Democratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. Tracing its heritage back to Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's Democratic-Republican Party, the modern-day Democratic Party was founded around 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest active political party; the Democrats' dominant worldview was once social conservatism and economic liberalism, while populism was its leading characteristic in the rural South. In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt ran as a third-party candidate in the Progressive Party, beginning a switch of political platforms between the Democratic and Republican Party over the coming decades, leading to Woodrow Wilson being elected as the first fiscally progressive Democrat. Since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has promoted a social liberal platform, supporting social justice. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business and Southern conservative-populist anti-business wings.
The New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South. After the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most Southern whites and many Northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level; the once-powerful labor union element became less supportive after the 1970s. White Evangelicals and Southerners became Republican at the state and local level since the 1990s. People living in metropolitan areas, women and gender minorities, college graduates, racial and ethnic minorities in the United States, such as Jewish Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, Arab Americans and African Americans, tend to support the Democratic Party much more than they support the rival Republican Party; the Democratic Party's philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state.
It seeks to provide government regulation in the economy. These interventions, such as the introduction of social programs, support for labor unions, affordable college tuitions, moves toward universal health care and equal opportunity, consumer protection and environmental protection form the core of the party's economic policy. Fifteen Democrats have served as President of the United States; the first was President Andrew Jackson, the seventh president and served from 1829 to 1837. The most recent was President Barack Obama, the 44th president and held office from 2009 to 2017. Following the 2018 midterm elections, the Democrats held a majority in the House of Representatives, "trifectas" in 14 states, the mayoralty of numerous major American cities, such as Boston, Los Angeles, New York City, San Francisco, Portland and Washington, D. C. Twenty-three state governors were Democrats, the Party was the minority party in the Senate and in most state legislatures; as of March 2019, four of the nine Justices of the Supreme Court had been appointed by Democratic presidents.
Democratic Party officials trace its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and other influential opponents of the Federalists in 1792. That party inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party arose in the 1830s with the election of Andrew Jackson. Since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues, they have been more liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy, both parties have changed position several times; the Democratic Party evolved from the Jeffersonian Republican or Democratic-Republican Party organized by Jefferson and Madison in opposition to the Federalist Party of Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. The party favored republicanism; the Democratic-Republican Party came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812, the Federalists disappeared and the only national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans.
The era of one-party rule in the United States, known as the Era of Good Feelings, lasted from 1816 until the early 1830s, when the Whig Party became a national political group to rival the Democratic-Republicans. However, the Democratic-Republican Party still had its own internal factions, they split over the choice of a successor to President James Monroe and the party faction that supported many of the old Jeffersonian principles, led by Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren, became the modern Democratic Party. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828: Jacksonians believed the people's will had prevailed. Through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president; the Democrats became the nation's first well-organized national party and tight party organization became the hallmark of nineteenth-century American politics. Opposing factions led by Henry Clay helped form the Whig Party; the Democratic Party had a small yet decisive advantage over the Whigs until the 1850s, when the Whigs fell apart over the issue of slavery.
In 1854, angry with the Kansas–Nebraska Act, anti-slavery Dem
Ellicott City, Maryland
Ellicott City is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in, the county seat of, Howard County, United States. Part of the Baltimore metropolitan area, its population was 65,834 at the 2010 census, qualifying it as the largest unincorporated county seat in the country. Ellicott City's historic downtown – the Ellicott City Historic District – lies in the valleys of the Tiber and Patapsco rivers; the historic district includes the Ellicott City Station, the oldest surviving train station in the United States, having been built in 1830 as the first terminus of the original B&O Railroad line. The historic district is called "Historic Ellicott City" or "Old Ellicott City" to distinguish it from the surrounding suburbs that extend south to Columbia and west to West Friendship. In 1766, James Hood used the "Maryland Mill Act of 1669" to condemn 20 acres for a mill site adjacent to his river-side 157-acre property, his gristmill was built on the banks of the Patapsco River where the Frederick road crossed the river.
