1.
Huddersfield
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Huddersfield is a large market town in West Yorkshire, England. It is the 11th largest town in the United Kingdom, with a population of 162,949 at the 2011 census, halfway between Leeds and Manchester, it lies 190 miles north of London, and 10.3 miles south of Bradford. Huddersfield is near the confluence of the River Colne and the River Holme, within the historic county boundaries of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is the largest urban area in the metropolitan borough of Kirklees and the administrative centre of the borough. The town is known for its role in the Industrial Revolution, and for being the birthplaces of rugby league, Labour Prime Minister Harold Wilson, and the film star James Mason. Huddersfield is home to rugby league team Huddersfield Giants, founded in 1895, who play in the European Super League, and Championship football team Huddersfield Town F. C. founded in 1908. The town is home to the University of Huddersfield and the sixth form colleges Greenhead College, Kirklees College, Huddersfield railway station is a Grade I listed building described by John Betjeman as the most splendid station façade in England, second only to St Pancras, London. The station in St Georges Square was renovated at a cost of £4 million, there has been a settlement in the area for over 4,000 years. The remains of a Roman fort were unearthed in the mid 18th century at Slack near Outlane, Castle Hill, a major landmark, was the site of an Iron Age hill fort. Huddersfield was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Oderesfelt, Huddersfield has been a market town since Anglo-Saxon times. The market cross is on Market Place, the manor of Huddersfield was owned by the de Lacy family until 1322, at which it reverted to royal ownership. In 1599, William Ramsden bought the manor, and the Ramsden family continued to own the manor, Huddersfield was a centre of civil unrest during the Industrial Revolution. Luddites began destroying mills and machinery in response, one of the most notorious attacks was on Cartwright — a Huddersfield mill-owner, the government campaign that crushed the movement was provoked by a murder that took place in Huddersfield. William Horsfall, a mill-owner and a prosecutor of Luddites, was killed in 1812. Although the movement faded out, Parliament began to increase welfare provision for those out of work, Two Prime Ministers have spent part of their childhood in Huddersfield, Harold Wilson and Herbert Asquith. Wilson is commemorated by a statue in front of the railway station, Kirklees Council was the first in the UK to have a Green Party councillor, Nicholas Harvey who was instrumental in protesting against the intended closure of the Settle and Carlisle Railway line. The town has substantial Conservative Party, Liberal Democrats and UKIP presences, centre-right and rightist groups are also active. Huddersfield was incorporated as a borough in the ancient West Riding of Yorkshire in 1868. The borough comprised the parishes of Almondbury, Dalton, Huddersfield, Lindley-cum-Quarmby, when the West Riding County Council was formed in 1889, Huddersfield became a county borough, exempt from county council control
2.
West Riding of Yorkshire
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The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. From 1889 to 1974 the administrative county, County of York, the lieutenancy at that time included the City of York and as such was named West Riding of the County of York and the County of the City of York. The West Riding encompasses 1,771,562 acres from Sheffield in the south to Sedbergh in the north and from Dunsop Bridge in the west to Adlingfleet in the east. Unlike most English counties that were divided into hundreds, Yorkshire, being so large, was divided first into thrithjungar, each riding was then divided into wapentakes, a division comparable to the hundreds of Southern England and the wards of Englands four northern-most historic counties. The wapentakes of the West Riding were Agbrigg and Morley, Barkston Ash, Ewcross, Claro, Osgoldcross, Skyrack, Staincliffe, Staincross, Strafforth, major centres elsewhere in the riding included Harrogate and Ripon. Outside the industrial region were Goole, Ilkley, Knaresborough and Selby, the West Riding also contained a large rural area to the north including part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. Initially there were five in number, Bradford, Leeds, Huddersfield, Halifax, the City of York was included in the county for census and lieutenancy purposes. The number of county boroughs increased over the years, Rotherham gained this status in 1902, Barnsley and Dewsbury in 1913, Wakefield in 1915, the boundaries of existing county boroughs were also widened. Beginning in 1898, the West Riding County Council was based at the County Hall in Wakefield, the Local Government Act 1888 included the entirety of Todmorden with the West Riding administrative county, and also in its lieutenancy area. Other boundary changes in the county included the expansion of the county borough of Sheffield southward in areas historically in Derbyshire such as Dore, fingerposts erected in the West Riding until the mid-1960s had a distinctive style. At the top of the post was a roundel in the form of a circle with a horizontal line across the middle, displaying Yorks W. R. the name of the fingerposts location. Other counties, apart from Dorset, did not display a grid reference, from 1964, many fingerposts were replaced by ones in the modern style, but some of the old style still survive within the West Riding boundaries. By 19711,924,853 people lived in the administrative county, within the West Riding of Yorkshire there were ten wapentakes in total, four of which were split into two divisions, those were— Claro, Skyrack, Strafforth and Tickhill and Staincliffe. The wapentake of Agbrigg and Morley was created two divisions but was later split into two separate wapentakes
3.
Lausanne
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Lausanne is a city in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, and the capital and biggest city of the canton of Vaud. The city is situated on the shores of Lake Geneva and it faces the French town of Évian-les-Bains, with the Jura Mountains to its north-west. Lausanne is located 62 kilometres northeast of Geneva, Lausanne has a population of 146,372, making it the fourth largest city in Switzerland, with the entire agglomeration area having 420,000 inhabitants. The metropolitan area of Lausanne-Geneva was over 1.2 million inhabitants in 2000, Lausanne is a focus of international sport, hosting the International Olympic Committee, the Court of Arbitration for Sport and some 55 international sport associations. It lies in a noted wine-growing region, the city has a 28-station metro system, making it the smallest city in the world to have a rapid transit system. Lausanne will host the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics, by the 2nd century AD it was known as vikanor Lousonnensium and in 280 as lacu Lausonio. By 400 it was civitas Lausanna and in 990 it was mentioned as Losanna, after the fall of the Roman Empire, insecurity forced the transfer of Lausanne to its current centre, a hilly site that is easier to defend. The city which emerged from the camp was ruled by the Dukes of Savoy, then it came under Bern from 1536 to 1798 and a number of its cultural treasures, including the hanging tapestries in the Cathedral, were permanently removed. Lausanne has made a number of requests to recover them, after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, Lausanne became a place of refuge for French Huguenots. In 1729 a seminary was opened by Antoine Court and Benjamin Duplan, by 1750 ninety pastors had been sent back to France to work clandestinely, this number would rise to four hundred. Official persecution ended in 1787, a faculty of Protestant theology was established at Montauban in 1808, during the Napoleonic Wars, the citys status changed. In 1803, it became the capital of a newly formed Swiss canton, in 1964 the city hosted the Swiss National Exhibition, displaying its newly found confidence to host major international events. From the 1950s to 1970s a large number of Italians, Spaniards and Portuguese immigrated, settling mostly in the district of Renens. The city has served as a refuge for European artists, while under the care of a psychiatrist at Lausanne, T. S. Eliot composed most of his 1922 poem The Wasteland. Hemingway also visited from Paris with his wife during the 1920s, in fact, many creative people - such as Edward Gibbon, an historian, and Romantic era poets Shelley and Byron - have sojourned, lived, and worked in Lausanne or nearby. The city has been quiet, but in the late 1960s. Later demonstrations took place to protest against the high cinema prices, the most important geographical feature of the area surrounding Lausanne is Lake Geneva. Lausanne boasts a dramatic panorama over the lake and the Alps, in addition to its generally southward-sloping layout, the centre of the city is the site of an ancient river, the Flon, which has been covered since the 19th century
4.
Vaud
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The Canton of Vaud is the third largest of Swiss cantons by population and fourth by size. The capital and biggest city is Lausanne, officially designated Olympic Capital by the International Olympic Committee, the canton had 725,944 inhabitants as of 2011. Along the lakes, Vaud was inhabited in prehistoric times, later, the Celtic tribe of the Helvetii inhabited the area. The tribe was defeated by Caesars troops in 58 BC and as a consequence the Romans settled the area, the towns of Vevey and Lausanne are two of the many towns established by the Romans. In 27 BC the state of Civitas Helvetiorum was established around the capital of Avenches, there are still many Roman remains around the town today. Between the 2nd and the 4th century the area was invaded by Alemannic tribes. The Merovingian Franks later replaced the Burgundians and their occupancy did not last long either, and in 888 the area of the canton of Vaud was made part of the Carolingian Empire. In 1032 the Zähringens of Germany defeated the Burgundians, the Zähringens themselves were succeeded in 1218 by the counts of Savoy. It was only under the counts of Savoy that the area was given political unity, a part stretching from Attalens to the River Sarine, in the north, was absorbed by the canton of Fribourg. As the power of the Savoys declined at the beginning of the 15th century the land was occupied by troops from Bern, by 1536 the area was completely annexed. The Bernese occupiers were not popular amongst the population, later, inspired by the French Revolution, the Vaudois drove out the Bernese governor in 1798 and declared the Lemanic Republic. Under Napoleon I, it became the canton of Léman, in 1803, Vaud joined the re-installed Swiss confederation. In spite of Bernese attempts to reclaim Vaud, it has remained a sovereign canton ever since, separation was prevented at the cost of very few lives. The current constitution dates from 14 April 2003, replacing the one from 1885, in the Jura mountains in the west, the canton borders the French departments of Ain, Jura, and Doubs. In the east, it borders the cantons of Fribourg and Bern, the total area is 3,212 square kilometres. Along with the canton of Berne, Vaud is one of the two cantons whose territory extends from the Jura to the Alps, through the three geographic regions of Switzerland. The areas in the south east are mountainous, situated on the side of the Bernese Alps. This region is named the Vaud Alps
5.
Peterhouse, Cambridge
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Peterhouse is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. It is the oldest college of the university, having founded in 1284 by Hugo de Balsham, Bishop of Ely. Today, Peterhouse has 226 undergraduates,86 full-time graduate students and 45 fellows, the modern name of Peterhouse does not include the word college. Peterhouse is one of the wealthiest colleges in Cambridge, with assets exceeding £250 million, Peterhouse is widely considered the most traditional of the Cambridge colleges. It is one of the few that still seeks to insist that its members attend communal dinners, Hall takes place in two sittings, with the second known as Formal Hall, which consists of a three-course candlelit meal and which must be attended wearing gowns. At Formal Hall, the rise as the fellows proceed in, a gong is rung. The college has five Nobel laureates associated with it, either as students or fellows, Sir John Kendrew, Sir Aaron Klug, Archer Martin, Max Perutz. After disagreement between the scholars and the Brethren of the Hospital, both requested a separation, the Church of St Peter without Trumpington Gate was to be used by the scholars. Bishop Hugo de Balsham died in 1286, bequeathing 300 marks that were used to buy land to the south of St Peters Church. The earliest surviving set of statutes for the college was given to it by the then Bishop of Ely, Simon Montacute, although based on those of Merton College, these statutes clearly display the lack of resources then available to the college. They were used in 1345 to defeat an attempt by Edward III to appoint a candidate of his own as scholar, in 1354-55, William Moschett set up a trust that resulted in nearly 70 acres of land at Fen Ditton being transferred to the College by 1391-92. The Colleges relative poverty was relieved in 1401 when it acquired the advowson and rectory of Hinton through the efforts of Bishop John Fordham and John Newton. During the reign of Elizabeth I, the college acquired the area formerly known as Volneys Croft, which today is the area of St Peters Terrace, the William Stone Building. In 1553, Andrew Perne was appointed Master and his religious views were pragmatic enough to be favoured by both Mary I, who gave him the Deanery of Ely, and Elizabeth I. A contemporary joke was that the letters on the weather vane of St Peters Church could represent Andrew Perne, Papist or Andrew Perne, Protestant according to which way the wind was blowing. Having previously been close to the reformist Regius Chair of Divinity, Martin Bucer, later as vice-chancellor of the university Perne would have Bucers bones exhumed, John Foxe in his Actes and Monuments singled this out as shameful railing. There is a hole burnt in the middle of the relevant page in Pernes own copy of Foxe, Perne died in 1589, leaving a legacy to the college that funded a number of fellowships and scholarships, as well bequeathing an extensive collection of books. This collection and rare volumes since added to it is now known as the Perne Library, between 1626 and 1634, the Master was Matthew Wren
6.
