1.
Washington, D.C.
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Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing
2.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
3.
Lawrence Lasker
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Lasker is an American screenwriter and producer who entered American film in 1983 as writer of the movie WarGames. Lasker was born in Los Angeles County, California and he is the son of actress Jane Greer and producer Edward Lasker. His paternal grandfather was businessman Albert Lasker and his paternal step-grandmother was actress Doris Kenyon and he graduated from the Phillips Exeter Academy in 1967 and attended Yale University, as did his father. Lasker and Walter F. Parkes were nominated for an Academy Award in screenwriting in 1983 for WarGames and he and Parkes were later also nominated for Best Picture of the Year in 1990 for Awakenings. Lawrence Lasker at the Internet Movie Database
4.
Femme fatale
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A femme fatale is a stock character of a mysterious and seductive woman whose charms ensnare her lovers, often leading them into compromising, dangerous, and deadly situations. She is an archetype of literature and art, in American early 20th century film, femme fatale characters were referred to as vamps, an allusion to their role as sexual vampires. The phrase is French for fatal woman, a femme fatale tries to achieve her hidden purpose by using feminine wiles such as beauty, charm, and sexual allure. In some situations, she uses lies or coercion rather than charm and she may also make use of some subduing weapon such as sleeping gas, a modern analog of magical powers in older tales. She may also be a victim, caught in a situation from which she cannot escape, a younger version of a femme fatale is called a fille fatale, or fatal girl. Femmes fatale are typically villainous, or at least morally ambiguous, and always associated with a sense of mystification, the femme fatale archetype exists in the culture, folklore and myth of many cultures. Ancient mythical or legendary examples include Mohini, Lilith, the Sirens, historical examples from Classical times include Cleopatra and Messalina, as well as the Biblical figures Delilah, Jezebel and Salome. An example from Chinese literature and traditional history is Daji, the femme fatale was a common figure in the European Middle Ages, often portraying the dangers of unbridled female sexuality. The pre-medieval inherited Biblical figure of Eve offers an example, as does the wicked, along with them, there rose the gothic novel, The Monk featuring Matilda, a very powerful femme fatale. This led to her appearing in the work of Edgar Allan Poe, pre-Raphaelite painters frequently used the classic personifications of the femme fatale as a subject. Later, Salome was the subject of an opera by Strauss, and was popularized on stage, screen, another enduring icon of glamour, seduction, and moral turpitude is Margaretha Geertruida Zelle, 1876–1917. While working as a dancer, she took the stage name Mata Hari. Although she may have been innocent, she was accused of German espionage and was put to death by a French firing squad, after her death she became the subject of many sensational films and books. Other considerably famous femmes fatales are Isabella of France, Hedda Gabler of Kristiania, Marie Antoinette of Austria, one traditional view portrays the femme fatale as a sexual vampire, her charms leech the virility and independence of lovers, leaving them shells of themselves. Rudyard Kipling took inspiration from a vampire painted by Philip Burne-Jones, the poem inspired the 1913 eponymous film The Vampire by Robert Vignola, sometimes cited as the first vamp movie. Like much of Kiplings verse it became popular, and its refrain. Describing a seduced man, became the title of the popular 1915 film A Fool There Was that made Theda Bara a star, the poem was used in the publicity for the film. On this account, in the American slang of the era the femme fatale was called a vamp, from the American film-audience perspective, the femme fatale often appeared foreign, usually either of indeterminate Eastern European or Asian ancestry
5.
Film noir
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Film noir is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly such that emphasize cynical attitudes and sexual motivations. Hollywoods classical film noir period is regarded as extending from the early 1940s to the late 1950s. Film noir of this era is associated with a low-key black-and-white visual style that has roots in German Expressionist cinematography. Many of the stories and much of the attitude of classic noir derive from the hardboiled school of crime fiction that emerged in the United States during the Great Depression. Cinema historians and critics defined the category retrospectively, before the notion was widely adopted in the 1970s, many of the classic films noir were referred to as melodramas. Whether film noir qualifies as a genre is a matter of ongoing debate among scholars. Although film noir was originally associated with American productions, films now so described have been made around the world, many pictures released from the 1960s onward share attributes with film noir of the classical period, and often treat its conventions self-referentially. Some refer to such works as neo-noir. The clichés of film noir have inspired parody since the mid-1940s, the questions of what defines film noir, and what sort of category it is, provoke continuing debate. They emphasize that not every film noir embodies all five attributes in equal measure—one might be more dreamlike, another, while many critics refer to film noir as a genre itself, others argue that it can be no such thing. Because of the diversity of noir, certain scholars in the field, such as film historian Thomas Schatz, treat it as not a genre but a style. Other critics treat film noir as a mood, characterize it as a series, there is no consensus on the matter. By 1931, Curtiz had already been in Hollywood for half a decade, the Universal horror that comes closest to noir, in story and sensibility is The Invisible Man, directed by Englishman James Whale and photographed by American Arthur Edeson. Edeson later photographed The Maltese Falcon, widely regarded as the first major film noir of the classic era, josef von Sternberg was directing in Hollywood at the same time. Films of his such as Shanghai Express and The Devil Is a Woman, with their hothouse eroticism and baroque visual style, the commercial and critical success of Sternbergs silent Underworld was largely responsible for spurring a trend of Hollywood gangster films. Successful films in that such as Little Caesar, The Public Enemy. An important, possibly influential, cinematic antecedent to classic noir was 1930s French poetic realism, with its romantic, fatalistic attitude, the movements sensibility is mirrored in the Warner Bros. drama I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang, a forerunner of noir. Among films not considered films noir, perhaps none had an effect on the development of the genre than Citizen Kane
6.
Out of the Past
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Out of the Past is a 1947 film noir directed by Jacques Tourneur and starring Robert Mitchum, Jane Greer, and Kirk Douglas. The film was adapted by Daniel Mainwaring, with uncredited revisions by Frank Fenton and James M. Cain, Film historians consider the film a superb example of film noir due to its complicated, dark storyline, dark cinematography and classic femme fatale. The films cinematographer Nicholas Musuraca also shot Tourneurs Cat People, in 1991, Out of the Past was added to the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Joe Stefanos arrives in a town of Bridgeport, California. Jeff, owner of the gas station, is on a picnic with wholesome local girl Ann Miller. Stefanos sends Jeffs deaf young employee, The Kid, to retrieve Jeff, Stefanos informs Jeff that Whit Sterling wants to see him. Though Ann trusts Jeff implicitly, her parents are wary of him, as is Jim, Jeff reluctantly agrees to meet with Whit, and Ann joins him to drive through the night to Whits home on Lake Tahoe. On the way, Jeff tells Ann of his past, Jeff Baileys real name is Jeff Markham. He and partner Jack Fisher were private investigators in New York, Jeff had been hired by shady businessman Whit to find his girlfriend, Kathie Moffat. Whit claimed she shot him and stole $40,000 from him, Jeff is reluctant, sensing that finding Kathie will result in her death. Whit assures Jeff he just wants her back, and will not harm her, Kathies maid tells Jeff that shes gone to Florida, but Jeff guesses Mexico because of the particular inoculations Kathie received. He goes to Acapulco and waits, eventually striking up an acquaintance with her, a love affair develops, and Jeff ultimately reveals that he had been sent by Whit. Kathie sensed this from the start and has been spinning a web for him and she denies taking Whit’s money and pleads with Jeff to run away with her. Preparing to leave, Jeff is surprised by the arrival of Whit and Stefanos, Jeff asks to be taken off the case, but Whit refuses. Jeff lies that Kathie slipped past him and is on a steamer going south, Whit instructs Jeff to keep looking for her—instead, Jeff takes her north to San Francisco. They live in San Francisco as inconspicuously as possible, but an outing to the horse races goes bad when they are spotted by Jeff’s old partner, Fisher, Jeff and Kathie split up, with Jeff making himself conspicuous in moving to Los Angeles. Jeff seems to give Fisher the slip and eventually rejoins Kathie at a rural cabin, when Fisher demands money to keep quiet, the two men brawl. Kathie suddenly shoots Fisher dead and flees without Jeff and he finds her bank book, revealing a deposit of $40,000, the money she had denied taking from Whit
7.
Emotion
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Emotion, generally speaking, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition, Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation. In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion and those acting primarily on the emotions they are feeling may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events. For example, the realization of our believing that we are in a dangerous situation, other theories, however, claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition. According to some theories, they are states of feeling that result in physical and psychological changes that influence our behavior, the physiology of emotion is closely linked to arousal of the nervous system with various states and strengths of arousal relating, apparently, to particular emotions. Emotion is also linked to behavioral tendency, extroverted people are more likely to be social and express their emotions, while introverted people are more likely to be more socially withdrawn and conceal their emotions. Emotion is often the force behind motivation, positive or negative. Nor is the emotion an entity that causes these components, Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. More recently, emotion is said to consist of all the components, the different components of emotion are categorized somewhat differently depending on the academic discipline. In psychology and philosophy, emotion typically includes a subjective, conscious experience characterized primarily by psychophysiological expressions, biological reactions, a similar multicomponential description of emotion is found in sociology. For example, Peggy Thoits described emotions as involving physiological components, cultural or emotional labels, expressive body actions, the numerous theories that attempt to explain the origin, neurobiology, experience, and function of emotions have only fostered more intense research on this topic. Current areas of research in the concept of emotion include the development of materials that stimulate, in addition PET scans and fMRI scans help study the affective processes in the brain. Emotions can be defined as a positive or negative experience that is associated with a pattern of physiological activity. Emotions produce different physiological, behavioral and cognitive changes, the original role of emotions was to motivate adaptive behaviors that in the past would have contributed to the survival of humans. Emotions are responses to significant internal and external events, the word emotion dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means to stir up. The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion, according to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern word emotion is heterogeneous In some uses of the word, on the other hand, emotion can be used to refer to states that are mild and to states that are not directed at anything. One line of research looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language
8.