The site was known as "Ellicott's Upper Mills". His son Benjamin rebuilt the corn grinding mill after one of the frequent Patapsco floods in 1768. Benjamin Hood sold the mill to Joseph Ellicott in 1774 for 1,700 pounds. In years the B&O Railroad ran through the property, with track laid over the graves of the Hood family. On 24 April 1771, three Quaker brothers from Bucks County, north of Philadelphia, chose the picturesque wilderness several miles upriver from Elk Ridge Landing, the uppermost part of the river navigable by tobacco-loading sailing merchant ships in the 18th century, to establish a flour mill, purchasing 50 acres of Baltimore County land from Emanuel Teal and 35 acres from William Williams. In 1775 they expanded their holdings with 30.5 acres from Hood's Mill. John and Joseph Ellicott founded "Ellicott's Mills", which became one of the largest milling and manufacturing towns in the East. Nathaniel sold his partnership in 1777, Joseph sold all but his Hood's Mill ownership the next year.
The town retained the name "Ellicott's Mills" when the U. S. Postal stop opened on October 7, 1797; the Ellicott brothers constructed sawmills, stables, an oil mill, a grain distillery, grain mills. They helped revolutionize farming in the area by persuading farmers to plant wheat instead of tobacco and by introducing Plaster of Paris fertilizer to revitalize depleted soil; the Ellicotts produced the product until a fire on 11 January 1809. Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence, a rare Roman Catholic and a wealthy landowner with the largest fortune in colonial America, was an early influential convert from tobacco to wheat. By 1830, the founders' families could no longer support operations as "Ellicott and Company" or "Johnathan Ellicott and Sons". By 1840, the Ellicott family sold off their interests in the two flour mills, the granite quarry, the saw mill and plaster mill. In 1830, Ellicott's Mills became the first terminus of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad outside Baltimore, the first commercially operated cargo and passenger railroad in the country.
The B&O was organized in 1827 and had its "first stone" laid the following year with major ceremonies on July 4, Independence Day, with the beginning of construction. The Ellicott City Station, built on an embankment across the corner of the town and along the Patapsco River and intersecting Tiber Creek stream, with its "Oliver Viaduct", named for a B&O board member Robert Oliver crossing over the National Road of large blocks of locally quarried gray granite, stands today as a living history museum, has been designated a National Historic Landmark by the U. S. Department of the Interior, administered by the National Park Service, it bears the designation as the "Oldest surviving railroad station in America". In 1829, New York industrialist and Baltimore foundry-owner Peter Cooper began testing his iron steam engine, Tom Thumb, on the B&O Railway; this was the first time a steam locomotive was used to transport persons over rails in the United States. The famous race between Tom Thumb and a horse-drawn rail carriage took place between Relay Junction on the return trip from Ellicott's Mills towards Baltimore in August 1830.
Though the horse won the race due to a sudden broken drive belt on the Tom Thumb, it heralded the time when steam engines improved, the soon-to-be steam-operated railroad became a vital link in the town's economy and expanding to the city of Baltimore's economic supremacy along with the state in the nation. The site of the Howard County Courthouse, built from 1840–1843 in the former western Howard District of Anne Arundel County, was so designated for the new temporary district in 1839, continued and was expanded when Howard County became an official independent jurisdiction in 1851, as one of the 23 counties in the state of Maryland; the town in 1851 was in a spate of depression as low costs shut the Maryland Machine Manufacturing Company. Over 80 vacant dwellings lined the Howard County side of the river. By 1861, Ellicott's Mills was manufacturing area. At the start of the Civil War in April 19, 1861, "Gaithers Raiders", part of the Confederate "Howard County Dragoons" from Oakland Manor, marched through Ellicott's Mills to Baltimore, responding to the Baltimore riot of 1861, before heading south to join J. E. B.
Stuart. That month, Union Army troops seized the "Winans Steam Gun", en route to Harpers Ferry, Vi
Daniels, Maryland
Daniels is a ghost town straddling the Patapsco River east of Woodstock and north of Old Ellicott City in Baltimore County and Howard County, United States. It is the location of a site listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it is the home town of State Senator James N. Robey. A postal office operated in the community from 1 March 1943 to 31 August 1971; the original settlement that would become the town of Daniels formed in 1810 when the family of Thomas Ely came to the area and built a textile mill. The community around the mill was known as Elysville. In 1853 the town was purchased by the family of James S. Gary and renamed to Alberton in honor of James's son Albert; the factory remained with the Gary family until 1940 when the Daniels Company bought the town and changed its name to Daniels. By the late 1960s 90 families lived in Daniels. In 1968, the town's owner, the C. R. Daniels Company, gave notice to the remaining residents that it would close all housing within a few years.
