James Lind (naturalist)
Videos
James Lind FRS FRSE FRCPE was a Scottish natural philosopher and physician.
James Lind's 2-foot refracting telescope made by Jesse Ramsden with a lens by Peter Dollond and mounting by John Miller. Used by Lind to view the 1769 transit of Venus.
James Lind in Iceland making an observation with an equatorial made by Ramsden
NE corner of the terrace at Windsor Castle, study for a print; with figures including Tiberius Cavallo, Dr James Lind, Dr Lockman, Caroline Herschel, Thomas Sandby looking out towards the meteor on 18 Aug 1783 (background not shown), one pointing. 1783 Watercolour, over graphite
Galvanism
Videos
Galvanism is a term invented by the late 18th-century physicist and chemist Alessandro Volta to refer to the generation of electric current by chemical action. The term also came to refer to the discoveries of its namesake, Luigi Galvani, specifically the generation of electric current within biological organisms and the contraction/convulsion of biological muscle tissue upon contact with electric current. While Volta theorized and later demonstrated the phenomenon of his "Galvanism" to be replicable with otherwise inert materials, Galvani thought his discovery to be a confirmation of the existence of "animal electricity," a vital force which gave life to organic matter.
Galvanism: electrodes touch a frog, and the legs twitch into the upward position
Johann Georg Sulzer
Luigi Galvani
Alessandro Volta demonstrates his battery to Napoleon.