1.
White Plains, New York
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White Plains is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is the county seat and commercial hub of Westchester, an affluent suburban county just north of New York City that is home to almost one million people, White Plains is located in south-central Westchester, with its downtown 25 miles north of Midtown Manhattan. As of 2013, the total population was estimated to be 57,866. According to the city government, the daytime population is estimated at 250,000. The city was ranked third in the top 10 places to live in New York for 2014, according to national online real estate brokerage Movoto. At the time of the Dutch settlement of Manhattan in the early 17th century, however, John Richbell of Mamaroneck claimed to have earlier title to much of the territory through his purchase of a far larger plot extending 20 miles inland, perhaps from a different tribe. The matter wasnt settled until 1721, when a Royal Patent for White Plains was granted by King George II, the unincorporated village remained part of the Town of Rye until 1788, when the town of White Plains was created. On July 9,1776, a copy of the Declaration of Independence was delivered to the New York Provincial Congress, the delegates quickly adopted a resolution approving the Declaration, thus declaring both the colonys independence and the formation of the State of New York. The Declaration itself was first publicly read from the steps of the courthouse on July 11, the Battle of White Plains took place primarily on Chatterton Hill, and the Bronx River. Howes forces had suffered 250 casualties, a loss, and he made no attempt to pursue the Continentals, whose casualties were about 125 dead. Three days after the battle Washington withdrew north of the village, but after several inconclusive skirmishes over the next week Howe withdrew on November 5, leaving White Plains to the Continentals. Although he was court-martialed and convicted for this action, he escaped punishment, the first United States Census, conducted in 1790, listed the White Plains population at 505, of whom 46 were slaves. By 1800, the population stood at 575 and in 1830,830, by 1870,26 years after the arrival of the New York Central Railroad, it had swollen to 2,630 and by 1890 to 4,508. In the decades that followed the count grew to 7,899 and 26,425, White Plains was incorporated as a village in 1866 and as a city in 1916. Early in the 20th century, White Plains downtown area developed into a dominant suburban shopping district and featured branch stores of many famous New York-based department and specialty stores. Some of these locations were the first large-scale suburban stores built in the United States. With the construction of the parkways and expressways in the 1940s and 1960s, with a city opening ceremony Macys launched a grand White Plains store on Main Street across from City Hall in 1949. As the mayor said at the time, this was a significant event in the life of White Plains, at the time of its construction, the Westchester One building was the largest office building between New York City and Albany, and east to Hartford
White Plains, New York
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The White Plains skyline
White Plains, New York
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Main Street in White Plains
White Plains, New York
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New York Power Authority and Main Street
White Plains, New York
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City Center on Mamaroneck Avenue
2.
Malibu, California
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Malibu is a beach city in Los Angeles County, California, situated 30 miles west of Downtown Los Angeles. Known for its Mediterranean climate, a 21-mile strip of the Malibu coast incorporated in 1991 into the City of Malibu, the area is known for being the home of Hollywood movie stars, people in the entertainment industry, and other affluent residents. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 12,645, signs around the city proclaim 27 miles of scenic beauty, referring to the historical 27-mile Malibu coast spanning from Tuna Canyon west to Point Mugu in Ventura County. Most Malibu residents live within a few hundred yards of Pacific Coast Highway, for many residents of the unincorporated canyon areas, Malibu has the closest commercial centers and are included in the Malibu zip codes. The city is bounded by Topanga to the east, the Santa Monica Mountains to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the south. Nicknamed the Bu by surfers and locals, beaches along the Malibu coast include Surfrider Beach, Zuma Beach, Malibu Beach, Topanga Beach, Point Dume Beach, County Line and they named it Humaliwo or the surf sounds loudly. The citys name derives from this, as the Hu syllable is not stressed, explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo is believed to have moored at Malibu Lagoon, at the mouth of Malibu Creek, to obtain fresh water in 1542. The Spanish presence returned with the California mission system, and the area was part of Rancho Topanga Malibu Sequit—a 13 and that ranch passed intact to Frederick Hastings Rindge in 1891. Few roads even entered the area before 1929, when the state won another court case, by then May Rindge was forced to subdivide her property and begin selling and leasing lots. In 1926, in an effort to selling land to stave off insolvency. At its height, Malibu Potteries employed over 100 workers, and produced decorative tiles which furnish many Los Angeles-area public buildings, the factory, located one-half mile east of the pier, was ravaged by a fire in 1931. Although the factory reopened in 1932, it could not recover from the effects of the Great Depression. A distinct hybrid of Moorish and Arts and crafts designs, Malibu tile is considered highly collectible. Fine examples of the tiles may be seen at the Adamson House and Serra Retreat, the unfinished building was sold to the Franciscan Order in 1942 and is operated as a retreat facility, Serra Retreat. It burned in the 1970 fire and was using many of the original tiles. Most of the Big Rock Drive area was purchased in 1936 by William Randolph Hearst and he sold the lower half of his holdings there in 1944 to Art Jones. Jones was one of the prominent early realtors in Malibu, starting with the leases of Rindge land in Malibu Colony. He was also the owner/part-owner of the Malibu Inn, Malibu Trading Post, mcAnany Way is named after him
Malibu, California
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Aerial view of Downtown Malibu and surrounding neighborhoods
Malibu, California
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Seal
Malibu, California
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Sign proclaiming "27 miles of scenic beauty", referring to Malibu's original length before the city was incorporated in 1991
Malibu, California
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Dawn in the
Santa Monica Mountains
3.
Pacific Ocean
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The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of the Earths oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, the Mariana Trench in the western North Pacific is the deepest point in the world, reaching a depth of 10,911 metres. Both the center of the Water Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere are in the Pacific Ocean, the oceans current name was coined by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the Spanish circumnavigation of the world in 1521, as he encountered favourable winds on reaching the ocean. He called it Mar Pacífico, which in both Portuguese and Spanish means peaceful sea, important human migrations occurred in the Pacific in prehistoric times. Long-distance trade developed all along the coast from Mozambique to Japan, trade, and therefore knowledge, extended to the Indonesian islands but apparently not Australia. By at least 878 when there was a significant Islamic settlement in Canton much of trade was controlled by Arabs or Muslims. In 219 BC Xu Fu sailed out into the Pacific searching for the elixir of immortality, from 1404 to 1433 Zheng He led expeditions into the Indian Ocean. The east side of the ocean was discovered by Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa in 1513 after his expedition crossed the Isthmus of Panama and he named it Mar del Sur because the ocean was to the south of the coast of the isthmus where he first observed the Pacific. Later, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan sailed the Pacific East to West on a Castilian expedition of world circumnavigation starting in 1519, Magellan called the ocean Pacífico because, after sailing through the stormy seas off Cape Horn, the expedition found calm waters. The ocean was often called the Sea of Magellan in his honor until the eighteenth century, sailing around and east of the Moluccas, between 1525 and 1527, Portuguese expeditions discovered the Caroline Islands, the Aru Islands, and Papua New Guinea. In 1542–43 the Portuguese also reached Japan, in 1564, five Spanish ships consisting of 379 explorers crossed the ocean from Mexico led by Miguel López de Legazpi and sailed to the Philippines and Mariana Islands. The Manila galleons operated for two and a half centuries linking Manila and Acapulco, in one of the longest trade routes in history, Spanish expeditions also discovered Tuvalu, the Marquesas, the Cook Islands, the Solomon Islands, and the Admiralty Islands in the South Pacific. In the 16th and 17th century Spain considered the Pacific Ocean a Mare clausum—a sea closed to other naval powers, as the only known entrance from the Atlantic the Strait of Magellan was at times patrolled by fleets sent to prevent entrance of non-Spanish ships. On the western end of the Pacific Ocean the Dutch threatened the Spanish Philippines, Spain also sent expeditions to the Pacific Northwest reaching Vancouver Island in southern Canada, and Alaska. The French explored and settled Polynesia, and the British made three voyages with James Cook to the South Pacific and Australia, Hawaii, and the North American Pacific Northwest, one of the earliest voyages of scientific exploration was organized by Spain in the Malaspina Expedition of 1789–1794. It sailed vast areas of the Pacific, from Cape Horn to Alaska, Guam and the Philippines, New Zealand, Australia, and the South Pacific. Growing imperialism during the 19th century resulted in the occupation of much of Oceania by other European powers, and later, Japan, in Oceania, France got a leading position as imperial power after making Tahiti and New Caledonia protectorates in 1842 and 1853 respectively. After navy visits to Easter Island in 1875 and 1887, Chilean navy officer Policarpo Toro managed to negotiate an incorporation of the island into Chile with native Rapanui in 1888, by occupying Easter Island, Chile joined the imperial nations
Pacific Ocean
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Maris Pacifici by
Ortelius (1589). One of the first printed maps to show the Pacific Ocean; see also
Waldseemüller map (1507).
Pacific Ocean
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The Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
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USS
Lexington under air attack on 8 May 1942 during the
Battle of the Coral Sea
Pacific Ocean
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Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1702–1707.
4.
Yale University
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Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in Saybrook Colony to train Congregationalist ministers, it is the third-oldest institution of education in the United States. The Collegiate School moved to New Haven in 1716, and shortly after was renamed Yale College in recognition of a gift from British East India Company governor Elihu Yale. Originally restricted to theology and sacred languages, the curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences by the time of the American Revolution. In the 19th century the school introduced graduate and professional instruction, awarding the first Ph. D. in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887. Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools, the undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each schools faculty oversees its curriculum, the universitys assets include an endowment valued at $25.4 billion as of June 2016, the second largest of any U. S. educational institution. The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States, Yale College undergraduates follow a liberal arts curriculum with departmental majors and are organized into a social system of residential colleges. Almost all faculty teach courses, more than 2,000 of which are offered annually. Students compete intercollegiately as the Yale Bulldogs in the NCAA Division I – Ivy League, Yale has graduated many notable alumni, including five U. S. Presidents,19 U. S. Supreme Court Justices,20 living billionaires, and many heads of state. In addition, Yale has graduated hundreds of members of Congress,57 Nobel laureates,5 Fields Medalists,247 Rhodes Scholars, and 119 Marshall Scholars have been affiliated with the University. Yale traces its beginnings to An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School, passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9,1701, the Act was an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers, Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, the group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as The Founders. Originally known as the Collegiate School, the institution opened in the home of its first rector, Abraham Pierson, the school moved to Saybrook, and then Wethersfield. In 1716 the college moved to New Haven, Connecticut, the feud caused the Mathers to champion the success of the Collegiate School in the hope that it would maintain the Puritan religious orthodoxy in a way that Harvard had not. Cotton Mather suggested that the school change its name to Yale College, meanwhile, a Harvard graduate working in England convinced some 180 prominent intellectuals that they should donate books to Yale. The 1714 shipment of 500 books represented the best of modern English literature, science, philosophy and it had a profound effect on intellectuals at Yale. Undergraduate Jonathan Edwards discovered John Lockes works and developed his original theology known as the new divinity
Yale University
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Charter creating Collegiate School, which became
Yale College, October 9, 1701
Yale University
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Yale University
Seal
Yale University
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A Front View of Yale-College and the College Chapel, Daniel Bowen, 1786.
Yale University
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First diploma awarded by
Yale College, granted to Nathaniel Chauncey, 1702.
5.
Audra Lindley
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Audra Marie Lindley was an American actress, most famous for her role as landlady Helen Roper on the sitcom Threes Company and its spin-off, The Ropers. Born in Los Angeles, California, Lindley was the daughter of show business parents and her father was Bert Lindley, an actor who played small roles from 1917 through 1937. She got her start in Hollywood by being a stand-in, which eventually progressed to stunt work. In 1943, she went to New York in her mid-20s to work in theater, among her many Broadway plays during her long career were, On Golden Pond, Long Days Journey into Night, and Horse Heavens. She also had roles as Meredith Baxters mother in the sitcom Bridget Loves Bernie. In 1971, she starred in the first American film of Milos Forman, the character and her husband, Mr. Roper, were spun off to their own show, The Ropers, which was not a success. In 1982, she appeared in the film Best Friends starring Goldie Hawn and she had a supporting role in the lesbian-themed film Desert Hearts. In 1987, she had a role as Judith Lights mother in the TV movie Dangerous Affection. She also appeared in 1989s Troop Beverly Hills as outspoken director of the Wilderness Girls, also in 1989, she was the main character of an episode of the horror anthology series Tales from the Crypt. Lindley garnered parts in various TV films and series, including playing Phoebe Buffays grandmother on Friends, and her last and she was married to Hardy Ulm from 1943–1960 with whom she had five children. She was then married to James Whitmore, Lindley died of leukemia on October 16,1997, at Cedars Sinai Medical Center. Audra Lindley at the Internet Movie Database Audra Lindley at the Internet Broadway Database Audra Lindley at Find a Grave
Audra Lindley
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Lindley in
Fay (1975)
6.