Robert Mitchum
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Robert Charles Durman Mitchum was an American film actor, director, author, poet, composer, and singer. Mitchum rose to prominence for his roles in several classic films noir. His best-known films include Out of the Past, The Night of the Hunter, Mitchum is rated number 23 on the American Film Institutes list of the greatest male stars of Classic American Cinema. Mitchum was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut into a Methodist family, a sister, Annette, was born in 1914. James Mitchum was crushed to death in a accident in Charleston, South Carolina, in February 1919. After his fathers death, his mother was awarded a government pension, and soon realized she was pregnant with her son, John. She remarried to a former Royal Naval Reserve officer, Major Hugh Cunningham Morris, Ann and the Major had a daughter, Carol Morris, who was born July 1927 on the family farm in Delaware. When all of the children were old enough to attend school, throughout Mitchums childhood, he was known as a prankster, often involved in fistfights and mischief. When he was 12, his mother sent Mitchum to live with his grandparents in Felton, Delaware, a year later, in 1930, he moved in with his older sister, to New Yorks Hells Kitchen. He experienced numerous adventures during his years as one of the Depression eras wild boys of the road, at age 14 in Savannah, Georgia, he was arrested for vagrancy and put on a local chain gang. By Mitchums own account, he escaped and returned to his family in Delaware, during this time, while recovering from injuries that nearly cost him a leg, he met the woman he would marry, a teenaged Dorothy Spence. He soon went back on the road, eventually riding the rails to California, Mitchum arrived in Long Beach, California, in 1936, staying again with his sister Julie. Soon, the rest of the Mitchum family joined them in Long Beach, during this time, he worked as a ghostwriter for astrologer Carroll Righter. His sister Julie convinced him to join the local theater guild with her, in his years with the Players Guild of Long Beach, he made a living as a stagehand and occasional bit-player in company productions. He also wrote short pieces which were performed by the guild. According to Lee Servers biography, Mitchum put his talent for poetry to work writing song lyrics, in 1940, he returned East to marry Dorothy Spence, taking her back to California. He remained a character until the birth of their first child, James. Mitchum then got a job as a machine operator with the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
9.
Howard Hughes
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Howard Robard Hughes Jr. was an American businessman, investor, pilot, film director, and philanthropist, known during his lifetime as one of the most financially successful individuals in the world. He first made a name for himself as a film producer, later in life, he became known for his eccentric behavior and reclusive lifestyle, oddities that were caused in part by a worsening obsessive–compulsive disorder and chronic pain from a plane crash. As a maverick film tycoon, Hughes gained prominence in Hollywood beginning in the late 1920s, when he made big-budget and often controversial films like The Racket, Hells Angels, later he controlled the RKO film studio. Hughes formed the Hughes Aircraft Company in 1932, hiring numerous engineers and designers and he spent the rest of the 1930s setting multiple world air speed records and building the Hughes H-1 Racer and H-4 Hercules. He acquired and expanded Trans World Airlines and later acquired Air West, Hughes was included in Flying Magazines list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation, ranked at No.25. Today, his legacy is maintained through the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the birthplace of Howard Hughes is recorded as either Humble or Houston, Texas. The date remains uncertain due to conflicting dates from various sources and he repeatedly claimed that his birthday was on Christmas Eve. A1941 affidavit birth certificate of Hughes that was signed by his aunt Annette Gano Lummis and Estelle Boughton Sharp states that he was born on December 24,1905, in Harris County, Texas. Hughes was the son of Allene Stone Gano and Howard R. Hughes Sr. a successful inventor and he was of English, and some French Huguenot, ancestry, and was a descendant of John Gano, a minister who allegedly baptized George Washington. His father had patented the two-cone roller bit, which allowed rotary drilling for petroleum in previously inaccessible places, the senior Hughes made the shrewd and lucrative decision to commercialize the invention by leasing the bits instead of selling them, and founded the Hughes Tool Company in 1909. Hughes uncle was the famed novelist, screenwriter, and film director Rupert Hughes, at a young age, Hughes demonstrated interest in science and technology. In particular, he had great engineering aptitude and built Houstons first wireless radio transmitter at age 11 and he went on to be one of the first licensed ham radio operators in Houston, having the assigned callsign W5CY. At 12, Hughes was photographed in the newspaper, identified as being the first boy in Houston to have a motorized bicycle. He was an indifferent student, with a liking for mathematics, flying and he took his first flying lesson at 14, and later attended math and aeronautical engineering courses at Caltech. The red brick house where Hughes lived as a teenager at 3921 Yoakum St. Houston today serves as the headquarters of the Theology Department of the University of St. Thomas and his mother Allene died in March 1922 from complications of an ectopic pregnancy. Howard Hughes Sr. died of an attack in 1924. Their deaths apparently inspired Hughes to include the creation of a research laboratory in the will that he signed in 1925 at age 19. Howard Sr. s will had not been updated since Allenes death, on his 19th birthday, Hughes was declared an emancipated minor, enabling him to take full control of his life
10.
Life (magazine)
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Life was an American magazine that ran weekly from 1883 to 1936 as a humor magazine with limited circulation. Time owner Henry Luce bought the magazine in 1936, solely so that he could acquire the rights to its name, Life was published weekly until 1972, as an intermittent special until 1978, and as a monthly from 1978 to 2000. After 2000 Time Inc. continued to use the Life brand for special, Life returned to regularly scheduled issues when it became a weekly newspaper supplement from 2004 to 2007. The website life. com, originally one of the channels on Time Inc. s Pathfinder service, was for a time in the late 2000s managed as a joint venture with Getty Images under the name See Your World, LLC. On January 30,2012 the LIFE. com URL became a channel on Time. com. When Life was founded in 1883, it was developed as similar to the British magazine and it was published for 53 years as a general-interest light entertainment magazine, heavy on illustrations, jokes and social commentary. The Luce Life was the first all-photographic American news magazine, the magazines role in the history of photojournalism is considered its most important contribution to publishing. Life was wildly successful for two generations before its prestige was diminished by economics and changing tastes, Life was founded January 4,1883, in a New York City artists studio at 1155 Broadway, as a partnership between John Ames Mitchell and Andrew Miller. Mitchell held a 75 per cent interest in the magazine with the remainder by Miller, both men retained their holdings until their deaths. Miller served as secretary-treasurer of the magazine and was very successful managing the side of the operation. Mitchell, a 37-year-old illustrator who used a $10,000 inheritance to invest in the weekly magazine, Mitchell created the first Life name-plate with cupids as mascots, he later drew its masthead of a knight leveling his lance at the posterior of a fleeing devil. Mitchell took advantage of a new printing process using zinc-coated plates. This edge helped because Life faced stiff competition from the humor magazines Judge and Puck. Edward Sandford Martin was brought on as Lifes first literary editor, the motto of the first issue of Life was, While theres Life, theres hope. The new magazine set forth its principles and policies to its readers and we shall try to domesticate as much as possible of the casual cheerfulness that is drifting about in an unfriendly world. The magazine was a success and soon attracted the leading contributors. Among the most important was Charles Dana Gibson, three years after the magazine was founded, the Massachusetts native first sold Life a drawing for $4, a dog outside his kennel howling at the moon. Encouraged by a publisher who was also an artist, Gibson was joined in Life early days by such illustrators as Palmer Cox
11.
RKO Pictures
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RKO Pictures Inc. also known as RKO Radio Pictures and in its later years RKO Teleradio Pictures, was an American film production and distribution company. It was one of the Big Five studios of Hollywoods Golden Age, RCA chief David Sarnoff engineered the merger to create a market for the companys sound-on-film technology, RCA Photophone. By the mid-1940s, the studio was under the control of investor Floyd Odlum, RKO has long been celebrated for its series of musicals starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers in the mid-to-late 1930s. Actors Katharine Hepburn and, later, Robert Mitchum had their first major successes at the studio, cary Grant was a mainstay for years. The work of producer Val Lewtons low-budget horror unit and RKOs many ventures into the now known as film noir have been acclaimed, largely after the fact, by film critics. The studio produced two of the most famous films in motion picture history, King Kong and Citizen Kane, RKO Pictures is also a member of Motion Picture Association of America. Maverick industrialist Howard Hughes took over RKO in 1948, after years of turmoil and decline under his control, Hughes sold the troubled studio to General Tire and Rubber Company in 1955. The original RKO Pictures ceased production in 1957 and was dissolved two years later. In 1981, broadcaster RKO General, the heir, revived it as a production subsidiary. In October 1927, Warner Bros. released The Jazz Singer and its success prompted Hollywood to convert from silent to sound film production en masse. The Radio Corporation of America controlled an advanced optical sound-on-film system, RCA Photophone, the industrys two largest major studios, Paramount and Loews/MGM, with two other studios Universal and First National, were poised to contract with ERPI for sound conversion as well. Next on the agenda was securing a string of exhibition venues like those the leading Hollywood production companies owned, Kennedy began investigating the possibility of such a purchase. Around that time, the large Keith-Albee-Orpheum circuit of theaters, built around the medium of live vaudeville, was attempting a transition to the movie business. In mid-1927, the operations of Pathé Exchange and Cecil B. De Milles Producers Distributing Corporation had united under KAOs control, early in 1928, KAO general manager John J. Murdock, who had assumed the presidency of Pathé, turned to Kennedy as an adviser in consolidating the studio with De Milles company, PDC. This was the relationship Sarnoff and Kennedy sought, on October 23,1928, RCA announced the creation of the Radio-Keith-Orpheum holding company, with Sarnoff as chairman of the board. Kennedy, who withdrew from his positions in the merged companies, kept Pathé separate from RKO. RCA owned the governing stock interest in RKO,22 percent, in the early 1930s, the companys production and distribution arm, presided over by former FBO vice-president Joseph I
12.
