sigma Nu fraternity but was never initiated. While at UCLA, Dean was picked from a group of 350 actors to portray Malcolm in Macbeth, at that time, he also began acting in James Whitmores workshop. In January 1951, he dropped out of UCLA to pursue a career as an actor
James Dean
–
Dean in Rebel Without a Cause
James Dean
–
Dean in 1953
James Dean
–
Dean in
East of Eden (1955)
James Dean
–
Dean in 1955
27.
James Dean (film)
–
James Dean is a 2001 biographical television film based on the life of the American actor James Dean. James Franco plays the role under the direction of Mark Rydell. The films supporting roles included director Rydell, Michael Moriarty, Valentina Cervi, Enrico Colantoni, the James Dean biopic began development at Warner Bros. in the early 1990s. At one point, Michael Mann was contracted to direct with Leonardo DiCaprio starring in the lead role, after Manns departure, Des McAnuff, Dennis Hopper and Milčo Mančevski were considered as directors. Rydell was hired as director in 1996, but the continued to languish in development hell. Warner Bros. then decided to produce James Dean as a TV movie for Turner Network Television, Franco was cast as Dean in May 2000 after a search that resulted in 500 auditions. Franco researched his role to closely portray Dean, James Dean was shown on TNT in the United States on August 5,2001, receiving generally positive reviews from critics. At eight years old, James Dean lives with his estranged father Winton and mother Mildred in 1939 Santa Monica, when Mildred dies of cancer in 1940, Winton sends James on a train to Fairmount, Indiana, along with the coffin containing her body. Winton does not show up at the funeral, leaving James to be raised by his aunt, over the years, he becomes more curious about his fathers decision to abandon him. He tries to him by sending him a package displaying his various athletic trophies in high school sports. James moves back to Santa Monica in June 1949, shortly after high school graduation and he decides to become an actor and takes classes under James Whitmore. Whitmore is impressed by his ability, which encourages him to move to New York City in September 1951 to pursue an acting career. Despite being an actor, he enjoys the new lifestyle. He befriends fellow actor Martin Landau and has a relationship with Christine White. Both are accepted into the prestigious Actors Studio and he receives critical acclaim in Broadway theatre productions and for a role in a television movie drama that is broadcast nationwide. He tries to tell Winton about his rise in acting. Film producer-director Elia Kazan hires James for the role in East of Eden. He moves to Hollywood in April 1954 to begin filming for Eden and is introduced to Jack L. Warner, Studios who is determined to transform him into a movie star
James Dean (film)
–
James Dean
James Dean (film)
–
Director Mark Rydell acknowledged an uncanny resemblance between Franco (left) and Dean.
James Dean (film)
28.
Golden Globe Award
–
Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
Golden Globe Award
–
The Golden Globe statuette
29.
Soap opera
–
A soap opera, soap, or soapie, is a serial drama on television or radio that examines the lives of many characters, usually focusing on emotional relationships to the point of melodrama. The term soap opera originated from such dramas being typically sponsored by soap manufacturers in the past, the first serial considered to be a soap opera was Painted Dreams, which debuted on October 20,1930 on Chicago radio station WGN. The first nationally broadcast radio soap opera was Clara, Lu, and Em, a crucial element that defines the soap opera is the open-ended serial nature of the narrative, with stories spanning several episodes. One of the features that makes a television program a soap opera. While Spanish language telenovelas are sometimes called soap operas, telenovelas have conflicts that get resolved, but with soap operas each episode ends with a promise that the storyline is to be continued in another episode. You spend more time even with the characters, the apparent villains grow less apparently villainous. Soap opera storylines run concurrently, intersect and lead into further developments, each episode may feature some of the shows current storylines, but not always all of them. Soap operas rarely bring all the current storylines to a conclusion at the same time, when one storyline ends, there are several other story threads at differing stages of development. Soap opera episodes typically end on some sort of cliffhanger, evening soap operas and those that air at a rate of one episode per week are more likely to feature the entire cast in each episode, and to represent all current storylines in each episode. Evening soap operas and serials that run for only part of the year tend to bring things to a dramatic end-of-season cliffhanger, the article explained that at that time, many prime time series lost money, while daytime serials earned profits several times more than their production costs. Fitting in with these characteristics, most soap operas follow the lives of a group of characters who live or work in a particular place, the storylines follow the day-to-day activities and personal relationships of these characters. These elements may be found across the gamut of soap operas, Due to the prominence of English-language television, most soap-operas are completely English. In many soap operas, in particular daytime serials in the US, Soap operas from the United Kingdom and Australia tend to focus on more everyday characters and situations, and are frequently set in working class environments. Many of the soaps produced in two countries explore social realist storylines such as family discord, marriage breakdown or financial problems. This diverges from US soap operas where such comedy is rare, UK soap operas frequently make a claim to presenting reality or purport to have a realistic style. Romance, secret relationships, extramarital affairs, and genuine hate have been the basis for many soap opera storylines, in US daytime serials, the most popular soap opera characters, and the most popular storylines, often involved a romance of the sort presented in paperback romance novels. Crimes such as kidnapping, rape, and even murder may go unpunished if the perpetrator is to be retained in the ongoing story, Australian and UK soap operas also feature a significant proportion of romance storylines. In Russia, most popular serials explore the romantic quality of criminal and/or oligarch life, in soap opera storylines, previously unknown children, siblings and twins of established characters often emerge to upset and reinvigorate the set of relationships examined by the series
Soap opera
–
Publicity photo of
Rosemary Prinz as
Penny Hughes from
As the World Turns.
Soap opera
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A scene from EastEnders on Christmas Day 1986, watched by 30.15 million viewers. The story, in which
Den Watts served his wife
Angie with
divorce papers, was the highest-rated soap episode in British history, and the highest-rated program in the UK during the 1980s.
Soap opera
–
Leah Thys, actress in the Belgian soap
Thuis. At the back Peter Rouffaer is visible.
30.
