1.
Savannah, Georgia
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Savannah is the oldest city in the U. S. state of Georgia and is the county seat of Chatham County. Established in 1733 on the Savannah River, the city of Savannah became the British colonial capital of the Province of Georgia, a strategic port city in the American Revolution and during the American Civil War, Savannah is today an industrial center and an important Atlantic seaport. It is Georgias fifth-largest city and third-largest metropolitan area, Downtown Savannah largely retains the original town plan prescribed by founder James Oglethorpe. Savannah was the host city for the sailing competitions during the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta. On February 12,1733, General James Oglethorpe and settlers from the ship Anne landed at Yamacraw Bluff and were greeted by Tomochichi, the Yamacraws, Mary Musgrove often served as an interpreter. The city of Savannah was founded on that date, along with the colony of Georgia, in 1751, Savannah and the rest of Georgia became a Royal Colony and Savannah was made the colonial capital of Georgia. By the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, Savannah had become the southernmost commercial port of the Thirteen Colonies, British troops took the city in 1778, and the following year a combined force of American and French soldiers failed to rout the British at the Siege of Savannah. The British did not leave the city until July 1782, Savannah, a prosperous seaport throughout the nineteenth century, was the Confederacys sixth most populous city and the prime objective of General William T. Shermans March to the Sea. Early on December 21,1864, local authorities negotiated a surrender to save Savannah from destruction. Savannah was named for the Savannah River, which derives from variant names for the Shawnee. The Shawnee destroyed another Native people, the Westo, and occupied their lands at the head of the Savannah Rivers navigation on the fall line and these Shawnee, whose Native name was Ša·wano·ki, were known by several local variants, including Shawano, Savano, Savana and Savannah. Still other theories suggest that the name Savannah originates from Algonquian terms meaning not only southerners, Savannah lies on the Savannah River, approximately 20 mi upriver from the Atlantic Ocean. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 108.7 square miles. Savannah is the port on the Savannah River and the largest port in the state of Georgia. It is also located near the U. S. Intracoastal Waterway, Georgias Ogeechee River flows toward the Atlantic Ocean some 16 miles south of downtown Savannah. Savannahs climate is classified as humid subtropical, in the Deep South, this is characterized by long and almost tropical summers and short, mild winters. Savannah records few days of freezing temperatures each year, due to its proximity to the Atlantic coast, Savannah rarely experiences temperatures as extreme as those in Georgias interior. Nevertheless, the temperatures have officially ranged from 105 °F, on July 20,1986, down to 3 °F
2.
James Dunwoody Bulloch
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James Dunwoody Bulloch was the Confederacys chief foreign agent in Great Britain during the American Civil War. Based in Liverpool, he operated blockade runners and commerce raiders that provided the Confederacy with its source of hard currency. Bulloch arranged for the purchase of Confederate cotton, and the despatch of armaments. His secret service funds are alleged to have used for the planning of Lincoln’s assassination. Bulloch’s half-sister Martha was the mother of U. S. President Theodore Roosevelt, James D. Bulloch was born in 1823 on his familys plantation near Savannah, Georgia, to Major James Stephens Bulloch and Hester Amarintha Elliot. After Hester died, Major Bulloch enrolled his son in a school in Hartford. The elder Bulloch married Martha Stewart, in May 1832 and she had been the second wife and widow of Senator John Elliott. James S. and Martha Bulloch had four children, Anna Bulloch, Martha Mittie Bulloch, Charles Irvine Bulloch, in 1838, Major Bulloch moved his family to Cobb County, in the Piedmont, to become a partner with Roswell King in a new cotton mill there. In what would become Roswell, Georgia, he had a home built, with the labor of craftsmen. When it was completed in 1839, the moved into Bulloch Hall. James S. Bulloch, who was also a planter, had an amount of land in cotton cultivation. After he died in 1849, Mrs. Bulloch held 31 enslaved African-Americans, James Dunwoody Bulloch married Elizabeth Caskie in 1851. After her early death, he married Mrs. Hariott Cross Foster, Bulloch served in the United States Navy for about 15 years before resigning his commission to join a private shipping company in 1854. When the Southern states seceded from the Union and the Civil War began in 1861, in April 1861 while his ship was in New Orleans, Bulloch offered to assist the Confederate States of America. When he returned to New York, he found a letter from C. S. A, attorney General Judah P. Benjamin accepting his offer and ordering him to Montgomery, Alabama, for his assignment. James D. Bulloch soon became a Confederate secret agent and their most dangerous man in Europe, in less than two months after the attack on Fort Sumter, Bulloch arrived at Liverpool, England, and established a base of operations there. Britain was officially neutral in the conflict between North and South, but private and public sentiment favored the Confederacy, Britain was also willing to buy all the cotton that could be smuggled past the Union blockade, which provided the South with its only real source of revenue. Bulloch arranged for the construction and secret purchase of the commerce raider CSS Alabama and he arranged for cotton to be converted to hard currency, which he in turn used to purchase war materiel - including arms and ammunition, uniforms, and naval supplies
3.