Pamela Mason
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Pamela Mason, also known as Pamela Kellino, was an English actress, author, and screenwriter, known for being the creative partner and first wife of English actor James Mason. Born Pamela Helen Ostrer in Southend-on-Sea, Essex, Mason was the daughter of Isidore, Isidore Ostrer was a wealthy industrialist and banker who became president of the Gaumont British Picture Corporation in the early 1920s. Pamela Ostrer left school at age 9, and married cinematographer Roy Kellino at age 16 in 1932, in 1935, Pamela Kellino met actor James Mason on the set of his second film, Troubled Waters, on which her husband Roy Kellino was working as a cinematographer. James Mason and Pamela Kellino were quickly attracted to each other, shortly afterwards, Roy Kellino divorced Pamela Kellino naming James Mason as correspondent, and she married James Mason in 1940. Roy Kellino remained on friendly terms with the Masons and directed their later films Lady Possessed, after her divorce and remarriage, Pamela Mason continued to use the name Pamela Kellino for some years in her acting and writing work. The Masons relocated from London to Hollywood in the late 1940s, occupying the previously owned by Buster Keaton. They had two children, daughter Portland, and son Morgan, Portland Mason was named for the Masons friend Portland Hoffa, the wife of the American radio comedian Fred Allen. Pamela Mason filed suit for divorce from James Mason in 1962, as a result of Mitchelsons success on her behalf, Mitchelson became a sought-after celebrity divorce attorney. Following her divorce, Pamela Mason continued to live in the Keaton mansion in Beverly Hills until her death, Mason made her film debut in 1934 in the Gaumont British big-budget film Jew Süss. She remained under contract to Gaumont British for several years, despite acting in films only sporadically while also working as a screenwriter, producer, and author. From the late 1930s through the 1950s, Pamela Mason, wrote, most notably, she co-starred with James Mason in the films The Upturned Glass and Charade, both of which she also co-wrote. The Masons co-produced the films I Met a Murderer and Lady Possessed, Pamela Mason also had small roles in a number of other films starring James Mason. Later films in which she appeared without James Mason included The Child, Sex Kittens Go to College, Five Minutes to Live, in the mid-1950s, the Masons appeared together on a short-lived variety show, The James Mason Show. Pamela Mason was a contestant on the February 18,1960 episode of the TV quiz show You Bet Your Life, in the 1960s, she hosted two talk shows, The Pamela Mason Show from 1965–1966, and The Weaker Sex, which featured female guests, from 1968-1969. From the late 1950s through the 1970s, she made appearances as a guest star on various TV series, including Playhouse 90, Love, American Style. Her last acting appearance was in a biopic of Errol Flynn in 1985. Mason was a regular guest on The Merv Griffin Show in the 1960s and 1970s, in 1947, she made her American stage debut in the title role of the Broadway show Bathsheba, in which James Mason co-starred as David, it closed after only 29 performances. In addition to her work, Mason authored a number of books
7.
Odd Man Out
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Odd Man Out is a 1947 British film noir set in an unnamed Northern Irish city and directed by Carol Reed. It is based on the novel by F. L. Green and stars James Mason, the films opening intertitle reads, This story is told against a background of political unrest in a city of Northern Ireland. It is not concerned with the struggle between the law and an organisation, but only with the conflict in the hearts of the people when they become unexpectedly involved. The city and the organisation are never named, but the protagonist. Johnny has been hiding the past six months since his escape from prison in an occupied by Kathleen Sullivan - who loves him -. Johnny has been ordered to rob a mill to obtain funds, dennis offers to take his place, but Johnny turns him down. Johnny, Nolan and Murphy get the money, as they leave, Johnny is confronted by an armed cashier. Johnny is shot in the arm before he kills the cashier. Pat drives off at speed before Johnny is fully inside the getaway car. While his confederates argue about what to do, Johnny gets up, dennis orders the others to report to headquarters. Along the way, however, the trio arouse the suspicion of the police and they are pursued, but get away. Pat and Nolan stop off at Theresa OBriens place, Murphy does not trust her and she betrays the pair to the authorities. As they leave, they are gunned down after they start shooting, dennis finds Johnny, but the police show up nearby. Dennis is captured after drawing them away, Johnny makes his way toward Kathleens place, but collapses in the street. Passersby Maureen and Maudie take him home, thinking he has been struck by a passing lorry, when they discover who he is, Johnny departs and gets into a parked hansom cab. Gin Jimmy, the cabdriver, comes out and starts looking for a fare, unaware he already has a man for a passenger. When he finds out, he drops Johnny off as quickly as he can, Shell spots him dumping the now nearly unconscious fugitive. A poor man, he goes to Catholic priest Father Tom, by chance, Kathleen arrives shortly afterward, looking for help
8.
The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel
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The Desert Fox is a 1951 black-and-white biographical film from 20th Century Fox about Field Marshal Erwin Rommel in the later stages of the World War II. The film begins with a sequence depicting Operation Flipper, a British commando raid whose aim is to assassinate Rommel. After the credits, the story is introduced by narrator Michael Rennie, who dubs the voice of then Lieutenant-Colonel Desmond Young, who plays himself in the film. The film flashbacks to the period of 1941-42, as the British prepare to counterattack Egypt, directed by General Bernard Montgomery, The Germans are defeated at El Alamein in 1942. The situation is worse when Rommel is ordered by Adolf Hitler to stand fast and not retreat, even in the face of overwhelming Allied superiority in men and supplies. Rommel becomes increasingly disillusioned with Hitler after his pleas to evacuate his men are dismissed, an ailing Rommel is sent back to Germany to recuperate while his beloved Afrika Korps is driven back across North Africa and destroyed. Rommel is approached while in hospital by an old friend, Dr. Karl Strölin. Strölin departs and immediately afterward evades a Gestapo agent assigned to watch him, Rommel is placed in charge of defending the Atlantic Wall against the anticipated Allied invasion, though he knows the wall offers little protection. As a result, they are denied urgently needed reinforcements, allowing the Allies to secure a beachhead. However, when he tries to recruit Rundstedt, the latter excuses himself by stating he is too old for such things, plans are set in motion to remove Hitler. Rommel finally insists on meeting Hitler personally in an effort to him to see reason. Hitler does not heed Rommels gloomy predictions about the war, screaming that wonder weapons in development will turn the tide, shortly afterward, Rommel is seriously injured when his car is strafed by an Allied aeroplane. Thus, he is recovering in a hospital when, on 20 July 1944 and it goes off, but the Führer survives. Thousands of suspects are tracked down and executed, General Wilhelm Burgdorf is sent by Hitler to present Rommel with a stark choice, be charged with treason, for which the penalty will be excruciating death by garroting, or commit painless suicide. It would be announced that he had died of his previous injuries, he would receive a funeral, his fame preserved. Rommel initially chooses to defend himself in the Peoples Court, but when Burgdorf hints that Rommels family would suffer from his decision and he has the option of receiving a painless drug Burgdorf has brought, and he must do so before evening. He takes leave of his wife Lucie, his aide-de-camp and his son Manfred, the myth was created with Rommels participation as a component of Nazi propaganda to praise the Wehrmacht and instill optimism in the German public. Starting in 1941, it was picked up and disseminated in the West by the British press as they sought to explain its continued inability to defeat the Axis forces in North Africa
9.
A Star Is Born (1954 film)
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A Star Is Born is a 1954 American musical film written by Moss Hart, starring Judy Garland and James Mason, and directed by George Cukor. Harts screenplay was an adaptation of the original 1937 film, which was based on the screenplay by Robert Carson, Dorothy Parker, Alan Campbell. Wellman and Carson, with uncredited input from six additional writers—David O. Selznick, Ben Hecht, Ring Lardner, Jr. John Lee Mahin, Budd Schulberg and Adela Rogers St. John. In 2000, the 1954 film was selected for preservation in the US National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. The film ranked #43 on the American Film Institutes 100 Years.100 Passions list in 2002, the song The Man That Got Away was ranked #11 on AFIs list of 100 top songs in films. Garland had not made a movie since she had negotiated release from her MGM contract soon after filming began on Royal Wedding in 1950, and the film was promoted heavily as her comeback. Esther Blodgett is an aspiring singer with a band. When he arrives intoxicated at a function at the Shrine Auditorium, after an angry exchange, Norman rushes away and bursts onto a stage where an orchestra is performing. Blodgett takes him by the hand and pretends he is part of the act, thereby turning a potentially embarrassing, realizing that Esther has saved him from public humiliation, Norman thanks her and draws a heart on the wall with her lipstick. He invites her to dinner, and later watches her perform in a club while recognizing her impressive talent. He urges her to follow her dream and convinces her she can break into movies, Esther is surprised that someone of Normans stature sees something special in her. He offers her a screen test and advises her to sleep on it, Esther tells Danny, her bandmate, that shes quitting their upcoming gig to pursue movies in L. A. Thinking her crazy, he tries to talk her out of it, Norman is called away early in the morning to filming and then falls ill. He attempts to get a message to Esther but cannot remember her address, when she doesnt hear from him, she suspects he was insincere. Not disheartened, she takes jobs as a carhop and TV commercial singer to make ends meet, convinced she can make it, Norman tries to find Esther, whos had to move from her apartment. Then he hears her singing on a commercial and tracks her down. Studio head Oliver Niles believes Esther is just a fancy for the actor. The studio arbitrarily changes her name to Vicki Lester, which she finds out when she tries to pick up her paycheck, when Norman finally gets Niles to hear Vicki sing, he is impressed and she is cast in an important musical film, making her a huge success
10.
20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954 film)
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20,000 Leagues Under the Sea is a 1954 American Technicolor adventure film and the first science fiction film shot in CinemaScope. The film was produced by Walt Disney through Walt Disney Productions, directed by Richard Fleischer. It was also the first feature-length Disney film to be distributed by Buena Vista Distribution, the film is adapted from Jules Vernes 19th-century novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. It is considered a precursor of the steampunk genre. In 1868, rumors of a sea monster attacking ships in the Pacific Ocean have created apprehension and fear among sailors, the U. S. government invites Professor Pierre M. Aronnax and his assistant, Conseil, to join an expedition to prove or disprove the monsters existence. On board the frigate with them is the cocky master harpooner Ned Land After months of searching, after the warship fires its heavy cannons, the monster turns and attacks the frigate, crippling it. Ned and Aronnax are thrown overboard, as is a lifeboat, now helpless, the frigate drifts silently and no one aboard answers when the overboard passengers cry out for help. The three drift in the ocean, eventually coming upon a metal vessel. They realize the monster is actually a man-made submerging boat that appears deserted, inside, they find a large viewing port amidships and watch a strange underwater funeral procession. Ned, Aronnax and Conseil are spotted, and as attempt to leave in their lifeboat. The captain introduces himself as Nemo, master of the Nautilus and he returns Ned and Conseil to the deck, while offering Aronnax, whose name he recognizes from Aronnaxs scientific work and research, the chance to stay. When Nemo discovers that Aronnax is willing to die with his companions, he finds out what he needed to know and allows Ned, Nemo takes Aronnax to the penal colony island of Rura Penthe. Nemo reveals he was once a prisoner there, as were many of his crew, the prisoners are loading an ammunition ship. The Nautilus later rams and sinks the ship at sea, destroying its cargo, Ned discovers the coordinates of Nemos secret base, Vulcania, and releases messages in bottles containing the islands isolated location, hoping somebody will find and free them from captivity. Off the coast of New Guinea, the Nautilus becomes stranded on a reef, Ned is surprised when Nemo allows him to go ashore with Conseil, ostensibly to collect specimens. Ned goes off alone to explore avenues of escape, while kneeling at a pool to drink, he sees a number of human skulls on stakes. Realizing his danger, Ned runs for his life and rejoins Conseil as they are chased back to the Nautilus by cannibals, despite remaining aground, Nemo is unconcerned, and the cannibals are repelled from the ship by electrical charges through the outer hull. Nemo is furious with Ned for not following his orders and confines him to the submarines brig, a warship approaches, firing on the Nautilus
11.