James Whitmore Jr.
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He is the son of actor James Whitmore. Born in Manhattan, New York, Whitmore has had recurring guest-starring roles on the TV series The Rockford Files, Whitmore has the distinction of occasionally acting in the episodes he directs, such as two episodes of Quantum Leap. In that series, as well as others, he played different characters in each appearance. In addition to directing episodes of shows for Bellisario, Whitmore directed episodes of more than one series for Joss Whedon, Whitmore directed the final episodes of two different series. After Leap, Whitmore again directed Scott Bakula in episodes of Star Trek, Enterprise, NCIS, New Orleans and he also directed David Boreanaz in both Angel and Bones. The Pretender reunited Whitmore with many of the writing staff as Quantum Leap. Quantum Leap The Rockford Files Simon & Simon The Twilight Zone The Boys in Company C as Lieutenant Archer James Whitmore Jr. at the Internet Movie Database
James Whitmore Jr.
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James Whitmore, Jr. (left) as Freddie Beamer in
The Rockford Files, listening as
Jim Rockford (
James Garner) speaks to him.
7.
Matty Whitmore
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Survivor is an American reality television show, based on the Swedish program, Expedition Robinson. Contestants are referred to as castaways, and they compete against one another to become the Sole Survivor, first airing in 2000, there have been a total of 34 seasons aired, the program itself has been filmed on five different continents. The current season, Survivor, Game Changers, premiered on March 8,2017, contestants usually apply to be on the show, but the series has been known to recruit contestants for various seasons. For Survivor, Fiji, the producers had hoped to have a racially diverse cast. When this did not happen, the producers turned to recruiting and in the end, for the most part, contestants are virtually unknown prior to their Survivor appearance, but occasionally some well-known people are cast. A total of 498 participants have competed, and 91 of them have competed in multiple seasons,69 of them competed in two seasons,18 competed three times, and 4 competed 4 times, in both cases, the removed contestants were unreplaced. Fiji and San Juan del Sur proceeded with an uneven gender balance and this occurrence made Fiji the only season in the history of the show to have an odd number of players. All information is accurate as of the time the season was filmed, and thus may vary from season to season for returning players
Matty Whitmore
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Ken Hoang came in fifth place and was the sixth jury member
Matty Whitmore
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Survivor: Gabon
Matty Whitmore
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Jessica "Sugar" Kiper, 2nd runner-up of Survivor: Gabon
Matty Whitmore
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Robert "Bob" Crowley, winner of Survivor: Gabon
8.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
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Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
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Flag
United States
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The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
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The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
9.
United States Marine Corps
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The U. S. Marine Corps is one of the four armed service branches in the U. S. Department of Defense and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The current Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the military officer in the U. S. Armed Forces, is a Marine Corps general, the Marine Corps has been a component of the U. S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834, working closely with naval forces for training, transportation, and logistics. The USMC operates posts on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world, two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting for independence both at sea and on shore. The role of the Corps has since grown and evolved, expanding to aerial warfare and earning popular titles such as, Americas third air force, and, second land army. By the mid-20th century, the U. S. Marine Corps had become a major theorist of and its ability to rapidly respond on short notice to expeditionary crises gives it a strong role in the implementation and execution of American foreign policy. As of 2016, the USMC has around 182,000 active duty members and it is the smallest of the U. S. The USMC serves as an expeditionary force-in-readiness and this last clause, while seemingly redundant given the Presidents position as Commander-in-chief, is a codification of the expeditionary responsibilities of the Marine Corps. It derives from similar language in the Congressional acts For the Better Organization of the Marine Corps of 1834, in 1951, the House of Representatives Armed Services Committee called the clause one of the most important statutory – and traditional – functions of the Marine Corps. In addition to its duties, the Marine Corps conducts Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure operations, as well as missions in direct support of the White House. The Marine Band, dubbed the Presidents Own by Thomas Jefferson, Marines from Ceremonial Companies A & B, quartered in Marine Barracks, Washington, D. C. The Executive Flight Detachment also provides transport to Cabinet members. The relationship between the Department of State and the U. S. Marine Corps is nearly as old as the corps itself, for over 200 years, Marines have served at the request of various Secretaries of State. After World War II, an alert, disciplined force was needed to protect American embassies, consulates, in 1947, a proposal was made that the Department of War furnish Marine Corps personnel for Foreign Service guard duty under the provisions of the Foreign Service Act of 1946. A formal Memorandum of Agreement was signed between the Department of State and the Secretary of the Navy on December 15,1948, during the first year of the MSG program,36 detachments were deployed worldwide. Continental Marines manned raiding parties, both at sea and ashore, the Advanced Base Doctrine of the early 20th century codified their combat duties ashore, outlining the use of Marines in the seizure of bases and other duties on land to support naval campaigns. Throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries, Marine detachments served aboard Navy cruisers, battleships, Marine detachments served in their traditional duties as a ships landing force, manning the ships weapons and providing shipboard security. Marines would develop tactics and techniques of amphibious assault on defended coastlines in time for use in World War II, during World War II, Marines continued to serve on capital ships
United States Marine Corps
United States Marine Corps
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United States Marine Corps portal
United States Marine Corps
United States Marine Corps
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A Marine
Corporal and
Lance Corporal of
3rd Battalion, 6th Marines engaging the enemy during
Operation Moshtarak in Afghanistan's
Helmand Province.
10.
Marine Forces Reserve
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The Marine Forces Reserve is the reserve force of the United States Marine Corps. It is the largest command in the U. S. Marine Corps, Marine Forces Reserve is the headquarters command for approximately 40,000 Reserve Marines and 184 Reserve Training Centers located throughout the United States. Marine forces Reserve also provides personnel and operational tempo relief for active component forces in peacetime, MARFORRES comprises two groups of Marines and Sailors. The first, known as the Selected Marine Corps Reserve, are Marines who belong to units and drill one weekend a month. The second group is known as the Individual Ready Reserve, IRR Marines participate in annual musters to check in with the Corps. Reserve Marines are equipped and trained to the standards as active Marine forces. S. Enlistment in the Marine Forces Reserve occurs through a similar to that for enlistment in the regular active Marine Corps. Recruits must take the ASVAB, pass a physical exam. They may enter through a billet in the Delayed Entry Program, Reserve Recruits currently attend recruit training along with active duty recruits, earning the title United States Marine upon successful completion of the training. They then have a mandatory leave of 10 days before training at the School of Infantry. Only after completing the program does a Reserve Marines enlistment begin to differ from that of an active duty Marine. There is a called the Select Reserve Incentive Program, which provides enlistment bonuses for Reservists enlisting for needed MOSs. Half is payable upon completion of training and the other half is spread out over the term of enlistment, for those who have earned a college degree, the Reserve Officer Commissioning Program provides a path into the Marine Corps Reserve leading to a commission as an Officer of Marines. Upon selection from a regional Officer Selection Office, applicants attend Officer Candidate School, upon successful completion of OCS, candidates are commissioned Second Lieutenant and subsequently attend The Basic School. Following graduation of TBS and follow-on MOS training, officers report to their reserve unit where they serve their Reserve drills. Reserve Marines enlist for eight-year terms, there are three options on how these terms may be served, one of which is designated upon enlistment. 6x2 – Under this option the Reservist spends 6 years in active drill and this is the only option which makes Reservists eligible for the benefits of the Montgomery GI Bill, and is also the most common. 5x3 – Under this option the Reservist spends 5 years in active drill, 4x4 – Under this option the Reservist spends 4 years in active drill and fulfills the remaining four in Individual Ready Reserve
Marine Forces Reserve
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Marine Corps Forces Reserve Insignia
11.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
World War II
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Clockwise from top left: Chinese forces in the
Battle of Wanjialing, Australian
25-pounder guns during the
First Battle of El Alamein, German
Stuka dive bombers on the
Eastern Front in December 1943, a U.S. naval force in the
Lingayen Gulf,
Wilhelm Keitel signing the
German Instrument of Surrender, Soviet troops in the
Battle of Stalingrad
World War II
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The
League of Nations assembly, held in
Geneva,
Switzerland, 1930
World War II
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Adolf Hitler at a German
National Socialist political rally in
Weimar, October 1930
World War II
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Italian soldiers recruited in 1935, on their way to fight the
Second Italo-Abyssinian War
12.
Tony Award
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The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Broadway Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony
Tony Award
–
Designed by
Herman Rosse, 1949
Tony Award
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Former logo
13.
Grammy
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A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
Grammy
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Grammy Awards
14.
Golden Globe
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
Golden Globe
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The Golden Globe statuette
15.
Emmy
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
Emmy
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TV producer
Bruce Kennedy holding an Emmy
Emmy
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Actress
Dana Delany holding an Emmy, 1992
Emmy
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TV producer and writer
Bradley Bell accepting Daytime Emmy Awards for his work on the daytime soap opera
The Bold and the Beautiful, 2010
Emmy
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Brazilian actress and TV host
Fernanda Lima holding
Rede Globo 's six medals of nominations to the International Emmys in 2012
16.
Academy Award
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Award
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Academy Awards
Academy Award
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31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Award
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81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Award
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Pantages Theatre, 2008
17.
Amherst High School (New York)
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Amherst Central High School is a public high school in Snyder, New York, a hamlet within the town of Amherst, which is within the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area. It is the high school in the Amherst Central School District. Its enrollment is approximately 802 students, the school opened in 1931, construction on the current building began in 1929. The high school served 802 students from grades nine through twelve for the 2012-13 academic year, the schools Parent-Teacher Association is a joint organization with the Amherst Middle School. The 15-square-mile Amherst School District has a population of 27,578 as of October 2012, the high school serves the school district which encompasses the neighborhoods of Eggertsville and Snyder, as well as small portions of the village of Williamsville and the town of Cheektowaga. In 1998 the high school was judged one of the 100 best in the country by Newsweek magazine, Amherst is well known for the high quality of their music program. Instrumental music comprises a string department consisting of Symphony Orchestra, Concert Orchestra, Operetta Pit Orchestra, Sinfonia, the band department consists of Concert Band, Wind Ensemble, and Jazz Ensemble, as well as smaller sectional ensembles. There is a music department, which includes Concert Choir, Concert Chorale, Sweet Sixteens. The music teachers are Mr. Craig Incontro-Band Director/Music Department Chair, Mr. Matt Pendrak-Orchestra Director, there is also an operetta program, which is essentially an annual musical. The operetta for 2016 was Grease, previous shows Amherst has done include Guys and Dolls, Anything Goes, Les Misérables, Oklahoma. Amherst has been doing operettas annually since about 1932, the drama clubs past shows include A Christmas Carol, Its a Wonderful Life and The Diary of Anne Frank. Also in the spring of 2008, students directed short one-act comedies and these have since been made a seasonal tradition. Amherst had a mens hockey team and womens lacrosse teams. The mens hockey team won the six championship on 2/28/2010. This team made history by winning the championship as the last place seed coming in. It also boasts championship tennis, field hockey, and basketball programs, the stadium also plays host to many local high school play-off and championship games in various sporting events. Established in 1983, the Foundation funds experiences for students emphasizing projects that extend their horizons or involve helping others, the Foundation also funds mini-grants for teachers for special projects or equipment not otherwise funded by the school district
Amherst High School (New York)
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Amherst Central High School
Amherst High School (New York)
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The Amherst High School hockey team
18.