Martha Bulloch Roosevelt
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Martha Bulloch Mittie Roosevelt was an American socialite. She was also the mother of US President Theodore Roosevelt and the grandmother of Eleanor Roosevelt. She was a great-granddaughter of Archibald Bulloch, grandniece of William Bellinger Bulloch, a true southern belle, she is thought to have been one of the inspirations for Scarlett OHara. Mittie was born in Hartford, Connecticut on July 8,1835 to Major James Stephens Bulloch and she had an elder sister, Anna Louisa Bulloch, and two younger brothers, Charles Irvine Bulloch and Civil War Confederate veteran Irvine Stephens Bulloch. When Mittie was four, Major Bulloch moved the family to Cobb County, Georgia and the new village that would become Roswell, Georgia. It lies just north of the Chattahoochee River and the city of Atlanta, Georgia, and Major Bulloch had gone there to become a partner in a new mill with Roswell King. Bulloch had a built, and soon after it was completed in 1839. As a significant antebellum structure, it has listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Bullochs were a wealthy family, members of the Georgia elite. In 1850, they held thirty-one negro slaves, most of whom worked in their cotton fields, others were assigned to such domestic tasks as cooking, sewing, and related work. Recent research in Bulloch records identified 33 slaves who were owned by the family and they have been commemorated on a plaque on the mansion grounds. Mittie, like all her siblings, was assigned a slave, or a shadow. Mitties companion, Lavinia, for example, went everywhere with her, stopping outside the classroom when Mittie went inside, for the family, the stress was on the pleasure of the companionship rather than on the hostage implications in the arrangement. After Major Bullochs death in 1849, the familys fortunes declined somewhat, later, as was expected of young southern gentlemen, Mitties brothers Irvine and James fought in the Civil War as Confederate officers. They both lived in England after the war and her brother Dan also fought as a Confederate but was killed in action. It is believed by some that the character of Scarlett OHara, in Margaret Mitchells novel, Mittie was a true southern belle, a beautiful and spirited woman at her best, not unlike the fictional Scarlett. Mitchell had, in fact, interviewed Mitties closest childhood friend and bridesmaid, Evelyn King, in that interview, Mitties beauty, charm, and fun-loving nature were described in detail. Before Theodore arrived in Georgia for the ceremony, she taunted him with the fact that she was receiving attention from other men and it was her right, she insisted, even as an engaged woman to dance with whomever she pleased
4.