Lolita (1962 film)
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Lolita is a 1962 British-American black comedy-drama film directed by Stanley Kubrick. Based on the novel of the title by Vladimir Nabokov. The film stars James Mason as Humbert Humbert, Sue Lyon as Dolores Haze, owing to the MPAAs restrictions at the time, the film toned down the more provocative aspects of the novel, sometimes leaving much to the audiences imagination. The actress who played Lolita, Sue Lyon, was 14 at the time of filming, Lolita polarized contemporary critics, but is well-received today. Kubrick later commented, however, that if he had realized how severe the censorship limitations were going to be,40, No.1 on the piano before being shot from behind a portrait painting of a young woman. The shooter is Humbert Humbert, a 40-something British professor of French literature, the film then flashes back to events four years earlier. Humbert arrives in Ramsdale, New Hampshire, intending to spend the summer before his professorship begins at Beardsley College and he searches for a room to rent, and Charlotte Haze, a cloying, sexually frustrated widow, invites him to stay at her house. He declines until seeing her daughter, Dolores, affectionately called Lolita, Lolita is a soda-pop drinking, gum-snapping, overtly flirtatious teenager, with whom Humbert becomes infatuated. To be close to Lolita, Humbert accepts Charlottes offer and becomes a lodger in the Haze household, but Charlotte wants all of Hums time for herself and soon announces she will be sending Lolita to an all-girl sleepaway camp for the summer. After the Hazes depart for camp, the maid gives Humbert a letter from Charlotte, confessing her love for him, the letter says that if Humbert is still in the house when she returns, Charlotte will know her love is requited, and he must marry her. Though he roars with laughter while reading the sadly heartfelt yet characteristically overblown letter, things turn sour for the couple in the absence of the nymphet, glum Humbert becomes more withdrawn, and brassy Charlotte more whiny. Charlotte discovers Humberts diary entries detailing his passion for Lolita and characterizing her as the Haze woman, the cow, the obnoxious mama and she has an hysterical outburst, runs outside, and is hit by a car, dying on impact. Humbert drives to Camp Climax to pick up Lolita, who doesnt yet know her mother is dead and they stay the night in a hotel that is handling an overflow influx of police officers attending a convention. One of the guests, a pushy, abrasive stranger, insinuates himself upon Humbert and keeps steering the conversation to his little daughter. The stranger implies that he too is a policeman and repeats, too often, Humbert escapes the mans advances, and, the next morning, Humbert and Lolita enter into a sexual relationship. The two commence an odyssey across the United States, traveling from hotel to motel, in public, they act as father and daughter. After several days, Humbert tells Lolita that her mother is not sick in a hospital, as he had told her. In the fall, Humbert reports to his position at Beardsley College, before long, people begin to wonder about the relationship between father and his over-protected daughter
12.
North by Northwest
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North by Northwest is a 1959 American thriller directed by Alfred Hitchcock and starring Cary Grant, Eva Marie Saint and James Mason. The screenplay was by Ernest Lehman, who wanted to write the Hitchcock picture to end all Hitchcock pictures and this is one of several Hitchcock films that features a music score by Bernard Herrmann and a memorable opening title sequence by graphic designer Saul Bass. This film is cited as the first to feature extended use of kinetic typography in its opening credits. North by Northwest is now numbered among the essential Hitchcock pictures and is listed as one of the greatest films of all time. It was selected in 1995 for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress, as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Two thugs looking for a George Kaplan at a hotel bar see a calling out for him at the same time advertising executive Roger Thornhill summons the waiter. Thornhill, thus, is mistaken for George Kaplan, kidnapped by the thugs, he is brought to the Long Island estate of Lester Townsend, and interrogated by spy Phillip Vandamm. Thornhill vehemently denies he is Kaplan, Vandamm thinks he is lying and Vandamms henchman Leonard tries to arrange Thornhills death, but Thornhill manages to escape a staged drunken driving accident. Thornhill fails to convince his mother and the police that he had been kidnapped, journeying to the scene of the crime with police, a woman at Townsends home, presumed to be Mrs. Townsend, says he showed up drunk at her dinner party. She says Townsend is a United Nations diplomat, while searching Kaplans hotel room with his mother, Thornhill answers a phone call from the thugs who are in the hotel lobby. He escapes and visits the U. N. General Assembly building to meet Townsend and he discovers that Townsend is not the man he met on Long Island, and that Townsend is a widower. As Thornhill questions Townsend, one of the thugs throws a knife, hitting Townsend in the back, Thornhill catches Townsend as he falls and grabs the knife, giving the appearance that he murdered Townsend. Thornhill flees and attempts to find the real Kaplan, meanwhile, a government intelligence agency picks up the news and realizes Thornhill has been mistaken for George Kaplan, a fictional persona created by the agency to thwart Vandamm. However, Thornhill is not rescued for fear of compromising their operation, Thornhill sneaks onto the 20th Century Limited train. He meets Eve Kendall, who protects him from the police, in Chicago, Kendall tells Thornhill she has arranged a meeting with Kaplan at an isolated bus stop. Thornhill waits, but no one comes and he is attacked by a crop duster plane, but steps in front of a speeding tank truck, the airplane crashes into the truck, and Thornhill escapes. When he reaches Kaplans hotel in Chicago, he discovers that Kaplan had checked out, Thornhill goes to her room, but she leaves. He tracks her to an art auction, where he finds Vandamm, Vandamm purchases a Mexican Purépecha statue and departs
13.
The Prisoner of Zenda (1952 film)
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The Prisoner of Zenda is a 1952 film version of the classic novel of the same name by Anthony Hope and a remake of the famous 1937 film version. This version was made by Loews and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, directed by Richard Thorpe, the film stars Stewart Granger, Deborah Kerr, and James Mason. Alfred Newmans 1937 music score was adapted by Conrad Salinger, since Newman was unavailable to work on the film, the art direction was by Cedric Gibbons and Hans Peters and the costume design by Walter Plunkett. The silent film versions, The Prisoner of Zenda starred James K. Hackett and Beatrice Beckly and The Prisoner of Zenda starred Lewis Stone, a comedy version The Prisoner of Zenda starred Peter Sellers and Lynne Frederick. Stewart Granger as Rudolf Rassendyl/King Rudolf V Deborah Kerr as Princess Flavia, jean Simmons, who was married to Granger at the time, and Eleanor Parker were considered for the role. James Mason as Rupert of Hentzau, Richard Greene was to have portrayed Rupert, but had a scheduling conflict. Louis Calhern as Colonel Sapt Robert Coote as Fritz von Tarlenheim Robert Douglas as Michael, Stone played the dual lead role in the 1922 silent version. This version of The Prisoner of Zenda used the shooting script as the 1937 David O. Selznick film directed by John Cromwell and starring Ronald Colman. Slight variations in the screenplay were added by Noel Langley, in addition to the dialogue, the same film score, composed by Alfred Newman for the 1937 version, was also used for this version. A comparison of the two reveals that settings and camera angles, in most cases, are the same. According to a Hollywood Reporter news item, MGM was to pay Selznick USD $225,000 for the rights to the novel. In 1999, blacklisted writer Donald Ogden Stewart, who was credited with additional dialogue on the 1937 production, was given a credit for the 1952 film. Director Richard Thorpe and producer Pandro S, the film was a hit in France, with admissions of 2,415,938
14.
Journey to the Center of the Earth (1959 film)
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Journey to the Center of the Earth is a 1959 adventure film adapted by Charles Brackett from the novel of the same name by Jules Verne. Journey to the Center of the Earth was directed by Henry Levin and stars James Mason, Pat Boone and Arlene Dahl. In Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1880, Professor Sir Oliver Lindenbrook, deciding that the rock is unusually heavy, Lindenbrook, mostly thanks to the carelessness of his lab assistant, Mr. Paisley, discovers a plumb bob inside bearing a cryptic inscription. After translating the message, Lindenbrook immediately sets off with Alec to follow in the Icelandic pioneers footsteps, Professor Göteborg of Stockholm, upon receiving correspondence from Lindenbrook regarding the nature of the message, opts to try to reach the Earths center first. Lindenbrook and McEwan chase him to Iceland, there, Göteborg and his assistant kidnap and imprison them in a cellar. They are freed by a local Icelander, Hans Bjelke, and they find Göteborg dead in his room at an inn. Lindenbrook finds some potassium cyanide crystals in Göteborgs goatee and concludes that he has been murdered, Göteborgs widow, Carla, who initially believed Lindenbrook was trying to capitalize on the work of her deceased husband, learns the truth from her husbands diary. She provides the equipment and supplies Göteborg had gathered, including much sought after Ruhmkorff lamps, Lindenbrook grudgingly agrees, and the four explorers and the pet duck are soon journeying into the Earth. They are aided by marks left by Arne Saknussemm showing the path he took 300 years before, Göteborgs murderer, Count Saknussemm thinks that, as Arne Saknussemms descendent, only he has the right to be there. He trails the group secretly with his servant, when Alec becomes separated from the others, he almost trips over Saknussemms dead servant. When Alec refuses to be his replacement, Saknussemm shoots Alec in the arm, Lindenbrook locates Saknussemm from the reverberations of the sound of the shot, and sentences him to death. However, no one is willing to execute him, so they take him along. The explorers eventually come upon a subterranean ocean and they construct a raft from the stems of giant mushrooms to cross it but, not before narrowly escaping a family of dimetrodons. Their raft begins circling in a mid-ocean whirlpool, completely exhausted, they reach the opposite shore. While the others are asleep, a hungry Saknussemm catches and eats Gertrud the duck, when Hans finds out, he rushes at the count, but is pulled off by Lindenbrook and McEwan. Reeling back, Saknussemm loosens a column of stones and is buried beneath them, right behind the collapse, the group comes upon the sunken city of Atlantis. They also find the remains of Arne Saknussemm, the hand of his skeleton points toward a passage to the surface. They decide that they will have to break a giant rock blocking their way using gunpowder left by Saknussemm, a giant megalosaurus attacks them, but it is killed by released lava
15.