General Hospital
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A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized medical and nursing staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the hospital, which typically has an emergency department to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire. A district hospital typically is the health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive care. Specialised hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general hospitals, a teaching hospital combines assistance to people with teaching to medical students and nurses. The medical facility smaller than a hospital is called a clinic. Hospitals have a range of departments and specialist units such as cardiology, some hospitals have outpatient departments and some have chronic treatment units. Common support units include a pharmacy, pathology, and radiology, Hospitals are usually funded by the public sector, by health organisations, by health insurance companies, or by charities, including direct charitable donations. Historically, hospitals were founded and funded by religious orders, or by charitable individuals. During the Middle Ages, hospitals served different functions from modern institutions, Middle Ages hospitals were almshouses for the poor, hostels for pilgrims, or hospital schools. The word hospital comes from the Latin hospes, signifying a stranger or foreigner, another noun derived from this, hospitium came to signify hospitality, that is the relation between guest and shelterer, hospitality, friendliness, and hospitable reception. By metonymy the Latin word then came to mean a guest-chamber, guests lodging, hospes is thus the root for the English words host hospitality, hospice, hostel and hotel. The German word Spital shares similar roots, the grammar of the word differs slightly depending on the dialect. Some patients go to a hospital just for diagnosis, treatment, or therapy and then leave without staying overnight, while others are admitted and stay overnight or for several days or weeks or months. Hospitals usually are distinguished from other types of facilities by their ability to admit and care for inpatients whilst the others. Larger cities may have several hospitals of varying sizes and facilities, some hospitals, especially in the United States and Canada, have their own ambulance service. A district hospital typically is the health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive care. In California, district hospital refers specifically to a class of healthcare facility created shortly after World War II to address a shortage of beds in many local communities. Twenty-eight of Californias rural hospitals and 20 of its critical-access hospitals are District hospitals, Californias District hospitals are formed by local municipalities, have Boards that are individually elected by their local communities, and exist to serve local needs
General Hospital
31.
David Simon
–
David Judah Simon is an American author, journalist, writer, and producer. He worked for the Baltimore Sun City Desk for twelve years and wrote Homicide, A Year on the Killing Streets and co-wrote The Corner, A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood with Ed Burns. The former book was the basis for the NBC series Homicide, Life on the Street, Simon adapted the latter book into the HBO mini-series The Corner. He was the creator, executive producer, head writer, and he adapted the non-fiction book Generation Kill into a television mini-series, and served as the show runner for the project. He was selected as one of the 2010 MacArthur Fellows and named an Utne Reader visionary in 2011, Simon also created the HBO series Treme with Eric Overmyer, which aired for four seasons. Following Treme, Simon wrote the HBO mini-series Show Me a Hero with journalist William F. Zorzi, a colleague at The Baltimore Sun, in August 2015, HBO commissioned two pilots from Simons company Blown Deadline Productions. The first drama, The Deuce, about the New York porn industry in the 1970s and 1980s, would star Maggie Gyllenhaal, the second drama is an untitled program exploring a detailed examination of partisanship and money in Washington politics, to be co-produced with Carl Bernstein. Simon was born in Washington, D. C. the son of Dorothy Simon, a homemaker, and Bernard Simon, Simon was raised in a Jewish family with roots that originated in Eastern Europe and Hungary. He has a brother, Gary Simon, and a sister, Linda Evans, Simon graduated from Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School in Bethesda, Maryland, and wrote for the school newspaper, The Tattler. In 1983, he graduated from the University of Maryland, College Park, while at college he wrote for The Diamondback and became friends with contemporary David Mills. Upon leaving college, Simon worked as a reporter at The Baltimore Sun from 1982 to 1995. He spent most of his career covering the crime beat, a colleague has said that Simon loved journalism and felt it was Gods work. Simon says that he was initially altruistic and was inspired to enter journalism by the Washington Posts coverage of Watergate, later in his career he aimed to tell the best possible story without cheating it. Simon was a captain when the writing staff went on strike in 1987 over benefit cuts. He remained angry after the strike ended and began to feel uncomfortable in the writing room and he searched for a reason to justify a leave of absence and settled on the idea of writing a novel. I got out of journalism because some sons of bitches bought my newspaper and it stopped being fun, in an interview in Reason in 2004, Simon said that since leaving the newspaper business he has become more cynical about the power of journalism. One of the sad things about contemporary journalism is that it actually very little. The world now is almost inured to the power of journalism, the best journalism would manage to outrage people
David Simon
–
Simon in 2010
32.
HBO
–
Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
HBO
–
The RCA Satcom domestic communication satellite launched on December 13, 1975, spurred the
cable television industry to unprecedented heights – with the assistance of HBO.
HBO
–
Filmmaker
Alexandra Pelosi and former
New Jersey Governor Jim McGreevey at the New York City premiere of Pelosi's HBO documentary about McGreevey,
Fall to Grace, in March 2013.
HBO
–
Example of Festival's monthly guide provided to subscribers (January 1988).
33.
University of Southern California
–
The University of Southern California is a private research university founded in 1880 with its main campus in Los Angeles, California. As Californias oldest private university, USC has historically educated a large number of the regions business leaders. In recent decades, the university has also leveraged its location in Los Angeles to establish relationships with research and cultural institutions throughout Asia, an engine for economic activity, USC contributes $8 billion annually to the economy of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and California. For the 2014–15 academic year, there were 18,740 students enrolled in undergraduate programs. USC also has 23,729 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs, including business, law, engineering, social work, and medicine. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the world, consistently ranking among the top 3 in external contributions, multiple academic rankings list the University of Southern California as being among the top 25 universities in the United States. With an acceptance rate of 16 percent, USC is also among the most selective academic institutions in the nation. USC maintains a tradition of innovation and entrepreneurship, with alumni having founded companies such as Lucasfilm, Myspace, Salesforce. com, Intuit, Qualcomm, Box, Tinder. As of 2014, the university has produced the fourth largest number of billionaire alumni out of all institutions in the world. USC is home to the world’s most powerful computer, which is presently housed in a super-cooled. The only other commercially available quantum computing system is operated jointly by NASA, USC was also one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System. Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing, dynamic programming, image compression, VoIP, USC sponsors a variety of intercollegiate sports and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association as a member of the Pac-12 Conference. Members of the teams, the Trojans, have won 102 NCAA team championships, ranking them third in the nation. Trojan athletes have won 288 medals at the Olympic games, more than any university in the United States. If USC were a country, its athletes would have received the 12th-most Olympic gold medals in history. In 1969, it joined the Association of American Universities, the University of Southern California was founded following the efforts of Judge Robert M. Hellman. The three donated 308 lots of land to establish the campus and provided the seed money for the construction of the first buildings. Originally operated in affiliation with the Methodist Church, the school mandated from the start that no student would be denied admission because of race, the university is no longer affiliated with any church, having severed formal ties in 1952
University of Southern California
–
The Widney Alumni House, the campus's first building
University of Southern California
–
University of Southern California
University of Southern California
–
"
Tommy Trojan " is a major symbol of the university, though he is not the mascot.