Dick Tracy (1945 film)
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Dick Tracy is a 1945 American film noir pulp action film based on the Dick Tracy comic strip created by Chester Gould. The film is the first of four installment of the Dick Tracy film series, suspects flourish but Tracy must find the common link of extortion and revenge before more are killed. Morgan Conway as Dick Tracy, the detective, who lets nothing stand in the way of justice. Anne Jeffreys as Tess Trueheart, Tracys girlfriend, who falls victim to her boyfriends workoholism. Mike Mazurki as Alexis Splitface Banning, a psychotic ex-con who seeks revenge and his weapon is a sharp surgical knife. He has a big disfiguring scar across his face, Jane Greer as Jane Owens, a suspect. Lyle Latell as Pat Patton, Tracys bumbling assistant, joseph Crehan as Chief Brandon, the reliable chief of police. Mickey Kuhn as Junior, Tracys adopted son, trevor Bardette as Prof. Linwood J. Starling, a strange medium, and also a suspect. Morgan Wallace as Steve Owens, a stern businessman, milton Parsons as Deathridge the Undertaker, a mysterious, skeletal suspect. William Halligan as Mayor, the mayor of Chicago. Getting the rights to produce Dick Tracy from the creator, Chester Gould. This was the first in a series of Dick Tracy films produced by RKO, roberts, Garyn G. Dick Tracy and American Culture, Morality and Mythology, Text and Context. Jefferson, North Carolina, USA, McFarland & Company, london, England, UK, Continuum International Publishing Group. Wilt, David E. Hardboiled in Hollywood, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA, Bowling Green State University Popular Press
13.
They Won't Believe Me
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They Wont Believe Me is a 1947 black-and-white film noir starring Robert Young, Susan Hayward and Jane Greer. It was directed by Irving Pichel and produced by Alfred Hitchcocks longtime assistant and collaborator, after the prosecution rests its case in the murder trial of Larry Ballentine, the defense attorney puts his client on the stand to tell his story. Larry had married Greta for her money, in flashback, he recounts how he started seeing Janice Bell behind his wifes back, innocently enough in secluded New York City bars, but feelings had grown between them. Unwilling to break up a marriage, Janice gets a job transfer, at the time, Larry agrees to run off with her. She tells him she is leaving for Montreal on the night train, Larry tells Janice that he and Greta have grown apart, and that he will leave her. Larry returns home and begins to pack a suitcase, when Greta comes in and he tells her he is leaving, and she said she knew since there had been a train ticket for him delivered that day. Greta tells Larry that she knows he has been unhappy with her, that New York City is not home for him, but she had thought that their marriage would change that. To accommodate him, and try to make him happy, she had purchased half-interest in a brokerage in LA so he could have a job, Greta is too deeply in love to give Larry up on her own, so she leaves the decision up to him. The temptation is too great and Larry leaves with Greta, never telling Janice goodbye, at the brokerage, Larry once again begins womanizing. One day Larry is reprimanded by his business partner, Trenton, employee Verna Carlson protects him by producing a copy of a letter supposedly mailed by Larry to the client the day before, but actually written by her and sent special delivery that day. Larry resists becoming romantically entangled again, but Verna blatantly seduces him, soon the two are spending time together, in remote bars and restaurants, attending concerts, and at times in Vernas apartment. She brazenly admits she is a gold digger, Larry lies to Greta, telling her he has late business meetings. One night, late, Larry comes home and finds Greta awake and she confronts him with the truth, and tells him that she is finished, but that she will not divorce him. She tells him she has sold the brokerage interest and bought an old Spanish ranch in the mountains and she tells him he has no job and no place to live, but that he can come with her. The ranch is beautiful, but remote from the city and it has no phone, and no mail delivery. The closest people are located down the road at a store which also serves as post office. Larry endures months at the ranch, reading and being bored, Greta loves the area, rides horses and generally is very content. After many months, Greta says she wants company and tells Larry that she wants to build a guest house
14.
The Big Steal
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The Big Steal is a 1949 American black-and-white film noir reteaming Out of the Past stars Robert Mitchum and Jane Greer. The film was directed by Don Siegel, based on the short story The Road to Carmichaels by Richard Wormser, U. S. Army lieutenant Duke Halliday is robbed of a $300,000 payroll by Jim Fiske. When Hallidays superior, Captain Vincent Blake, suspects him of having taken part in the theft, Halliday has no choice, along the way, he runs into Joan Graham, who is after the $2000 she loaned to her boyfriend, Fiske. The two join forces, though they are not sure at first if they can trust each other, Fiske stays one step ahead of the couple, while they are in turn chased by Blake. When Halliday is knocked down trying to stop Fiske from getting away, Ortega lets him go after Halliday claims to be Blake, but keeps an eye on him. His suspicions are confirmed when the real Blake shows up at his office for help. Halliday and Graham track Fiske to a house in the desert, where Fiske is meeting with Seton. The couple are captured by Setons henchmen, when Blake shows up, Halliday is initially relieved to be rescued, until he learns that Blake is actually Fiskes partner in crime. Fiske wants to take Graham with him, but Blake makes it clear that he intends to dispose of both her and Halliday. However, when he starts to leave, Blake shoots him in the back, explaining that his ex-partner, apparently still at large, can take the blame for the missing payroll. Halliday then points out to Seton that if Blake got rid of him too, he could give the money back to the army. Taking no chances, Seton pulls a gun on Blake, when Graham creates a distraction, a fight breaks out, which Graham and Halliday win. Robert Mitchum as Lt. Duke Halliday Jane Greer as Joan Graham William Bendix as Capt, Vincent Blake Patric Knowles as Jim Fiske Ramon Novarro as Inspector General Ortega Don Alvarado as Lt. The movie was filmed in Los Angeles and on location in Tehuacán, Puebla, channel 4 film reviews describes the movie as, Sparkling dialogues, fast-paced chases and the occasional twist make this an at first somewhat confusing but ultimately hugely entertaining film. Hal Erickson writing for Allmovie calls the film directed by Don Siegel
15.
You're in the Navy Now
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Youre in the Navy Now is a Hollywood film released in 1951 by Twentieth Century Fox about the United States Navy in the first months of World War II. Its initial release was titled USS Teakettle, directed by Henry Hathaway, the film is a comedy starring Gary Cooper as a new officer wanting duty at sea but who is instead assigned to an experimental project without much hope of success. Screenwriter Richard Murphy was nominated by the Writers Guild of America for Best Written American Comedy, at Norfolk Naval Base in the opening months of World War II, Lieutenant John W. The Navy has installed an engine and an experimental evaporator-condenser in the ship to test its feasibility in patrol craft and has assigned Harkness to conduct the sea trials. The crew of the submarine chaser assume that Harkness is Regular Navy and her chief boatswains mate, Chief Larrabee, and her chief machinists mate are the only experienced seamen aboard. PC-1168s crew are all newly inducted civilians, and her officers recently commissioned 90 day wonders, the exec, Lt. Barron, is a good-natured idea-man whose knowledge of seamanship is out of books. Barbo, has no training, education, or experience in engineering, the first trial results in the ship being towed into port, disparaged as the USS Teakettle by the rest of the base. Reynolds restricts the crew to the ship until they make the work, and as the failures mount. Ellie, who is with the WAVES, gets information to her husband about Tennants activities, the officers hit upon a scheme to enter a crewman in the base boxing championship to unite the crew. They train an engine room sailor, Wascylewski, to represent the ship, the crew bets heavily on their shipmate, and to ensure that the Teakettle does not fail a sea trial scheduled for the day of the fight, smuggles distilled water aboard. Wascylewski breaks his ribs during the sea trial, forcing Barbo to stand in, the film climaxes with the Official Sea Trial of the Teakettle in which the crew improvises a successful run. Even so, the ends in humiliation for the crew when the ship rams an aircraft carrier—again. Except for stock footage of a match, verisimilitude in the film was high. Aside from PC-1168, ships that appeared prominently in the film were USS Luzon, USS Albemarle, USS Marquette, USS Fremont, USS Chilton, USS Roanoke, USS Perry, with the exception of the Albemarle, all were anachronistic to the date of the storyline. The film marked the debuts of Lee Marvin, Charles Bronson, Harvey Lembeck. Teakettle premiered at the Roxy Theater in New York City on February 23,1951, Youre in the Army Now, a 1941 comedy film Youre in the Navy Now at the Internet Movie Database Youre in the Navy Now at the TCM Movie Database
16.
The Prisoner of Zenda (1952 film)
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The Prisoner of Zenda is a 1952 film version of the classic novel of the same name by Anthony Hope and a remake of the famous 1937 film version. This version was made by Loews and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, directed by Richard Thorpe, the film stars Stewart Granger, Deborah Kerr, and James Mason. Alfred Newmans 1937 music score was adapted by Conrad Salinger, since Newman was unavailable to work on the film, the art direction was by Cedric Gibbons and Hans Peters and the costume design by Walter Plunkett. The silent film versions, The Prisoner of Zenda starred James K. Hackett and Beatrice Beckly and The Prisoner of Zenda starred Lewis Stone, a comedy version The Prisoner of Zenda starred Peter Sellers and Lynne Frederick. Stewart Granger as Rudolf Rassendyl/King Rudolf V Deborah Kerr as Princess Flavia, jean Simmons, who was married to Granger at the time, and Eleanor Parker were considered for the role. James Mason as Rupert of Hentzau, Richard Greene was to have portrayed Rupert, but had a scheduling conflict. Louis Calhern as Colonel Sapt Robert Coote as Fritz von Tarlenheim Robert Douglas as Michael, Stone played the dual lead role in the 1922 silent version. This version of The Prisoner of Zenda used the shooting script as the 1937 David O. Selznick film directed by John Cromwell and starring Ronald Colman. Slight variations in the screenplay were added by Noel Langley, in addition to the dialogue, the same film score, composed by Alfred Newman for the 1937 version, was also used for this version. A comparison of the two reveals that settings and camera angles, in most cases, are the same. According to a Hollywood Reporter news item, MGM was to pay Selznick USD $225,000 for the rights to the novel. In 1999, blacklisted writer Donald Ogden Stewart, who was credited with additional dialogue on the 1937 production, was given a credit for the 1952 film. Director Richard Thorpe and producer Pandro S, the film was a hit in France, with admissions of 2,415,938
17.