A Touch of Larceny
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It is based on the 1956 novel The Megstone Plot by Paul Winterton, written under the pseudonym Andrew Garve. The film was nominated for the BAFTA award for Best British Screenplay, a British World War II naval war hero, Commander Max Rammer Easton, is charming and a bit of rake. He holds a staff position at the British Admiralty, but spends most of his free time playing squash. While at his club, he meets Sir Charles Holland and later Hollands American companion. As soon as Holland goes away for a few days, Max makes a play for Virginia, undaunted, he continues to slowly charm her until she agrees to have lunch with him. They later go sailing on Eastons sailboat, and he continues to put his charm on display, Max can tell that Virginia is impressed by Hollands old school wealth. The scandal would leak and spread though the British press like wildfire, upon his sudden and surprising return, he would sue the press for libel, raking in thousands of pounds in out-of-court settlements. To prove that he is serious about her, he implements his complex scheme. Max is later branded a traitor by the press, all according to plan. Virginia is at first amused by this, then annoyed when she realizes he has gone through with it. When she tells Sir Charles, he is outraged and says something must be done, Maxs elaborate plan backfires, however, when just as he is about to return, he becomes marooned for real on an out-of-the-way rocky island off the Scottish coast and cannot get home. After eventually being rescued, Max learns that Sir Charles has revealed to authorities everything that Virginia told him about Maxs hoax, when confronted by authorities about his deception, Max cleverly frees himself from suspicion of any wrong-doing. He then continues to charm Virginia by saying he now plans on selling his story of survival, against her better judgment, having now split from Sir Charles over the incident, she agrees to marry him, finding him irresistible. New York Times review by A. H, as such, the comedy is a somewhat bland spoof that tends more toward genteel banter, faint whimsy and romance than to belly laughs and explosive ideas. They have focused attention on Comdr, Max Easton, a World War II submarine hero and now technically an Admiralty hand but actually a diligent wolf most of the time. That is, until our man runs into a beauteous American widow, undeterred, our intrepid campaigner devises a plan to make a quick fortune and thereby influence his lady fair. Naturally, there are hitches along the line, but our minor league Machiavelli makes the grade with the object of his affections, vera Miles is properly pretty and receptive in a glacial sort of way. And George Sanders, portraying the jealous Foreign Office man is repeating once again, mr. MacDougall and his collaborators have devised civilized and, on occasion, mildly funny lines for their cast to speak
16.
Bigger Than Life
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The film co-stars Barbara Rush as his wife and Walter Matthau as his closest friend, a fellow teacher. Though it was a flop upon its initial release, many modern critics hail it as a masterpiece and brilliant indictment of contemporary attitudes towards mental illness. In 1963, Jean-Luc Godard named it one of the ten best American sound films ever made, Bigger Than Life was based on a 1955 article by medical writer Berton Roueché in The New Yorker, titled Ten Feet Tall. Told by doctors that he probably has only months to live, Ed agrees to an experimental treatment and he returns home to his wife, Lou, and their son, Richie. He must keep taking cortisone tablets regularly to prevent a recurrence of his illness, mason, who produced the film as well as starring in it, blamed its failure on its use of the then-novel widescreen CinemaScope format. American critics panned the film, considering it melodramatic and heavyhanded, bosley Crowther of The New York Times called it tedious, dismal, and more pitiful than terrifying to watch. However, the film was popular with critics at the influential magazine Cahiers du cinéma, Jean-Luc Godard called it one of the ten best American sound films. Likewise, François Truffaut praised the film, noting the intelligent, subtle script, the precision of Masons performance. The film is recognized for its multi-layered examination of the American nuclear family in the Eisenhower era. Truffaut saw Eds drug-influenced speech to the parents of the association as having fascist overtones. The film has also interpreted as an examination of masculinity. List of American films of 1956 Basinger, Jeanine, I Do and I Dont, A History of Marriage in the Movies. Letterboxed, The Evolution of Widescreen Cinema, therapeutic Revolutions, Medicine, Psychiatry, and American Culture, 1945-1970. Bigger Than Life, Melodrama, Masculinity, and the American Dream, lonely Places, Dangerous Ground, Nicholas Ray in American Cinema. Twentieth Century Fox, A Corporate and Financial History, Bigger Than Life at the Internet Movie Database Bigger Than Life at AllMovie Bigger Than Life at the TCM Movie Database Bigger Than Life at the American Film Institute Catalog
17.
Julius Caesar (1953 film)
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Julius Caesar is a 1953 epic Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film adaptation of the play by Shakespeare, directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, who also wrote the uncredited screenplay, and produced by John Houseman. The original music score is by Miklós Rózsa, many of the actors connected with this film had previous experience with the play. Gielgud later played the role in the 1970 film with Charlton Heston, Jason Robards and Richard Johnson. John Houseman, who had produced the famous 1937 Broadway version of the play starring Orson Welles, by this time, however, Welles and Houseman had had a falling out, and Welles had nothing to do with the 1953 film. P. M. Pasinetti, Italian-American writer, scholar, Brandos casting was met with some skepticism when it was announced, as he had acquired the nickname of The Mumbler following his performance in A Streetcar Named Desire. Director Joseph L. Mankiewicz even considered Paul Scofield for the role of Mark Antony if Brandos screen test was unsuccessful, Brando asked John Gielgud for advice in declaiming Shakespeare, and adopted all of Gielguds recommendations. In him a major talent has emerged, despite the feuding, production continued with only minimal disruption, thanks to what Gielgud called, Mankiewiczs consummate tact that kept us together as a working unit. The film received favorable reviews. In the second volume of his book The Story of Cinema, the film currently has a 95% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Intrada Records released an album featuring a 1995 re-recording of the films score, the re-recording was performed by the Sinfonia of London and conducted by Bruce Broughton. Brandos nomination was the time in three consecutive years that he was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award. He was nominated in 1951 for A Streetcar Named Desire and in 1952 for Viva Zapata and he would win the following year for On the Waterfront. It also won two BAFTA awards for Best British Actor and Best Foreign Actor and it was also nominated in the Best Film category. Brando won the BAFTA Best Actor award in three years for Viva Zapata. Julius Caesar, and On the Waterfront and it won the Best Film and Best Actor Award for James Mason from The National Board of Review. It also won the Golden Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival, Julius Caesar has had regular showings on Turner Classic Movies. One of the things that fascinated moviegoers about Marlon Brando early in his career is you never knew in what guise he was gonna show up. The only thing that seemed consistent about him was the fact that he mumbled a lot and he mumbled in his very first film — Stanley Kramers The Men — he mumbled even more in his second and third films, A Streetcar Named Desire and Viva Zapata
18.
Georgy Girl
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Georgy Girl is a 1966 British film based on a novel by Margaret Forster. The film was directed by Silvio Narizzano and starred Lynn Redgrave as Georgy, Charlotte Rampling, Alan Bates, the movie also features the well known title song performed by The Seekers. Georgina Parkin is a 22-year-old Londoner who has considerable talent, is well educated. On the other hand, she herself to be plain, slightly overweight, dresses haphazardly. She has an imagination and loves children. Her parents are the employees of successful businessman James Leamington. Leamington is 49 and has a loveless, childless marriage with Ellen, Georgy sidesteps his proposal by never giving him a direct response, Leamingtons business-like language and manner leave her cold. Georgys flatmate is the beautiful Meredith, who works as a violinist in an orchestra and she treats the meekly compliant Georgy like an unpaid servant. When Meredith discovers that she is pregnant by her boyfriend Jos Jones and she tells him bluntly that she has already aborted two of his children, but she wants to marry because shes bored. Jos moves in with the two young women and he becomes disillusioned with Meredith and begins to find himself attracted to Georgy, who convinces Leamington to buy several expensive items for the babys care. While in the midst of an argument with Meredith over her attitude to her pregnancy, Jos suddenly kisses Georgy. Georgy flees the apartment onto the streets of London, where Jos follows her, Jos and Georgy go to the hospital, where Georgy tries to comfort Meredith while she is in labour. Jos and Georgys love affair continues, Meredith gives birth to a daughter whom they name Sara. Since she has no interest in the baby, and is tired of Jos, she announces that she plans to put the child up for adoption, Georgy and Jos set up home together in the flat, caring for the baby and living as a married couple. The relationship ends when Jos realises he is of no importance to Georgy and has tired of a fathers responsibilities. Now that Georgy is the caregiver of a baby to whom she has no blood ties. In the meantime, Leamingtons wife has died, Leamington, who was unable to express his true feelings for Georgy while his wife lived, now finds himself free to express his love for her and proposes marriage. Georgy accepts because this will allow her to keep Sara, the two marry despite the difference in their backgrounds and ages and officially adopt Sara, making Georgy a mother
19.
The Deadly Affair
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The Deadly Affair is a 1966 British espionage–thriller film, based on John le Carrés first novel Call for the Dead. The film stars James Mason, Harry Andrews, Simone Signoret, the soundtrack was composed by Quincy Jones, and the bossa nova theme song, Who Needs Forever, is performed by Astrud Gilberto. In contemporary London, Charles Dobbs is a staid MI5 operative investigating Foreign Office official Samuel Fennan, Dobbs becomes suspicious when a wake-up call is made to Fennans home the next morning. While his widow Elsa says it was for her, this is discovered to be a lie, Dobbs then suspects that Elsa, a survivor of an extermination camp, might have some clues, but other officials want Dobbs to drop the case. Dobbs privately links up with retired police inspector Mendel to continue inquiries, Dobbs uses his knowledge of Dieter to set a trap, which proves that Elsa is the spy and Dieter is her control. In a final confrontation, Dieter strangles Elsa and shoots Mendel but is killed bare handed by the enraged Dobbs, jamess Park, at the Balloon Tavern and the Chelsea Embankment in Chelsea, in Clapham and Barnes, and in Twickenham. The exterior of Dobbs house is in St. Georges Square, director of photography Freddie Youngs technique of pre-exposing the colour film negative to a small, controlled amount of light in order to create a muted colour palette was first used in this film. Lumet called the result colorless color and it proved influential, being used by other such as Vilmos Zsigmond on McCabe & Mrs. Miller. The Deadly Affair at the Internet Movie Database The Deadly Affair at AllMovie The Deadly Affair at the TCM Movie Database
20.
Age of Consent (film)
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Age of Consent is a 1969 Australian film which was the penultimate feature film directed by British director Michael Powell. The romantic comedy-drama stars James Mason, Helen Mirren in her first major film role, the screenplay by Peter Yeldham was adapted from the 1935 semi-autobiographical novel of the same name by Norman Lindsay, who died the year this film was released. Lindsay is also portrayed in the 1994 films Sirens, starring Hugh Grant, Sam Neill, Bradley Morahan is an Australian artist who feels he has become jaded by success and life in New York City. He decides that he needs to regain the edge he had as a young artist and he sets up in a shack on the shore of a small, sparsely inhabited island on the Great Barrier Reef. There he meets young Cora Ryan, who has grown up wild, with her relative, her difficult. To earn money, Cora sells Bradley fish that she has caught in the sea and she later sells him a chicken which she has stolen from his spinster neighbour Isabel Marley. When Bradley is suspected of being the thief, he pays Isabel, to help her save enough money to fulfill her dream of becoming a hairdresser in Brisbane, he pays her to be his model. She reinvigorates him, becoming his artistic muse, Bradleys work is disrupted when his sponging longtime friend Nat Kelly shows up. Nat is hiding from the police over alimony he owes, when Bradley refuses to give him a loan, Nat invites himself to stay with Bradley. After several days, Bradleys patience becomes exhausted, but Nat then focuses his attention on romancing Isabel, the next day, he hastily departs the island, but not before stealing Bradleys money and some of his drawings. Ma subsequently catches Cora posing nude for Bradley and accuses him of carrying on with her underage granddaughter, Bradley protests that he has done nothing improper. Finally, he gives her the money he has left to get her to go away. When Cora discovers that Ma has found her hidden cache of money, in the ensuing struggle, Ma falls down a hill, breaks her neck, and dies. The local policeman sees no reason to further, since the old woman was known to be frequently drunk. Later that night, Cora goes to Bradleys shack, but is disappointed when he seems to view her only as his model, when she runs out, Bradley follows her into the water, where finally comes to view her as a desirable young woman. Norman Lindsays novel had been published in 1938 and was banned in Australia, a film version was announced in 1961 by producer Oscar Nichols who said he wanted Dan OHerlihy and Glynis Johns. In 1962 Michael Pate had the rights and he brought in Michael Powell. They hired Peter Yeldham to write the adaptation, several changes were made from Lindsays novel including shifting the location from New South Wales to the Barrier Reef and making the artist a success instead of a failure
21.