Snyder, New York
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Snyder is a hamlet within the town of Amherst in Erie County, New York, United States that is part of the Buffalo – Niagara Falls metropolitan area. The hamlet was established in 1837, the hamlet blossomed due to retail activity demand created along the Main Street transportation route between Buffalo and points to the east in the 19th and early 20th century. The educational institutions are public and private and range from kindergarten through college. The Snyder community has above-average affluence and education compared to the Buffalo region, the hamlet also hosts two structures listed on the National Register of Historic Places that serve as architectural artifacts of the early residential developments in the hamlet. The traditional definition of the hamlet is the Snyder postal service area, in 1804, Timothy Hopkins was the first settler in the area that would later become Snyderville and subsequently Snyder. Hopkins married Nancy Kerr in Williamsville in the first marriage on record in Erie County, as newlyweds, they moved to a log cabin on a farm on the 4301 Main Street location of Amherst Central High School. The Schenck family moved to Amherst at the corner of Main Street, abraham Snyder arrived from Pennsylvania in 1823 and moved to a spacious frame house in the late 1830s. His son Michael rose to prominence, john Schenck, Michael Snyders cousin, built the hamlets first house and later built the first store in 1837, which was the year the hamlet was first established. In 1830, a stagecoach was established and it was the first regularly scheduled public means of transportation between Buffalo and Batavia, and sometimes Albany, and operated along Buffalo Road, which was later renamed Main Street. By the 1850s, the Amherst economy thrived on agriculture, Snyder also had a pottery and brick factory. Throughout the 19th Century Snyder evolved as a small business community catering to surrounding farmers. In 1879, the hamlets of Amherst began receiving newspaper service from the Amherst Bee, L. F. Crout opened a hotel in 1883. In 1892, a trolley, which ran from Main Street and Bailey Avenue, also known as U. S. Route 62, into Williamsville. This made Amhersts various hamlets more accessible and desirable to the city residents who were interested in expanding their estates into the country. This caused growth and development of the Main and Harlem area which served as the center of town for the new suburbs, in the 1920s, the town of Amherst began to develop by converting farmland into subdivisions. Snyder residents began to live closer to other in new subdivisions. Snyder is located in the part of Amherst, which is located in Erie County, New York. As a hamlet it has no boundaries, but was originally defined by the area served by its post office
Snyder, New York
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The Eggertsville-Snyder branch of the
Buffalo & Erie County Public Library in the Snyder, New York "Business District"
Snyder, New York
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Snyder Business District
Snyder, New York
Snyder, New York
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Kensington-Harlem, Main-Kensington, and Sheridan-Harlem commercial districts
19.
Choate Rosemary Hall
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Choate Rosemary Hall is private, college-preparatory, coeducational, boarding school located in Wallingford, Connecticut. It took its present name and began a system with the merger in 1971 of two single-sex establishments, The Choate School and Rosemary Hall. At the merger, the Wallingford campus was enlarged with a complex of modernist buildings on its edge to accommodate the students from Rosemary Hall. Choate is a member of the Eight Schools Association, begun informally in 1973–74 and formalized in 2006, the member schools are Choate, Andover, Exeter, Deerfield, St. Pauls, Hotchkiss, Lawrenceville, and Northfield Mount Hermon. Among Choates alumni are President John F, see also, Rosemary Hall for its history before the 1971 re-affiliation with Choate. The schools that would eventually become Choate Rosemary Hall were begun by members of two prominent New England families, the Choates and Atwaters. Rosemary Hall was founded in 1890 by Mary Atwater Choate at Rosemary Farm in Wallingford, her girlhood home, Mary, an alumna of Miss Porters School, was the great-granddaughter of Caleb Atwater, a Connecticut merchant magnate who supplied the American forces during the Revolutionary War. In 1775 General George Washington visited the Atwater store in Wallingford en route to assuming command of the Continental Army, on that occasion, Washington took tea with judge Oliver Stanley at the Red House, now Squire Stanley House on the Choate campus. In 1878 Mary Atwater Choate had co-founded a vocational organization for Civil War widows, the advertisement was answered by Caroline Ruutz-Rees, a 25-year-old Briton teaching in New Jersey. On October 3,1890, the New Haven Morning News reported, at the beautiful Rosemary Farms, which have been the property of Mrs. Choates family for five generations. Rev. Edward Everett Hale addressed the girls in his inimitable way, at once attractive. Never forget, said he, that it is an art to do what you do well. If you limp, limp well, and if you dance, dance well, the eight arriving girls occupied the original school building, old Atwater House, at the northwest corner of Christian and Elm streets, where new Atwater House now stands. They also had the use of Atwater homestead, which stands at the center of the present day campus, on the northeast corner of Christian and Elm streets. Caroline Ruutz-Rees, headmistress of Rosemary Hall until 1938, was a figure of extraordinary personality and influence, on the Wallingford golf course she wore bloomers, which shocked the locals, and on buggy rides to Wallingford station she carried a pistol. She quickly changed Rosemary Halls mission from domestic arts to that of a boys school. The Choate School was founded by William and Mary Choate in 1896. William Gardner Choate, Harvard class of 1852, was U. S. District Judge for the Southern Circuit of New York from 1878 to 1881, and afterward a partner of Shipman, Barlow, Laroque, and Choate
Choate Rosemary Hall
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Squire Stanley House, built 1690–1750 and visited in 1775 by George Washington. The Choate School began here in 1896. It is now a third form (first-year) girls dormitory.
Choate Rosemary Hall
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Fidelitas et Integritas
Choate Rosemary Hall
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The Homestead, built 1774. A small door leads to a secret passage behind the chimney that may have been a station on the Underground Railroad.
Choate Rosemary Hall
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John Kennedy '35 writes home on school stationery to say his "studies are going pretty hard" and mentioning
LeMoyne Billings '35, his roommate and lifelong closest friend
20.
Wallingford, Connecticut
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Wallingford is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 45,135 at the 2010 census, the Connecticut General Assembly created the town on October 10,1667. This original plot of land near the Quinnipiac River is now considered Main Street, starting on May 12,1670 there were 126 people who lived in temporary housing, and five years later in 1675 there were 40 permanent homes. In 1697 Wallingford was the site of the last witchcraft trial in New England, winifred Benham was thrice tried for witchcraft and acquitted all three times. Wallingford has diversified its commercial and industrial base over the past decade attracting high-technology industries as compared to traditional heavy manufacturing. It is the home of a variety of industries and major corporations spanning the spectrum of the medical, health care, service, high-tech specialty metal manufacturing. The development of the Barnes Industrial Park, Casimir Pulaski Industrial Park, Wharton Brook Industrial Park, the Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, the town’s largest taxpayer, has established a research and development facility in Wallingford’s MedWay Industrial Park. In terms of Wallingfords manufacturing and design history, silver-producing companies like Simpson, Hall, Simpson, Hall, Miller & Co. as well as Wallingfords Watrous Manufacturing later became part of the International Silver Company, which was headquartered in the neighboring city of Meriden. The town of Wallingford has both public and private education, the Wallingford Public School System consists of eight elementary schools, two middle schools, and two high schools. Wallingford has a sector of schools offering the following, Choate Rosemary Hall, Heritage Baptist Academy. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 39.9 square miles, of which 39.0 square miles is land and 0.9 square miles. The town of Wallingford sits astride the Quinnipiac River in northern New Haven County and it is 5 miles south of Meriden and about 13 miles north of New Haven. Towns bordering Wallingford are Cheshire, Durham, Hamden, Meriden, Middlefield, North Branford and North Haven. Situated in the Hartford-New Haven-Springfield corridor, Wallingford is traversed by U. S. Route 5, Interstate 91, and State Highways Route 15, Route 68, Route 71 and Route 150. East Wallingford Quinnipiac Tracy Wallingford Center Yalesville As of the census of 2000, there were 43,026 people,16,697 households, the population density was 1,102.7 people per square mile. There were 17,306 housing units at a density of 443.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 94. 77% White,1. 02% African American,0. 17% Native American,1. 75% Asian,1. 16% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 52% of the population. Of all households 25. 6% were made up of individuals and 10. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.07
Wallingford, Connecticut
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Seal
Wallingford, Connecticut
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Location in New Haven County, Connecticut
Wallingford, Connecticut
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Bank, Opera House and Congregational Church, from a postcard sent in 1912
Wallingford, Connecticut
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New York Insulated Wire Company, 1910
21.
Skull and Bones
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Skull and Bones is an undergraduate senior secret society at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. It is the oldest senior class landed society at Yale, the societys alumni organization, the Russell Trust Association, owns the societys real estate and oversees the organization. The society is known informally as Bones, and members are known as Bonesmen, Skull and Bones was founded in 1832 after a dispute among Yale debating societies Linonia, Brothers in Unity, and the Calliopean Society over that seasons Phi Beta Kappa awards. William Huntington Russell and Alphonso Taft co-founded the Order of the Scull, the societys assets are managed by the societys alumni organization, the Russell Trust Association, incorporated in 1856 and named after the Bones co-founder. The association was founded by Russell and Daniel Coit Gilman, a Skull, Skull and Bones selects new members among students every spring as part of Yale Universitys Tap Day, and has done so since 1879. Since the societys inclusion of women in the early 1990s, Skull, Skull and Bones taps those that it views as campus leaders and other notable figures for its membership. The Skull and Bones Hall is otherwise known as the Tomb, the building was built in three phases, the first wing was built in 1856, the second wing in 1903, and Davis-designed Neo-Gothic towers were added to the rear garden in 1912. The front and side facades are of Portland brownstone in an Egypto-Doric style, the 1912 tower additions created a small enclosed courtyard in the rear of the building, designed by Evarts Tracy and Edgerton Swartwout of Tracy and Swartwout, New York. Evarts Tracy was a 1890 Bonesman, and his grandmother, Martha Sherman Evarts, and maternal grandmother, Mary Evarts, were the sisters of William Maxwell Evarts. The architect was possibly Alexander Jackson Davis or Henry Austin, architectural historian Patrick Pinnell includes an in-depth discussion of the dispute over the identity of the original architect in his 1999 Yale campus history. Pinnell also discusses the Tombs aesthetic place in relation to its neighbors, in the late 1990s, New Hampshire landscape architects Saucier and Flynn designed the wrought iron fence that surrounds a portion of the complex. The society owns and manages Deer Island, a retreat on the St. Lawrence River. Alexandra Robbins, author of a book on Yale secret societies, wrote, The forty-acre retreat is intended to give Bonesmen an opportunity to get together, a century ago the island sported tennis courts and its softball fields were surrounded by rhubarb plants and gooseberry bushes. But although each new Skull and Bones member still visits Deer Island, now it is just a bunch of burned-out stone buildings, a patriarch sighs. Another Bonesman says that to call the island rustic would be to glorify it and its a dump, but its beautiful. Skull and Boness membership developed a reputation in association with the Power Elite, like other Yale senior societies, Skull and Bones membership was almost exclusively limited to white Protestant males for much of its history. While Yale itself had exclusionary policies directed at particular ethnic and religious groups, while some Catholics were able to join such groups, Jews were more often not. Some of these groups eventually entered Skull and Bones by means of sports
Skull and Bones
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The logo of Skull and Bones
Skull and Bones
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The tomb before the addition of a second wing
Skull and Bones
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A 2009 view of the tomb from across High Street
Skull and Bones
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Yearbook listing of Skull and Bones membership for 1920. The 1920 delegation included co-founders of
Time magazine,
Briton Hadden and
Henry Luce
22.
United States Marine Corps Reserve
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The Marine Forces Reserve is the reserve force of the United States Marine Corps. It is the largest command in the U. S. Marine Corps, Marine Forces Reserve is the headquarters command for approximately 40,000 Reserve Marines and 184 Reserve Training Centers located throughout the United States. Marine forces Reserve also provides personnel and operational tempo relief for active component forces in peacetime, MARFORRES comprises two groups of Marines and Sailors. The first, known as the Selected Marine Corps Reserve, are Marines who belong to units and drill one weekend a month. The second group is known as the Individual Ready Reserve, IRR Marines participate in annual musters to check in with the Corps. Reserve Marines are equipped and trained to the standards as active Marine forces. S. Enlistment in the Marine Forces Reserve occurs through a similar to that for enlistment in the regular active Marine Corps. Recruits must take the ASVAB, pass a physical exam. They may enter through a billet in the Delayed Entry Program, Reserve Recruits currently attend recruit training along with active duty recruits, earning the title United States Marine upon successful completion of the training. They then have a mandatory leave of 10 days before training at the School of Infantry. Only after completing the program does a Reserve Marines enlistment begin to differ from that of an active duty Marine. There is a called the Select Reserve Incentive Program, which provides enlistment bonuses for Reservists enlisting for needed MOSs. Half is payable upon completion of training and the other half is spread out over the term of enlistment, for those who have earned a college degree, the Reserve Officer Commissioning Program provides a path into the Marine Corps Reserve leading to a commission as an Officer of Marines. Upon selection from a regional Officer Selection Office, applicants attend Officer Candidate School, upon successful completion of OCS, candidates are commissioned Second Lieutenant and subsequently attend The Basic School. Following graduation of TBS and follow-on MOS training, officers report to their reserve unit where they serve their Reserve drills. Reserve Marines enlist for eight-year terms, there are three options on how these terms may be served, one of which is designated upon enlistment. 6x2 – Under this option the Reservist spends 6 years in active drill and this is the only option which makes Reservists eligible for the benefits of the Montgomery GI Bill, and is also the most common. 5x3 – Under this option the Reservist spends 5 years in active drill, 4x4 – Under this option the Reservist spends 4 years in active drill and fulfills the remaining four in Individual Ready Reserve
United States Marine Corps Reserve
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Marine Corps Forces Reserve Insignia
23.