Run for the Sun
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This version stars Richard Widmark, Trevor Howard, and Jane Greer, and was directed by Ray Boulting from a script written by Boulting and Dudley Nichols. Connell was credited for his short story, Howard is the wealthy reclusive man who enjoys hunting down human beings like wild game. In this adaptation, the expatriate Russian general is transformed into a British traitor hiding in the Mexican jungle with a fellow Nazi war criminal played by Peter van Eyck. Their prey are Widmark, portraying a Hemingway-like but reclusive novelist and she soon learns that he is indeed there, indulging in drinking, fishing, hunting, and flying his Piper Cub. Katie contrives to meet him, pretending not to know his identity, over the next several days they enjoy each others company, but Katie may be falling in love with him and conceals the real reason she is there. After Latimer explains that his wife was the muse behind his success. Latimer offers to fly her to Mexico City and asks Katie to write down her address to keep in touch, during the flight the magnetized notebook in Katies purse affects the planes magnetic compass and they find themselves lost over jungle. The plane runs out of fuel and Latimer crash-lands in a small clearing, knocked unconscious, he wakes up to find himself in a bed in the main house of a hacienda. Katie introduces him to their rescuers, an Englishman named Browne and the Dutch archaeologist Anders, Latimer feels that he once met the cordial Browne, a big game hunter himself, but cannot place it. Almost immediately the couple senses that things are not as they appear, however friction develops between them when a newscast on the radio announcing their disappearance reveals Katies identity and original purpose. Katie tries to persuade Latimer that she no longer intends to write the story and that night Latimer finds a storeroom containing military gear with Nazi markings, items from his missing plane supposedly stolen by the local Indians, and a cabinet of hunting rifles. The barking of the prowling dogs awakens Browne and Anders, and he tells Katie what he found and warns her that they need to work together to try to escape. They discover that Browne has been concealing from them a flyable Piper Cub of his own. Latimer finally realizes it is Brownes voice he recognizes, and that he is a turncoat who during the war broadcast Nazi propaganda from Berlin to Britain after he had married a German girl. The Englishman admits the truth and adds that his wife was Anders sister, Latimer tries to bargain for Katies release but to no avail. Latimer realizes Anders is a German war criminal who massacred an entire village and he and Katie try to steal the plane, but when Jan, posted to guard the plane, shoots at them, they flee into the jungle. Browne, leading Anders, Jan and the dogs, follows their trail, the next day, the wilderness-wise Latimer rigs a crude booby trap that kills Jan. With Katie nearing exhaustion, Latimer contrives to double back, and they reach the hacienda just ahead of their pursuers and barricade themselves in the chapel
18.
Against All Odds (1984 film)
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Against All Odds is a 1984 romantic neo-noir thriller film, a remake of Out of the Past. The film was directed by Taylor Hackford and features Rachel Ward, Jeff Bridges, supporting players include Jane Greer, Alex Karras, Richard Widmark, and Dorian Harewood. The film revolves around an aging American football star who is hired by a mobster to find his girlfriend. Collins sang the song, which was nominated for an Academy Award as Best Original Song. Professional football player Terry Brogan is released by his team, Jake claims that Jessie assaulted him, stole money and fled. Terry is reluctant to take on the job, but needs the money, Terry gets in touch with Jessies mother, ostensibly to find out where Jessie can be found, but mainly to convince Mrs. Wyler and her business partner Ben Caxton to reinstate him on the team. Mrs. Wyler makes clear that she has no interest in his football career, shes willing to pay him more than Jake would if he will find Jessie for her. Beyond that, she has no use for him, hank Sully, the teams trainer, strongly advises Terry to stay away from Jake and offers to help Terry get a coaching job. Terry is convinced his days as a player are not over and instead decides to work for Jake to tide him over until the next season, Terry finds Jessie living in Cozumel. He makes multiple attempts to approach Jessie, but she rebuffs him, Terry tires of pursuing a spoiled brat and packs to leave, but Jessie appreciates that he hasnt revealed her whereabouts and invites him to see where she is staying. Terry confides the leverage Jake has over him is the knowledge that Terry once shaved points in an important game after he had fallen into debt, Terry and Jessie remain happily together for a few weeks, with Terry continuing to tell Jake hes been unsuccessful in locating her. Sully is sent by Jake to investigate and he catches the lovers alone at the ruins of Chichen Itza. Wielding a gun, Sully demands that Terry turn over the girl and he, too, has been involved in corruption with Jakes sports syndicate. A struggle between the men ensues and Jessie fatally shoots Sully and she wants to flee, as the two will be unable to offer an explanation that will allow them to avoid jail. But when Terry refuses, insisting that the two cannot just run away from the matter, Jessie abandons him, after disposing of Sullys body, Terry returns to Los Angeles and finds to his astonishment that Jessie has returned to Jake. He is bitter toward her, but Jake maintains a hold over him with the point-shaving incident, Terry is sent to break into the office of Kirsch, the teams corrupt lawyer, who is also involved in Jakes gambling operation. Terrys mission is to retrieve Kirschs files, which everyone involved. Terry breaks into the only to find Kirsch dead
19.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California and it is one of the worlds oldest film studios. In 1971, it was announced that MGM would merge with 20th Century Fox, over the next thirty-nine years, the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until, on November 3,2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. MGM Resorts International, a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MGM, is not currently affiliated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1966, MGM was sold to Canadian investor Edgar Bronfman Sr. whose son Edgar Jr. would later buy Universal Studios, the studio continued to produce five to six films a year that were released through other studios, mostly United Artists. Kerkorian did, however, commit to increased production and a film library when he bought United Artists in 1981. MGM ramped up production, as well as keeping production going at UA. It also incurred significant amounts of debt to increase production, the studio took on additional debt as a series of owners took charge in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1986, Ted Turner bought MGM, but a few later, sold the company back to Kerkorian to recoup massive debt. The series of deals left MGM even more heavily in debt, MGM was bought by Pathé Communications in 1990, but Parretti lost control of Pathé and defaulted on the loans used to purchase the studio. The French banking conglomerate Crédit Lyonnais, the major creditor. Even more deeply in debt, MGM was purchased by a joint venture between Kerkorian, producer Frank Mancuso, and Australias Seven Network in 1996, the debt load from these and subsequent business deals negatively affected MGMs ability to survive as an independent motion picture studio. In 1924, movie theater magnate Marcus Loew had a problem and he had bought Metro Pictures Corporation in 1919 for a steady supply of films for his large Loews Theatres chain. With Loews lackluster assortment of Metro films, Loew purchased Goldwyn Pictures in 1924 to improve the quality, however, these purchases created a need for someone to oversee his new Hollywood operations, since longtime assistant Nicholas Schenck was needed in New York headquarters to oversee the 150 theaters. Mayer, Loew addressed the situation by buying Louis B. Mayer Pictures on April 17,1924, Mayer became head of the renamed Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with Irving Thalberg as head of production. MGM produced more than 100 feature films in its first two years, in 1925, MGM released the extravagant and successful Ben-Hur, taking a $4.7 million profit that year, its first full year. Marcus Loew died in 1927, and control of Loews passed to Nicholas Schenck, in 1929, William Fox of Fox Film Corporation bought the Loew familys holdings with Schencks assent. Mayer and Thalberg disagreed with the decision, Mayer was active in the California Republican Party and used his political connections to persuade the Justice Department to delay final approval of the deal on antitrust grounds
20.
Lana Turner
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Lana Turner was an American actress. Over the course of her nearly fifty-year career, Turner would achieve notoriety as both a model and a serious dramatic actress, as well as for her highly publicized personal life. In 1951, she was named the most glamorous woman in the history of international art, Turner was discovered in 1937 by William R. Wilkerson, founder of The Hollywood Reporter. At the age of 16, she was signed to a contract by Warner Bros. director Mervyn LeRoy. Turner attracted attention in her first film, LeRoys They Wont Forget and her auburn hair was bleached blonde for a 1939 film at MGM, and she remained blonde for the rest of her life, except for a few film roles. During the early 1940s, Turner established herself as an actress in such films as Johnny Eager, Honky Tonk, Ziegfeld Girl. She appeared in the 1941 horror film Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and her popularity continued through the 1950s in such films as The Bad and the Beautiful and Peyton Place, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress. Turners next film, Imitation of Life, proved to be one of the greatest financial successes of her career, Turner spent most of the 1970s and early 1980s in semiretirement, only working occasionally. In 1982, she accepted a much publicized and lucrative recurring guest role in the television series Falcon Crest, Turner made her final film appearance in 1985, and died from throat cancer in 1995, aged 74. Lana Turner was born Julia Jean Turner on February 8,1921, in the mining town of Wallace. She was of Dutch, English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry, until her film career took off, young Julia Turner was known to family and friends as Judy. Turner expressed interest in performance at an age, performing short routines at her fathers Elks chapter in Wallace. Hard times eventually forced the family to relocate to San Francisco, California, on December 14,1930, her father won some money at a traveling craps game, stuffed his winnings in his left sock, and headed for home. He was later murdered on the corner of Minnesota and Mariposa Streets, on the edge of San Franciscos Potrero Hill. The robbery and homicide were never solved, Turner attended a Catholic church in Stockton, California with a local family. She converted to Catholicism taking the saints names Mildred Frances after her mother, in the mid-1930s, Mildred developed health problems and was advised by her doctor to move to a drier climate, she moved to Los Angeles with her daughter in 1936. Mildred and Lana were very poor, and Turner was sometimes separated from her mother and her mother worked eighty hours a week as a beautician to support them. After Turner was discovered, her mother became the overseer of her career, Turners discovery in Hollywood is considered by film historians to be a show-business legend
21.