Heaven Can Wait (1978 film)
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Heaven Can Wait is a 1978 American fantasy-comedy film co-directed by Warren Beatty and Buck Henry. It was the film adaptation of Harry Segalls play of the same name. The film was nominated for nine Academy Awards, the cast reunites Beatty and Julie Christie, who also starred together in the 1971 McCabe & Mrs. Miller and the 1975 Shampoo. A third film adaptation of the play was done in 2001, Joe Pendleton, a backup quarterback for the American football team Los Angeles Rams, is looking forward to leading his team to the Super Bowl. While riding his bicycle through the older west side of one on Kanan-Dume road in Malibu. Once there, he refuses to believe that his time was up and, upon investigation, unfortunately, his body has already been cremated, so a new body must be found. After rejecting several possibilities of men who are about to die, Leo Farnsworth has just been drugged and drowned in his bathtub by his cheating gold digger wife Julia Farnsworth and her lover, Farnsworths personal secretary, Tony Abbott. Julia and Tony are naturally confused when Leo reappears, alive, Leo buys the Los Angeles Rams to lead them to the Super Bowl as their quarterback. To succeed, he must first convince, and then secure the aid of, long-time friend, at the same time, he falls in love with an environmental activist, Betty Logan, who disapproves of the original Farnsworths policies and actions. With the Rams about to play in the Super Bowl, the characters all face a crisis, Mr. Jordan informs Farnsworth that he must give up this body as well. Farnsworth resists, but hints to Betty that she might someday meet someone else, Julia and Abbott continue their murderous plans, and Abbott shoots Farnsworth dead. The Rams are forced to another quarterback, Tom Jarrett. A detective, Lt. Krim, interrogates the suspects while they watch the game on TV, with the help of Corkle, he gets Julia and Abbott to incriminate one another. After a brutal hit on the field, Jarrett is himself killed, with Mr. Jordans help, Joe then occupies his final body. He is shown snapping to life in Jarretts body, then leading the Rams to victory, during the teams post-game celebration, Mr. Jordan removes Joes memory of his past life and departs. Joe becomes Tom Jarrett and the balance is restored. The one left crestfallen is Corkle, who understands what really happened, Jarrett bumps into Betty while leaving the stadium. They strike up a conversation, and Betty suddenly experiences a realization who he really is, a number of former Los Angeles Rams players have cameo roles in the film, including Deacon Jones, Les Josephson, Jack Snow, Jim Boeke, and Charley Cowan
22.
The Boys from Brazil (film)
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The Boys from Brazil is a 1978 British-American science fiction thriller film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner. It stars Gregory Peck and Laurence Olivier and features James Mason, Lilli Palmer, Uta Hagen, Denholm Elliott, the film is based on the 1976 novel of the same name by Ira Levin, and was nominated for three Academy Awards. He phones Ezra Lieberman, an aging Nazi hunter living in Vienna, Austria, a highly skeptical Lieberman tries to brush Kohlers claims aside, telling him that it is already well known that Mengele is living in Paraguay. Although frail, Lieberman follows Kohlers leads and begins travelling throughout Europe and he meets several of their widows and is amazed to find an uncanny resemblance in their adopted, black-haired, blue-eyed sons. Ninety-four clones of Hitler had then been born and sent to different parts of the world for adoption, as Lieberman uncovers more of the plot, Mengeles superiors become more unnerved. Mengele storms out, pledging that the operation will continue, seibert and his men destroy Mengeles jungle estate after killing his guards and servants. Mengele himself, however, has left, intent on trying to continue his plan. He travels to rural Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, where one of the Hitler clones, Bobby Wheelock, lives on a farm with his parents. There he murders the father, a Doberman dog breeder, and waits for Lieberman. The instant Lieberman arrives and sees Mengele, he attacks the doctor in a fury, Mengele gains the upper hand and shoots Lieberman. He taunts Lieberman by explaining his plan to return Hitler to the world, then, with one desperate lunge, Lieberman opens the closet where the Dobermans are held and turns them loose. The dogs corner Mengele and attack him, Bobby arrives home from school and, despite telling from the carnage that something is wrong, calls off the dogs and tries to find out what has happened. The injured Mengele, having now encountered one of his clones for the first time, tells Bobby how much he admires him, Bobby doubts his story, and is also suspicious of Mengele because the dogs are trained to attack anyone who threatens his family. Lieberman tells Bobby that Mengele has killed his father and urges him to notify the police, Bobby checks the house and finds his dead father in the basement. He rushes back upstairs and sets the vicious dogs on Mengele once again, Bobby then helps Lieberman, but only after Lieberman promises not to tell the police about the incident. Later, while recovering from his wounds, Lieberman is encouraged by an American Nazi-hunter, Lieberman objects on the grounds that they are mere children, and he burns the list before anyone can read it. Peck agreed to portray Mengele only because he had wanted to work with Olivier, Mason initially expressed interest in playing either Mengele or Lieberman. The altercation between Lieberman and Mengele took about three or four days to film due to Oliviers ailing health at the time, Peck recalled that he and Olivier were lying around on the floor laughing at the absurdity of having to film such a fight scene at their advanced ages
23.
The Verdict
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The Verdict is a 1982 American courtroom drama film starring Paul Newman, Charlotte Rampling, Jack Warden, James Mason, Milo OShea and Lindsay Crouse. The film, which was directed by Sidney Lumet, was adapted by David Mamet from the novel by Barry Reed. It is about an alcoholic lawyer who takes a medical malpractice case to improve his own situation. The Verdict garnered critical acclaim and box office success, the film was nominated for five Academy Awards, including Best Actor in a Leading Role, Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Best Director, Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay. Frank Galvin was once a promising graduate of Boston College Law School, but he was framed for jury tampering some years back by the firms senior partner because he was going to expose their corrupt practices. The firm fired him and his marriage ended in divorce, although he retains his license to practice law, Frank has become an alcoholic ambulance chaser who has had only four cases over the last three years, all of which he has lost. As a favor, his friend and former teacher Mickey sends him a medical malpractice case in which it is all, the case involves a young woman who was given an anesthetic during childbirth, after which she choked on her own vomit and was deprived of oxygen. The young woman is now comatose and on a respirator and her sister and brother-in-law are hoping for a monetary award in order to give her proper care. Frank assures them they have a strong case, meanwhile, Frank, who is lonely, becomes romantically involved with Laura, a woman he meets at a local bar. Frank visits the woman and is deeply affected. He then meets with the bishop of the Archdiocese of Boston, everyone, including the presiding judge and the victims relatives, is stunned by Franks decision. Franks big break comes when he discovers that Kaitlin Costello, the nurse who admitted his client to the hospital, is now a teacher in New York. Frank travels there to track her down, leaving Mickey and Laura working together in Franks Boston office, Frank confronts Costello, asking, Will you help me. Meanwhile, in Boston, Mickey is looking for cigarettes in Lauras handbag and he infers that she is a mole, providing information on their legal strategy to the opposing lawyers. Mickey flies to New York to tell Frank that Laura has been betraying them and he suggests to Frank that it would be easy to get the case declared a mistrial, but Frank decides to continue. Shortly thereafter, Frank meets Laura, who has traveled to New York. In a display of cold fury, Frank strikes her in the face, Costello testifies that, shortly after the patient had become comatose, the anesthesiologist told her to change her notes on the admitting form to hide his fatal error. She had written down that the patient had had a meal only one hour before being admitted
24.
Mandingo (film)
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Mandingo is an American motion picture released by Paramount Pictures in 1975. It is based on the novel Mandingo by Kyle Onstott, the film was directed by Richard Fleischer and starred James Mason, Susan George, Perry King, and boxer-turned-actor Ken Norton. It was widely derided when released, although some reviews are positive and it was followed by a sequel in 1976, titled Drum, which also starred Norton. Sylvester Stallone has an uncredited role, the movie is set in the Deep South of the United States prior to the American Civil War. Falconhurst is a plantation owned by widower Warren Maxwell and largely run by his son. Hammond and his cousin, Charles, visit a plantation where both men are black women out of hospitality. Hammond chooses Ellen, whos a virgin, both she and Hammond watch as Charles abuses and rapes his wench, claiming that she likes it. Hammond asks Ellen if this is true, and she says no, Hammond then gently has sexual intercourse with Ellen. Warren Maxwell pressures him to marry, so Hammond chooses his cousin, a social climber and sexually promiscuous, Blanche had been having an affair with her brother, Charles. After their wedding night, Hammond is sure that she is not a virgin—a claim Blanche denies, on their way back from their honeymoon, Hammond returns to the plantation where Ellen is kept and purchases her as his bed wench. Eventually, he comes to care for her. Meanwhile, Hammond purchases a Mandingo slave named Ganymede, nicknamed Mede, the slave works for Hammond as a prize-fighter. Hes forced to soak in a cauldron of very hot water to toughen his skin. Hammond also breeds Mede with female slaves on his plantation, Hammond makes a great deal of money betting on Medes fights. Rejected by Hammond, Blanche becomes an alcoholic who does nothing all day long. While Hammond is on a trip alone, Blanche discovers Ellen is pregnant. Correctly assuming the baby is Hammonds, Blanche beats Ellen, Ellen flees, falls down some stairs, and miscarries. Hammond, returns to Falconhurst and discovers Ellen lost the baby, threatened with bodily harm by Warren, Ellen does not tell him how she miscarried
25.
Murder by Decree
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Murder by Decree is a 1979 British-Canadian mystery thriller film directed by Bob Clark. Christopher Plummer plays Holmes and James Mason plays Watson, though it features a similar premise, it is notably different in tone and result to A Study in Terror. It is loosely based on The Ripper File by Elwyn Jones, the films premise of the plot behind the murders is influenced by the book, Jack the Ripper, The Final Solution, by Stephen Knight, who presumed that the killings were part of a Masonic plot. The original script contained the names of the suspects, Sir William Gull, 1st Baronet. In the actual film, they are represented by fictional analogues, Thomas Spivy and this plot device was later used in other Jack The Ripper-themed fiction, including the graphic novel From Hell. The film was directed by Bob Clark, James Masons Dr. Watson is also a departure from previous incarnations. The supporting cast includes Donald Sutherland, Susan Clark, John Gielgud, Anthony Quayle, David Hemmings, frank Finlay plays Inspector Lestrade, a part he had previously portrayed in the similar 1965 film A Study in Terror in which Quayle likewise played a supporting role. Plummer had earlier portrayed Holmes in 1977s Silver Blaze, Watson, who are apparently in the public domain, or at least available for assignments outside the works of Arthur Conan Doyle. Mr. Christopher Plummer as Sherlock Holmes James Mason as Dr. John H
26.
