1.
First Lady of the United States
–
First Lady of the United States is the informal but accepted title held by the wife of the President of the United States, concurrent with the presidents term of office. Although the first lady’s role has never been codified or officially defined, melania Trump is the current First Lady. While the title was not in use until much later, Martha Washington, the wife of George Washington. During her lifetime she was referred to as Lady Washington. Since the 1790s the role of first lady has changed considerably and it has come to include involvement in political campaigns, management of the White House, championship of social causes, and representation of the president at official and ceremonial occasions. Additionally, over the individual first ladies have held influence in a range of sectors. Historically, should a president be unmarried, or a widower, the use of the title First Lady to describe the spouse or hostess of an executive began in the United States. In the early days of the republic, there was not a generally accepted title for the wife of the president. Indulging in no indolence, she left the pillow at dawn, sometime after 1849, the title began being used in Washington, D. C. social circles. The title first gained recognition in 1877, when newspaper journalist Mary C. Ames referred to Lucy Webb Hayes as the First Lady of the Land while reporting on the inauguration of Rutherford B, the frequent reporting on Lucy Hayes activities helped spread use of the title outside Washington. A popular 1911 comedic play about Dolley Madison by playwright Charles Nirdlinger, titled The First Lady in the Land, by the 1930s, it was in wide use. Use of the later spread from the United States to other nations. The wife of the Vice President of the United States is sometimes referred to as the Second Lady of the United States, the position of the First Lady is not an elected one and carries only ceremonial duties. Nonetheless, first ladies have held a highly visible position in American society, the role of the First Lady has evolved over the centuries. She is, first and foremost, the hostess of the White House and she organizes and attends official ceremonies and functions of state either along with, or in place of, the president. Lisa Burns identifies four main themes of the first ladyship, as public woman, as political celebrity, as political activist. Martha Washington created the role and hosted many affairs of state at the national capital and this socializing became known as the Republican Court and provided elite women with an opportunity to play backstage political role
First Lady of the United States
–
Incumbent
Michelle Obama
First Lady of the United States
–
Dolley Madison was said to be the first President's wife to be referred to as "First Lady" at her funeral in 1849.
First Lady of the United States
–
First Ladies (from left to right)
Michelle Obama,
Laura Bush, former Secretary of State and presidential candidate
Hillary Clinton,
Barbara Bush, and
Rosalynn Carter during the dedication of the
George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum in 2013.
First Lady of the United States
–
Missouri Governor
John Ashcroft and First Lady
Barbara Bush with a "Parents as Teachers" group at the
Greater St. Louis Ferguson-Florissant School District in October 1991. Mrs. Bush (in rocking chair) is reading
Brown Bear, Brown Bear to the children.
2.
Franklin Pierce
–
Franklin Pierce was the 14th President of the United States. Pierce was a northern Democrat who saw the abolitionist movement as a threat to the unity of the nation. Historians and other scholars generally rank Pierce as among the worst of US Presidents, born in New Hampshire, Pierce served in the U. S. House of Representatives and the Senate until he resigned from the latter in 1842. His private law practice in his state was a success. Pierce took part in the Mexican–American War as a general in the Army. In the 1852 presidential election, Pierce and his running mate William R. King easily defeated the Whig Party ticket of Winfield Scott and William A. Graham. While Pierce was popular and outgoing, his life was a grim affair, with his wife Jane suffering from illness. All of their children died young, their last son being killed in a train accident while the family was traveling shortly before Pierces inauguration. Pierce was a Young America expansionist who signed the Gadsden Purchase of land from Mexico and his popularity in the Northern states declined sharply after he supported the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which nullified the Missouri Compromise, while many whites in the South continued to support him. Passage of the act led to violent conflict over the expansion of slavery in the American West, Pierces administration was further damaged when several of his diplomats issued the Ostend Manifesto, calling for the annexation of Cuba, a document which was roundly criticized. Although Pierce fully expected to be renominated by the Democrats in the 1856 presidential election, he was abandoned by his party and his reputation in the North suffered further during the Civil War as he became a vocal critic of President Abraham Lincoln. Pierce, who had been a heavy drinker for much of his life, Franklin Pierce was born on November 23,1804, in a log cabin in Hillsborough, New Hampshire. He was a descendant of Thomas Pierce, who had moved to the Massachusetts Bay Colony from Norwich, Norfolk, England. Pierces father Benjamin, a Revolutionary War lieutenant, moved from Chelmsford, Massachusetts to Hillsborough after the war, Pierce was the fifth of eight children born to Benjamin and his second wife, Anna Kendrick. Benjamin was by then a prominent Democratic-Republican state legislator, farmer, Pierces father, who sought to ensure that his sons were educated, placed Pierce in a school at Hillsborough Center in childhood and sent him to the town school at Hancock at the age of 12. The boy was not fond of schooling, growing homesick at Hancock, he walked 12 miles back to his home one Sunday. His father fed him dinner and drove him part of the back to school before kicking him out of the carriage. Pierce later cited this moment as the turning-point in my life, later that year he transferred to Phillips Exeter Academy to prepare for college
Franklin Pierce
–
Franklin Pierce
Franklin Pierce
–
The
Franklin Pierce Homestead in
Hillsborough, where Pierce grew up, is now a
National Historic Landmark. He was born in a nearby
log cabin as the homestead was being completed.