Actors Studio
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The Actors Studio is a membership organization for professional actors, theatre directors and playwrights at 432 West 44th Street in the Hells Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It was founded October 5,1947, by Elia Kazan, [[Cheryl Crawford, lee Strasberg joined later and took the helm in 1951 until his death on February 17,1982. It is currently run by Al Pacino, Ellen Burstyn, the Studio is best known for its work refining and teaching method acting. The approach was developed by the Group Theatre in the 1930s based on the innovations of Konstantin Stanislavski. While at the Studio, actors work together to develop their skills in an environment where they can take risks as performers without the pressure of commercial roles. After an initial meeting held on October 5,1947, at the Labor Stage, before settling in its current location in 1955, the Studio moved regularly over an eight-year period, In January 1948, it was a dance studio on East 59th Street. In April of that year, a move to the CBS Building at 1697 Broadway, near 53rd Street, established some semblance of stability and this it did at the Malin Studios at 1545 Broadway, room 610. This arrangement would persist throughout the 1954-1955 theatrical season, even as the Studio was acquiring and renovating its current venue, in 1955 it moved to its current location in the former Seventh Associate Presbyterian Church, built in 1859. From September 1994 through May 2005, the Studio collaborated with The New School in the education of masters-level theatre students at the Actors Studio Drama School, after ending its contact with the New School, the Actors Studio established The Actors Studio Drama School at Pace University in 2006. ISBN 0-02-542650-8 Foster Hirsch, A Method to their Madness, The History of the Actors Studio, New York, WW Norton & Co Inc,1984. ISBN 0-393-01783-4 Shelly Frome, The Actors Studio, a History, david Garfield research files on the Actors Studio, 1947-2003, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
Actors Studio
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The Actors Studio building on West 44th Street in Manhattan, a converted church
24.
James Whitmore, Jr.
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He is the son of actor James Whitmore. Born in Manhattan, New York, Whitmore has had recurring guest-starring roles on the TV series The Rockford Files, Whitmore has the distinction of occasionally acting in the episodes he directs, such as two episodes of Quantum Leap. In that series, as well as others, he played different characters in each appearance. In addition to directing episodes of shows for Bellisario, Whitmore directed episodes of more than one series for Joss Whedon, Whitmore directed the final episodes of two different series. After Leap, Whitmore again directed Scott Bakula in episodes of Star Trek, Enterprise, NCIS, New Orleans and he also directed David Boreanaz in both Angel and Bones. The Pretender reunited Whitmore with many of the writing staff as Quantum Leap. Quantum Leap The Rockford Files Simon & Simon The Twilight Zone The Boys in Company C as Lieutenant Archer James Whitmore Jr. at the Internet Movie Database
James Whitmore, Jr.
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James Whitmore, Jr. (left) as Freddie Beamer in
The Rockford Files, listening as
Jim Rockford (
James Garner) speaks to him.
25.
United States Forest Service
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The United States Forest Service is an agency of the U. S. Department of Agriculture that administers the nations 154 national forests and 20 national grasslands, which encompass 193 million acres. Major divisions of the include the National Forest System, State and Private Forestry, Business Operations. Managing approximately 25% of federal lands, it is the major national land agency that is outside the U. S. Department of the Interior. The concept of the National Forests was born from Theodore Roosevelt’s conservation group, Boone and Crockett Club, in 1876, Congress created the office of Special Agent in the Department of Agriculture to assess the quality and conditions of forests in the United States. Hough was appointed the head of the office, in 1881, the office was expanded into the newly formed Division of Forestry. The Forest Reserve Act of 1891 authorized withdrawing land from the domain as forest reserves. In 1901, the Division of Forestry was renamed the Bureau of Forestry, gifford Pinchot was the first United States Chief Forester in the Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. As of 2009, the Forest Service has a budget authority of $5.5 billion. The Forest Service employs 34,250 employees in 750 locations, including 10,050 firefighters,737 law enforcement personnel, and 500 scientists. The mission of the Forest Service is To sustain the health, diversity and its motto is Caring for the land and serving people. As the lead agency in natural resource conservation, the US Forest Service provides leadership in the protection, management, and use of the nations forest, rangeland. The agencys ecosystem approach to management integrates ecological, economic, and social factors to maintain and enhance the quality of the environment to meet current, the everyday work of the Forest Service balances resource extraction, resource protection, and providing recreation.5 billion trees per year. Further, the Forest Service fought fires on 2,996,000 acres of land in 2007, the Forest Service organization includes ranger districts, national forests, regions, research stations and research work units and the Northeastern Area Office for State and Private Forestry. Each level has responsibility for a variety of functions, the Chief of the Forest Service is a career federal employee who oversees the entire agency. The Chief reports to the Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment in the U. S. Department of Agriculture, there are five deputy chiefs for the following areas, National Forest System, State and Private Forestry, Research and Development, Business Operations, and Finance. The Forest Service Research and Development deputy area includes five stations, the Forest Products Laboratory. Station directors, like regional foresters, report to the Chief, Research stations include Northern, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Southwest, Rocky Mountain, and Southern. There are 92 research work units located at 67 sites throughout the United States, there are 80 Experimental Forests and Ranges that have been established progressively since 1908, many sites are more than 50 years old
United States Forest Service
–
The Forest Products Laboratory, in
Madison, Wisconsin.
United States Forest Service
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Logo of the U.S. Forest Service
United States Forest Service
–
Map of the nine regions
United States Forest Service
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A horse patrol of the Law Enforcement & Investigations unit
26.
Survivor: Gabon
–
Survivor, Gabon — Earths Last Eden is the 17th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series Survivor. The premiere aired September 25,2008, with the first two episodes screened back-to-back, Survivor, Gabon began filming in late June. It marked the season of the series that was filmed in Africa. Reports from Gabon indicate the show was filmed around the towns of Nyonie. This season, players sent to Exile Island had a choice of receiving a clue to the location of a Hidden Immunity Idol or a comfort item. On April 13,2008, at the National Association of Broadcasterss annual show, Sony announced that the 17th season of Survivor would be the first to be shot in high definition, using Sonys XDCAMs. The show ranked number ten in DVR playback, according to Nielsen prime DVR lift data from September 22,2008 – November 23,2008, the winner was 57-year-old Robert Bob Crowley, a high school physics teacher from Maine. He defeated Susie Smith and Jessica Sugar Kiper in a 4-3-0 vote at the finale to take the million dollar prize. In addition, Bob won the $100,000 Sprint Survivor of the Season award, beating out Matty Whitmore and Sugar, the complete season, including the mid-season recap episode and live reunion show, was released on DVD exclusively through Amazon. com on September 11,2014. Dan Kay, an attorney who was the 8th person voted out in the game died on December 31,2016, Jessica Sugar Kiper and Randy Bailey returned for Survivor, Heroes vs. Villains where they placed 20th and 18th, respectively. Corinne Kaplan was asked to return, but declined due to work obligations, Kiper was also later featured as a patient on Celebrity Rehab. Kaplan eventually returned for Survivor, Caramoan and finished 12th, the players were divided into tribes by a schoolyard pick started by the oldest players, Bob and Gillian. It became evident that Gillians tribe, Fang, was weaker, losing many of the reward and immunity challenges even after a tribal switch, on Bobs tribe, Kota, a series of alliances were formed, strengthened after the swap with the addition of Randy. Both the hidden immunity idol and Exile Island were in play, at Exile, that player had the option of a clue to the immunity idol hidden near Exile, or to relax in a small shack with a provision of fruit and a hammock. Sugar was the player to visit Exile and found the idol on her first visit, she was repeatedly sent back to Exile. On Day 22, both tribes were given clues suggesting a tribal merge, they enjoyed a meal. Unanimously, the agreed to throw the idol away into the ocean. They then discovered they were separate tribes, mixed by random draw
Survivor: Gabon
–
Ken Hoang came in fifth place and was the sixth jury member
Survivor: Gabon
–
Survivor: Gabon
Survivor: Gabon
–
Jessica "Sugar" Kiper, 2nd runner-up of Survivor: Gabon
Survivor: Gabon
–
Robert "Bob" Crowley, winner of Survivor: Gabon
27.
Peterborough, New Hampshire
–
Peterborough is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 6,284 at the 2010 census, the community is 38 miles southwest of Manchester and 72 miles northwest of Boston. Granted by Massachusetts in 1737, it was first permanently settled in 1749, the town suffered several attacks during the French and Indian War. Nevertheless, by 1759, there were fifty families settled, incorporated on January 17,1760 by Governor Benning Wentworth, it was named after Lieutenant Peter Prescott of Concord, Massachusetts, a prominent land speculator. The Contoocook River and Nubanusit Brook offered numerous sites for watermills, in 1810, the first cotton factory was established. By 1859, when the population was 2,222, there were four additional cotton factories, Abiel Abbot, after being charged with heresy by the Connecticut religious establishment, came to Peterborough as minister to the Peterborough Unitarian Church in 1827. Reverend Abbot founded the towns first prep school, the Monadnock Summer Lyceum, other early cultural institutions include Mariarden, a summer theatre where Paul Robeson played in Eugene ONeills The Emperor Jones at a time when roles for black Americans were scarce. Bette Davis performed there as a teen, performance blossomed again in 1976, when Widdie and Jonathon Hall founded the Peterborough Folkway. Within a few years, it became a must play on the East Coast for folk musicians, regular performers included Tom Paxton, Mary Chapin Carpenter, Shawn Colvin, Martin Saxton and Suzanne Vega. In the 1980s, thanks to publisher Wayne Green, Peterborough was clearly the per capita magazine production capital of the world, over 100 magazines, mostly about computers and technology, were published there, these included Byte and MacComputing. Peterboroughs leadership in environmental protection began in the 1990s, when its Earth Day USA office supported the US Air Forces annual Earth Day events around the world, Peterborough is home to the first tax-supported free public library in the United States. The Peterborough Town Library was founded at a meeting on April 9,1833. This idea was revolutionary in a time when subscription libraries were popular, the collection of materials would essentially be owned by the people and free to access. Funds for the formation of the library were available through the State Literacy Fund. The Reverend Abiel Abbot already had experience in creating libraries, due to the success of Abbots libraries, specifically the Town Library, the New Hampshire State Legislature passed a law authorizing towns to raise money to establish and maintain their own libraries. This law was enacted in 1849, making New Hampshire the first state to pass a law of this nature, the library started in the towns general store, which also served as the post office. The postmaster also served as the librarian, until Susan Gates was appointed in 1854. By 1873, it was decided that the materials would be moved to the Town Hall
Peterborough, New Hampshire
–
Town House, built in 1918
Peterborough, New Hampshire
–
Bird's-eye view in 1907
Peterborough, New Hampshire
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Mount Monadnock as viewed from Peterborough
Peterborough, New Hampshire
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View of Main Street c. 1906
28.