Ava Gardner
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Ava Lavinia Gardner was an American actress and singer. She was signed to a contract by MGM Studios in 1941 and she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her work in Mogambo, and also received BAFTA Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for other films. The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean, Earthquake, Gardner continued to act regularly until 1986, four years before her death in London in 1990 at the age of 67. She is listed 25th among the American Film Institutes 25 Greatest Female Stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema, Gardner was born near the farming community of Smithfield, North Carolina. She was the youngest of seven children and she had two older brothers, Raymond and Melvin, and four older sisters, Beatrice, Elsie Mae, Inez, and Myra. Her parents, Mary Elizabeth Molly and Jonas Bailey Gardner, were poor cotton, while there are varying accounts of her background, Gardners only documented ancestry was English. She was raised in the Baptist faith of her mother, while in Newport News, Gardners father became ill and died from bronchitis in 1938, when Ava was 15 years old. After Jonas Gardners death, the moved to Rock Ridge near Wilson, North Carolina. Gardner attended high school in Rock Ridge and she graduated there in 1939. She then attended classes at Atlantic Christian College in Wilson for about a year. Gardner was visiting her sister Beatrice in New York in 1941 when Beatrices husband Larry Tarr and he was so pleased with the results that he displayed the finished product in the front window of his Tarr Photography Studio on Fifth Avenue. A Loews Theatres legal clerk, Barnard Duhan, spotted Gardners photo in Tarrs studio, at the time, Duhan often posed as an MGM talent scout to meet girls, using the fact that MGM was a subsidiary of Loews. Duhan entered Tarrs and tried to get Gardners number, but was rebuffed by the receptionist, Duhan made the offhand comment, Somebody should send her info to MGM, and the Tarrs did so immediately. With cameras rolling, he directed the 18-year-old to walk towards the camera, turn and walk away and he did not attempt to record her voice because her Southern accent made it almost impossible for him to understand her. Mayer, head of the studio, however, sent a telegram to Altman, She cant sing, she cant act, she cant talk and she was offered a standard contract by MGM, and left school for Hollywood in 1941 with her sister Beatrice accompanying her. MGMs first order of business was to provide her with a speech coach, other films include The Hucksters, Show Boat, The Snows of Kilimanjaro, Lone Star, Mogambo, The Barefoot Contessa, Bhowani Junction, The Sun Also Rises, and On the Beach. Gardner starred as Guinevere in 1953s Knights of the Round Table, indicative of her sophistication, she portrayed a duchess, a baroness and other ladies of royal lineage in her films of the 1950s. John Huston directed the movie in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, insisting on making the film in black and white, Gardner received billing below Burton but above Kerr
22.
Alfred Hitchcock Presents
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Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series hosted and executive produced by Alfred Hitchcock, which aired on CBS and NBC between 1955 and 1965. It featured dramas, thrillers, and mysteries, by the time it premiered on October 2,1955, Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades. Time magazine named it one of The 100 Best TV Shows of all time, the Writers Guild of America ranked it #79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series tying it with Monty Pythons Flying Circus, Star Trek, The Next Generation and Upstairs, Downstairs. A series of anthologies with the running title Alfred Hitchcock Presents were issued to capitalize on the success of the television series. Alfred Hitchcock Presents is well known for its title sequence, the camera fades in on a simple line-drawing caricature of Hitchcocks rotund profile. He then almost always says Good evening, the caricature drawing, which Hitchcock created, and the use of Gounods Funeral March of a Marionette as theme music have become indelibly associated with Hitchcock in popular culture. At least two versions of the opening were shot for every episode, a version intended for the American audience would often spoof a recent popular commercial or poke fun at the sponsor, leading into the commercial. An alternative version for European audiences would instead include jokes at the expense of Americans in general, for later seasons, opening remarks were also filmed with Hitchcock speaking in French and German for the shows international presentations. Hitchcock closed the show in much the way as it opened. He told TV Guide that his reassurances that the criminal had been apprehended were a necessary gesture to morality, Alfred Hitchcock Presents finished at #6 in the Nielsen ratings for the 1956–57 season, and at #12 in 1957–58, #24 in 1958–59 and #25 in 1959–60. Originally 25 minutes per episode, the series was expanded to 50 minutes in 1962, Hitchcock directed 17 of the 267 filmed episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents and one of the 50-minute episodes, I Saw the Whole Thing with John Forsythe. The last new episode aired on June 26,1965, in 1985, NBC aired a new TV movie pilot based upon the series, combining four newly filmed stories with colorized footage of Hitchcock from the original series to introduce each segment. The movie was a ratings success. Alfred Hitchcock Presents revival series debuted in the fall of 1985 and retained the format as the pilot. The new series lasted one season before NBC cancelled it. Other notable directors included Robert Altman, Ida Lupino, Stuart Rosenberg, Robert Stevenson, David Swift and William Friedkin, who ended up directing what would be the last episode. Alfred Hitchcock Presents,25 minutes long, aired weekly at 9,30 on CBS on Sunday nights from 1955 to 1960, and then at 8,30 on NBC on Tuesday nights from 1960 to 1962. It was followed by The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, which lasted for three seasons, September 1962 to June 1965, adding another 93 episodes to the 268 already produced for Alfred Hitchcock Presents
23.
Bonanza
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Bonanza is an NBC television western series that ran from 1959 to 1973. The show continues to air in syndication, the show is set around the 1860s and it centers on the wealthy Cartwright family, who live in the area of Virginia City, Nevada, bordering Lake Tahoe. The series stars Lorne Greene, Dan Blocker, Michael Landon, Pernell Roberts, the show is known for presenting moral dilemmas. The shows theme song itself, called Bonanza, became a hit song in its own right, only instrumental renditions, absent Ray Evans words, were ever used during the series long run. In 2002, Bonanza was ranked No.43 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, the time period for the television series is roughly between 1861 to 1867 during and shortly after the American Civil War. During the summer of 1972, NBC aired reruns of episodes from the 1967–1970 period in time on Tuesday evening under the title Ponderosa. The show chronicles the adventures of the Cartwright family, headed by the thrice-widowed patriarch Ben Cartwright. Via exposition and flashback episodes, each wife was accorded a different ancestry, English, Swedish, the familys cook was the Chinese immigrant Hop Sing. Greene, Roberts, Blocker, and Landon were billed equally, the opening credits would alternate the order among the four stars. The family lived on a 600, 000+ acre ranch called the Ponderosa on the shore of Lake Tahoe in Nevada. The vast size of the Cartwrights land was quietly revised to half a million acres on Lorne Greenes 1964 song, the ranch name refers to the Ponderosa Pine, common in the West. The nearest town to the Ponderosa was Virginia City, where the Cartwrights would go to converse with Sheriff Roy Coffee, or his deputy Clem Foster. You always saw stories about family on comedies or on an anthology, but Bonanza was the first series that was week-to-week about a family, Bonanza was a period drama that attempted to confront contemporary social issues. That was very difficult to do on television, most shows that tried to do it failed because the sponsors didnt like it, and the networks were nervous about getting letters, explains Stephen Battaglio, a senior editor for TV Guide magazine. Episodes ranged from high drama, to comedy, and addressed issues such as the environment, substance abuse, domestic violence, anti-war sentiment. The series sought to illustrate the cruelty of bigotry against, Asians, African-Americans, Native Americans, Jews, Mormons, originally, the Cartwrights tended to be depicted as put-off by outsiders. Lorne Greene objected to this, pointing out that as the areas largest timber and livestock producer, the producers agreed with this observation and changed the Cartwrights to be more amiable. Though not familiar stars in 1959, the cast quickly became favorites of the first television generation, the order of billing at the beginning of the broadcast appeared to be shuffled randomly each week, with no relation whatsoever to the current episode featured that week
24.
Quincy, M.E.
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Quincy, M. E. is an American medical mystery-drama television series from Universal Studios that aired from 1976 to 1983 on NBC. It stars Jack Klugman in the role, a Los Angeles County medical examiner. Inspired by the book Where Death Delights by Marshall Houts, a former FBI agent, john Vernon, who played the Wojeck title role, later guest starred in the third-season episode Requiem for the Living. Quincys character is modeled on Los Angeles Coroner to the Stars Thomas Noguchi. Quincy was broadcast as 90-minute telefilms as part of the NBC Sunday Mystery Movie rotation in the fall of 1976 alongside Columbo, McCloud, and McMillan. Instead, a two-hour episode kicked off a 13 episode shortened run of the series concluded the 1976-1977 season while the Mystery Movie format was discontinued in the spring of 1977. Therefore, there appears to be some confusion as to whether the series truly is based upon seven or eight distinct seasons that the series ran on network television. The Quincy series often used the actors for different roles in various episodes. Writers Tony Lawrence and Lou Shaw received an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America in 1978 for the second-season episode. The Thigh Bones Connected to the Knee Bone and his colleagues, friends and wife all address him by his surname or the shortened Quince. In his investigations, Quincy frequently comes into conflict with his boss, Dr. Robert Asten, each have their own ideas about whats going on and about Quincys deductions. In early episodes, Quincys relationship with men is often volatile and nearly adversarial. This changed dramatically in later episodes where Quincy appears to have much closer professional and personal relationships with the two, Quincy is assisted by his faithful lab assistant, Sam Fujiyama. It is revealed in the episode The Last of Leadbottom Quincy is a retired Captain in the US Navy, in the episode Crib Job, Quincy notes he originally wanted to be a railroad engineer, after revealing a number of facts about the dangers of the occupation. A well-liked man, Quincy lives on a sailboat in a permanent boat slip in Marina Del Rey, California and frequents Dannys, Quincy is very popular with women. He was married once before but lost his wife Helen to cancer, in the Mystery Movie installments and earliest hour-long episodes, Quincy has a regular girlfriend named Lee Potter who sometimes accompanies him on his cases. This is his only steady relationship until near the end of the seventh season, Quincy occasionally drives an antique car, but friends sometimes ask why he drives his work vehicle on his day off. Quincy claims that his car is off being repaired, Quincy, M. E. was one of the first dramatic series to use a format like this to further a social agenda. In 2008, Klugman sued NBC, asserting that the network had concealed profits from the show which were owed to him, harry Trumble, and Dr. Leo Gelber
25.