University of Southern California
–
Doheny Library
34.
Palo Alto High School
–
Palo Alto Senior High School, known locally as Paly, is a public comprehensive high school located in Palo Alto, California It was founded in 1898 and is one of the oldest high schools in the region. The schools property is adjacent to Stanford University, Paly has a rivalry with crosstown Gunn High School. 2015–161,994 students,982 Male,1004 Female The Campanile and it prints 24 broadsheet pages once every three weeks. The Campanile has been in the National Scholastic Press Association Hall of Fame since 2004, Verde is Palys school magazine publication, published five times each year and available online. Verde has won Pacemaker and Gold Crown awards for scholastic journalism, in 2006 Verde won the Best in Show at National Journalism Convention held in San Francisco. In 2008 Verde was one of four newsmagazines awarded the Pacemaker award from the National Scholastic Press Association, the Viking is Palys sports magazine publication, published six times each year and available online. Founded in 2007, The Viking was the first publication at the school level to solely cover athletics in the country. The Viking has won several Gold Crown awards for scholastic journalism, the Paly Voice, launched in the 2002–03 school year, is Palys online news source. It features searchable archives of all other Paly publications as well as online content. In the spring of 2005 the site won both the Peoples Voice and Overall Webby Award in the Student category, proof is Palys arts and entertainment magazine. It was first published second semester of the 2009–10 school year, in October 2014, a brand new Media Arts Center was unveiled at Paly. This multimillion-dollar,23,000 square foot building is filled with state-of-the-art technology catering to the needs of the multitude of student journalism groups on campus. The Madrono is the Palo Alto High School yearbook, in 2010, both the Boys and Girls Lacrosse teams won the inaugural Santa Clara Valley Athletic League Championships. The school is home to several athletic clubs, including an Ultimate Frisbee Club. Gunn High School, Palo Altos other high school Cubberley High School, Palo Altos now-defunct third high school Palo Alto High School official website
Palo Alto High School
–
Palo Alto High School
35.
Silicon Valley
–
Silicon Valley is a nickname for the southern portion of the San Francisco Bay Area, in the northern part of the U. S. state of California. The valley in its name refers to the Santa Clara Valley in Santa Clara County, which includes the city of San Jose and surrounding cities and towns, where the region has been traditionally centered. The region has expanded to include the half of the San Francisco Peninsula in San Mateo County. It was in the Valley that the integrated circuit, the microprocessor. As of 2013, the region employed about a quarter of an information technology workers. The term is now used as a synecdoche for the American high-technology economic sector. The first published use of Silicon Valley is credited to Don Hoefler, hostler used the phrase as the title of a series of articles in the weekly trade newspaper Electronic News. The series, titled Silicon Valley in the USA, began in the papers January 11,1971, the term gained widespread use in the early 1980s, at the time of the introduction of the IBM PC and numerous related hardware and software products to the consumer market. The silicon part of the name refers to the concentration of companies involved in the making of semiconductors. These firms slowly replaced the orchards and the fruits which gave the area its initial nickname — the Valley of Hearts Delight, Stanford University leadership was especially important in the valleys early development. Together these elements formed the basis of its growth and success, the ship had been outfitted with a wireless telegraph transmitter by a local newspaper, so that they could prepare a celebration on the return of the American sailors. Local historian Clyde Arbuckle states in Clyde Arbuckles History of San Jose that California first heard the click of a key on September 11,1853. It marked completion of an enterprise begun by a couple of San Francisco Merchants Exchange members named George Sweeney and it was known as the Inner Station, the second, as the Outer Station. Both used their primitive mode of communication until Messrs, Sweeney and Baugh connected the Outer Station directly with the Merchantss Exchange by electric telegraph Wire. According to Arbuckle Sweeney and Baughs line was strictly an intra-city, San Francisco-based service, allen and C. Burnham led the way to build a line from San Francisco to Marysville via San Jose, Stockton, and Sacramento. Delays to construction occurred until September 1853, but, …San Jose became the first station on the line when the wire arrived here on October 15, the line was completed when Gambles northbound crew met a similar crew working southward from Marysville on October 24. The Bay Area had long been a site of United States Navy research. In 1909, Charles Herrold started the first radio station in the United States with regularly scheduled programming in San Jose
Silicon Valley
–
Silicon Valley, as seen from over north San Jose, facing southbound towards
Downtown San Jose
Silicon Valley
–
Looking west over northern
San Jose (downtown is at far left) and other parts of Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley
–
Downtown
San Jose as seen with lit palm trees
Silicon Valley
–
Invitation to first Homebrew Computer Club meeting (sent to Steve Dompier).
36.
Stanford University
–
Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California, adjacent to Palo Alto and between San Jose and San Francisco. Its 8, 180-acre campus is one of the largest in the United States, Stanford also has land and facilities elsewhere. The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child, Stanford was a former Governor of California and U. S. Senator, he made his fortune as a railroad tycoon. The school admitted its first students 125 years ago on October 1,1891, Stanford University struggled financially after Leland Stanfords death in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the country. There are three schools that have both undergraduate and graduate students and another four professional schools. Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of two institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference. Stanford faculty and alumni have founded a number of companies that produce more than $2.7 trillion in annual revenue. It is the alma mater of 30 living billionaires,17 astronauts and it is also one of the leading producers of members of the United States Congress. Sixty Nobel laureates and seven Fields Medalists have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, Stanford University was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford, dedicated to Leland Stanford Jr, their only child. The institution opened in 1891 on Stanfords previous Palo Alto farm, despite being impacted by earthquakes in both 1906 and 1989, the campus was rebuilt each time. In 1919, The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace was started by Herbert Hoover to preserve artifacts related to World War I, the Stanford Medical Center, completed in 1959, is a teaching hospital with over 800 beds. The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, which was established in 1962, in 2008, 60% of this land remained undeveloped. Besides the central campus described below, the university also operates at more remote locations, some elsewhere on the main campus. Stanfords main campus includes a place within unincorporated Santa Clara County. The campus also includes land in unincorporated San Mateo County, as well as in the city limits of Menlo Park, Woodside. The academic central campus is adjacent to Palo Alto, bounded by El Camino Real, Stanford Avenue, Junipero Serra Boulevard, the United States Postal Service has assigned it two ZIP codes,94305 for campus mail and 94309 for P. O. box mail
Stanford University
–
Leland Stanford, the university's founder, as painted by
Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier in 1881 and now on display at the
Cantor Center
Stanford University
–
Seal of Stanford University
Stanford University
–
Statue of the Stanford family, by
Larkin G. Mead (1899)
Stanford University
–
The ruins of the unfinished Stanford Library after the
1906 San Francisco earthquake
37.