Salem's Lot (1979 miniseries)
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Salems Lot is a 1979 American television adaptation of the horror novel of the same name by Stephen King. Directed by Tobe Hooper and starring David Soul and James Mason and it combines elements of both the vampire film and haunted house subgenres. At a church in Guatemala, a man and a boy, Ben Mears, when one of the bottles begins to emit an eerie supernatural glow, Mears tells Petrie Theyve found us again. Knowing an evil presence is there, they decide to fight it, Mears attempts to rent the house but finds that another new arrival in town, the mysterious Richard Straker, has recently bought it. Straker also opens a shop with his oft-mentioned but always absent business partner. Meanwhile, Mears moves into a house in town run by Eva Miller. He befriends Susans father, Dr. Bill Norton, and also renews his old friendship with his school teacher. Mears tells Burke that he feels the Marsten House is somehow inherently evil, after a large crate is delivered to the Marsten House one night, an increasing number of the townsfolk begin to disappear or die in strange circumstances. Straker kidnaps a local boy, Ralphie Glick, as an offering to Barlow. The Glick boy then returns as a vampire to claim his brother, Danny, in turn, Danny infects the local gravedigger, Mike Ryerson, who was entranced by the undead childs open eyes. Danny then attempts to prey on his schoolfriend Mark Petrie, however, Mark is a horror film buff who manages to repel Danny with a crucifix. Slowly, the spread as Mears, Burke, and Bill Norton figure out what is happening to the town. They are attacked by Ralph and Dannys presumed-dead mother Marjorie Glick after she awakens on the morticians table, marks parents are both killed by Barlow, though Mark is allowed to escape when the local priest, Father Callahan, holds him at bay. Jason Burke, however, falls prey to an attack following an encounter with the newly vampirised Mike Ryerson. In the end, Susan Norton and Mark Petrie are captured by Straker after breaking into the Marsten House, Mears and Dr. Norton head over to the house to destroy Barlow when they run into Mark who has managed to escape. Inside the house, Dr. Norton is killed by Straker, afterwards, Mears and Petrie find Barlows coffin in the cellar and destroy him by driving a stake through his heart. They then escape from the vampires in the cellar. However, Susan is nowhere to be found, as the house burns, the wind begins to carry the fire towards the town itself
27.
Marlborough College
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Marlborough College is an independent boarding and day school in Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. Founded in 1843 for the sons of Church of England clergy, for the academic year 2015/16, Marlborough charges £9,610 per term for day pupils, making it the most expensive HMC day school in the UK. Fees for full boarders are up to £11,310 per term – the 28th most expensive HMC boarding school, the Good Schools Guide described Marlborough as a famous, designer label, co-ed boarding school still riding high. The school is a member of the G20 Schools Group, a sister school in Johore, Malaysia opened in 2012. Founded in 1843 for the education of the sons of Church of England clergy, currently there are just over 800 pupils, approximately one third of whom are female. New pupils are admitted at the ages of 13+ and 16, Marlborough was, in 1968, the first major British independent school to allow girls into the sixth form, setting a trend that many other schools followed subsequently. The school became fully co-educational in 1989, the school has also been pioneering in other fields, making a major contribution to the School Mathematics Project and initiating the teaching of Business Studies at A level. Fagging was officially abolished in the 1920s, and Marlborough was one of the first public schools to do so, however, unofficial fagging did persist beyond this change for some time. In 1963 a group of boys, led by the future political biographer Ben Pimlott, wrote a book, Marlborough, the writer and television critic T. C. Worsley wrote about predatory masters at the school in his acclaimed autobiography Flannelled Fool. She wrote to John Vickers, the OFT director-general, saying and they are schools that have quite openly continued to follow a long-established practice because they were unaware that the law had changed. The college is built beside the Mound and this was used as the motte of a castle. No remains of the castle can be seen today, radiocarbon dating of core samples in the early 2010s indicated that the Mound dates from 2400 BC. This is close to the established for Silbury Hill. The main focus of the college is the Court and this is surrounded by buildings in a number of different styles. At the south end is the back of an early 18th-century mansion, next to it are the old stables, now converted into boarding houses. The west side consists of the 1959 red brick dining hall, the rest of the Court is surrounded by buildings in styles ranging from the Jacobethan to classical Georgian and Victorian prison. The latter, B house, was designed by the Victorian architect Edward Blore, whose works include the facade of Buckingham Palace
28.
Aldershot
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Aldershot is a town in the English county of Hampshire, located on heathland about 37 mi southwest of London. The area is administered by Rushmoor Borough Council, the town has a population of 36,321, while the Farnborough/Aldershot Built-up Area, a loose conurbation has a population of 243,344, making it the thirtieth-largest urban area in the UK. Aldershot is known as the Home of the British Army, a connection led to its rapid growth from a small village to a Victorian town. Aldershot is twinned with Sulechów in Poland, Meudon in France, the name may have derived from alder trees found in the area. Aldershot was included as part of the Hundred of Crondall referred to in the Domesday Book of 1086, john Nordens map of Hampshire, published in the 1607 edition of William Camdens Britannia, indicates that Aldershot was a market town. Prior to 1850, Aldershott was little known, the area was a vast stretch of common land, a lonely wasteland unsuitable for most forms of agriculture with scant population. In the 18th century, the stretch of the London to Winchester turnpike that passed through Aldershot between Bagshot and Farnham was the scene of highway robberies, at one time it had almost as bad a reputation as Hounslow Heath. Dick Turpin is said to have operated in the area having his headquarters nearby in Farnborough, in 1854, at the time of the Crimean War, Aldershot Garrison was established as the first permanent training camp for the British Army. This led to an expansion of Aldershots population going from 875 in 1851. Mrs Louisa Daniell arrived in the town at this time and set up her Soldiers Home and Institute to cater for the needs of the soldiers. The Aldershot riot of July 1945 caused considerable damage to the centre when disgruntled Canadian troops rioted in the streets for two evenings. A substantial rebuilding of the barracks was carried out between 1961 and 1969, by the architecture and engineering firm Building Design Partnership, the work was sped up under government pressure, and various new building technologies were employed with mixed success. In 1974 Aldershot and Farnborough urban districts were merged to form the Borough of Rushmoor under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972. After a 2009 campaign, the British Government allowed veteran Gurkha soldiers who had served for more four years. As many Gurkha soldiers had been based in and around Aldershot, between the 2001 Census and the 2011 Census, Rushmoors Nepalese population increased to approximately 6,000 people, making up 6. 5% of the overall population. Howarth was later criticised for suggesting that Nepalese migrants should be dispersed across the UK, the Aldershot Military Tattoo was an annual event dating back to 1894. In the 1920s and 30s, the Aldershot Command Searchlight Tattoo held at the Rushmoor Arena presented displays from all branches of the services, at one time the performances attracted crowds of up to 500,000 people. The Tattoo was organised to raise money for military charities, by the end of the 1930s the event was raising around £40,000 annually
29.
The Old Vic
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The Old Vic is a theatre located just south-east of Waterloo station in London on the corner of The Cut and Waterloo Road. Established in 1818 as the Royal Coburg Theatre, and renamed in 1833 the Royal Victoria Theatre, in 1871 it was rebuilt and reopened as the Royal Victoria Palace. It was taken over by Emma Cons in 1880 and formally named the Royal Victoria Hall, in 1898, a niece of Cons, Lilian Baylis assumed management and began a series of Shakespeare productions in 1914. The building was damaged in 1940 during air raids and it became a Grade II* listed building in 1951 after it reopened. It was also the name of a company that was based at the theatre and formed the core of the National Theatre of Great Britain on its formation in 1963. The National Theatre remained at the Old Vic until new premises were constructed on the South Bank, the Old Vic then became the home of Prospect Theatre Company, at that time a highly successful touring company which staged such acclaimed productions as Derek Jacobis Hamlet. However, with the withdrawal of funding for the company by the Arts Council of Great Britain in 1980 for breaching its touring obligations, the theatre underwent complete refurbishment in 1985. In 2003, Kevin Spacey was appointed as new director of the Old Vic Theatre Company which received considerable media attention. In 2015, Matthew Warchus succeeded Spacey as artistic director, the theatre was a minor theatre and was thus technically forbidden to show serious drama. Nevertheless, when the theatre passed to George Bolwell Davidge in 1824 he succeeded in bringing legendary actor Edmund Kean south of the river to play six Shakespeare plays in six nights. More popular staples in the repertoire were sensational and violent melodramas demonstrating the evils of drink, churned out by the house dramatist, confirmed teetotaller Douglas Jerrold. On 1 July 1833, the theatre was renamed the Royal Victoria Theatre, under the protection and patronage of Victoria, Duchess of Kent, mother to Princess Victoria, the 14-year-old heir presumptive. The duchess and the princess visited only once, on 28 November of that year, the single visit scarcely justified the Old Vic its later billing as Queen Victorias Own Theayter. By 1835, the theatre was advertising itself simply as the Victoria Theatre, in 1841, David Osbaldiston took over as lessee, succeeded on his death in 1850 by his lover and the theatres leading lady, Eliza Vincent, until her death in 1856. Under their management, the theatre remained devoted to melodrama, in 1867, Joseph Arnold Cave took over as lessee. In 1871 he transferred the lease to Romaine Delatorre, who raised funds for the theatre to be rebuilt in the style of the Alhambra Music Hall, jethro Thomas Robinson was engaged as the architect. In September 1871 the old theatre closed, and the new building opened as the Royal Victoria Palace in December of the same year, by 1873, however, Cave had left and Delatorres venture failed. The penny lectures given in the led to the foundation of Morley College, an adult education college
30.
Tyrone Guthrie
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Guthrie was born in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England, the son of Dr Thomas Guthrie and Norah Power. His great-grandfather was the Irish actor Tyrone Power and he was also a second cousin of the Hollywood actor Tyrone Power. His sister, Susan Margaret, married his university friend. He received a degree in history at Oxford University, where he was active in student theatre, in 1924 Guthrie joined the BBC as a broadcaster and began to produce plays for radio. This led to a year directing for the stage with the Scottish National Players, during the period from 1929 to 1933 he directed at various theatres, including a production of Pirandellos Six Characters in Search of an Author in 1932. During 1933–1934, and 1936–1945 he was director of the Shakespeare Repertory Company, while in Montreal, Guthrie produced the Romance of Canada series of radio plays for recalling epic moments in Canadian history. The series was broadcast on the Canadian National Railway radio network, Butler translated the text for Guthries 1934 production of Anton Chekhovs Cherry Orchard, for perhaps its first English-language production. In the 1940s Guthrie began to direct operas, to acclaim, including a realistic Carmen at Sadlers Wells. Staged in the citys General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland on the Mound, specially adapted for the occasion, in 1953, he was invited to help launch the Stratford Festival of Canada. All performances in the first seasons took place in a tent on the banks of the Avon River. He remained as Artistic Director for three seasons, and his work at Stratford had an influence in the development of Canadian theatre. Guthrie produced Gilbert and Sullivans H. M. S, pinafore in 1960 and The Pirates of Penzance in 1961, which were televised in Canada and also brought to the Phoenix Theatre in New York and on tour in the US. In 1962, as soon as the Gilbert and Sullivan copyrights expired, he brought these productions to Britain and they were among the first Savoy opera productions in Britain not authorized by the DOyly Carte Opera Company. In 1963, he founded the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, Minnesota, peter Hall wrote, Among the great originators in British Theatre. Guthrie was a towering figure in every sense. He blazed a trail for the theatre of the sixties. He showed how to run a company and administer a theatre, and he was a brilliant and at times great director. Guthrie wrote two books about the creation of effective drama, Theatre Prospect and A Life in the Theatre. He was Chancellor of Queens University Belfast, on 15 September 2010 a blue plaque in his memory was unveiled at the BBC in Belfast by the Ulster History Circle
31.