Murder, She Wrote
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Murder, She Wrote is an American crime drama television series starring Angela Lansbury as mystery writer and amateur detective Jessica Fletcher. The series aired for 12 seasons with 264 episodes from 1984 to 1996 on the CBS network and it was followed by four TV films and an unsuccessful spin-off series, which was produced in 1987, The Law & Harry McGraw. In syndication, the series is highly successful throughout the world. Lansbury was nominated for ten Golden Globes and 12 Emmy Awards for her work on Murder, the series received three nominations but no wins in the Outstanding Drama Series category at the Emmys. It was nominated for a Golden Globe in the same six times. After the series finished in 1996, four TV movies were released between 1997 and 2003, in 2009, a point-and-click video game was released for the PC platform, followed in 2012 by a sequel. A spin-off book series, written by Donald Bain, continues publication at present, earlier, she had acted in two film adaptations of Agatha Christies mystery novels, as Salome Otterbourne in Death on the Nile and as the famous sleuth Miss Marple in The Mirror Crackd. With Murder, She Wrote debuting on Sunday, September 30,1984 and it also made Lansbury, known previously for her motion picture and Broadway stage work, a household name for millions of television viewers. The title comes from Murder, She Said, which was the title of a 1961 film adaptation of Agatha Christies Miss Marple novel 4,50 from Paddington. The show revolves around the life of Jessica Fletcher, a childless. Despite fame and fortune, Jessica remains a resident of Cabot Cove, a coastal community in Maine. Exterior shots of Cabot Cove were filmed in Mendocino, California, the show mostly starts with a preview of the episodes events, with Jessica stating, Tonight On Murder, She Wrote. Jessica invariably proves more perceptive than the official investigators of a case, by carefully piecing the clues together and asking astute questions, she always manages to trap the real murderer. Murder occurred with regularity in her vicinity that the term Cabot Cove syndrome was coined to describe the constant appearance of dead bodies in remote locations. Jessicas relationship with law enforcement officials varies from place to place, both sheriffs of Cabot Cove resign themselves to having her meddle in their cases. However, most detectives and police officers do not want her anywhere near their crime scenes, some are happy to have her assistance from the start, often because they are fans of her books. With time, she makes friends in many departments across the U. S. as well as with a British police officer attached to Scotland Yard. At the start of eight, more of the stories were set in New York City with Jessica moving into an apartment there part-time in order to teach criminology
26.
Peter Falk
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He was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, first for Murder, Inc. and again for Pocketful of Miracles. Director William Friedkin said of Falks role in his film The Brinks Job and he could break your heart or he could make you laugh. Falk was the first actor to be nominated for an Academy Award, in 1968, Falk starred with Gene Barry in a ninety-minute television movie about a highly skilled, laid-back detective. Columbo eventually became part of a series titled The NBC Mystery Movie, along with McCloud, McMillan & Wife. The detective series stayed on NBC from 1971 to 1978, took a respite, Falk was everyones favorite rumpled television detective, wrote historian David Fantle. In 1996, TV Guide ranked Falk number 21 on its 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time list. Born in New York City, Falk was the son of Michael Peter Falk, owner of a clothing and dry goods store, and his wife, Madeline, an accountant and buyer. Both of his parents were Jewish, coming from Poland and Russia on his fathers side, and from Hungary, Falks right eye was surgically removed when he was three because of a retinoblastoma, he wore an artificial eye for most of his life. The artificial eye was the cause of his trademark squint, despite this limitation, as a boy he participated in team sports, mainly baseball and basketball. In a 1997 interview in Cigar Aficionado magazine with Arthur Marx, Falk said, I got so mad I took out my glass eye, handed it to him and said, Try this. I got such a laugh you wouldnt believe, Falks first stage appearance was at the age of 12 in The Pirates of Penzance at Camp High Point in upstate New York, where one of his camp counselors was Ross Martin. Falk attended Ossining High School in Westchester County, New York, after graduating from high school in 1945, Falk briefly attended Hamilton College in Clinton, New York, and then tried to join the armed services as World War II was drawing to a close. Rejected because of his eye, he joined the United States Merchant Marine. Falk said of the experience in 1997, There they dont care if youre blind or not, the only one on a ship who has to see is the captain. And in the case of the Titanic, he couldnt see very well, Falk recalls this period in his autobiography, A year on the water was enough for me, so I returned to college. After a year and a half in the Merchant Marine, Falk returned to Hamilton College and he transferred to the New School for Social Research in New York City, which awarded him a bachelors degree in literature and political science in 1951. He then traveled in Europe and worked on a railroad in Yugoslavia for six months, Falk obtained a Master of Public Administration degree at the Maxwell School of Syracuse University in 1953. The program was designed to civil servants for the federal government
27.
Robert Vaughn
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Robert Francis Vaughn was an American actor noted for his stage, film and television work. His best-known TV roles include suave spy Napoleon Solo in the 1960s series The Man from U. N. C. L. E, gwynn in The Young Philadelphians which earned him a 1960 Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. As grifter and card sharp Albert Stroller, Vaughn appeared in all, from January to February 2012, he appeared in the British soap opera Coronation Street as Milton Fanshaw, a love interest for Sylvia Goodwin. Robert Vaughn was born on November 22,1932 in New York City, to Gerald Walter Vaughn, an actor, and his wife, Marcella Frances. He was of Irish, French, and German ancestry and his parents divorced, and Vaughn lived with his grandparents in Minneapolis while his mother traveled and performed. Vaughn graduated from North High School, then enrolled in the University of Minnesota as a journalism major, however, he dropped out after a year and moved to Los Angeles with his mother. He studied at Los Angeles City College, then transferred to Los Angeles State College of Applied Arts and Sciences and he received a Ph. D. in communications from the University of Southern California in 1970. In 1972, he published his dissertation as the book Only Victims, Vaughn made his television debut on the November 21,1955, Black Friday episode of the American TV series Medic, the first of more than two hundred episodic roles through mid-2000. His first film appearance was as an extra in The Ten Commandments. Vaughns first credited role came the following year in the Western Hells Crossroads, in which he played Bob Ford. Seen by Burt Lancaster in Calder Willinghams play End as a Man and his career as a television and film star was briefly disrupted with him being drafted by United States Army and returned at age 27. Vaughn appeared as Stan Gray in the episode The Twisted Road of the syndicated series Frontier Doctor. Vaughn was the last surviving member of those who portrayed The Magnificent Seven and he played a different role, Judge Oren Travis, on the 1998-2000 syndicated TV series The Magnificent Seven. In the 1963-64 season, Vaughn appeared in The Lieutenant as Captain Raymond Rambridge alongside Gary Lockwood and his dissatisfaction with the somewhat diminished aspect of the character led him to request an expanded role. N. C. L. E. After the pilot was reshot with Leo G. Carroll in the role of Solos boss and this was the role which would make Vaughn a household name even behind the Iron Curtain. Vaughn had guest-starred on Lockwoods ABC series Follow the Sun, in 1963 he also appeared in an episode of The Dick Van Dyke Show as Jim Darling, a successful businessman and an old flame of Laura Petrie in the episode Its A Shame She Married Me. From 1964 to 1968, Vaughn played Solo with Scottish co-star David McCallum playing his fellow agent Illya Kuryakin. This production spawned a spinoff show, large amounts of merchandising, overseas theatrical movies of re-edited episodes, in 1966, Vaughn appeared as a bachelor on the nighttime premiere of The Dating Game
28.
Columbo
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Columbo is an American television series starring Peter Falk as Columbo, a homicide detective with the Los Angeles Police Department. The plot revolves around how a perpetrator whose identity is known to the audience will finally be caught. Columbo is a police detective of Italian descent whose clothes are disheveled and whose trademarks include wearing a rumpled, beige raincoat over his suit. He is consistently underestimated by his suspects who, while initially reassured and distracted by his circumstantial speech, despite his unassuming appearance and apparent absentmindedness, he is extremely intelligent and shrewdly solves all of his cases and secures all evidence needed for a conviction. His formidable eye for detail and relentlessly dedicated approach, often become clear to the only late in the story line. The episodes are all movie-length, between 73 and 100 minutes long, and have been broadcast in forty-four countries, in 2012, the program was chosen as the third-best cop or legal show on Best in TV, The Greatest TV Shows of Our Time. In 2013, TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time, also in 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked it No.57 in the list of 101 Best Written TV Series. After two pilot episodes, the originally aired on NBC from 1971 to 1978 as one of the rotating programs of The NBC Mystery Movie. Columbo then aired less regularly on ABC beginning in 1989 under the umbrella of The ABC Mystery Movie, the last film was broadcast in 2003 as part of ABC Thursday Night at the Movies. In almost every episode the audience sees the crime unfold at the beginning and knows the identity of the culprit, once Columbo enters the story, viewers watch him solve the case by sifting through the contradictions between the truth and the version presented to him by the killer. This style of mystery is sometimes referred to as a howcatchem, episodes tend to be driven by their characters, the audience observing the criminals reaction to Columbos increasingly intrusive presence. In some cases, the arrogance and dismissive attitude allow Columbo to manipulate his suspects into self-incrimination. While details of the actions are shown to the viewer, Columbos true thoughts. Columbo generally maintains a relationship with the murderer until the end. The point at which the detective first begins to suspect the murderer is not revealed. Each case is concluded in a similar style, with Columbo dropping any pretense of uncertainty. Following the killers reaction, the episode ends with the killer confessing or quietly submitting to arrest. There are few attempts to deceive the viewer or provide a twist in the tale, other sources claim Columbos character is also influenced by Inspector Fichet from the French suspense-thriller film Les Diaboliques
29.
Saturday Night Live
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Saturday Night Live is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11,1975, under the original title NBCs Saturday Night, the shows comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest and features performances by a musical guest, an episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, Live from New York, its Saturday Night. In 1980, Michaels left the series to other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews, Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned, Michaels has remained since then. Many of SNLs cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film. The show format has developed and recreated in several countries. Successful sketches have seen life outside of the show as feature films, throughout four decades on air, Saturday Night Live has received a number of awards, including 50 Primetime Emmy Awards, two Peabody Awards, and three Writers Guild of America Awards. In 2000, it was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame and it was ranked tenth in TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time list, and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time magazines 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME. As of 2012, it has received 156 Emmy nominations, the most received by any TV show, the live aspect of the show has resulted in several controversies and acts of censorship, with mistakes and intentional acts of sabotage by performers as well as guests. From 1965 until September 1975, NBC ran The Best of Carson reruns of The Tonight Show, in 1974, Johnny Carson announced that he wanted the weekend shows pulled and saved so that they could be aired during weeknights, allowing him to take time off. In 1974, NBC president Herbert Schlosser approached his vice president of late night programming, Dick Ebersol, at the suggestion of Paramount Pictures executive Barry Diller, Schlosser and Ebersol then approached Lorne Michaels. Over the next three weeks, Ebersol and Michaels developed the idea for a variety show featuring high-concept comedy sketches, political satire. By 1975 Michaels had assembled a talented cast, including Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael ODonoghue, Gilda Radner, and George Coe. The show was originally called NBCs Saturday Night, because Saturday Night Live was in use by Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell on the rival network ABC, NBC purchased the rights to the name in 1976 and officially adopted the new title on March 26,1977. In 1975 and 1976, they were the most desirable demographic for television advertisers, NBC executives agreed with Michaels and decided to keep the show on the air despite many angry letters and phone calls that the network received from viewers who were offended by certain sketches. Chevy Chase left the show in November of the season and was replaced a few months later by the then-unknown comic actor Bill Murray. Aykroyd and Belushi left the show in 1979 after the end of season four, in May 1980, Michaels—emotionally and physically exhausted—requested to put the show on hiatus for a year to give him time and energy to pursue other projects
30.