In June 1972, tropical storm Agnes rolled through the Patapsco River Valley and destroyed most of the remaining empty buildings in Daniels. Views of Daniels, Maryland Daniels Mill Elysville, Maryland Alberton, Maryland YouTube video flyover of Daniels C. R. Daniels Co. History Daniels Mill, Howard County, including photo from 1968, at Maryland Historical Trust
Robert J. Garagiola
Robert J. Garagiola is an American lawyer and former politician from the state of Maryland. A Democrat, he had represented District 15 in north-western Montgomery County in the Maryland State Senate. Garagiola was born in Michigan to Ken and Marge Garagiola. In 1979, he and his family moved to the suburbs of Indiana. In 1981, his family moved to the suburbs of Missouri. At age 10, his family moved, again, to a northern suburb of San Diego. On September 5, 1988, his family moved once more to New Jersey. After graduating from Ocean City High School in 1990, Rob attended Rutgers College in New Brunswick, New Jersey. In 1994, he received his B. S. in Political Science. During his years as an undergraduate, Rob joined Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, served as the Rutgers Chapter president in 1993 and District 1 Archon from 1994 to 1995, he is a graduate of The George Washington University Law School. In 1994, Rob moved to Germantown, with his college girlfriend. Shortly thereafter, they had three children, he was a U.
S. Army Reserves paratrooper, 1995-2001, attaining the rank of sergeant, he was entitled to wear Commendation Medal. He was admitted to the bar in 2001, is licensed to practice in law in Maryland, the District of Columbia, before the U. S. Supreme Court, United States District Court for the District of Maryland, the U. S. Court of Appeals, 4th Circuit, he practices Business Law, Real estate law, Employment Law. After his separation in 2011 and divorce, he remarried in 2013. Garagiola was elected to the Maryland Senate in 2002, re-elected in 2006, 2010 and served until September 1, 2013, he was Deputy Majority Leader, Majority Leader. He was Senate Chair for the Joint Committee on Children and Families, sat on the Finance Committee, he was the Senate Chair of the Joint Committee on Health Care Delivery and Financing and Chairman of the Senate Democratic Caucus 2007–2011. Bloggers speculated Garagiola might become a candidate for Congress in Maryland's 8th congressional district should current Congressman Chris Van Hollen seek another office.
On November 1, 2011, Garagiola announced his run for the newly redistricted Maryland's 6th congressional district, held by 10-term incumbent Republican Roscoe G. Bartlett, he secured endorsements from Governor Martin O'Malley, Senate President Thomas V. Mike Miller Jr. and House Minority Whip Steny H. Hoyer. In the primary election of April 3, 2012 he lost by 17% to a political newcomer John K. Delaney, who had the Washington Post's endorsement. On June 5, 2013, Garagiola announced that he would resign his Senate seat effective September 1 of the same year; as he retired before the end of his term, Brian Feldman was appointed to fill his seat for the remainder of the term
University of Maryland University College
The University of Maryland University College is a public university focused on online education and headquartered in Adelphi, Maryland. UMUC offers classes and programs on campus in its Academic Center in Largo and at satellite campuses across the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area, throughout Maryland, in Europe, the Middle East, Asia. UMUC serves over 90,000 students worldwide and is one of the largest distance-learning institutions in the world. UMUC is open to all applicants, with a 100 percent acceptance rate for undergraduate programs; the university offers 120 academic programs in instructor-led and online classes, including bachelor's, master's, doctoral degrees, as well as undergraduate and graduate certificates. UMUC is a member of the University System of Maryland, which includes eleven separate public universities in Maryland. University of Maryland University College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. UMUC is an outgrowth of the evening program for adults at the University of Maryland, which began in the 1920s.