Madeira
–
Madeira is a Portuguese archipelago situated in the north Atlantic Ocean, southwest of Portugal. Its total population was estimated in 2011 at 267,785, the capital of Madeira is Funchal, located on the main islands south coast. The archipelago is just under 400 kilometres north of Tenerife, Canary Islands, since 1976, the archipelago has been one of the two Autonomous regions of Portugal. It includes the islands of Madeira, Porto Santo, and the Desertas, the region has political and administrative autonomy through the Administrative Political Statue of the Autonomous Region of Madeira provided for in the Portuguese Constitution. Madeira was claimed by Portuguese sailors in the service of Prince Henry the Navigator in 1419, the archipelago is considered to be the first territorial discovery of the exploratory period of the Portuguese Age of Discovery, which extended from 1415 to 1542. Today, it is a popular resort, being visited every year by about one million tourists. The region is noted for its Madeira wine, gastronomy, historical and cultural value, its flora and fauna, landscapes which are classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and embroidery artisans. Its annual New Year celebrations feature the largest fireworks show in the world, Madeira is the second richest region of Portugal by GDP per capita, only surpassed by Lisbon. They are called the Isles of the Blessed, archeological evidence suggests that the islands may have been visited by the Vikings sometime between 900-1030. During the reign of King Edward III of England, lovers Robert Machim and they were driven off their course by a violent storm and their ship went aground along the coast of an island, that may have been Madeira. Later this legend was the basis of the naming of the city of Machico, knowledge of some Atlantic islands, such as Madeira, existed before their formal discovery and settlement, as the islands were shown on maps as early as 1339. The following year, an expedition, under the captaincy of Zarco, Vaz Teixeira. Subsequently, the new settlers observed a black cloud suspended to the southwest. Their investigation revealed it to be the island they called Madeira. The first Portuguese settlers began colonizing the islands around 1420 or 1425, grain production began to fall and the ensuing crisis forced Henry the Navigator to order other commercial crops to be planted so that the islands could be profitable. The planting of sugarcane, and later Sicilian sugar beet, allowed the introduction of the salt into Europe. These specialised plants, and their associated industrial technology, created one of the major revolutions on the islands, the expansion of sugar plantations in Madeira began in 1455, using advisers from Sicily and financed by Genoese capital. The accessibility of Madeira attracted Genoese and Flemish traders, who were keen to bypass Venetian monopolies, by 1480 Antwerp had some seventy ships engaged in the Madeira sugar trade, with the refining and distribution concentrated in Antwerp
Madeira
–
A view of
Funchal, the capital city of the autonomous region.
Madeira
–
The Santa Maria de Colombo, a replica of the types of ship typical during the Portuguese discovery, built by craftsmen from
Câmara de Lobos, Madeira
Madeira
–
Statue of
João Gonçalves Zarco
Madeira
–
Cathedral of Funchal with its
tower of 15th-century
Gothic style in the background
38.
Jewish
–
The Jews, also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Israelites, or Hebrews, of the Ancient Near East. Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, the Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel, associated with the god El, somewhere in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE. The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold with the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as Hebrews. The worldwide Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million prior to World War II, but approximately 6 million Jews were systematically murdered during the Holocaust. Since then the population has risen again, and as of 2015 was estimated at 14.3 million by the Berman Jewish DataBank. According to the report, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel and these numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure, Israel is the only country where Jews form a majority of the population. The modern State of Israel was established as a Jewish state and defines itself as such in its Declaration of Independence and its Law of Return grants the right of citizenship to any Jew who requests it. The English word Jew continues Middle English Gyw, Iewe, according to the Hebrew Bible, the name of both the tribe and kingdom derive from Judah, the fourth son of Jacob. The Hebrew word for Jew, יְהוּדִי ISO 259-3 Yhudi, is pronounced, with the stress on the syllable, in Israeli Hebrew. The Ladino name is ג׳ודיו, Djudio, ג׳ודיוס, Djudios, Yiddish, ייִד Yid, ייִדן, Yidn. The etymological equivalent is in use in languages, e. g. but derivations of the word Hebrew are also in use to describe a Jew, e. g. in Italian. The German word Jude is pronounced, the corresponding adjective jüdisch is the origin of the word Yiddish, in such contexts Jewish is the only acceptable possibility. Some people, however, have become so wary of this construction that they have extended the stigma to any use of Jew as a noun, a factual reconstruction for the origin of the Jews is a difficult and complex endeavor. It requires examining at least 3,000 years of ancient human history using documents in vast quantities, as archaeological discovery relies upon researchers and scholars from diverse disciplines, the goal is to interpret all of the factual data, focusing on the most consistent theory. In this case, it is complicated by long standing politics and religious, Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacobs son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself. The patriarchs descendants were later enslaved until the Exodus led by Moses, traditionally dated to the 13th century BCE, Modern archaeology has largely discarded the historicity of the Patriarchs and of the Exodus story, with it being reframed as constituting the Israelites inspiring national myth narrative. The growth of Yahweh-centric belief, along with a number of practices, gradually gave rise to a distinct Israelite ethnic group
Jewish
–
Baruch Spinoza
Jewish
–
David Ben-Gurion
Jewish
–
George Gershwin
Jewish
–
Map of
Canaan
39.