Irvine Bulloch
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Irvine Stephens Bulloch was an officer in the Confederate Navy and the youngest officer on the famed warship CSS Alabama. He fired its last shot before it was sunk off the coast of France at the end of the American Civil War and he was a half-brother of James Dunwoody Bulloch and a full brother of socialite Martha Stewart Mittie Bulloch. Mittie was the mother of future U. S. President Theodore Roosevelt, Irvine Stephens Bulloch was born in Roswell, Georgia to Major James Stephens Bulloch and Martha Patsy Stewart. His family had moved to Roswell, Georgia in 1838, and he grew up in the antebellum mansion. Irvine and his elder half-brother James Dunwoody Bulloch served as Confederates in the Civil War, patsys father was General Daniel Stewart. In 1861 Bulloch served as a midshipman aboard the CSS Nashville, the Nashville returned to the Confederate States of America, and the James River Squadron, where she was renamed the Rattlesnake. Midshipman Bulloch was then posted to England for foreign service and he served with distinction aboard the CSS Alabama and his nephew, President Theodore Roosevelt, maintained that Irvine fired the last two shots from that vessel. After the loss of the Alabama, Irvine returned to Liverpool and was sent out on the Laurel in October 1864 to join the Shenandoah as sailing master and it was Irvine who navigated the Shenandoah from just off San Francisco back to Liverpool, arriving on November 6,1865. Denied amnesty, Irvine remained in Liverpool after the war, working as a merchant with his brother as the Bullochs realized that they could not return to the U. S. In 1869, when his sister Mittie and the Roosevelt family toured Europe, although T. R. at first seem to show no interest in his uncles exploits, he was no johnny-come-lately to naval topics and history. In fact, Bullochs nephews childhood had been filled with stories told him by Bullochs sister, Mittie. T. R. would write that his mother used to talk to me as a little shaver about ships, ships, ships and the fighting of ships, until they sank into the depths of my soul. Indeed, right in the middle of classes on mathematics at Harvard, T. R. s mind would wander from his tedious course work to the accomplishments of the infant U. S. Navy, the clash of the fighting tops. When T. R. s father took the family on their tour in 1869, TR spent time with those uncles in Liverpool. When the Southern states left the Union and the Civil War began in 1861, with these developments, the two brothers decided to serve the southern cause. Irvine fought against the U. S. government long after the surrender of General Lee and he fired the last gun on the cruiser CSS Alabama before it went down in the harbor of Cherbourg, France. Irvine Bullochs sword is in the Merseyside Maritime Museums collection in Liverpool and it was seen by his nephew Theodore Roosevelt and wife Edith Carow Roosevelt during their visit to the city. At the same museum, it was of his gallant uncle that President Roosevelt spoke with affection, Irvine lived in Sydenham Avenue, Liverpool, and died at the age of 56 at Selby Tower, Llandrillo-yn-Rhos, Colwyn Bay, Wales
5.
Archibald Bulloch
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Archibald Bulloch was a lawyer, soldier, and statesman from Georgia during the American Revolution. He was also the great-grandfather of Martha Bulloch Roosevelt, and the great-great-grandfather of Theodore Roosevelt, Bulloch was born and educated in Charleston, South Carolina, the son of James Bulloch and Jean Stobo Bulloch. He began to practice law in South Carolina and was commissioned as a lieutenant in the South Carolina militia and his family moved to Georgia in 1758, and Bulloch moved to Savannah, Georgia, in 1764. He was elected to the Commons House of Assembly of Georgia in 1768, Bulloch was an early supporter of the revolution in Georgia as a member of the Friends of Liberty. He served as President of the 1st and 2nd Provincial Congresses of Georgia, there, he won John Adamss praise for his Abilities and Fortitude. In the Continental Congress, he was a member of the Secret Committee, speaking to the Provincial Congress, Bulloch said, This is no time to talk of moderation, in the present instance it ceases to be a virtue. Bulloch is also recorded as having been a Freemason in Georgia and his name is listed on the 1779 Masonic rolls of Solomons Lodge No.1 at Savannah along with George Walton, John Adam Treutlen, James Jackson, Nathaniel Pendelton, and General Samuel Elbert. Bulloch would have been a signer of the Declaration of Independence, in 1776, Bulloch fought under the command of Colonel Lachlan McIntosh in the Battle of the Rice Boats and the Battle of Tybee Island. On June 20,1776, he was chosen to be the first President, when he signed the state constitution on February 20,1777, his position transferred from president to governor of Georgia. He was thus Georgias first chief executive under a constitutional government. Bulloch died in Savannah while preparing to defend against the British invasion of Georgia in 1777, there is some speculation that he was poisoned, though this has never been proven. His death was a blow, as his was the only leadership that united the Whig factions in the troubled young state. He is buried in Savannahs Colonial Park Cemetery and his son William Bellinger Bulloch later represented Georgia in the United States Senate. Archibalds great-great-grandson was President Theodore Roosevelt and his great-great-great granddaughter was First Lady of the United States Eleanor Roosevelt. Theodore Roosevelts son Archibald was named after his ancestor, Bulloch County, Georgia, was named in his honor. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, article in New Georgia Encyclopedia Archibald Bulloch historical marker
6.