Barack Obama
–
Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. He is the first African American to have served as president and he previously served in the U. S. Senate representing Illinois from 2005 to 2008, and in the Illinois State Senate from 1997 to 2004. Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, two years after the territory was admitted to the Union as the 50th state and he grew up mostly in Hawaii, but also spent one year of his childhood in Washington State and four years in Indonesia. After graduating from Columbia University in 1983, he worked as a community organizer in Chicago, in 1988 Obama enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was the first black president of the Harvard Law Review. After graduation, he became a civil rights attorney and professor, Obama represented the 13th District for three terms in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004, when he ran for the U. S. Senate. In 2008, Obama was nominated for president, a year after his campaign began and he was elected over Republican John McCain, and was inaugurated on January 20,2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, during his first two years in office, Obama signed many landmark bills. Main reforms were the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, after a lengthy debate over the national debt limit, Obama signed the Budget Control and the American Taxpayer Relief Acts. In foreign policy, Obama increased U. S. troop levels in Afghanistan, reduced nuclear weapons with the U. S. -Russian New START treaty, and ended military involvement in the Iraq War. He ordered military involvement in Libya in opposition to Muammar Gaddafi, after winning re-election over Mitt Romney, Obama was sworn in for a second term in 2013. Obama also advocated gun control in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, and issued wide-ranging executive actions concerning climate change and immigration. In foreign policy, Obama ordered military intervention in Iraq in response to gains made by ISIL after the 2011 withdrawal from Iraq, Obama left office in January 2017 with a 60% approval rating. He currently resides in Washington, D. C and his presidential library will be built in Chicago. Obama was born on August 4,1961, at Kapiʻolani Maternity & Gynecological Hospital in Honolulu and he is the only President to have been born in Hawaii. He was born to a mother and a black father. His mother, Ann Dunham, was born in Wichita, Kansas, of mostly English descent, with some German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss and his father, Barack Obama Sr. was a married Luo Kenyan man from Nyangoma Kogelo. Obamas parents met in 1960 in a Russian language class at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, the couple married in Wailuku, Hawaii on February 2,1961, six months before Obama was born. In late August 1961, Obamas mother moved him to the University of Washington in Seattle for a year
Barack Obama
–
Barack Obama
Barack Obama
–
Obama with his half-sister
Maya Soetoro-Ng, mother
Ann Dunham and grandfather
Stanley Dunham, in
Honolulu, Hawaii
Barack Obama
–
Obama and others celebrate the naming of a street in Chicago after
ShoreBank co-founder Milton Davis in 1998
Barack Obama
–
Obama in his official portrait as a member of the United States Senate
29.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
–
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California and it is one of the worlds oldest film studios. In 1971, it was announced that MGM would merge with 20th Century Fox, over the next thirty-nine years, the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until, on November 3,2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. MGM Resorts International, a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MGM, is not currently affiliated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1966, MGM was sold to Canadian investor Edgar Bronfman Sr. whose son Edgar Jr. would later buy Universal Studios, the studio continued to produce five to six films a year that were released through other studios, mostly United Artists. Kerkorian did, however, commit to increased production and a film library when he bought United Artists in 1981. MGM ramped up production, as well as keeping production going at UA. It also incurred significant amounts of debt to increase production, the studio took on additional debt as a series of owners took charge in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1986, Ted Turner bought MGM, but a few later, sold the company back to Kerkorian to recoup massive debt. The series of deals left MGM even more heavily in debt, MGM was bought by Pathé Communications in 1990, but Parretti lost control of Pathé and defaulted on the loans used to purchase the studio. The French banking conglomerate Crédit Lyonnais, the major creditor. Even more deeply in debt, MGM was purchased by a joint venture between Kerkorian, producer Frank Mancuso, and Australias Seven Network in 1996, the debt load from these and subsequent business deals negatively affected MGMs ability to survive as an independent motion picture studio. In 1924, movie theater magnate Marcus Loew had a problem and he had bought Metro Pictures Corporation in 1919 for a steady supply of films for his large Loews Theatres chain. With Loews lackluster assortment of Metro films, Loew purchased Goldwyn Pictures in 1924 to improve the quality, however, these purchases created a need for someone to oversee his new Hollywood operations, since longtime assistant Nicholas Schenck was needed in New York headquarters to oversee the 150 theaters. Mayer, Loew addressed the situation by buying Louis B. Mayer Pictures on April 17,1924, Mayer became head of the renamed Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with Irving Thalberg as head of production. MGM produced more than 100 feature films in its first two years, in 1925, MGM released the extravagant and successful Ben-Hur, taking a $4.7 million profit that year, its first full year. Marcus Loew died in 1927, and control of Loews passed to Nicholas Schenck, in 1929, William Fox of Fox Film Corporation bought the Loew familys holdings with Schencks assent. Mayer and Thalberg disagreed with the decision, Mayer was active in the California Republican Party and used his political connections to persuade the Justice Department to delay final approval of the deal on antitrust grounds
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
–
MGM Tower, former company headquarters highlighted by the famous
Leo the Lion logo at the top
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
–
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
–
Clark Gable
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
–
Marie Dressler and
Wallace Beery in
Min and Bill (1930)
30.
Van Johnson
–
Charles Van Dell Johnson was an American film and television actor and dancer who was a major star at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer during and after World War II. Johnson made occasional World War II movies through the end of the 1960s, at the time of his death in December 2008, he was one of the last surviving matinee idols of Hollywoods golden age. Charles Van Dell Johnson was born in Newport, Rhode Island, the child of Loretta, a housewife, and Charles E. Johnson. His father was born in Sweden and came to the United States as a young child and his mother, an alcoholic, left the family when her son was a child, Johnsons relationship with his father was chilly. Johnson performed at clubs in Newport while in high school. He moved to New York City after graduating high school in 1935 and joined an off-Broadway revue. After touring New England in a troupe as a substitute dancer. Johnson returned to the chorus after that, and worked in summer resorts near New York City, in 1939, director and playwright George Abbott cast him in Rodgers and Harts Too Many Girls in the role of a college boy and as understudy for all three male leads. After an uncredited role in the adaptation of Too Many Girls, Abbott hired him as a chorus boy. Johnson was about to back to New York when Lucille Ball took him to Chasens Restaurant, where she introduced him to MGM casting director Billy Grady. This led to tests by Hollywood studios. His test at Columbia Pictures was unsuccessful, but Warner Brothers put him on contract at $300 a week and his all-American good looks and easy demeanor were ill-suited to the gritty movies Warner made at the time, and the studio dropped him at the expiration of his six-month contract. Shortly before leaving Warner, he was cast as a cub reporter opposite Faye Emerson in the 1942 film Murder in the Big House and his eyebrows and hair were dyed black for the role. As with other players at MGM, Johnson was provided with classes in acting, speech. Johnson subsequently appeared in Pilot No.5 and in William Saroyans The Human Comedy, which was produced in 1943, and in the role in Two Girls. Johnsons big break was in A Guy Named Joe, starring Spencer Tracy and Irene Dunne, when the crash happened, Johnsons scalp was nearly sheared off. The closest rescue units responded, but because the accident happened just over the county line. Johnson had to slap his scalp into place and literally crawl nearly 50 yards to get to the workers for aid
Van Johnson
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Johnson in a publicity photo, 1972
Van Johnson
–
The handprints of Van Johnson in front of
The Great Movie Ride at
Walt Disney World 's
Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park
Van Johnson
–
Johnson, in
Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944)
Van Johnson
–
Johnson continued to star in war dramas after the war ended, including
Battleground (1949).
31.
Battleground (1949 film)
–
It stars Van Johnson, John Hodiak, Ricardo Montalban and George Murphy, and features James Whitmore. It was directed by William Wellman from a script by Robert Pirosh, the film is notable for portraying American soldiers as vulnerable and human. Battleground is considered to be the first significant American film about World War II to be made, jim Layton and his buddy Pvt. William J. Hooper are fresh replacements assigned to companies in the 327th Glider Infantry Regiment. As a newcomer Layton receives a chilly welcome from his squad, PFC Holley returns to the company after recuperating from a wound sustained from fighting in the Netherlands. Instead of going on leave in Paris, the squad is trucked back to the front to help stop a surprise German breakthrough in the Ardennes and they stop that night in the town of Bastogne. The platoon is put up for the night in the apartment of a young woman, Denise. Jarvess is informed by Denise that she is taking care of two orphaned French girls, Jarvess later goes on guard in the village, where he runs into a group of battle weary soldiers. The soldiers inform Jarvess that they are making a strategic withdrawal, the next morning, led by Platoon Sgt. Kinnie, the men are ordered to dig in on the outskirts of town, just as they are nearly done, they are ordered to a new location and have to dig in again. Holley, Layton and Kippton stand guard that night at a roadblock, a patrol of German soldiers, disguised as American soldiers, infiltrates their position and later blows up a nearby bridge. In the morning the squad awakes to a winter storm. Roderigues, a Latino from Los Angeles, is delighted by the novelty of snow, Layton goes over to see his friend Hooper, only to find that he had been killed hours before, and that no one in his company knew his name. Kinnie informs the squad about the infiltration and sends out a patrol—Holley, Roderigues, just before they start out, the platoon is shelled by German artillery, causing Bettis to panic and desert. During the barrage Layton reminds his squad leader, Sgt, wolowicz, of his name and finds for the first time that he has been accepted as a part of the squad. Holleys patrol briefly skirmishes with the infiltrators, Roderigues is wounded by machine-gun fire from an enemy tank. He is unable to walk, so Holley hastily conceals him under a disabled jeep half-buried in snow, unfortunately, by the time they can get back to him, Roderigues has died due to the exposure of the elements. Wolowicz, who has been wounded by shellfire, and a sick Cpl, standiferd are sent back to a field hospital
Battleground (1949 film)
–
Theatrical poster
32.
Spencer Tracy
–
Spencer Bonaventure Tracy was an American actor, noted for his natural style and versatility. One of the stars of Hollywoods Golden Age, Tracy was nominated for nine Academy Awards for Best Actor. Tracy first discovered his talent for acting while attending Ripon College and he spent seven years in the theatre, working in a succession of stock companies and intermittently on Broadway. Tracys breakthrough came in 1930, when his performance in The Last Mile caught the attention of Hollywood. After a successful debut in Up the River, Tracy was signed to a contract with Fox Film Corporation. His five years with Fox were unremarkable, and he remained unknown to audiences after 25 films. In 1935 Tracy joined Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, at the time Hollywoods most prestigious studio and his career flourished with a series of hit films, and in 1937 and 1938 he won consecutive Oscars for Captains Courageous and Boys Town. By the 1940s, Tracy was one of the top stars. In 1942 he appeared with Katharine Hepburn in Woman of the Year, Tracy left MGM in 1955 and continued to work regularly as a freelance star, despite an increasing weariness as he aged. His personal life was troubled, with a struggle against alcoholism. Tracy became estranged from his wife in the 1930s, but never divorced, towards the end of his life, Tracy worked almost exclusively for director Stanley Kramer. It was for Kramer that he made his last film, Guess Whos Coming to Dinner in 1967, during his career, Tracy appeared in 75 films and developed a reputation among his peers as one of the screens greatest actors. In 1999 the American Film Institute ranked Tracy as the 9th greatest male star of Classic Hollywood Cinema, Tracy was born on April 5,1900, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was the son of Caroline and John Edward Tracy. His mother was a Presbyterian from a wealthy Midwestern family, and his one brother, Carroll, was four years older. Spencer was a difficult and hyperactive child with poor school attendance, raised as a Catholic, at nine years old he was placed in the care of Dominican nuns in the hope of transforming his behavior. Later in life he remarked, I never would have back to school if there had been any other way of learning to read the subtitles in the movies. He became fascinated with motion pictures, watching the same ones repeatedly and then re-enacting scenes to his friends, Tracy attended several Jesuit academies in his teenage years, which he claimed took the badness out of him and helped him improve his grades
Spencer Tracy
–
Promotional image for
State of the Union (1948)
Spencer Tracy
–
Northwestern Military and Naval Academy, 1919
Spencer Tracy
–
George M. Cohan, who called Tracy "the best goddamned actor I've ever seen" when they began working together in the 1920s.
Spencer Tracy
–
With
Dickie Moore in
Disorderly Conduct (1932), Tracy's seventh film
33.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
–
The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
–
Walter Brennan was the first winner in this category for 1936's
Come and Get It; He would also win for his roles in
Kentucky (1938) and
The Westerner (1940).
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
–
Van Heflin won in 1942 for his performance in
Johnny Eager.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
–
George Sanders won for his role in 1950's
All About Eve.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
–
Karl Malden won in 1951 for
A Streetcar Named Desire.
34.
Golden Globe Award
–
Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
Golden Globe Award
–
The Golden Globe statuette
35.