Falcon Crest
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Falcon Crest is an American prime time television soap opera that aired for nine seasons on CBS from December 4,1981 to May 17,1990. The series revolved around the feuding factions of the wealthy Gioberti/Channing family in the Californian wine industry, Jane Wyman starred as Angela Channing, the tyrannical matriarch of the Falcon Crest Winery, alongside Robert Foxworth as Chase Gioberti, Angelas nephew who returns after the death of his father. The series was set in the fictitious Tuscany Valley northeast of San Francisco, the show was created by Earl Hamner, Jr. who had previously created The Waltons, which had just finished its final season in 1981. Hamner wanted to create a drama involving the wine industry entitled The Vintage Years. An unaired pilot episode was produced, but CBS requested that Hamner make the show more along the lines of Dallas, the script was rewritten and several cast members changed for what became Falcon Crest. The series first aired in December 1981, when CBS scheduled Falcon Crest at 10 pm on Friday nights, the Dallas-Falcon Crest one-two punch proved lucrative for the network and Falcon Crest was a top-20 show in the Nielsen Ratings for several years. Both shows were produced for CBS by the company, Lorimar Productions. At the center of the action is Angela Channing, a corrupt, when her brother Jason Gioberti dies from a fall in the winery, his son Chase Gioberti arrives to claim his inherited portion of Falcon Crest. The rivalry between Angela and Chase — whom Angela sees as an interloper — sets the tone for much of the series, surrounding Angela are her daughters, Julia and Emma, and her lazy playboy grandson, Lance Cumson, who aids her in her battles against Chase. Julia is chief winemaker, though often feels oppressed by her domineering mother, kind-natured Emma does not work in the family business, but is emotionally troubled. Julias son Lance loves money and yearns for power, but lacks Angelas discipline and her ever-tightening grip on him eventually sends him to work for his grandfathers newspaper, The San Francisco Globe. Aiding Angela in her quest for power is her crooked lawyer, Phillip Erikson. Chases wife Maggie is a writer who later works at The New Globe newspaper, their grown son Cole works at the winery with Chase. Scheming Melissa becomes embroiled in a triangle with Lance and Cole. In the second season, a rival for Angela arrives in the form of conniving Richard Channing. Richard crosses them at every turn and makes attempts to wrest control of Falcon Crest. The distinctive location filming in the Napa Valley and the dry, the rivalry between Angela, Chase, and Richard stayed at the core of the show for several years, as more romantic entanglements spun around them. Lance and Cole found themselves not only caught up in their family battles for control of Falcon Crest, like Dallas and Dynasty, Falcon Crest employed memorable end-of-season cliffhangers to boost ratings
31.
Twin Peaks
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Twin Peaks is an American television serial drama created by Mark Frost and David Lynch that premiered on April 8,1990, on ABC. It was one of the shows of 1990, but declining ratings led to its cancellation after its second season in 1991. It nonetheless captured a cult following and has been referenced in a variety of media. In subsequent years, Twin Peaks has often been ranked as one of the greatest television dramas ever made, the series follows an investigation headed by FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper into the murder of homecoming queen Laura Palmer in the fictional town of Twin Peaks, Washington. Like much of Lynchs work, it is distinguished by surrealism and offbeat humor, the shows acclaimed score was composed by Angelo Badalamenti in collaboration with Lynch. Twin Peaks was followed by a 1992 feature film, Twin Peaks, Fire Walk with Me, in October 2014, Showtime announced that the series would return as a limited event series, scheduled to premiere on May 21,2017. The limited series is written by Lynch and Frost and directed by Lynch, many original cast members, including MacLachlan, returned. In 1989, logger Pete Martell discovers a corpse wrapped in plastic on the bank of a river outside the town of Twin Peaks. When Sheriff Harry S. Truman, his deputies, and Dr. Will Hayward arrive, a badly injured second girl, Ronette Pulaski, is discovered in a fugue state. FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper is called in to investigate, Coopers initial examination of Lauras body reveals a tiny typed letter R inserted under her fingernail. The authorities discover that Laura has been living a double life and she was cheating on her boyfriend, football captain Bobby Briggs, with biker James Hurley, and prostituting herself with the help of truck driver Leo Johnson and drug dealer Jacques Renault. Laura was also addicted to cocaine, which she obtained by coercing Bobby into doing business with Jacques, Lauras father, attorney Leland Palmer, suffers a nervous breakdown. Her best friend, Donna Hayward, begins a relationship with James, with the help of Lauras cousin Maddy Ferguson, Donna and James discover that Lauras psychiatrist, Dr. Lawrence Jacoby, was obsessed with Laura, but he is proven innocent of the murder. Hornes sultry, troubled daughter, Audrey, becomes infatuated with Cooper, Cooper has a dream in which he is approached by a one-armed otherworldly being who calls himself Mike. Mike says that Lauras murderer is an entity, Killer Bob. Cooper finds himself decades older with Laura and a dwarf in a red business suit, the next morning, Cooper tells Truman that, if he can decipher the dream, he will know who killed Laura. Cooper and the sheriffs department find the man from Coopers dream. Gerard knows a Bob, the veterinarian who treats Renaults pet bird, Cooper interprets these events to mean that Renault is the murderer and, with Trumans help, tracks Renault to One-Eyed Jacks, a brothel owned by Horne across the border in Canada
32.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background, in the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the half of the star field. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year, special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E. M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamor, Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and a firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. By another account, the stars were inspired, by Sugarmans drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars. In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree inside a star on a brown background. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B, deMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz. A requirement stipulated by the audio recording committee specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement, as a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959, construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting, in October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr. sought damages for the exclusion of his father, chaplins suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project. Woodwards name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558, the other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence
33.
Lawyer
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A lawyer is a person who practices law, as an advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor or solicitor or chartered legal executive. The role of the lawyer varies greatly across legal jurisdictions, in practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer. As a result, the meaning of the lawyer may vary from place to place. In Australia, the lawyer is used to refer to both barristers and solicitors. In Canada, the word lawyer refers to individuals who have been called to the bar or. Common law lawyers in Canada are formally and properly called barristers and solicitors, however, in Quebec, civil law advocates often call themselves attorney and sometimes barrister and solicitor in English. The Legal Services Act 2007 defines the activities that may only be performed by a person who is entitled to do so pursuant to the Act. Lawyer is not a protected title, in India, the term lawyer is often colloquially used, but the official term is advocate as prescribed under the Advocates Act,1961. In Scotland, the word refers to a more specific group of legally trained people. It specifically includes advocates and solicitors, in a generic sense, it may also include judges and law-trained support staff. In the United States, the term refers to attorneys who may practice law. It is never used to refer to patent agents or paralegals, in fact, there are regulatory restrictions on non-lawyers like paralegals practicing law. Other nations tend to have terms for the analogous concept. In most countries, particularly civil law countries, there has been a tradition of giving many legal tasks to a variety of civil law notaries, clerks, and scriveners. Several countries that originally had two or more legal professions have since fused or united their professions into a type of lawyer. Most countries in this category are common law countries, though France, in countries with fused professions, a lawyer is usually permitted to carry out all or nearly all the responsibilities listed below. Arguing a clients case before a judge or jury in a court of law is the province of the barrister in England. However, the boundary between barristers and solicitors has evolved, in England today, the barrister monopoly covers only appellate courts, and barristers must compete directly with solicitors in many trial courts
34.
WarGames
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WarGames is a 1983 American Cold War science fiction film written by Lawrence Lasker and Walter F. Parkes and directed by John Badham. The film stars Matthew Broderick, Dabney Coleman, John Wood, the film follows David Lightman, a young hacker who unwittingly accesses WOPR, a United States military supercomputer originally programmed to predict possible outcomes of nuclear war. Lightman gets WOPR to run a war simulation, originally believing it to be a computer game. The computer, now tied into the weapons control system. The film was a box office success, costing US$12 million, the film was nominated for three Academy Awards. A sequel, WarGames, The Dead Code, was released direct to DVD on July 29,2008, during a surprise drill of a nuclear attack, many United States Air Force Strategic Missile Wing controllers prove unwilling to turn a required key to launch a missile strike. Such refusals convince John McKittrick and other engineers at NORAD that missile launch control centers must be automated. Control is given to a NORAD supercomputer, WOPR, programmed to continuously run war simulations, David Lightman, a bright, but unmotivated Seattle high school student and hacker, uses his computer to break into the school districts computer system and change his grades. He does the same for his friend and classmate Jennifer Mack, later, while war dialing numbers in Sunnyvale, California to find a computer company, he connects with a system that does not identify itself. Two hacker friends explain the concept of a password and suggest tracking down the Falken referenced in Falkens Maze. David discovers that Stephen Falken was an artificial intelligence researcher. David does not know that the Sunnyvale phone number connects to WOPR at the Cheyenne Mountain Complex and he starts a game of Global Thermonuclear War, playing as the Soviet Union. The computer starts a simulation that briefly convinces the military personnel at NORAD that actual Soviet nuclear missiles are inbound. While they defuse the situation, Joshua nonetheless continues the simulation to trigger the scenario and win the game, David learns the true nature of his actions from a news broadcast, and FBI agents arrest him and take him to NORAD. He realizes that WOPR is behind the NORAD alerts, but because he fails to convince McKittrick, David escapes NORAD by joining a tourist group and, with Jennifers help, travels to the Oregon island where Falken lives. David and Jennifer find that Falken has become despondent and believes that war is inevitable. The teenagers convince Falken that he should return to NORAD to stop WOPR, the computer stages a massive Soviet first strike with hundreds of missiles, submarines, and bombers. Believing the attack to be genuine, NORAD prepares to retaliate, Falken, David, and Jennifer convince military officials to cancel the second strike and ride out the attack
35.