William Bellinger Bulloch
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Bulloch was born in Savannah, Georgia, the youngest son of Archibald Bulloch. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in Savannah in 1797, in 1804, he was appointed United States district attorney. He was elected as mayor of Savannah in 1812 and alderman in 1814, during the War of 1812, he served in the Savannah Heavy Artillery, a militia unit charged with defending the Georgia coast. After the war, he served in a series of positions in Georgia, solicitor general of the State, collector of customs, Georgia House of Representatives. Additionally, he was one of the founders of the State Bank of Georgia and he owned a number of slaves. In 1830, he owned 7 slaves, in 1840, he owned 20 slaves. In 1850, he owned 44 slaves, Bulloch died in Savannah in 1852 and was buried in Laurel Grove Cemetery in that same city. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
7.
Theodore Roosevelt
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Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was an American statesman, author, explorer, soldier, naturalist, and reformer who served as the 26th president of the United States from 1901 to 1909. As a leader of the Republican Party during this time, he became a force for the Progressive Era in the United States in the early 20th century. Born a sickly child with debilitating asthma, Roosevelt successfully overcame his health problems by embracing a strenuous lifestyle and he integrated his exuberant personality, vast range of interests, and world-famous achievements into a cowboy persona defined by robust masculinity. Home-schooled, he began a lifelong naturalist avocation before attending Harvard College and his first of many books, The Naval War of 1812, established his reputation as both a learned historian and as a popular writer. Upon entering politics, he became the leader of the faction of Republicans in New Yorks state legislature. Returning a war hero, he was elected governor of New York in 1898, the state party leadership distrusted him, so they took the lead in moving him to the prestigious but powerless role of vice presidential candidate as McKinleys running mate in the election of 1900. Roosevelt campaigned vigorously across the country, helping McKinleys re-election in a victory based on a platform of peace, prosperity. Following the assassination of President McKinley in September 1901, Roosevelt succeeded to the office at age 42, making conservation a top priority, he established a myriad of new national parks, forests, and monuments intended to preserve the nations natural resources. In foreign policy, he focused on Central America, where he began construction of the Panama Canal and he greatly expanded the United States Navy and sent the Great White Fleet on a world tour to project the United States naval power around the globe. His successful efforts to end the Russo-Japanese War won him the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize, elected in 1904 to a full term, Roosevelt continued to promote progressive policies, but many of his efforts and much of his legislative agenda were eventually blocked in Congress. Roosevelt successfully groomed his close friend, William Howard Taft, to succeed him in the presidency, after leaving office, Roosevelt went on safari in Africa and toured Europe. Returning to the United States, he became frustrated with Tafts approach, failing to win the Republican presidential nomination in 1912, Roosevelt founded his own party, the Progressive, so-called Bull Moose Party, and called for wide-ranging progressive reforms. The split among Republicans enabled the Democrats to win both the White House and a majority in the Congress in 1912, Republicans aligned with Taft nationally would control the Republican Party for decades. Frustrated at home, Roosevelt led an expedition to the Amazon basin. During World War I, he opposed President Woodrow Wilson for keeping the country out of the war, and offered his military services, although planning to run again for president in 1920, Roosevelt suffered deteriorating health and died in early 1919. Roosevelt has consistently ranked by scholars as one of the greatest American presidents. Historians admire Roosevelt for rooting out corruption in his administration, but are critical of his 1909 libel lawsuits against the World and his face was carved into Mount Rushmore, alongside those of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was born on October 27,1858, at East 20th Street in New York City and he was the second of four children born to socialite Martha Stewart Mittie Bulloch and glass businessman and philanthropist Theodore Roosevelt Sr
8.
Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt
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Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt was an American socialite. He was the father of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and the brother of Theodore Roosevelt. Elliott and Theodore were of the Oyster Bay Roosevelts, Eleanor later married their Hyde Park distant cousin Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Elliott was the third of the four children of Theodore Roosevelt Sr. and Martha Stewart Mittie Bulloch. In addition to elder brother Theodore Jr. he had a sister named Corinne and an elder sister named Anna. Mitties brothers Irvine and James were Civil War Confederate veterans who accompanied Elliott when he left Europe in 1892 to admit himself into an asylum in Virginia, Elliott had a competitive relationship with his older brother. As an Oyster Bay Roosevelt, and through his ancestor Cornelius Van Schaack, at a young age, Elliott was academically more successful than Theodore, however, he was eventually surpassed by his older brother. This competition would continue into the generation with their own daughters. Elliott enrolled at St Pauls School in Concord, New Hampshire in September 1875 and he performed well academically though had to soon withdraw and return home after unexpectedly falling ill. Elliott maintained a charming and winsome personality all his life, which masked a growing drinking problem that started at a young age, Elliott was Theodores best man on October 27,1880, on Theodores first marriage to Alice Hathaway Lee. In 1883, Elliott married Anna Rebecca Hall, the eldest daughter of Valentine Gill Hall, Jr. and Mary Livingston Ludlow, on December 1,1883, in Calvary Church in Gramercy Park, New York City. Due to his problem, Elliott was exiled to Abingdon, Virginia. Eleanor later recalled that on his horseback riding expeditions with the young children in Virginia. On occasion, he would, to the jubilation of Eleanor, Theodore Roosevelt became the conservator for his spendthrift brother. At the age of 34, Elliott attempted suicide by jumping out a window, he survived the initial fall, at the time of his death, his alcoholism had escalated such that he was consuming numerous bottles of Champagne and brandy each day. Elliott fathered a son with Catherine Katy Mann, a servant girl employed by Anna. His brother sent a detective who specialized in likenesses to look at the child, the sum was placed in a trust, but according to the Manns the child never received a dime, the money having apparently been looted by Katys lawyers. There was some correspondence between Eleanor Roosevelt and her half-brother Elliott Roosevelt Mann
9.
Corinne Roosevelt Robinson
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Corinne Roosevelt was an American poet, writer, lecturer, and public speaker. She was also the sister of former President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt. Her siblings were Anna, Theodore Jr. and Elliott, as an Oyster Bay Roosevelt Corinne was a descendant of the Schuyler family. She received most of her education from private tutors, Corinne was best friends with Edith Kermit Carow, her brother T. R. s second wife and later the First Lady of the United States. Theodore Sr. was a supporter of the North during the Civil War, mitties home state was Georgia, and she had moved to New York only because of her marriage to Theodore. Mitties brothers were members of the Confederate Navy, Robinson began writing at an early age, through the encouragement of her friends, in particular Edith Wharton who helped critique her poetry. In 1911, Robinson published her first poem, The Call of Brotherhood and her first book of poems of the same title was published in 1912. This volume was followed by One Woman to Another and Other Poems dedicated to her daughter, also named Corinne, commemorating the loss of Robinsons brother Elliott and son. Other volumes of poetry by Robinson include Service and Sacrifice dedicated to her brother Theodore Roosevelt, The Poems of Corinne Roosevelt Robinson and she also wrote the prose memoir My Brother Theodore Roosevelt. Robinson was a member of the committee of the Republican National Committee. After Wood lost the nomination to Harding, Robinson came out strongly for Harding and his vice-presidential candidate, in the 1924 election, she served as a member of Coolidges advisory committee. Also in 1924, she wrote a letter to The New York Times commenting on the loss of her nephew, Theodore Roosevelt. During the 1932 election, she declined the designation of a Republican elector-at-large and she also stated that, You must understand why I cannot comment on the national campaign. My own beloved niece is the wife of the Democratic candidate and she is the daughter of the brother who was nearer to me in age than Theodore. For her I have the deepest affection and respect, so, much as I would like to pay the highest tribute to President Hoover, I cannot do so in this campaign. On April 29,1882, she married Douglas Robinson, Jr. son of Douglas Robinson, Sr. Robinsons maternal grandfather, James Monroe, a member of the House of Representatives, was the nephew of U. S. President James Monroe. Monroe Douglas Robinson Stewart Douglas Robinson, who committed suicide by jumping from his college dormitory window after a party, throughout the 1920s, Robinsons health failed her a number of times and she had a total of sixteen eye surgeries. Robinson died on February 17,1933, age 71, of pneumonia, in New York City, the bulk of her estate was divided among her three surviving children with smaller bequests made to grandchildren, nephews, friends and institutions