Franklin Pierce
–
Novelist
Nathaniel Hawthorne remained lifelong friends with Pierce. He wrote a glowing biography, The Life of Franklin Pierce, in support of Pierce's 1852 presidential campaign.
Franklin Pierce
–
Pious and reserved,
Jane Pierce was her husband's opposite in many ways.
3.
Abigail Fillmore
–
Abigail Powers Fillmore, wife of Millard Fillmore, was First Lady of the United States from 1850 to 1853. Abigail was born in Stillwater, New York,1798, in Saratoga County and she was the daughter of the Reverend Lemuel Powers, a Baptist minister, and Abigail Newland-Powers. Abigail grew up in Moravia, New York, not far from the Fillmore farm and her father died shortly after her birth. After moving to Cayuga County, New York by wagon train and her father left behind a large library of his personal books, and she was educated by her mother from this wealth of books. She came to love literature and also proficient in other subjects such as math, government, history, philosophy. After finishing school she became a teacher and continued to teach after marriage, in 1814 Abigail became a part-time school teacher at the Sempronius Village school. In 1817 she becomes a teacher and in 1819 she took on another teaching job. Then, in 1824 she became a tutor in Lisle to three of her cousins. She was then asked to open up a school in Broome County, she opened the school. In 1819, she took a teaching post at the new academy in New Hope, the world of knowledge and Fillmores steady progress in it drew them together, and gradually the relationship of teacher and student evolved into romantic attachment. After a long courtship, Millard, aged 26, and Abigail, aged 27, were married on February 5,1826, by the Reverend Orasius H. Smith at the home of the brides brother Judge Powers in Moravia, New York. Without a honeymoon, they settled at East Aurora, New York, Mrs. Fillmore continued to teach school until the birth of her first son and maintained a lifelong interest in education. She shared her husbands love of books and helped build their personal library, the Fillmores had a son and a daughter, Millard Powers Fillmore Mary Abigail Fillmore Attaining prosperity at last, Fillmore bought his family a six-room house in Buffalo, New York. Enjoying comparative luxury, Abigail learned the ways of society as the wife of a Congressman and she cultivated a noted flower garden, but much of her time, as always, she spent reading. In 1847 when Fillmore was elected New York State Comptroller the family moved to Albany, New York, their children were away in boarding school. In 1849, Abigail Fillmore came to Washington, D. C. as wife of the Vice President and she thereby became the Second Lady of the United States. Sixteen months later, after Zachary Taylors death at a height of sectional crisis, even after the period of official mourning, the social life of the Fillmore administration remained subdued. Every friday night the White House hosted a reception, where she had to stand for hours greeting and socializing with guests, when Abigail first moved into the White House she was reportedly appalled at the fact that there was no library in it
Abigail Fillmore
–
Abigail Powers Fillmore
Abigail Fillmore
–
Gravesite of Abigail Powers,
Forest Lawn Cemetery,
Buffalo, New York
4.