Sneakers (1992 film)
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In 1969, students Martin Brice and Cosmo are sneakers who hack into computer networks using university equipment, to redistribute conservative funds to various liberal causes. The police burst in and arrest Cosmo while Martin is out getting pizza, Martin is approached by NSA officers Dick Gordon and Buddy Wallace, who know of his former identity. Martin is hesitant but agrees to help, with help from his former girlfriend, Liz, Martin and his team secure the box, which is disguised as a telephone answering machine. During their subsequent celebration party, Whistler, Mother, and Carl investigate the box, Martin works out that Setec Astronomy is an anagram of too many secrets, and issues a lockdown until they can deliver the box the next day. Martin hands the box to the NSA officers, but quickly leaves after Crease discovers that Janek was killed the night before and he contacts a friend named Gregor in the Russian consulate, who confirms that the officers were rogue agents, and that Janek was working for the NSA. Before Gregor can elaborate further, fake FBI agents kill him and kidnap Martin to a location where hes reunited with Cosmo. While in prison, Cosmo developed ties with organized crime, allowing him to escape and he explains his plan to use Janeks box to destabilize the world economy, and offers Martin the chance to join him. Martin refuses, whereupon Cosmo uses the box to break into the FBI, Cosmo has Martin knocked out and taken back to the city. Martin contacts his team and they relocate to Lizs apartment and they contact NSA agent Abbott, who wants the box but cannot offer assistance without it being in Martins possession. Whistler analyzes the sounds that Martin heard during his kidnapping, and is able to identify the area where Martin was taken. They find a toy company at that location, which is a front for Cosmos operation and they track down Werner Brandes, the employee whose office is next to Cosmos. They set Liz up with a fake computer date with Brandes to get his keycard and vocal recognition codes, the team successfully get into the building to recover the box. Brandes begins to suspect Liz during the date, and alerts Cosmo to a possible break-in, once Liz mentions the computer date in Cosmos presence, he realizes that Martin is responsible and locks down the facility and holds Martin at gunpoint. Again he tries to convince Martin to join him, but Martin refuses, the team escapes before Cosmo realizes that he is holding an empty duplicate of the boxs case. Back at their offices, Martins team is surrounded by agents led by Abbott, after Abbott and the agents leave with the box, Martin shows his team he has rendered the box useless by taking out the main processor. In early drafts, the character of Liz was a bank employee, the role was changed because Lasker and Parkes believed that it took too long for her character to develop. I cant remember having so much fun on a movie, Tobolowsky recalled in a 2012 anniversary piece for Slate and he had initially scoffed at the script based on its title alone, but his agent persuaded him to actually read it, and he reconsidered. Afterward, he told his agent, Now I know what a hundred million dollars at the box office reads like and it was one of the most spectacular casts Ive ever been lucky enough to be a part of, Tobolowsky wrote
36.
Bel Air, Los Angeles
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Bel Air, Bel-Air or Bel Air Estates is a neighborhood in the Westside area of Los Angeles, California, in the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains. The lightly populated district, with an older, well-educated population, has a high income level. The 2000 U. S. census counted 7,691 residents in the 6. 37-square-mile Bel Air neighborhood, with 1,207 per square mile it has among the lowest population densities for the city and the county. In 2008, the city estimated that the population had increased to 8,253, in 2000 the median age for residents was 46, which was high for city and county neighborhoods. The percentages of residents aged 50 and older was among the countys highest, the median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $207,938, the highest figure for any neighborhood or city in Los Angeles County. Renters occupied 14. 5% of the stock, and house- or apartment-owners held 85. 5%. The average household size of 2.4 people was considered typical for Los Angeles, the 4. 1% of families headed by single parents was considered low for city and county neighborhoods. The percentages of married people in Bel Air were among the countys highest—66. 0% for men and 65. 7% for women, there were 808 veterans, or 12. 9% of the population. The neighborhood was considered not especially diverse ethnically within Los Angeles, the breakdown was whites,83. 0%, Asians,8. 2%, Latinos,4. 6%, blacks,0. 9%, and others,3. 2%. Iran and South Africa were the most common places of birth for the 24. 1% of the residents who were born abroad—which was a percentage for Los Angeles as a whole. The community was founded in 1923 by Alphonzo Bell, Bell owned farm property in Santa Fe Springs, California, where oil was discovered. He bought a ranch with a home on what is now Bel Air Road. He subdivided and developed the property with large residential lots and he also built the Bel-Air Beach Club in Santa Monica and the Bel-Air Country Club. His wife chose Italian names for the streets and she also founded the Bel-Air Garden Club in 1931. Together with Beverly Hills and Holmby Hills, Bel Air forms the Platinum Triangle of Los Angeles neighborhoods, Bel Air is situated about 12 miles west of Downtown Los Angeles and includes some of the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains. It lies across Sunset Boulevard from the edge of the main campus of the University of California. At the heart of the community sits the Bel-Air Country Club, along with Beverly Hills and the Los Angeles community of Brentwood, it is one of the Three Bs, a wealthy area in the Los Angeles Westside. This region experiences warm and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bel Air has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated Csb on climate maps
37.
Two O'Clock Courage
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Two OClock Courage is a 1945 American film noir directed by Anthony Mann and written by Robert E. Kent, based on novel written by Gelett Burgess. The drama features Tom Conway and Ann Rutherford, an amnesiac, accused of murder searches for the truth with the help of a cabbie, Patty Mitchell. The story is essentially a remake of Two in the Dark, Tom Conway as The Man, Ted Step Allison Ann Rutherford as Patty Mitchell Richard Lane as Al Haley Lester Matthews as Mark Evans Roland Drew as Steve Maitland Emory Parnell as Insp. Bill Brenner Jane Greer as Helen Carter Jean Brooks as Barbara Borden The New York Times called it a modest little item of second-rate cinematic fun
38.
The Bamboo Blonde
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The Bamboo Blonde is a 1946 American war film directed by Anthony Mann based on an original story Chicago Lulu by Wayne Whittaker. Saddled with a low budget, it stars singer Frances Langford in the role, Ralph Edwards. As an RKO star, Langford was famous for her role in entertaining the troops in World War II, businessman Eddie Clark tells a reporter the story behind his conglomerate of products branded as the Bamboo Blonde. During the Pacific War, Captain Patrick Ransom, Jr. the pilot of a B-29 bomber is stood up by his fiancée Eileen Sawyer on the way to meet his new crew at a New York nightclub, owned by Clark. Instead, he sees Louise Anderson, a blonde singer at the nightclub. Although engaged, he falls in love with the singer, but has to next day for action in the Pacific. The crew is reluctant to accept their new skipper and decide to dump him at the nightclub, coming back later to find the Captain. The Bamboo Blonde becomes famous when the B-29 sinks a Japanese battleship, the armed forces decides to bring the Bamboo Blonde and its crew back home to sell war bonds across the country and Clark knows that he can exploit his singers connection to the famous bomber. Back in New York, the Captain leaves his fiancée and seeks out Louise, who has also fallen in love with the pilot. Anthony Mann, on only his 11th film as a director, is known for later working with James Stewart on western films like The Naked Spur, film noirs. This early film is typical of a period when Mann accepted any, the soundtrack included many big band pieces performed by Frances Langford. The new film was a kind of filmed vaudeville show, using old material from RKO films, mainly due to its connection with Mann, the film was screened at the recent B Musicals Film Festival at Film Forum in New York City. The Bamboo Blonde at the Internet Movie Database The Bamboo Blonde at the TCM Movie Database
39.
Sinbad the Sailor (1947 film)
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Sinbad the Sailor is a 1947 Technicolor fantasy film starring Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. Maureen OHara, Walter Slezak, and Anthony Quinn. It tells the tale of the voyage of Sinbad, wherein he discovers the lost treasure of Alexander the Great. O Masters, O Noble Persons, O Brothers, know you that in the time of the Caliph Harun-Al-Rashid, strange and wondrous were the tales told of him and his voyages. But who, shall we surmise, gave him his immortality, who, more than all other sons of Allah, spread glory to the name of Sinbad. Who else, O Brother, but - Sinbad the Sailor, know me, O Brothers, for the truth of my words, and by the ears of the Prophet, every word I have spoken is truth. - from the title card The story begins with Sinbad regaling a group of travelers around a night-time campfire. When his listeners become bored with his often repeated tales, Sinbad tells them about his eighth voyage, with his friend, Abbu, Sinbad salvages a ship whose crew has been poisoned. On board, he finds a map to the lost treasure of Alexander the Great on the island of Deryabar. However, when he sails to Basra, the ship is confiscated by the local Khan, Sinbad obtains an agreement that he may keep the ship if there are no bids. He scares away all the bidders with not-so-subtle comments about the ship being cursed, at the last moment, one bidder appears, a veiled woman borne by four servants. She is Shireen, part of the harem of the powerful Emir of Daibul, Sinbad bids against her and ends up owing a huge sum he cannot pay. He steals the auctioneers own money to pay for the ship, visiting Shireen that night in her garden, Sinbad learns of a mysterious and deadly person known as Jamal, who will stop at nothing to acquire the treasure. Jamal, only vaguely seen behind a curtain, makes an attempt on Sinbads life, Sinbad escapes and steals the ship, acquiring a rough crew to man it. Strange stories of the evil Jamel circulate among the crew, after several days, Sinbad sails to another port and goes, risking death, to visit Shireen in the harem. He is captured, but because the Emir believes him to be the Prince of Deryabar, with his smooth words and some trickery, Sinbad once again escapes, taking Shireen with him. They set sail for Daryabar, but are overtaken and captured by the Emir and it is then revealed that Sinbads ships barber, Abdul Melik is none other than Jamal, who has memorized the map to Deryabar. Forming an uneasy alliance of convenience, they sail to the treasure island and they convince the lone resident of the ruins of Alexanders palace, the aged Aga, that Sinbad is his lost son, owing to a medallion Sinbad had since childhood. When the Emir threatens to kill Sinbad, Sinbad confesses his true identity, nevertheless, Aga capitulates and shows them the fabulous treasures hiding place