In 1947, the College of Special and Continuation Studies was established. In 1959, The CSCS became the University of Maryland University College. In 1970, UMUC became an independent institution, it became a member of the University System of Maryland in 1988. UMUC had an international campus in Schwäbisch Gmünd, until 2002, it ran a two-year residential campus in Munich, from 1950 to 1992, which moved to Augsburg, from 1993 to 1994, to Mannheim, Germany, in 1995 until it closed in 2005. The residential campus offered a two-year associate degree and served high school graduate children of U. S. military and government personnel stationed in Europe. UMUC offers courses on over 130 military installations at locations throughout Europe and the Middle East, as well as in Asia. In 2004, UMUC shared the ICDE Prize of Excellence from the International Council for Open and Distance Education. In FY 2007, UMUC offered onsite classes in 22 countries throughout the world, enrolling 16,908 and 21,554 individual students through its Asia and Europe divisions, including the Middle East.
UMUC is a college in the traditional American sense of the word, albeit one associated with a university—hence, "University College." The "University of Maryland" prefix indicates the historical entity to which the college belonged originally. In the university's name, "University College" represents "the specialized concentration on professional development," while "University of Maryland" represents the affiliation of the university with the University System of Maryland. To American ears, the words university and college may seem synonymous, "University College" would be redundant in its name. Among the collegiate universities of Europe, the practice of giving one college in the university the name "University College" is not uncommon. In England, for example, one of the 39 colleges of the University of Oxford is called University College, Oxford as well as University College London, part of the University of London; when UMUC first opened in 1947, the school was named College of Special and Continuation Studies to distinguish it as an institution independent from the University of Maryland, College Park.
In 1953, Raymond Ehrensberger, chancellor of the institution at that time, wanted to change the name to something more meaningful and less cumbersome for people to say and remember. Early suggestions for the name included College of General Studies, College of Adult Education and University College. In 1959, Chancellor Ehrensberger persuaded the University System of Maryland's Board of Regents to change the name to University of Maryland University College; the name "University College" was adopted from the British university system to depict an educational institution offering "courses and programs from all academic departments outside the university's walls and normal class times." Therefore, UMUC is not a division of the University of Maryland, College Park, but rather a separate institution within the University System of Maryland. In 2019, the University announced a proposal to change its name to "University of Maryland, Global Campus" as part of a half-billion dollar national marketing campaign to expand the school’s global outreach.
The name change request was submitted as SB 201 and HB 319 in the 2019 regular session of the Maryland General Assembly. UMUC is one of the largest providers of distance education in the United States. Courses are delivered in traditional classroom settings, as well as online. Before the advent of online education by way of the World Wide Web, UMUC was a distance education pioneer and offered distance learning using its WebTycho interface by way of dial-up access. UMUC adopted the use of the Web for connectivity to its online classrooms, as well as using television and correspondence courses to deliver course content. Undergraduate School Graduate School The Undergraduate School offers 32 bachelor's degree programs and 48 undergraduate certificates, awarded in business management, computers/information technology, criminal justice/legal studies, social sciences. Undergraduate students can earn credit through classroom-based and online courses or through the Cooperative Education and Prior Learning programs.
The Undergraduate program serves as a continuation of the Community Colleges of Maryland and elsewhere. The Cooperative Education and Prior Learning programs offer an escalated degree option for education and training completed in the workplace or military; this program provides general education credits that can be applied towards a degree at UMUC. The Graduate School offers 18 master's degree programs, 38 graduate certificate
George Howard (Governor of Maryland)
George Howard was the 22nd Governor of the State of Maryland in the United States from 1831 to 1833. Howard was well known as a fervent anti-Jacksonian during his term in office, he was the only son of a governor to have been elected governor. He was born on November 21, 1789, in the Governor’s Mansion in Annapolis, the second son of Gov. John Eager Howard and Margaret Oswald "Peggy" Chew; the family lived at "Belvidere" in Baltimore County, Maryland where he was educated by tutors. On December 26, 1811, he married Prudence Gough Ridgely, a daughter of Gov. Charles Carnan Ridgely of Hampton and Priscilla Dorsey. Priscilla descended from the Dorsey family of Maryland, they received "Waverly" near Maryland as a wedding gift from his father. They had fourteen children. At "Waverly," he led the life of a country farmer, he was elected a member of the Governor’s Council in January 1831 and worked with his predecessor Daniel Martin. When Gov. Martin died in July 1831, Howard, as President of the Council, succeeded him, taking the oath of office on July 22 of that year.