Alexander Korda
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Sir Alexander Korda was a Hungarian-born British film producer and director. He first worked in Hollywood during the transition to talkies, from 1926 to 1930, the change led to divorce from his first wife, popular Hungarian actress María Corda, who could not make the transition because of her strong accent in English. From 1930, Korda became a figure in the British film industry, the founder of London Films and the owner of British Lion Films. Korda was the first filmmaker to have been officially knighted, the elder brother of filmmakers Zoltan and Vincent, Korda was born Sándor László Kellner to a Jewish family in Pusztatúrpásztó in what is now Hungary, where he worked as a journalist. After the death of his father Korda began writing film reviews to support his family, Korda changed his family name from Kellner to Korda—from the Latin phrase sursum corda which means lift up your hearts. Korda became an important film figure through his film magazines Pesti Mozi, Mozihét and this led to invitations to write film screenplays. Kordas first film script was for Watchhouse in the Carpathians, when the First World War broke out, Korda was excused from military service in the Austrian Army because of his bad eyesight. Korda went to work at the Pedagogical Studio in Budapest and co-directed three films with Gyula Zilahy, Korda established a film company named Corvin Film, building it into one of the largest in Hungary. After his release, he left Hungary for Austria, and never returned to his country of birth, during the next eleven years, Korda made films in several countries, working in Vienna, Berlin, London and Paris before moving to Hollywood in 1940. He worked closely with artists on his films, including his Hungarian friend, painter. After leaving Hungary, Korda accepted an invitation from Count Alexander Kolowrat to work for his company Sascha-Film in the Austrian capital Vienna. Korda worked alongside Kolowrat, who had attracted several leading Hungarian and German directors into his employment, on the 1920 historical epic The Prince, the film was a major international success and inspired Korda with the idea of making international films with global box office appeal. Kordas next two films, Masters of the Sea and A Vanished World, were both nautical-set adventures based on Hungarian novels. By that stage, Korda had grown irritated with Kolowrats interference with his work and left Sascha to make an independent film, Samson and Delilah, the film was made on a lavish scale, with large crowd scenes. The lengthy shooting schedule lasted 160 working days, the film was not a success. Unable to find backing for his film projects, Korda left Vienna. Korda raised funding for the melodrama The Unknown Tomorrow, with backing from Germanys biggest film company, UFA, Korda returned to Vienna to make Everybodys Woman. While there, he work on his next film, the historical Tragedy in the House of Habsburg
32.
The Private Life of Don Juan
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The Private Life of Don Juan is a 1934 British comedy-drama film directed by Alexander Korda and starring Douglas Fairbanks, Merle Oberon and Benita Hume. It was Fairbanks final film role, the film is about the life of the aging Don Juan, based on the 1920 play Lhomme à la Rose by Henry Bataille. It was made by Kordas London Film Productions at Elstree Studios, after many years in exile, Don Juan returns to Seville in secret. His wife has threatened to have him thrown in prison, next morning he is surprised to find that all the town knows he is back. Rodrigo, an admirer of his, follows Don Juan everywhere, wanting to be just like him, Don Juan prepares to flee to France but Rodrigo is killed by a jealous husband who believes he is Don Juan and all Seville now believes him dead. He attends his own magnificent funeral, but finds many discomforts now while pretending that Don Juan is dead, before finally sorting things out
33.
Conscientious objector
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A conscientious objector is an individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service on the grounds of freedom of thought, conscience, or religion. In general, conscientious objector status is considered only in the context of military conscription and is not applicable to military forces. In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to a civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service. Some conscientious objectors consider themselves pacifist, non-interventionist, non-resistant, non-aggressionist and this was re-affirmed in 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that persons performing military service may develop conscientious objections. A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objectors Day, the term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. Historically, many conscientious objectors have been executed, imprisoned, or otherwise penalized when their beliefs led to conflicting with their societys legal system or government. The legal definition and status of conscientious objection has varied over the years, Religious beliefs were a starting point in many nations for legally granting conscientious objector status. An early recognition of conscientious objection was granted by William the Silent to the Dutch Mennonites in 1575 and they could refuse military service in exchange for a monetary payment. Formal legislation to exempt objectors from fighting was first granted in mid-18th century Great Britain following problems with attempting to force Quakers into military service. In the United States, conscientious objection was permitted from the countrys founding, in 1948, the issue of the right to conscience was dealt with by the United Nations General Assembly in Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The proclamation was ratified during the General Assembly on 10 December 1948 by a vote of 48 in favour,0 against and it is The Right to Refuse to Kill. In 1976, the United Nations treaty the International Covenant on Civil and it was based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and was originally created in 1966. Nations that have signed this treaty are bound by it and its Article 18 begins, Everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. Some states argue that such limitations would permit them to make conscientious objection during time of war a threat to public safety, even that it is a moral duty to serve the state in its military. In 2006, the Committee has found for the first time a right to conscientious objection under article 18, in 1998, the Human Rights Commission reiterated previous statements and added states should. Refrain from subjecting conscientious objectors. to repeated punishment for failure to perform military service, the Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees states,171. Not every conviction, genuine though it may be, will constitute a sufficient reason for claiming refugee status after desertion or draft-evasion and it is not enough for a person to be in disagreement with his government regarding the political justification for a particular military action. Air Commodore Lionel Charlton, of the British Royal Air Force, in 1923 he selectively refused to serve in the RAF Iraq Command
34.
Second World War
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
35.
Gainsborough Pictures
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Gainsborough Pictures was a British film studio based on the south bank of the Regents Canal, in Poole Street, Hoxton in the former Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch, London. Gainsborough Studios were active between 1924 and 1951, the company was initially based at Islington Studios which were built as a power station for the Great Northern & City Railway and was later converted to studios. Other films were made at Lime Grove and Pinewood Studios, the former Islington studios were demolished in 2002 and flats built on the site in 2004. A London Borough of Hackney historical plaque is attached to the building, the studio is best remembered for the Gainsborough melodramas it produced in the 1940s. Gainsborough was founded in 1924 by Michael Balcon and was a company to the Gaumont British from 1927. Whilst Gaumont-British, based at Lime Grove Studios in Shepherds Bush produced the quality pictures, Gainsborough mainly produced B movies and melodramas at its Islington Studios. The studios opening logo was of a lady in a Georgian era period costume sitting in a frame, turning and smiling. The short piece of music was written by Louis Levy and called the Gainsborough Minuet, after the departure of Balcon to MGM-British, the Rank Organisation gained an interest in Gainsborough and the studio made such popular films as Oh, Mr Porter. By 1937, Gaumont-British were in crisis, and closed their Lime Grove studios. From 1942 to 1946, a series of morally ambivalent studio bound costume melodramas was produced by Gainsborough for the domestic market and they were mostly based on recent popular books by female novelists. Prominent titles included the The Man in Grey, Madonna of the Seven Moons, Fanny by Gaslight, The Wicked Lady, the films featured a stable of leading British actors, among them Margaret Lockwood, James Mason, Stewart Granger and Patricia Roc. The studio also made modern-dress comedies and melodramas such as Love Story, Two Thousand Women, Time Flies, Bees in Paradise, They Were Sisters, unhappy with the performance of the studio, Rank closed it down in early 1949. Production was concentrated at Pinewood Studios, although at first films continued to be made there under the Gainsborough banner, this quickly stopped and no further Gainsborough films were released after 1951. The original Lime Grove site was taken over by the BBC in 1949 and used, mainly for TV current affairs and live programmes, the buildings were demolished in the early 90s, and have been since replaced with housing presently called Gaumont Terrace and Gainsborough Court. The buildings began to be cleared in 2002, and apartments named Gainsborough Studios were built on the site in 2004, by architects Munkenbeck and Marshall. Cook, Pam, Gainsborough Pictures, Harper, Sue, Picturing the Past, Gainsborough Pictures at the British Film Institutes Screenonline London’s Hollywood, The Gainsborough Film Studio’s Silent Years article at Brenton Film
36.
Gainsborough melodramas
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The Gainsborough melodramas were a sequence of films produced by the British film studio Gainsborough Pictures during the 1940s which conformed to a melodramatic style. The melodramas were not a series but an unrelated sequence of films which had similar themes. The popularity of the films with audiences peaked in the immediate post-war years, the success of the films led to other British producers releasing similarly-themed works such as The Seventh Veil, Idol of Paris and Pink String and Sealing Wax. The first film in the sequence was the The Man in Grey which proved to be a success on its release in 1943. This led to a number of similar pictures being made based on melodramatic period novels. The films dominated the British box office, out-grossing top Hollywood productions, a large element of their appeal was their overt escapism at a time when the Second World War was still being fought. Previously the studio had been known for its comedy films. The films have become synonymous with the studios, in a manner that resembles the Ealing Comedies and this was despite the fact that Gainsborough made films in a variety of genres during its twenty-five year existence. The films were received with critical hostility, but in subsequent years they have become the subject of more favourable study. Many of the films use of chiaroscuro lighting and mildly expressionist imagery. The producer Edward Black played a role in overseeing a number of the earlier films. Later, Sydney Box became head of production at Gainsborough, the films were made either at Gainsboroughs Islington Studios or the larger Lime Grove Studios in Shepherds Bush. Leslie Arliss directed several of the most successful films, other directors included Arthur Crabtree, Anthony Asquith and Bernard Knowles. At the height of the melodramas popularity James Mason and Margaret Lockwood were respectively voted the most popular British male and female actor, Britain Can Take It, British Cinema in the Second World War. Realism and Tinsel, Cinema and Society in Britain 1939-48
37.
The Man in Grey
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The Man in Grey is a 1943 British film melodrama made by Gainsborough Pictures, and is considered as the first of its Gainsborough melodramas. It was directed by Leslie Arliss and produced by Edward Black from a screenplay by Leslie Arliss and Margaret Kennedy, the films sets were designed by Walter Murton. In 1943, a WREN and an RAF pilot meet at an auction of Rohan family heirlooms, after the RAF pilot inadvertently casts aspersions on the Rohan family, the WREN reveals that the last male Rohan was in fact her brother. The RAF man apologises, and reveals that his family are connected to the Rohans in a way, back in the Regency period, a new teacher arrives at Miss Patchetts school for young ladies at Bath. This is Hesther, whose family in Manchester has fallen on hard times and are being done a favour by Miss Patchett. She, however, resents living off charity and so she soon comes into friction with Clarissa. In time, Clarissa and Hesther patch up their differences and become friends, soon before Hesther runs away with Barbary, a penniless ensign. Miss Patchett forbids the disgraced name of Hesther to be mentioned at the school as a result and so Clarissa, out of loyalty to her friend, leaves the school. In London, Clarissas godmother arranges for her to meet the man in grey, Lord Rohan. He marries her, though neither of them does so out of love – she does so to please her godmother, Clarissa sees an advertisement for a production of Othello in Saint Albans featuring a Mrs Barbary, whom she rightly takes to be Hesther under her married name. On the way there in her coach, she is waylaid by a man who hitches a ride with them to St Albans and turns out to be Rokeby. Hesther is invited to supper after the play by Clarissa, and tells her that Ensign Barbary died in her arms some time past, leaving her penniless. Clarissa promises to get her a position as her sons governess and, though Lord Rohan refuses to grant this position, Rohan admires this and the two begin an affair. Attending the racing at Epsom Downs, Clarissa and Rokeby meet again, Mrs Fitzherbert persuades Rokeby to embark alone, and wait for Rohan to be persuaded into a separation, but Clarissa pursues him to the port to say farewell. In staying out in the rain watching his ship away, she catches a fever and, worse still, is taken back to Lord Rohans London house. Shortly after the funeral, Hesther manages to get Rohan to offer her marriage but then Clarissas page boy Toby reveals Hesthers murder to Rohan. Though he did not love his wife, she was still his wife and a Rohan, back in 1943, it is revealed that the RAF man was the descendent of Rokeby. He and Miss Rohan arrive just too late to buy the item they were looking to purchase at the auction and they then rush for a London bus, with their love-affair seeming better-fated than that of their ancestors
38.