Russian Jewish
–
Jews in the Russian Empire have historically constituted a large religious diaspora, the vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest population of Jews in the world. The presence of Jewish people in the European part of Russia can be traced to the 7th–14th centuries CE, in the 11th and 12th centuries, the Jewish population in Kiev, in present-day Ukraine, was restricted to a separate quarter. Evidence of the presence of Jewish people in Muscovite Russia is first documented in the chronicles of 1471, during the reign of Catherine II in the 18th century, Jewish people were restricted to the Pale of Settlement within Russia, the territory where they could live or immigrate to. Beginning in the 1880s, waves of pogroms swept across different regions of the empire for several decades. More than two million Jews fled Russia between 1880 and 1920, mostly to the United States, before 1917 there were 300,000 Zionists in Russia, while the main Jewish socialist organization, the Bund, had 33,000 members. Only 958 Jews had joined the Bolshevik Party before 1917, thousands joined after the Revolution, the chaotic years of World War I, the February and October Revolutions, and the Russian Civil War had created social disruption that led to anti-Semitism. Some 150,000 Jews were killed in the pogroms of 1918–1922,125,000 of them in Ukraine,25,000 in Belarus and these were probably the largest-scale European massacres of Jews to date. The pogroms were perpetrated by anti-communist forces, sometimes, Red Army units engaged in pogroms as well. After a short period of confusion, the Soviets started executing guilty individuals, the Russian Civil War pogroms shocked world Jewry and rallied many Jews to the Red Army and the Soviet regime, and also strengthened the desire for the creation of a homeland for the Jewish people. In August 1919 the Soviet government arrested many rabbis, seized Jewish properties, including synagogues, the Jewish section of the Communist Party labeled the use of the Hebrew language reactionary and elitist and the teaching of Hebrew was banned. Zionists were persecuted harshly, with Jewish communists leading the attacks, following the civil war, however, the new Bolshevik governments policies produced a flourishing of secular Jewish culture in Belarus and western Ukraine in the 1920s. At the beginning of the 1930s, the Jews were 1.8 percent of the Soviet population, in 1934 the Soviet state established the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in the Russian Far East, but the region never came to have a majority Jewish population. Today, the JAO is Russias only autonomous oblast and, aside of Israel, the observance of the Sabbath was banned in 1929, foreshadowing the dissolution of the Communist Partys Yiddish-language Yevsektsia in 1930 and worse repression to come. Numerous Jews were victimized in Stalins purges as counterrevolutionaries and reactionary nationalists, the share of Jews in the Soviet ruling elite declined during the 1930s, but was still more than double their proportion in the general Soviet population. According to Israeli historian Benjamin Pinkus, We can say that the Jews in the Soviet Union took over the privileged position, in the 1930s, many Jews held high rank in the Red Army High Command, Generals Iona Yakir, Yan Gamarnik, Yakov Smushkevich and Grigori Shtern. During World War Two, an estimated 500,000 soldiers in the Red Army were Jewish, about 160,000 were decorated, and more than a hundred achieved the rank of Red Army general. Over 150 were designated Heroes of the Soviet Union, the highest award in the country, more than two million Soviet Jews are believed to have died during the Holocaust in warfare and in Nazi-occupied territories. For many years during this period, Russia had a rate of immigration to Israel than any other country
Russian Jewish
–
Marc Chagall
Russian Jewish
–
Grigori Perelman
Russian Jewish
–
Shneur Zalman of Liadi, founder of
Chabad Lubavitch
Russian Jewish
–
Victim of fanaticism. Painting by
Nikolay Pimonenko. 1899. The painting does not depict a pogrom, but actually documents an event in Ukraine, that the artist read about: a Jewish woman was attacked by members of her community for falling in love with a Christian convert. The townspeople are raising sticks and objects, and her parents are shown to the right, denouncing her.
40.
Cleveland
–
Cleveland is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the states second most populous county. The city proper has a population of 388,072, making Cleveland the 51st largest city in the United States, Greater Cleveland ranked as the 32nd largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city is the center of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, the city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles west of the Pennsylvania border. Clevelands economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Residents of Cleveland are called Clevelanders, Cleveland has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City. Cleaveland oversaw the plan for what would become the downtown area, centered on Public Square, before returning home. The first settler in Cleaveland was Lorenzo Carter, who built a cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga River, the Village of Cleaveland was incorporated on December 23,1814. In spite of the swampy lowlands and harsh winters, its waterfront location proved to be an advantage. The area began rapid growth after the 1832 completion of the Ohio, growth continued with added railroad links. Cleveland incorporated as a city in 1836, in 1836, the city, then located only on the eastern banks of the Cuyahoga River, nearly erupted into open warfare with neighboring Ohio City over a bridge connecting the two. Ohio City remained an independent municipality until its annexation by Cleveland in 1854, the citys prime geographic location as a transportation hub on the Great Lakes has played an important role in its development as a commercial center. Cleveland serves as a point for iron ore shipped from Minnesota. In 1870, John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil in Cleveland, other manufacturers located in Cleveland produced steam-powered cars, which included White and Gaeth, as well as the electric car company Baker. Because of the significant growth, Cleveland was known as the Sixth City during this period, by 1920, due in large part to the citys economic prosperity, Cleveland became the nations fifth largest city. The city counted Progressive Era politicians such as the populist Mayor Tom L. Johnson among its leaders, many prominent Clevelanders from this era are buried in the historic Lake View Cemetery, including President James A. Garfield, and John D. Rockefeller. In commemoration of the centennial of Clevelands incorporation as a city, conceived as a way to energize a city after the Great Depression, it drew four million visitors in its first season, and seven million by the end of its second and final season in September 1937. The exposition was housed on grounds that are now used by the Great Lakes Science Center, following World War II, the city experienced a prosperous economy. In sports, the Indians won the 1948 World Series, the hockey Barons became champions of the American Hockey League, as a result, along with track and boxing champions produced, Cleveland was dubbed City of Champions in sports at this time
Cleveland
Cleveland
Cleveland
Cleveland
41.