Angels in the Outfield (1951 film)
–
Angels in the Outfield is a 1951 American comedy film produced and directed by Clarence Brown and starring Paul Douglas and Janet Leigh. The film was released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on October 19,1951, with baseballs Pittsburgh Pirates in last place, their combative, foul-mouthed manager Guffy McGovern has plenty to complain about. With the help of the ghosts of past baseball greats. Local newspaper reporter and former household hints writer Jennifer Paige inadvertently transforms Bridgets angelic visions into a news story. Complication piles upon complication until the game, wherein Guffy is forced to rely exclusively upon the talents of his ballplayers—notably over the hill pitcher Saul Hellman. Guffy also wins over Jennifer, and they plan to adopt young Bridget, the angels themselves are never actually seen by the viewing audience, just the effects of their presence—a feather dropping, or someone being jostled from time to time. The angel who talks to Guffy never reveals who he was in life and it being a time when profanity was never used in films, the swearing uttered by Guffy is audio gibberish, scrambled recordings of his own voice. Bing Crosby has a cameo in the film, playing golf. At that time, Crosby was an owner of the Pirates. Baseball greats Ty Cobb and Joe DiMaggio, along with Hollywood songwriter Harry Ruby, are interviewed regarding the angels, barbara Billingsley has an uncredited role as a hat check girl at Johns Steakhouse. Historians may note several distinguishing features of Forbes Field at the time, one is the Kiners Korner inner fence in left field, with the 365-feet left field foul line marker observable on the outer wall, and the 335-feet sign on the inner fence. The other distance markers are visible in some scenes, the University of Pittsburghs Cathedral of Learning is prominent in many shots filmed in Forbes Field. A few scenes were shot on location at Wrigley Field, conveniently sited in South Los Angeles. Some stock footage alleged to be the Polo Grounds in New York City was actually Comiskey Park in Chicago, as evidenced by a glimpse of an auxiliary scoreboard reading Visitors. Star Paul Douglas two years earlier had played a catcher in another comedy film, It Happens Every Spring. Rothberg, one of the Pirate players, is played by Jeff Richards, fred Graham, who appears as Chunk, had been a semi-pro ballplayer, while another member of the cast, Paul Salata, who has the role of Tony Minelli, played professional football from 1949-53. According to MGM records the film made $1,466,000 in the US and Canada, once studio overhead was added, the film recorded a net loss of $171,000
Angels in the Outfield (1951 film)
–
Theatrical release poster
36.
The Asphalt Jungle
–
The Asphalt Jungle is a 1950 film noir and heist film directed by John Huston. Based on the 1949 novel of the name by W. R. Burnett. The film stars Sterling Hayden, Louis Calhern, Jean Hagen, James Whitmore, Sam Jaffe, and John McIntire, the film was nominated for four Academy Awards. In 2008, The Asphalt Jungle was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, Emmerich listens to Docs plan to steal jewelry worth a million dollars or more. Doc needs $50,000 to hire three men—a box man, a driver, and a hooligan—to help him pull off the caper, Emmerich agrees to provide the money and assume the responsibility for disposing of the loot. Doc hires Louie Ciavelli, a professional safecracker, Ciavelli only trusts Gus Minissi, a hunchbacked diner owner, as the getaway driver. The final member of the gang is Dix Handley, a friend of Gus, Dix explains his goal to Doll Conovan, who is in love with him. His dream is to buy back the farm that his father lost during the Great Depression. During the crime, the carry out their work. Ciavelli hammers through a wall to get into the jewelry store, deactivates a door alarm to let in Doc and Dix. On their way out, Dix slugs an arriving security guard, who drops his revolver, the men get away unseen, but a police manhunt begins. Ciavelli insists on being taken home by Gus, Dix and Doc take the loot to Emmerich, who is broke. He had sent a detective named Bob Brannom to collect sums owed to him. Emmerich then plotted to double cross the others with Brannoms help, Emmerich suggests to Doc that he leave the jewelry with him, but Doc and Dix become suspicious. Brannom then pulls out his gun, Dix kills Brannom but is wounded himself. Doc tells the lawyer to contact the insurance companies and offer to return the valuables for 25% of their value, Emmerich disposes of Brannoms body in the river, but the police find the corpse and question him. He lies about his whereabouts and calls Angela Phinlay, his mistress, under pressure from Police Commissioner Hardy, a police lieutenant named Ditrich beats the bookie into confessing everything in a vain attempt to save himself. With the confession, Hardy arrests Emmerich, persuading Angela to tell the truth, Emmerich is permitted to leave the room for a minute and commits suicide
The Asphalt Jungle
–
Theatrical release poster
37.
The Next Voice You Hear...
–
The Next Voice You Hear. is a 1950 drama film in which a voice claiming to be that of God preempts all radio programs for days all over the world. It stars James Whitmore and Nancy Davis as Joe and Mary Smith and it was based on a short story of the same name by George Sumner Albee. The voice is never heard by the audience, the production of the film, from script stage to screen, was extensively covered as the subject of producer Dore Scharys 1950 book Case History of a Movie. The hymn-like theme used for the main and end titles would later be published as Hasten the Day, surviving portions of Raksins score, excluding some source music, were released on compact disc in 2009 on the Film Score Monthly label. According to MGM records the film earned $668,000 in the US and Canada and $120,000 overseas, resulting in a loss to the studio of $65,000. The Next Voice You Hear. at the Internet Movie Database The Next Voice You Hear at AllMovie The Next Voice You Hear. at the TCM Movie Database A Case History of a Movie at Internet Archive
The Next Voice You Hear...
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The Next Voice You Hear...
38.
Above and Beyond (film)
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For the 2014 film of the same name, see Above and Beyond. Above and Beyond is a 1952 American war film about Lt. Col. Paul W. Tibbets and it stars Robert Taylor as Tibbets and features a love story with Eleanor Parker as his wife. James Whitmore plays security officer Major Bill Uanna, the story of the dropping of the atomic bomb is treated as a docudrama with an effort to recreate the training and operational aspects of the military units involved in the Hiroshima mission. Col. Paul W. Tibbets, Jr. is assigned to a mission in testing a new bomber. The perilous assignment has caused his wife Lucy to worry for his life and whether their marriage can survive the constant separations. After a year of scrutiny, Maj. Gen. Vernon C. Brent who not only championed Tibbets as a test pilot, selects him to lead a new unit in the Pacific war, flying the B-29, armed with a new secret weapon. Scientists of the Manhattan Project explain what is the best kept secret of the war, flying out to the Pacific island base of Tinian, the B-29 designated for the Hiroshima bombing is named the Enola Gay. Back on Tinian, the crew is mobbed and although a second mission is mounted, Tibbets finally returns home, flying first to Washington where he has a joyous reunion with his wife. A film depicting the problems might help raise morale, Lay suggested a film based on the experiences of Colonel Paul Tibbets, commander of the 509th Composite Group during World War II. LeMay approved, and after writing an outline, Lay handed over scriptwriting duties to Melvin Frank, ultimately, Begg, Major Norman W. Ray and Major James B. Bean served as USAF technical advisors. The production wound up on March 26,1952, for dramatic effect, some incidents were somewhat exaggerated, such as the scene in which the Hiroshima bomb is armed in mid-flight. The filmmakers added some turbulence to increase tension, although in fact the flight was perfectly smooth throughout, in addition, the entire mission was filmed in daylight, although actual takeoff from Tinian was in full darkness at 2,45 in the morning. When initial reviews came in, Taylors performance in Above and Beyond was considered the finest performance of his career to date, Taylor was also proud of his accomplishments in the film and urged MGM to allow him to promote the film on television. Although the studio was hesitant about the appearance, the publicity gained was important to the films initial success. He liked Taylor in the scenes, but not in the scenes concerning his marriage. Reviewer Robert Parish considered the film a comprehensive if lengthy account that was a too meticulous detail-by-detail presentation, leonard Maltin considered the film, a meaningful account of an important event. A more tepid later review by Alun Evans, noted the film was pretty boring fare, but the right kind of Hollywood fodder for the days of McCarthy and Stalin. According to MGM records the film earned $2,647,000 in the US and Canada and $1,333,000 overseas, resulting in a profit of $1,037,000
Above and Beyond (film)
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The Enola Gay, after the
Hiroshima mission, entering the
hardstand at Tinian.
Above and Beyond (film)
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Theatrical release poster
39.
Kiss Me, Kate (film)
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Kiss Me Kate is a 1953 MGM film adaptation of the Broadway musical of the same name. Already on poor terms, the pair begin an all-out emotional war mid-performance that threatens the productions success, the only thing keeping the show together are threats from a pair of gangsters, who have come to collect a gambling debt from the shows Lucentio, Bill Calhoun. In classic musical comedy fashion, slapstick madness ensues before everything is resolved, dorothy Kingsleys screenplay, which was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award, was adapted from the musicals book by Samuel and Bella Spewack. The songs were by Cole Porter, with musical underscoring by Saul Chaplin and André Previn, hermes Pan choreographed the dance routines. The movie was filmed in 3-D using the most advanced methods of that technique then available, devotees of the stereoscopic 3-D medium usually cite this film as one of the best examples of a Hollywood release in polarized 3D. Fred Graham and Lilli Vanessi, a couple, meet at Freds apartment to hear the score for the Cole Porter musical version of The Taming of the Shrew. Lois Lane, who is to play Bianca, arrives and sings Too Darn Hot, Lilli almost decides against performing in the show, as she fears it might interfere with her honeymoon. But when she overhears Cole and Fred promising Lois the part, Lois laments Bills bad-boy lifestyle, but Bills winsome charm soon wins her over, and she forgives him. Meanwhile, after a confrontation during rehearsals, Fred and Lilli get together in Lillis dressing room. Fred later sends flowers to Lois but his butler gets confused, Lilli is overcome by this romantic gesture and falls back in love with Fred. The show gets underway, with Fred, Lilli, Lois, the main body of the play is their enactment of Shakespeares The Taming of The Shrew - the script is largely the same as Shakespeares, but interspersed with Cole Porters songs. In the play, Bianca, the daughter of Baptista, a Paduan merchant, wishes to marry. Bianca has three suitors – Gremio, Hortensio and Lucentio – and each of them try to persuade her to him as her husband. She is prepared to marry anyone, lucentios friend Petruchio arrives in Padua, seeking a wife, and when he hears of Katherine, he resolves to woo her. Katherine, however, hates the idea of getting married, Lilli is so moved by Freds heartfelt delivery of the song, that she cant resist reading the card that came with the flowers, having placed it next to her heart. She sees that it is addressed to Lois, and attacks Fred mercilessly on stage, as the curtain comes down, Fred has had enough, and spanks Lilli. Lilli resolves to leave the theatre with her fiancé, Tex Calloway, she phones him, meanwhile, Lippy and Slug, a pair of gang enforcers, arrive to collect Bills IOU from Fred. Fred decides to accept the IOU and convinces Lippy and Slug that he needs them to help keep Lilli from leaving so the show will be enough for Fred to afford the debt
Kiss Me, Kate (film)
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Theatrical release poster
40.
Them!
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Them. is a 1954 American black-and-white science fiction monster film from Warner Bros. Pictures, produced by David Weisbart, directed by Gordon Douglas, that stars James Whitmore, Edmund Gwenn, Joan Weldon, the film is based on an original story treatment by George Worthing Yates, which was then developed into a screenplay by Ted Sherdeman and Russell Hughes. Them. is one of the first of the 1950s nuclear monster films, the national search that follows finally culminates in a battle with Them in the concrete spillways and sewers of Los Angeles. State Police Sergeant Ben Peterson and Trooper Ed Blackburn discover a girl wandering the desert near Alamogordo. They take her to a home owned by an FBI Special Agent named Ellinson on vacation with his family. The girl briefly reacts to a strange, pulsating high-pitched noise, a general store owner named Gramps Johnson is found dead, and Peterson leaves Blackburn in the store. He goes outside to investigate after the strange, pulsating noise is heard again, gunshots are fired, the sound grows faster and louder, and Blackburns scream is heard. Petersons boss in New Mexico points out that Gramps had time to all his ammunition. More puzzling is the report on Johnsons death, He died from a broken neck, back, skull fracture, crushed abdomen. The FBI sends Special Agent Robert Graham to New Mexico to investigate, sending a print found near the Ellisons RV, the Department of Agriculture sent Dr. Harold Medford and his daughter Dr. Pat Medford, both myrmecologists. The elder Medford exposes the Ellinson girl to formic acid fumes and his suspicions are validated by her reaction, but he will not reveal his theory prematurely. At the Ellinson campsite, Pat encounters a giant, eight-foot long foraging ant, on directions from the elder Medford, Peterson and Graham destroy the ants antennae, blinding it, they then kill it with their Thompson submachine gun. Medford reveals his theory, A colony of giant ants, mutated by radiation from the first atomic bomb test near Alamogordo, is responsible for the killings, general OBrien orders a helicopter search, and the skeletal remains of past victims are discovered near the ants nest. Cyanide gas bombs are used, and Graham, Peterson, deep inside, Pat finds evidence that two queen ants have hatched and have escaped to establish new colonies. The elder Medford gives a briefing on ants to a government task force, One report shows a private pilot has been committed to a mental hospital after claiming that he was forced down by UFOs, shaped like giant ants. Next, the Coast Guard receives a report of a giant queen hatching her brood in the hold of a freighter at sea in the Pacific, giant ants attack the ships crew, the freighter is later sunk by U. S. Navy gunfire. A third report leads Peterson, Graham, and Major Kibby to large sugar theft at a yard in Los Angeles. An alcoholic in a drunk tank claims he has seen giant ants outside his window
Them!