The Wicked Lady
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The Wicked Lady is a 1945 film starring Margaret Lockwood in the title role as a noblemans wife who secretly becomes a highwayman for the excitement. The film has one of the top audiences ever for a film of its period,18.4 million It was one of the Gainsborough melodramas, the film was loosely remade by Michael Winner as The Wicked Lady in 1983. Caroline invites her beautiful, green-eyed friend Barbara to her wedding to wealthy landowner. A scheming Barbara soon has Sir Ralph totally entranced, Caroline, wishing only his happiness, stands aside, and even allows Barbara to persuade her to be the maid of honour so as to lessen the scandal of the abrupt change of brides. At the wedding reception, Barbara meets a stranger, Kit Locksby. It is love at first sight for both, but too late, married life on a rural estate does not provide the new Lady Skelton with the excitement she expected and craves. A visit by her detested sister-in-law, Lady Henrietta Kingsclere, Henrietta wins Barbaras jewels, including her most-prized possession, her late mothers ruby brooch, in a game of Ombre. A chance remark about the notorious highwayman Captain Jerry Jackson gives Barbara an idea, masquerading as Jackson, Barbara holds up Henriettas coach and takes her brooch. Intoxicated by the experience, she keeps on waylaying coaches, until one night, she, after they relieve the passengers of their valuables and ride away, Jackson is amused to find his competitor is a beautiful woman. They become lovers and partners in crime, Barbara learns of a valuable gold shipment from a former tenant farmer of Skeltons, Ned Cotterill, who is employed as one of the guards. Jackson is against the idea of stealing the gold, as the coach will have double the usual protection, however, the robbery does not go smoothly. When Cotterill pursues them, Barbara aims for his horse, however, her conscience is not disturbed for long. Hogarth, a family servant, finds out about Barbaras double life. However, his religious fervour to save her and her lies about repenting keep him from revealing what he knows. Barbara tries to him with poison and, when that is not quick enough. She then goes to visit Jackson after the prolonged absence caused by Hogarth, infuriated, she anonymously betrays him to her husband. Jackson is captured and sentenced to be hanged, in London, Barbara goes to view the execution with Caroline, terrified that he will name her as his accomplice. However, he only mentions her indirectly before his hanging, when a riot breaks out afterward, the two ladies are rescued by none other than Kit, who turns out to be engaged to Caroline
39.
Deborah Kerr
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Deborah Kerr CBE was a Scottish film, theatre and television actress. She was also a winner of the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress. Kerr was nominated six times for the Academy Award for Best Actress and she spent the first three years of her life in the nearby town of Helensburgh, where her parents lived with Deborahs grandparents in a house on West King Street. Kerr had a brother, Edmund, who became a journalist. He was killed in a road incident in 2004. Kerr was educated at the independent Northumberland House School, Henleaze in Bristol, Kerr originally trained as a ballet dancer, first appearing on stage at Sadlers Wells in 1938. After changing careers, she found success as an actress. Her first acting teacher was her aunt, Phyllis Smale, who ran the Hicks-Smale Drama School in Bristol and she adopted the name Deborah Kerr on becoming a film actress. Kerrs first stage appearance was at Weston-super-Mare in 1937, as Harlequin in the mime play Harlequin and she then went to the Sadlers Wells ballet school and in 1938 made her début in the corps de ballet in Prometheus. In 1943, aged 21, Kerr made her West End début as Ellie Dunn in a revival of Heartbreak House at the Cambridge Theatre, stealing attention from such as Edith Evans. She has the gift, wrote critic Beverley Baxter, of thinking her lines. The process of development from a romantic, silly girl to a hard, after her first London success in 1943, she toured England and Scotland in Heartbreak House. Near the end of the Second World War, she also toured Holland, France, and Belgium for ENSA as Mrs Manningham in Angel Street, and Britain in Gaslight. Having established herself as an actress in the meantime, she made her Broadway debut in 1953, appearing in Robert Andersons Tea and Sympathy. Kerr repeated her role along with her stage partner John Kerr in Vincente Minnellis film adaptation of the drama, in 1955, Kerr won the Sarah Siddons Award for her performance in Chicago during a national tour of the play. After her Broadway début in 1953, she toured the United States with Tea, in 1975, she returned to Broadway, creating the role of Nancy in Edward Albees Pulitzer Prize-winning play Seascape. In 1977, she came back to the West End, playing the role in a production of George Bernard Shaws Candida. I dont mean to belittle acting but Im like a child when Im out there performing—shocking the grownups, enchanting them and its an unbelievable terror, a kind of masochistic madness
40.
Robert Newton
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Robert Newton was an English stage and film actor. Along with Errol Flynn, Newton was one of the most popular actors among the juvenile audience of the 1940s and early 1950s. Known for his hard drinking lifestyle, he was cited as a model by the actor Oliver Reed. He would continue to portray Blackbeard in 1952 and Long John Silver again in the 1954 film of the same name, hailing from Dorset in the West Country of southern England, his exaggeration of his West Country accent is credited with popularising the stereotypical pirate voice. Newton has become the saint of the annual International Talk Like a Pirate Day. Robert Guy Newton was born in Shaftesbury, Dorset, a son of the landscape painter Algernon Newton and he was educated in Lamorna near Penzance, Cornwall, then at Exeter School and St Bartholomews School in Newbury, Berkshire. His acting career began at the age of 16 at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre in 1921 and he followed this by performing in plays in the West End of London. He also appeared in Private Lives on Broadway, taking over the role from his friend Laurence Olivier, from 1932 to 1934, he was the manager of the Shilling Theatre in Fulham, London. In 1939, he played Horatio to Laurence Oliviers Hamlet at the Old Vic, in a production also included Alec Guinness. During the war he starred in the West End in No Orchids for Miss Blandish and his final performance on stage was in the 1950 production of Gaslight with Rosamund John at the Vaudeville Theatre. During World War II, Newton served in the Royal Navy on board HMS Britomart and he also starred in a number of notable films. There were also roles that displayed his versatility, in Alfred Hitchcocks film Jamaica Inn, he played a virtuous law officer. Newton appeared in roles in two films based on the novella The Vessel of Wrath by W. Somerset Maugham. He played the Dutch contrôleur in the 1938 version, and the role of Edward Ginger Ted Wilson in The Beachcomber. He starred as the Scottish hatter, James Brodie, in Hatters Castle and he also played Ancient Pistol in Laurence Oliviers 1944 film of Henry V and Lukey in Carol Reeds Odd Man Out, this performance was later immortalised in Harold Pinters play Old Times. A good example of Newton playing a lead role is Noël Cowards This Happy Breed directed by David Lean in 1944. He again played Long John Silver in a 1954 Australian-made film and it was shot at Pagewood Studios, Sydney and directed by Byron Haskin, who had directed Treasure Island. The company went on to make a 26-episode 1955 TV series, The Adventures of Long John Silver, while filming in Australia in 1954, Newton was declared bankrupt with debts in the UK of £47,000
41.
The Seventh Veil
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The Seventh Veil is a 1945 British melodrama film made by Ortus Films and released through General Film Distributors in the UK and Universal Pictures in the United States. It is about a woman who attempts suicide to escape a mans cruelties, Francesca Cunningham is a suicidal mental patient under the care of Dr. Larsen. Under hypnosis, Larsen leads her to describe her life events that brought her to attempt suicide, the film largely consists of a series of flashbacks in which Francesca talks about her life, removing successive veils to recover memories. Only her second cousin and guardian, Nicholas, a musician, is interested in her. Nicholas, though, is a man, faintly jealous of her talent and misogynistic. However, he is a brilliant music teacher who encourages Francesca to excel, at the Royal College of Music, Peter, an American studying in London, becomes romantically interested in Francesca. She completes her education and begins her career on the continent. Nicholas and Francesca return to Britain when she is invited to perform at the Royal Albert Hall, an artist, Maxwell Leyden, is invited by Nicholas to paint her portrait, they soon fall in love and agree to live together. Still apparently her guardian, Nicholas becomes angry at the news and she flees from him, but, while with Max, is involved in a serious car accident and suffers burns to her hands. Francesca becomes convinced she will never play again, after therapy — and now cured, according to Dr Larsen — Francesca realizes that Nicholas is her real love rather than Peter or Max. The film score was written by Benjamin Frankel with original works by Chopin, Mozart. Eileen Joyce, whose name does not appear in the credits, was the pianist who substituted for Todd on the soundtrack and she also made a short film for Todd to practise to, and even coached Todd personally in her arm movements. It is Joyces hands that are seen in all the close-ups, filmed on a relatively low budget of under £100,000, the film was the biggest British box-office success of its year. The film was entered into the 1946 Cannes Film Festival and won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1946, the film has the 10th top audience of all films,17.9 million, placing it above most modern box-office successes. The movie also earned over $1 million in rentals in North America, by July 1953, it had earned a reported £253,000 in the UK. In 1951, Ann Todd, Herbert Lom and Leo Genn appeared in an adaptation in London. In 2004, the British Film Institute compiled a list of the 100 biggest UK cinematic hits of all time based on audience figures, the Seventh Veil placed 10th in this list with an estimated attendance of 17.9 million people. Ray Milland and Ann Todd starred in the adaptation, the Seventh Veil was presented on Philip Morris Playhouse 3 February 1952
42.
Caught (1949 film)
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Caught is a 1949 American film noir directed by Max Ophüls, and starring James Mason, Barbara Bel Geddes and Robert Ryan. Caught was based on a novel by Libbie Block, child actor Jimmy Hawkins had a small role in the film. Young model Leonora Eames marries multimillionaire Smith Ohlrig, Ohlrig, though, is deranged and has not married for love. Eames insists several times that she married for love, but the film suggests that she is deluding herself. When Ohlrig becomes too abusive, she leaves him, penniless, to find a job at a clinic in a poor neighborhood. During a one-night reconciliation with Ohlrig, she becomes pregnant, Ohlrig seeks to use the child as leverage to force Leonora to return to him—purely to assert his own power, and not out of any love for her. When he has an attack of angina, Leonora refuses to help him swallow his medication, thinking shes caused his death, she calls Quinada for help and prematurely enters labor. Quinada rushes her to the hospital, but the baby is stillborn, with the baby lost, however, Ohlrig no longer has any leverage over Leonora, and she is now free to divorce him and marry Quinada. Rotten Tomatoes, an aggregator, reports that 100% of six surveyed critics gave the film a positive review. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times called it a very low-grade dime-store romance, variety wrote although the performances are topnotch, the story fails to lift it above romantic pulp fiction. In more modern reviews, J. Hoberman of The New York Times wrote, The filmmaking is brilliant in part because, like Bel Geddess deceptively modest performance, it is so apparently unassuming. Anthony Lane of The New Yorker called it a masterwork and wrote that Ohlrig is a concealed portrait of Howard Hughes. Club called it Ophüls best non-period film, chuck Bowen of Slant Magazine wrote that it is not as good as Ophüls later masterpieces, but it offers a damning portrait of middle-class American society as a large and merciless snare. Caught at the Internet Movie Database Caught at AllMovie Caught at the TCM Movie Database Caught film scene on YouTube
43.
UK
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
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