Lockheed Martin
–
Lockheed Martin is an American global aerospace, defense, security and advanced technologies company with worldwide interests. It was formed by the merger of Lockheed Corporation with Martin Marietta in March 1995 and it is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland, in the Washington, DC, area. Lockheed Martin employs 126,000 people worldwide, Marillyn Hewson is the current President and Chief Executive Officer. Lockheed Martin is one of the largest companies in the aerospace, defense, security and it is the worlds largest defense contractor based on revenue for fiscal year 2014. In 2013, 78% of Lockheed Martins revenues came from sales, it topped the list of US federal government contractors. In 2009 US government contracts accounted for $38.4 billion, foreign government contracts $5.8 billion, Lockheed Martin operates in five business segments, Aeronautics, Information Systems & Global Solutions, Missiles and Fire Control, Rotary and Mission Systems, and Space Systems. The company also invests in healthcare systems, renewable energy systems, intelligent energy distribution, merger talks between Lockheed Corporation and Martin Marietta began in March 1994, with the companies announcing their $10 billion planned merger on August 30,1994. The deal was finalized on March 15,1995, when the two companies approved the merger. The segments of the two companies not retained by the new company formed the basis for the present L-3 Communications, Lockheed Martin also later spun off the materials company Martin Marietta Materials. Both companies contributed important products to the new portfolio, Lockheed products included the Trident missile, P-3 Orion, F-16 Fighting Falcon, F-22 Raptor, C-130 Hercules, A-4AR Fightinghawk and the DSCS-3 satellite. Martin Marietta products included Titan rockets, Sandia National Laboratories, Space Shuttle External Tank, Viking 1 and Viking 2 landers, the Transfer Orbit Stage and various satellite models. On April 22,1996, Lockheed Martin completed the acquisition of Loral Corporations defense electronics and system integration businesses for $9.1 billion, the remainder of Loral became Loral Space & Communications. Lockheed Martin abandoned plans for a $8, the development of the spacecraft cost $193.1 million. In May 2001, Lockheed Martin sold Lockheed Martin Control Systems to BAE Systems, on November 27,2000, Lockheed completed the sale of its Aerospace Electronic Systems business to BAE Systems for $1.67 billion, a deal announced in July 2000. This group encompassed Sanders Associates, Fairchild Systems, and Lockheed Martin Space Electronics & Communications. In 2001, Lockheed Martin won the contract to build the F-35 Lightning II, in 2001, Lockheed Martin settled a nine–year investigation conducted by NASAs Office of Inspector General with the assistance of the Defense Contract Audit Agency. The company paid the United States government $7.1 million based on allegations that its predecessor, Lockheed Engineering Science Corporation, submitted false lease costs claims to NASA. On August 31,2006, Lockheed Martin won a $3.9 billion contract from NASA to design and build the CEV capsule, in 2009, NASA reduced the capsule crew requirements from the initial six seats to four for transport to the International Space Station
Lockheed Martin
–
Lockheed Martin's Center For Leadership Excellence (CLE) Building in Bethesda, Maryland
Lockheed Martin
–
C-130 Hercules; in production since the 1950s, now as the C-130J
Lockheed Martin
–
Naval variant of the
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
Lockheed Martin
–
Submarine launch of a Lockheed Trident missile
42.
CSSSA
–
The goal of CSSSA is to provide a supportive environment in which students acquire experience and training that extends beyond the practice and improvement of aesthetics and technique. Artistic disciplines offered by the program include, animation, creative writing, dance, film and video, music, theatre arts and its purpose is to provide a training ground for future artists who wish to pursue careers in the arts and entertainment industries in California. Admitted students are designated California Arts Scholars, honored throughout the state’s fifty-eight counties, upon completion of the program, the students are awarded a Governors Medallion, the highest distinction in California for artistically talented students. Founded in 1987, CSSSA is a California State agency funded through a unique public/private partnership, admission to the program is granted primarily to California state high school students, and up to twenty students from outside of California. The main criteria for admission is a potential for further professional development in the arts or creative fields after the end of the program. Its determined through an audition, portfolio review, screening, approximately one out of three applicants are accepted, parallel to the acceptance rate of CalArts. During the early 1980s, California was facing increasing competition from other states in the arts and entertainment industry, film, television, and recording studio complexes, traditionally built in California, were being built in Florida, Texas, among other places. With diminishing interest in the art sector, many of Californias non-profit fine arts institutions. In 1982, an effort by the state’s legislature began to create an educational environment for California’s young artists. State Senator Alan Sieroty sponsored legislation to begin the planning process, the first session was held in the summer of 1987. The program would prove to be highly successful, by September 1990, Governor Deukmejian signed follow-up legislation to make it a permanent program of the state. By 1992, Governor Pete Wilson signed legislation to enable the program to accept a number of students from outside California. “InnerSpark” is a name for CSSSA, which originated from the program itself. Students use both InnerSpark and CSSSA interchangeably, in 2010, the original name CSSSA was reinstated as the official name for the program. CSSSA students stay in separate male and female dormitories of Chouinard Hall at the California Institute of the Arts, each student shares a room with two to three roommates, and has two to three suitemates in an adjoining room, with whom they share a bathroom. The CalArts campus has spacious lawns with shade trees, open fields and large areas, providing room for informal team sports. Student pictures are taken during the first two days at CSSSA for I. D. cards, which must be worn at all times. Students use the I. D. card for authorization, food service in the cafeteria, recreation equipment, access into the library and supervised study and work areas
CSSSA
–
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the
talk page.
43.
Juvenile hall
–
Juveniles go through a separate court system, the juvenile court, which sentences or commits juveniles to a certain program or facility. Once processed in the court system there are many different pathways for juveniles. If a juvenile is sent by the courts to a detention center there are two types of facilities, secure detention and secure confinement. Secure detention means that juveniles are held for usually short periods of time in facilities in order to await current trial hearings, by holding juveniles in secure detention, it ensures appearance in court while also keeping the community safe and risk-free of the juvenile. This type of facility is called a juvenile hall, which is a holding center for juvenile delinquents. Juvenile detention is not intended to be punitive, rather, juveniles held in secure custody usually receive care consistent with the doctrine of parens patriae, i. e. the state as parent. Generally speaking, secure detention is reserved for juveniles considered to be a threat to safety or the court process, though in many cases. The reason for the variety in placement options of juveniles is that there does not currently exist a uniform definition of residential treatment programs. As a result, this creates a lack of uniformity across states, many services are supposed to be provided to the youth at both detention centers and confinement facilities. Services vary from facility to facility, but in general the programs, at the core, juvenile facilities function as rehabilitative institutions for youth. Education is seen by many as the primary rehabilitative service that must be provided to detained youth, despite state and federal requirements, there are many problems with the educational systems in juvenile detention centers. Some facilities do not have designated classrooms, libraries, or even books, and the teachers are poorly trained. There is a long-standing connection found in research between youth who commit crimes and mental health concerns, there has been found to be a surprisingly high population of juveniles who present serious mental health illness within juvenile facilities. Being that juvenile detention facilities operate on the foundation of rehabilitating the youth and it is the expectation that juvenile detention centers and juvenile institutions provide mental health services to their residents. The incarcerated youth population requires careful and structured intervention, which must be provided by the facilities, many different mental health treatment strategies exist for juveniles. It is the responsibility of management to decide what type of intervention strategy works best for each youth in his or her mental health treatment plan. Mental health services that can be provided to the include, individual counseling, group counseling, crisis counseling, family intervention, medication management. Education is seen by many as the cornerstone of youth rehabilitation, many landmark court cases, such as the 1981 case of Green v. Johnson, have given way to juveniles receiving their educational rights while incarcerated
Juvenile hall
–
Harris County Juvenile Detention Center,
Houston, Texas.