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Theatrical release poster
Them!
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Opening title card with the background in black and white and Them! in red and blue.
41.
Oklahoma! (1955 film)
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Is a 1955 musical film based on the 1943 stage musical Oklahoma. The production was the musical directed by Fred Zinnemann. Was the first feature photographed in the Todd-AO70 mm widescreen process. The film received a review from The New York Times. Was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, Curly rides his horse through the cornfield. He arrives at Aunt Ellers farm, Laurey Williams, is Aunt Ellers niece, with whom Curly is in love. Laurey clearly feels the way, but is loath to admit it. Curly has come to ask her to a party that night, to make him jealous, she agrees to go with Jud, Aunt Ellers surly hired hand, though she is afraid of him. Aunt Eller meets roving cowboy Will Parker at the station, who has just returned from Kansas City, meanwhile, Laurey meets up with Ado Annie, who is with another man, a traveling salesman named Ali Hakim. Laurey reminds her that Will Parker is returning from Kansas, Ado Annie is in a dilemma, unable to decide between Will and Ali. She explains to Laurey that she can never resist a romantic man, will is reunited with Ado Annie, and meets Ali Hakim, unaware that he has been spending time with Ado Annie. He reminds Ado Annie that her father has agreed to let him marry her in exchange for $50 and he has managed to earn $50 – but has spent it all on presents for Ado Annie. She initially tries to resist, but Will wins her over, several local families arrive at Aunt Ellers ranch to prepare for the party that night. When Gertie flirts with Curly, he is uninterested, but uses the flirtation to make Laurey jealous, Laurey is hurt, but, as she and the other girls freshen up for the party, she tries to convince them, and herself, that she doesnt care. Ado Annies father learns that Will has spent all his money, in the orchard, Laurey tells Curly to keep his distance, but Curly is quick to point out that she is as much to blame for the rumours as he is. Curly asks Laurey if she will go to the party with him instead, in anger, Curly goes to confront Jud about his feelings for Laurey. At first, things seem harmless enough, Curly teases Jud about his reputation, and Jud joins in. But Jud deduces why Curly has come to see him, as the party draws near, Laurey is miserable
Oklahoma! (1955 film)
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DVD cover (With A "
THX " Logo)
42.
Black Like Me
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Griffin was a native of Dallas, Texas, who had his skin temporarily darkened to pass as a black man. He traveled for six weeks throughout the racially segregated states of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, sepia Magazine financed the project in exchange for the right to print the account first as a series of articles. Griffin kept a journal of his experiences, the 188-page diary was the genesis of the book, when he started his project in 1959, race relations in America were particularly strained. The title of the book is taken from the last line of the Langston Hughes poem Dream Variations, in 1964, a film version of Black Like Me, starring James Whitmore, was produced. A generation later, Robert Bonazzi published a book about Griffin, these events, and his life, Man in the Mirror, John Howard Griffin. In late 1959, John Howard Griffin went to a house in New Orleans. Once there, under the care of a dermatologist, Griffin underwent a regimen of oral doses of the anti-vitiligo drug methoxsalen. When he could pass as an African American, Griffin began a journey in the South. Don Rutledge traveled with him, documenting the experience with photos, during his trip, Griffin abided by the rule that he would not change his name or alter his identity, if asked who he was or what he was doing, he would tell the truth. In the beginning, he decided to talk as little as possible to ease his transition into the milieu of southern U. S. blacks. He became accustomed everywhere to the hate stare received from whites, after he disguised himself, many people who knew Griffin as a white man did not recognize him. Sterling Williams, a shoeshine man in the French Quarter whom Griffin regarded as a casual friend. Because Griffin wanted assistance in entering into the community, he decided to tell Sterling about his identity. He first hinted that he wore the same shoes as somebody else. He turned a question about a Catholic church into a joke about spending much of your time praying for a place to piss, on a bus trip, Griffin began to give his seat to a white woman, but disapproving looks from black passengers stopped him. He thought he had a breakthrough with the woman, but she insulted him. After his book was published, Griffin received many letters of support and he said they helped him understand the experience. Griffin became a celebrity for a time
Black Like Me
–
Black Like Me
43.
Guns of the Magnificent Seven
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The film was directed by Paul Wendkos and produced by Vincent M. Fennelly. It stars George Kennedy as Chris Adams, the character Yul Brynner portrayed in the first two films, the additions to the cast to make up the new seven are Monte Markham, Bernie Casey, James Whitmore, Reni Santoni, Joe Don Baker and Scott Thomas. Each have their quirks and baggage and they band together to help free a Mexican revolutionary and help fight the oppression of sadistic militarist Diego played by Michael Ansara. Elmer Bernstein once again provides the music, in late 19th-century Mexico, Federales capture Quintero, a revolutionary who attempts to rally those opposing the dictatorship of President Díaz. Before going to prison, Quintero gives his lieutenant, Maximiliano OLeary, en route to Mexico, the motley band of Americans becomes less mercenary when observing the brutal treatment of the peasants. Their journey is marked by encounters with a political prisoners little boy, Emiliano Zapata and a pretty peasant girl, Tina, when Lobero learns that Max did not buy guns with the $600, he refuses to allow his men to take part in Quinteros rescue. Realizing that he needs support, Chris frees a prison gang that includes Zapatas father, despite their superior fighting skills and strategy, Chris men are outnumbered and their valiant effort to free Quintero appears doomed. At the last moment,50 of Loberos bandits, having slain their leader for his lack of patriotism, thunder onto the prison grounds, of the original seven, only Chris, Max and Levi survive. Before riding home, Chris and Levi leave behind the $600 the peasants had collected, Guns of the Magnificent Seven was preceded by Return of the Seven in 1966, and followed by The Magnificent Seven Ride in 1972. Executive producer Walter Mirisch felt that in the market of filmgoers. Yul Brynner did not want to return to the role of Chris, Mirisch surrounded Kennedy with a strong cast, with Monte Markham giving a thinly-disguised Steve McQueen-like performance, in the same wardrobe McQueen wore in The Magnificent Seven. Elmer Bernstein was on hand to reprise part of original score of The Magnificent Seven, Mirisch also had his contract director Paul Wendkos direct. The producer of the film, Vincent M. Fennelly, had worked with Mirisch at Monogram and had produced the Clint Eastwood Western TV series Rawhide, Guns of the Magnificent Seven did very well at the international box office. Guns of the Magnificent Seven was filmed in Panavision at locales in Spain, most Spaghetti Westerns were made on low budgets, using inexpensive locales resembling the semiarid landscapes of the American Southwest and Northern Mexico. A popular setting was the Tabernas Desert in the Province of Almería in southeastern Spain, at the studios of Texas Hollywood, Mini Hollywood, Guns of the Magnificent Seven was not well received by critics. The review in Variety was more kind, Guns of the Magnificent Seven is a handy follow-up to the 1960 original Magnificent Seven and Return of the Seven. It rises above a story line via rugged treatment and action builds to a blazing gunplay climax. Guns of the Magnificent Seven at the Internet Movie Database Guns of the Magnificent Seven at AllMovie Guns of the Magnificent Seven at the TCM Movie Database
Guns of the Magnificent Seven
–
Original
film poster
44.
Tora! Tora! Tora!
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Tora. is a 1970 Japanese-American historical war film that dramatizes the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. The title is the Japanese codeword used to indicate that complete surprise had been achieved, in August 1939, a trade embargo imposed by the United States is depriving a belligerent Japan of raw materials. Influential army figures and politicians push through an alliance with Germany and Italy in September 1940, the newly appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto reluctantly orders the planning of a preemptive strike on the U. S. Pacific Fleet anchored at Pearl Harbor, believing that Japans best hope of achieving control of the Pacific Ocean is to annihilate the fleet at the outset of hostilities. Air Staff Officer Minoru Genda is chosen to mastermind the operation while his old Naval Academy classmate Mitsuo Fuchida is selected to lead the attack, monitoring the transmissions are U. S. Army Col. Bratton and U. S. Navy Lt. Commander Kramer. Short recommends parking all aircraft at the base on the runways, several months pass with diplomatic tensions continuing to escalate between the U. S. and Japan. As the Japanese ambassador continues negotiations to stall for time, the Japanese fleet sorties into the Pacific, at dawn on December 7, the Japanese fleet launches its aircraft. As a result, the Japanese achieve complete surprise and a joyous commander Fuchida, riding in a Nakajima B5N Kate, sends the code to begin the attack, meeting no opposition, the Japanese planes savage Pearl Harbor with a series of attacks. The damage to the base is catastrophic with the Americans suffering severe casualties. Seven battleships are sunk or heavily damaged. Hours after the attack is over, General Short and Admiral Kimmel finally receive Marshalls telegram warning of impending danger, in Washington, the Secretary of State Cordell Hull is stunned on learning of the attack and urgently requests confirmation before receiving the Japanese ambassador. The message that was transmitted to the Japanese embassy in 14 parts – a declaration of war – was meant to be delivered to the Americans at 1,00 pm,30 minutes before the attack. However, it was not decoded and transcribed in time, with the result that the attack took place while the two nations were still at peace. The distraught Japanese ambassador, helpless to explain the late ultimatum, noting that nothing would infuriate the Americans more he concludes, I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve. The film was deliberately cast with actors who were not true box-office stars, the original cast list had included many Japanese amateurs. Despite a breakthrough in intelligence, they had received limited warning of the risk of aerial attack. Recognizing that a balanced and objective recounting was necessary, Zanuck developed an American-Japanese co-production and he was helped out by his son, Richard D. Zanuck, who was chief executive at Fox during this time. Tora. took three years to plan and prepare for the eight months of principal photography, the film was created in two separate productions, one based in the United States, directed by Richard Fleischer, and one based in Japan
Tora! Tora! Tora!
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The
North American T-6 Texan stood in for the
A6M Zero as there were no airworthy types at that time. Only Zeros from the carrier Akagi were depicted, identifiable by the single red band on the rear fuselage.
Tora! Tora! Tora!
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Original movie poster
Tora! Tora! Tora!
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A number of
P-40 mockups were blown up during filming. This example, which was spared destruction, is currently on display at
Wheeler Army Airfield, with markings identical to those of 2nd Lt
George Welch.
Tora! Tora! Tora!
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USS Yorktown during the filming of Tora! Tora! Tora!, 1968.
45.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, since its inception, the award has been given to 79 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars, spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
Academy Award for Best Actor
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Emil Jannings (center) was the first winner in this category for his roles in 1928's
The Last Command and 1927's
The Way of All Flesh.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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Warner Baxter won in 1928 for his performance in
In Old Arizona.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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George Arliss won in 1929 for his performance in
Disraeli.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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Lionel Barrymore won in 1930 for his performance in
A Free Soul.
46.