When Martin’s unexpired term ended in January 1832, the Maryland General Assembly elected Howard for a full-year term, receiving 64 of the 82 ballots cast. Howard advocated the establishment of a State Bank, opposed the doctrine of nullification, was a foe of lotteries, urged the endowment of Maryland colleges. Alexis de Tocqueville, the author of Democracy in America, described Howard in 1831 in his journal following several meetings as "... the son of the famous Colonel Howard and the representative of one of the oldest families. All of these gentlemen are ordinary individuals and evidently owe their elevation to their names." Howard held many slaves, but he was receptive to the movement to colonize free Negroes in Africa, telling the legislature "The prosecution of this system may at some distant day, tend to the restoration of the whole of our colored population, to the land of their forefathers." In June 1842, Howard created and served as chair to the Maryland Slave-Holders Convention with Charles Carroll, Allen Thomas, CD Warfield, Upton Welsh, Benjamin Howard, Wesley Linthicum, William H Worthington as representatives from the Howard district of Anne Arundel County.
Howard retired to "Waverly" following the end of his term. He served as a presidential elector in 1840, when he supported the Whig candidate, he died at his home on August 2, 1846, was buried first in the family burial ground at "Waverly." His remains were removed to the Western Cemetery. His body was again removed, he is believed to be buried in the Howard family vault at Old Saint Paul's Cemetery in Baltimore, where his father John Eager Howard is buried. Howard left "Waverly" to his wife, along with 22 slaves, she willed the estate to the couple's oldest son, George, Jr.. George Howard was painted by C. Gregory Stapko, his wife, Prudence Dorsey, was painted by Philip Tilyard. Her portrait can be found in the collection of Hampton National Historic Site HAMP 5662. George Howard at Find a Grave
Quantico, Virginia
Quantico is a town in Prince William County, United States. The population was 480 at the 2010 census. Quantico is located just south of the Quantico Creek; the word Quantico is a derivation of the name of a Doeg village recorded by English colonists as Pamacocack. Quantico is surrounded on three sides by one of the largest U. S. Marine Corps bases, Marine Corps Base Quantico; the base is the site of the Marine Corps Combat Development Command and HMX-1, Officer Candidate School, The Basic School. The United States Drug Enforcement Administration's training academy, the FBI Academy, the FBI Laboratory, the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, the United States Army Criminal Investigation Command, the Air Force Office of Special Investigations headquarters are on the base. A replica of the USMC War Memorial stands at the entrance to the base; as of 2013, the mayor is Kevin P. Brown. Quantico is at 38 ° 77 ° 17' 23" West. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.1 square miles, of which, 0.1 square miles of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.
Quantico has a humid subtropical climate. As of the census of 2000, there were 561 people, 295 households, 107 families living in the town; the population density was 7,811.2 inhabitants per square mile. There were 359 housing units at an average density of 4,998.6 per square mile. The racial makeup was 61.32% White, 20.32% African American, 10.16% Asian, 0.36% Native American, 2.32% from other races, 5.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.53% of the population. There were 295 households out of which 19.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 21.4% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 63.4% were non-families. 53.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.2% had someone living alone, 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.90 and the average family size was 3.02. In the town the population was spread out with 20.9% under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 39.8% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, 8.4% who were 65 years of age or older.
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 122.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 130.1 males. The median income for a household in the town was $26,250, the median income for a family was $27,596. Males had a median income of $29,615 versus $23,125 for females; the per capita income for the town was $19,087. About 22.4% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.4% of those under the age of 18 and none of those ages 65 or older. There are no significant highways passing through Quantico. All road vehicles must pass through MCB Quantico. Therefore, all vehicle drivers must present a valid driver’s license to the military security officer stationed at the gate, may be required to state their destination and reason for visiting. More thorough searches and checks may be undertaken, according to the discretion and authority of base security. Amtrak and Virginia Railway Express trains stop at the Quantico station. Railway passengers are not subject to the same treatment as those using road vehicles.
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