44.
Marine zoologist
–
Marine biology is the scientific study of organisms in the sea. Marine biology differs from marine ecology as marine ecology is focused on how organisms interact with each other, a large proportion of all life on Earth lives in the ocean. The exact size of this proportion is unknown, since many ocean species are still to be discovered. The ocean is a complex three-dimensional world covering approximately 71% of the Earths surface, the organisms studied range from microscopic phytoplankton and zooplankton to huge cetaceans 30 meters in length. Marine life is a vast resource, providing food, medicine, at a fundamental level, marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet. Marine organisms contribute significantly to the cycle, and are involved in the regulation of the Earths climate. Shorelines are in part shaped and protected by marine life, many species are economically important to humans, including both finfish and shellfish. It is also becoming understood that the well-being of marine organisms, the human body of knowledge regarding the relationship between life in the sea and important cycles is rapidly growing, with new discoveries being made nearly every day. These cycles include those of matter and of air, large areas beneath the ocean surface still remain effectively unexplored. The study of marine biology dates back to Aristotle, who made observations of life in the sea around Lesbos. In 1768, Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin published the Historia Fucorum, the first work dedicated to marine algae and it included elaborate illustrations of seaweed and marine algae on folded leaves. The British naturalist Edward Forbes is generally regarded as the founder of the science of marine biology, the pace of oceanographic and marine biology studies quickly accelerated during the course of the 19th century. The observations made in the first studies of marine biology fueled the age of discovery, during this time, a vast amount of knowledge was gained about the life that exists in the oceans of the world. Many voyages contributed significantly to this pool of knowledge, among the most significant were the voyages of the HMS Beagle where Charles Darwin came up with his theories of evolution and on the formation of coral reefs. The creation of laboratories was important because it allowed marine biologists to conduct research. The oldest marine laboratory in the world, Station biologique de Roscoff, was established in France in 1872, in the United States, the Scripps Institution of Oceanography dates back to 1903, while the prominent Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute was founded in 1930. As inhabitants of the largest environment on Earth, microbial marine systems drive changes in every global system, microbes are responsible for virtually all the photosynthesis that occurs in the ocean, as well as the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients and trace elements. Microscopic life undersea is incredibly diverse and still poorly understood, for example, the role of viruses in marine ecosystems is barely being explored even in the beginning of the 21st century
Marine zoologist
–
Only 29 percent of the Earth's surface is land. The rest is ocean, home to marine life. The oceans average nearly four kilometres in depth and are fringed with coastlines that run for 360,000 kilometres.
Marine zoologist
–
HMS Challenger during its
pioneer expedition of 1872–76
Marine zoologist
–
Coral reefs form complex marine ecosystems with tremendous
biodiversity.
Marine zoologist
–
A
crown-of-thorns starfish.
45.
Pizza Hut
–
Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise, known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts. The company has over 15,000 locations worldwide as of 2015, Brands, Inc. one of the worlds largest restaurant companies. Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a location in Wichita. PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in 1977, before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University. The first Pizza Hut restaurant east of the Mississippi was opened in Athens, Ohio in 1966 by Lawrence Berberick, Pizza Hut was one of the first American franchises to open in Iraq. The company announced a rebrand that began on November 19,2014, the rebrand was an effort to increase sales, which dropped in the previous two years. The menu was expanded to various items such as crust flavors. Work uniforms for employees were also refreshed, in 2017, Pizza Hut was listed by UK-based company Richtopia at number 24 in the list of 200 Most Influential Brands in the World. Some full-size Pizza Hut locations have a buffet, with all-you-can-eat pizza, salad, bread sticks. Pizza Hut has other business concepts different from the type, Pizza Hut Bistro locations are Red Roofs which have an expanded menu. An upscale concept was unveiled in 2004, called Pizza Hut Italian Bistro, at 50 U. S. locations, the Bistro is similar to a traditional Pizza Hut, except the menu features new, Italian-themed dishes such as penne pasta, chicken pomodoro, and toasted sandwiches. Instead of black, white, and red, Bistro locations feature a burgundy, Pizza Hut Bistros still serve the chains traditional pizzas and sides. In some cases, Pizza Hut has replaced a Red Roof location with the new concept, Pizza Hut Express and The Hut locations are fast food restaurants. They offer a menu with many products not seen at a traditional Pizza Hut. Vintage Red Roof locations, designed by architect Richard D. Burke, can be found in the United States and Canada, several exist in the UK, Australia, and Mexico. These buildings rarely show up in architectural journals, yet they have some of the most numerous and conspicuous in the United States today. This building style was common in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the name Red Roof is somewhat anachronistic now, since many locations have brown roofs. Dozens of Red Roofs have closed or been relocated or rebuilt, many Red Roof branches have beer if not a full bar, music from a jukebox, and sometimes an arcade
Pizza Hut
–
The original Pizza Hut building, opened on June 15, 1958 at the corner of Kellogg and Bluff by brothers Frank and Dan Carney, both students at Wichita State University. This photo is from 2004, after the building had been moved to the campus.
Pizza Hut
–
Pizza Hut
Pizza Hut
–
Athens, Ohio: distinctive roof and older white sign used before 1999, typical of U.S. Pizza Hut restaurants
Pizza Hut
46.
Elvis Presley
–
Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
Elvis Presley
–
Presley in a publicity photograph for the 1957 film
Jailhouse Rock
Elvis Presley
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Presley's birthplace in
Tupelo, Mississippi
Elvis Presley
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Presley in a
Sun Records promotional photograph, 1954
Elvis Presley
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The "iconic cover" of
Presley's 1956 debut album featuring a photo taken July 31, 1955, in Tampa, Florida
47.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
NBC
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The
Comcast Building in
New York City (or the GE Building, originally the
RCA Building) serves as the headquarters of NBC.
NBC
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National Broadcasting Company
NBC
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Radio City West was located at
Sunset Boulevard and
Vine Street in Los Angeles until it was replaced by a bank in the mid-1960s.
NBC
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Entrance at the GE Building.
48.