President of the United States
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The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-in-chief of the worlds most expensive military with the second largest nuclear arsenal and leading the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP. The office of President holds significant hard and soft power both in the United States and abroad, Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president is responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of the party to which the president is a member. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the United States, since the office of President was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. However, nine vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having elected to the office. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits anyone from being elected president for a third term, in all,44 individuals have served 45 presidencies spanning 57 full four-year terms. On January 20,2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th, in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. The new states, though independent of each other as nation states, desiring to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy, Congress negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish a weak alliance between the states. Out from under any monarchy, the states assigned some formerly royal prerogatives to Congress, only after all the states agreed to a resolution settling competing western land claims did the Articles take effect on March 1,1781, when Maryland became the final state to ratify them. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies, with peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. Prospects for the convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washingtons attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. It was through the negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the U. S. The first power the Constitution confers upon the president is the veto, the Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options, Sign the legislation, the bill becomes law. Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections, in this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation
President of the United States
–
Incumbent
Barack Obama since January 20, 2009 (2009-01-20)
President of the United States
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Presidential Seal
President of the United States
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Obama signing legislation at the
Resolute desk
President of the United States
–
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, successfully preserved the
Union during the
American Civil War
47.
Harry S Truman
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Harry S. Truman was an American politician who served as the 33rd President of the United States, assuming the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt during the waning months of World War II. In domestic affairs, he was a moderate Democrat whose liberal proposals were a continuation of Franklin Roosevelts New Deal, but the conservative-dominated Congress blocked most of them. He also used weapons to end World War II, desegregated the U. S. armed forces, supported a newly independent Israel. Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri, and spent most of his youth on his familys 600-acre farm near Independence, in the last months of World War I, he served in combat in France as an artillery officer with his National Guard unit. After the war, he owned a haberdashery in Kansas City, Missouri, and joined the Democratic Party. Truman was first elected to office as a county official in 1922. After serving as a United States Senator from Missouri and briefly as Vice President, he succeeded to the presidency on April 12,1945, upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Germany surrendered on Trumans 61st birthday, just a few weeks after he assumed the presidency, but the war with Imperial Japan raged on and was expected to last at least another year. Although this decision and the issues that arose as a result of it remain the subject of debate to this day. Truman presided over a surge in economic prosperity as America sought readjustment after long years of depression. His presidency was a point in foreign affairs, as the United States engaged in an internationalist foreign policy. Truman helped found the United Nations in 1945, issued the Truman Doctrine in 1947 to contain Communism and his political coalition was based on the white South, labor unions, farmers, ethnic groups, and traditional Democrats across the North. Truman was able to rally groups of supporters during the 1948 presidential election. The Soviet Union became an enemy in the Cold War, Truman oversaw the Berlin Airlift of 1948 and the creation of NATO in 1949, but was unable to stop Communists from taking over China. When communist North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950, he sent U. S. troops, after initial successes in Korea, however, the UN forces were thrown back by Chinese intervention, and the conflict was stalemated throughout the final years of Trumans presidency. Scholars, starting in 1962, ranked Trumans presidency as near great, Harry S. Truman was born on May 8,1884, in Lamar, Missouri, the oldest child of John Anderson Truman and Martha Ellen Young Truman. His parents chose the name Harry after his mothers brother, Harrison Harry Young, while the S did not stand for any one name, it was chosen as his middle initial to honor both of his grandfathers, Anderson Shipp Truman and Solomon Young. The initial has been written and printed followed by a period
Harry S Truman
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Harry S. Truman
Harry S Truman
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Truman in uniform ca. 1918
Harry S Truman
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Drawer from the Senate desk used by Truman
Harry S Truman
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Roosevelt /Truman poster from 1944
48.
William Halsey, Jr.
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William Frederick Halsey Jr. GBE, known as Bill Halsey or Bull Halsey, was an American fleet admiral in the United States Navy. At the start of the War in the Pacific Halsey commanded the task force centered on the carrier Enterprise in a series of raids against Japanese-held targets. He was made commander, South Pacific Area and led the Allied forces over the course of the Battle for Guadalcanal, in 1943 he was made commander of the Third Fleet, the post he held through the rest of the war. Halsey was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, on October 30,1882 and his father was a descendant of Senator Rufus King, who was an American lawyer, politician, diplomat, and Federalist. After waiting two years to receive an appointment to the United States Naval Academy, Halsey decided to study medicine at the University of Virginia and he chose Virginia because his best friend, Karl Osterhause, was there. While there, Halsey joined the Delta Psi fraternity and was also a member of the secretive Seven Society, after his first year, Halsey received his appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, and entered the Academy in the fall of 1900. Halsey graduated from the Naval Academy on February 2,1904, after lettering in football as a fullback and earning several athletic honors. He spent his service years in battleships and sailed with the main battle fleet aboard the battleship USS Kansas as Roosevelts Great White Fleet circumnavigated the globe from 1907 to 1909. Halsey was on the bridge of the battleship USS Missouri on Wednesday, April 13,1904, No explosion occurred, but the rapid burning of the powder burnt and suffocated to death 31 officers and men. This resulted in Halsey dreading the 13th of every month, especially when it fell on a Friday, after his service on the Missouri, Halsey served aboard torpedo boats, beginning with USS Du Pont in 1909. Halsey was one of the few officers who was promoted directly from Ensign to full lieutenant, at that time, the destroyer and the torpedo boat, though extremely hazardous, were the most effective way to bring the torpedo into combat against capital ships. Lieutenant Commander Halseys World War I service, including command of USS Shaw in 1918, in October 1922, he was the naval attaché at the American Embassy in Berlin, Germany. One year later, he was given additional duty as naval attaché at the American Embassies in Christiana, Norway, Copenhagen, Denmark and he then returned to sea duty, again in destroyers in European waters, in command of USS Dale and USS Osborne. In 1934 the chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics, Navy Admiral Ernest King, offered Halsey command of the aircraft carrier USS Saratoga, Captain Halsey elected to enroll as a cadet for the full 12-week Naval Aviator course rather than the simpler Naval Aviation Observer program. I thought it better to be able to fly the aircraft itself than to just sit back and be at the mercy of the pilot. Halsey earned his Naval Aviators Wings on May 15,1935, at the age of 52 and he went on to command the Saratoga, and later the Naval Air Station Pensacola at Pensacola, Florida. Halsey considered airpower an important part of the navy, commenting, The naval officer in the next war had better know his aviation. Captain Halsey was promoted to admiral in 1938
William Halsey, Jr.
–
William Halsey, Jr.
William Halsey, Jr.
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Admiral Halsey as he appears at the
National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C.
William Halsey, Jr.
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An SBD Dauntless flies anti-submarine patrol over Enterprise and Saratoga.
William Halsey, Jr.
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Halsey in the South Pacific.
49.
Anthology series
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An anthology series is a radio or television series that presents a different story and a different set of characters in each episode or season/series. Some anthology series, such as Studio One, began on radio, many popular old-time radio programs were anthology series. On some series, such as Inner Sanctum Mysteries, the constant was the host. One of the earliest such programs was The Collier Hour, broadcast on the NBC Blue Network from 1927 to 1932, as radios first major dramatic anthology, it adapted stories and serials from Colliers Weekly in a calculated move to increase subscriptions and compete with The Saturday Evening Post. Weird The Haunting Hour The Sealed Book Mystery in the Air The Weird Circle Quiet, the stars would own the studio and the program, as Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz had done successfully with Desilu studio. Powell had intended for the program to feature himself, Charles Boyer, Joel McCrea, when Russell and McCrea backed out, David Niven came on board as the third star. The fourth star was initially a guest star, CBS liked the idea, and Four Star Playhouse made its debut in fall of 1952. It ran on alternate weeks only during the first season, alternating with Amos n Andy and it was successful enough to be renewed and became a weekly program from the second season until the end of its run in 1956. Ida Lupino was brought on board as the de facto fourth star, though unlike Powell, Boyer, American television networks would sometimes run summer anthology series which consisted of unsold television pilots. Beginning in 1971, the long-run Masterpiece Theatre drama anthology series brought British productions to American television. k. a. Billy Roses Playbill Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre The Bold Ones Broadway Television Theatre Buick-Electra Playhouse Cameo Theatre Camera Three The Campbell Playhouse, Campbell Soundstage and Campbell Summer Soundstage Cavalcade of America CBS Playhouse CBS Summer Playhouse CBS Television Workshop CBS Workshop, a. k. a. CBS Repertoire Workshop Celanese Theatre Celebrity Playhouse Center Stage Cheer Television Theatre The Chevrolet Tele-Theatre a. k. a, Chevrolet on Broadway Chevron Hall of Stars Chevron Theatre Climax. Gruen Guild Theatre The Gulf Playhouse Hallmark Hall of Fame Hollywood Opening Night Hollywood Premiere Theatre, Hollywood Theatre Time International Playhouse John Waters Presents Movies That Will Corrupt You The Joseph Cotten Show, a. k. a. k. a. Max Liebman Presents Medallion Theatre, a. k. a, grimms Fairy Tale Classics Happily Ever After, Fairy Tales for Every Child The Harveytoons Show KaBlam. Late Night, Black and White Legends of Bikini Bottom Liquid Television The Looney Tunes Show Mickey Mouse Works Mickeys Mouse Tracks O Canada Off the Air Oh Yeah. Cartoons The Pink Panther Show The Popeye Show The Porky Pig Show Princes et princesses Random. M. k. a. Terribles House of Horrible The Eddie Cantor Comedy Theatre El Chapulín Colorado Ripping Yarns George Burns Comedy Week Good Heavens Human Remains Inside No. k. a. k. a. k. a. k. a, orson Welles Great Mysteries Out of the Fog Panic. Way of Life Family Theater Insight Lamp Unto My Feet Look Up, the Fisher Family Alcoa Presents, One Step Beyond Amazing Stories American Horror Story Are You Afraid of the Dark. L. k. a
Anthology series
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Lux Radio Theater ad art Joan Crawford
Anthology series
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Nelson Olmsted of NBC's Sleep No More fantasy series.
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Emil Kapaun
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Emil Joseph Kapaun was a Roman Catholic priest and United States Army captain who served as a United States Army chaplain during World War II and the Korean War. Kapaun was a chaplain in the Burma Theater of World War II, then served again as a chaplain with the U. S. Army in Korea and he died in a prisoner of war camp. In 1993, Pope John Paul II declared him a Servant of God, in 2013, Kapaun posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions in Korea. He is the ninth American military chaplain Medal of Honor recipient, Emil Joseph Kapaun was born on April 20,1916, and grew up on a farm three miles southwest of Pilsen, Kansas on rural 260th Street of Marion County. His parents were Enos and Elizabeth Kapaun, Czech immigrants and he graduated from Pilsen High School in May 1930. Kapaun also graduated from Conception Abbey seminary college in Conception, Missouri, in June 1936 and Kenrick Theological Seminary in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1947, he attended Catholic University of America in Washington, D. C. On June 9,1940, Kapaun was ordained a Catholic priest at what is now Newman University in Wichita and he celebrated his first Mass at St. John Nepomucene Catholic Church in Pilsen, Kansas. In January 1943, Kapaun was appointed chaplain at the Herington Army Airfield near Herington. In December 1943, Kapaun was appointed pastor to replace Fr and he and one other chaplain ministered to approximately 19,000 service men and women. He was sent to India and served in the Burma Theater from April 1945 to May 1946 and he ministered to U. S. soldiers and local missions covering a 2,000 mile territory by jeep. He was promoted to captain in January 1946 He was released from duty in July 1946. Bill, he earned a Master of Arts degree in Education at the Catholic University of America in February 1948, in September 1948, he returned to active duty in the U. S. Army and resumed his chaplaincy at Fort Bliss near El Paso, Texas. In December 1949, Kapaun left his parents and Pilsen for the last time, Japan In January 1950, he was stationed near Mount Fuji, Japan. He became a chaplain in the 8th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division, on July 15,1950, the 1st Cavalry Division and Kapaun embarked and left Tokyo Bay sailing for Korea, less than a month after North Korea had invaded South Korea. Korean War The 1st Cavalry Division made the first amphibious landing in the Korean War on July 18,1950, in late August, Kapaun was assigned to duty as Chaplain of the 3rd Battalion, 8th Cavalry Regiment. He soon participated in the fighting on the Pusan perimeter in South Korea, from there, since mid September, Kapaun and the division were constantly on the move northward. On October 9, the crossed the 38th parallel into North Korea. His main complaint was lack of sleep for weeks at a time
Emil Kapaun
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Captain Chaplain Emil Joseph Kapaun
Emil Kapaun
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Father Emil Kapaun celebrating Mass using the hood of a jeep as his altar, October 7, 1950
Emil Kapaun
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