Never Been Kissed
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Reilly and James Franco in his film debut. Josie Geller is a copy editor for the Chicago Sun-Times who has never had a real relationship. One day, her editor-in-chief, Rigfort assigns her to report undercover at a school to help parents become more aware of their childrens lives. Her first day at South Glen South High School is miserable, Josie reverts to the old geek persona that ruined her first high school career. She also has an unfortunate run-in with three popular girls, and Guy Perkins, the schools most attractive, popular student. Josie loses hope, but is reassured when a kind-hearted nerd named Aldys befriends her, Aldys, who loathes Guy and his gang, invites Josie to join The Denominators, a group of intelligent students. Josie develops a crush on her English teacher, Sam Coulson, however, on the night of the prom, Billy arrives with another girl and both of them hurl eggs and insults at Josie, humiliating her and breaking her heart. One night while out driving with Aldys, Josie encounters Guy and his gang at a local hangout called The Court where promiscuity and underage drinking take place. Her managing editor Augustus Gus Strauss loses patience with Josie after a rival paper scoops The Court story and he arranges for her to wear a hidden camera, and soon the whole office becomes obsessed with her story. Josie confides in her brother Rob about her fears, Rob, who was their high schools most popular boy in his teens, urges her to let go of her old self and start anew. To help her, Rob enrolls as a student and becomes an instant hit and he then uses his influence to draw Josie into the cool crowd, much to the dismay of Aldys. Sam and Josie grow closer, but Sam struggles with his feelings as he thinks shes a student, Guy and Josie attend the prom as Rosalind and Orlando from Shakespeares As You Like It. Anita, Gus and Josies other co-workers watch through the camera and are overjoyed as she is voted prom queen, as Guy dances with Aldys as an alleged act of friendship, the mean girls attempt to dump dog food over Aldys. Outraged, Josie throws her away and reveals her true identity. She praises Aldys for her kindness and warns the students that ones persona in high school means nothing in the real world, Sam is hurt by her lies and states he wants nothing to do with her. Also angered is Rob, who as a student received a second chance at baseball. Josie, ultimately making amends, secures him a coaching job, Josie vows to give Gus a story and writes an account of her experience. In it, she admits shes never been kissed, describes the students of South Glen South, and avows her love for Sam and she writes she will stand in the middle of the baseball field and wait for Sam to come and kiss her
Never Been Kissed
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Theatrical release poster
49.
Whatever It Takes (2000 film)
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Whatever It Takes is a teen comedy starring Shane West, Marla Sokoloff, Jodi Lyn OKeefe, and James Franco. It was first released in America on 31 March 2000, the film is based on the play Cyrano de Bergerac. Ryan is a bit of a geek with eyes for the school sex bomb, Ashley, which induces cringing in his neighbor and best friend, Maggie, a cute, intellectual girl. But popular jock Chris has his eye on Maggie, and he offers to help Ryan win Ashley if Ryan will help Chris with Maggie. So begins a two-headed variation on Cyrano de Bergerac, Ryan composes soulful e-mails for Chris, and Chris advises Ryan to treat Ashley like dirt, which seems to be the only way to get her attention. At first, neither finds it easy to change their ways, Chris comes on too strong, but as they start to succeed, Ryan begins to see Maggie in a new light and wonders if hes pursuing the right girl. He realizes Ashley is not meant for him, and tries to convince Maggie about Chriss affection for her, the film entered the North American box office at #6, making approximately US$4.1 million in its opening weekend. Whatever It Takes was first released on DVD in North America in August 2000 and it was released in Australia later that year, then released in the UK in 2001. Whatever It Takes at the Internet Movie Database Whatever It Takes at Box Office Mojo New York Times review
Whatever It Takes (2000 film)
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Promotional poster
50.
Cyrano de Bergerac (play)
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Cyrano de Bergerac is a play written in 1897 by Edmond Rostand. Although there was a real Cyrano de Bergerac, the play is a fictionalization of his life follows the broad outlines of it. The entire play is written in verse, in rhyming couplets of twelve syllables per line, very close to the classical alexandrine form, but the verses sometimes lack a caesura. It is also researched, down to the names of the members of the Académie française. The play has been translated and performed many times, and is responsible for introducing the word panache into the English language, Cyrano is in fact famed for his panache, and the play ends with him saying My panache just before his death. The two most famous English translations are those by Brian Hooker and Anthony Burgess, hercule Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac, a cadet in the French Army, is a brash, strong-willed man of many talents. In addition to being a remarkable duelist, he is a gifted, however, he has an extremely large nose, which causes him to doubt himself. The play opens in Paris,1640, in the theatre of the Hôtel Burgundy, members of the audience slowly arrive, representing a cross-section of Parisian society from pickpockets to nobility. Christian de Neuvillette, a new cadet, arrives with Lignière. Lignière recognizes her as Roxane, and tells Christian about her, meanwhile, Ragueneau and Le Bret are expecting Cyrano de Bergerac, who has banished the actor Montfleury from the stage for a month. After Lignière leaves, Christian intercepts a pickpocket and, in return for his freedom, Christian departs to try to warn him. The play Clorise begins with Montfleurys entrance, Cyrano disrupts the play, forces Montfleury off stage, and compensates the manager for the loss of admission fees. Roxanes duenna then arrives, and asks where Roxane may meet Cyrano privately, Lignière is then brought to Cyrano, having learned that one hundred hired thugs are waiting to ambush him on his way home. Cyrano, now emboldened, vows to take on the entire mob single-handed, the next morning, at Ragueneaus bake shop, Ragueneau supervises various apprentice cooks in their preparations. Cyrano arrives, anxious about his meeting with Roxane and he is followed by a musketeer, a paramour of Ragueneaus domineering wife Lise, then the regular gathering of impoverished poets who take advantage of Ragueneaus hospitality. Roxane and Cyrano talk privately as she bandages his hand, she thanks him for defeating Valvert at the theater, and talks about a man with whom she has fallen in love. Cyrano thinks that she is talking about him at first, and is ecstatic, but Roxane describes her beloved as handsome, Roxane fears for Christians safety in the predominantly Gascon company of Cadets, so she asks Cyrano to befriend and protect him. After she leaves, Cyranos captain arrives with the cadets to congratulate him on his victory from the night before and they are followed by a huge crowd, including De Guiche and his entourage, but Cyrano soon drives them away
Cyrano de Bergerac (play)
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Cyrano de Bergerac, the man for whom the play is named and upon whose life it is based.
Cyrano de Bergerac (play)
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The second-to-last scene. First performance of the play. Published in "l'illustration", 8 January 1898
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