Harriet Lane
–
Harriet Rebecca Lane Johnston, acted as First Lady of the United States during the presidency of her uncle, lifelong bachelor James Buchanan, from 1857 to 1861. Lane is among at least thirteen women who have served as First Lady but were not married to the President, in appearance Hal Lane was of medium height, with masses of light, almost golden-colored hair. Harriet Lanes family was from Franklin County, Pennsylvania and she was the youngest child of Elliott Tole Lane, a merchant, and Jane Ann Buchanan Lane. She lost her mother when she was 9, when her fathers death 2 years later made her an orphan, she requested that her uncle, James Buchanan. In 1854, she joined him in London, where he was minister to the Court of St. Jamess, Queen Victoria gave dear Miss Lane the rank of ambassadors wife, admiring suitors gave her the fame of a beauty. The capital welcomed its new Democratic Queen to the White House in 1857, Harriet was a popular hostess during the four years of the Buchanan presidency. Women copied her hair and clothing styles, parents named their daughters for her, while in the White House, she used her position to promote social causes, such as improving the living conditions of Native Americans in reservations. She also made a point of inviting artists and musicians to White House functions. For both her popularity and her work, she has been described as the first of the modern first ladies. The presidential yacht was named for her—the first of several ships to be named for her and her tact did not falter, but her task became impossible—as did her uncles. Seven states had seceded by the time Buchanan retired from office and returned with his niece to his spacious country home, Wheatland, near Lancaster, during her time in England, Sir Fitzroy Kelly, then Prime Minister Palmerstons attorney general, proposed to her in marriage. Queen Victoria was strongly in favor of this match, as it would keep Lane in England, Lane considered the advantages of a number of bachelors. Her uncle cautioned Lane against rushing precipitately into matrimonial connections as his ward found her potential suitors pleasant, Lane eventually married a Baltimore banker called Henry Elliott Johnston at the age of 36. They had two sons but within 18 years her uncle, her husband, and her children died, Harriet wrote her will in 1895 and lived another eight years, during which the countrys general prosperity greatly increased the value of her estate. A codicil of 1903 increased her gift by one third but said only half the total was to be spent on the building. The remainder was specially to provide for the maintenance, education and training of choirboys. This bequest founded the prestigious school that today is called St. Albans School. At Harriet Lane Johnstons funeral, services were conducted by Bishop Satterlee and she was buried in Green Mount Cemetery, Baltimore, Maryland, her grave marked with a Celtic cross like the Peace Cross on the cathedral close
Harriet Lane
–
Harriet Lane
Harriet Lane
Harriet Lane
–
Lane-Johnston Building, St. Albans School
5.
Hampton, New Hampshire
–
Hampton is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 14,976 at the 2010 census, located beside the Atlantic Ocean, Hampton is home to Hampton Beach, a summer tourist destination. First called the Plantation of Winnacunnet, Hampton was one of four original New Hampshire townships chartered by the General Court of Massachusetts, which then held authority over the colony. In March 1635, Richard Dummer and John Spencer of the Byfield section in Newbury, came round in their shallop, Dummer, who was a member of the General Court, got that body to lay its claim to the section and plan a plantation here. The Massachusetts General Court of March 3,1636 ordered that Dummer and Spencer be given power to To presse men to build there a Bound house. The town was settled in 1638 by a group of parishioners led by Reverend Stephen Bachiler, incorporated in 1639, the township once included Seabrook, Kensington, Danville, Kingston, East Kingston, Sandown, North Hampton and Hampton Falls. Among Hamptons earliest settlers was Thomas Leavitt, who previously had been among the first settlers at Exeter and his descendant Thomas Leavitt Esq. lived in Hampton Falls, and was the leading Democratic politician in southern New Hampshire for many years. He made an early survey and plan of the town of Hampton in 1806. James Leavitt, of the family, occupied the home which had previously belonged to Gen. Jonathan Moulton. Later members of the family ran Leavitts Hampton Beach Hotel, a fixture in the area for generations, construction of the railroad in the 1850s, as well as the Exeter and Hampton Trolley line, made Hamptons oceanfront a popular resort. Hampton Beach remains a tourist destination, offering shops, restaurants, beaches, and summer seasonal housing. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 14.7 square miles, of which 12.9 square miles is land and 1.8 square miles is water. The town center, or CDP, has an area of 5.4 sq mi. Hampton is drained by the Hampton and Drakes rivers, the town lies fully within the New Hampshire Coastal watershed. The highest point in Hampton is Bride Hill, near the line with Exeter. As of the census of 2000, there were 14,937 people,6,465 households, the population density was 1,146.0 people per square mile. There were 9,349 housing units at a density of 277.0 persons/km². The racial makeup of the town was 97. 57% White,0. 39% African American,0. 17% Native American,0. 86% Asian,0. 07% Pacific Islander,0. 25% from other races, and 0. 68% from two or more races
Hampton, New Hampshire
–
Great Boar's Head c. 1920
Hampton, New Hampshire
–
The public library
Hampton, New Hampshire
–
Hotel Whittier c. 1910
Hampton, New Hampshire
–
The marshes c. 1905
6.
Andover, Massachusetts
–
Andover is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. It was settled in 1642 and later incorporated in 1646, as of the 2010 census, the population was 33,201. It is part of the Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, Massachusetts-New Hampshire metropolitan statistical area, part of the town comprises the census-designated place of Andover. In order to encourage settlement, early colonists were offered three years immunity from taxes, levies and services, the first permanent settlement in the Andover area was established in 1642 by John Woodbridge and a group of settlers from Newbury and Ipswich. Rogers Brook, a stream which cuts through the eastern part of town, is named in his honor. In May 1646 the settlement was incorporated as a town and was named Andover and this name was likely chosen in honor of the town of Andover in England, which was near the original home of some of the first residents. The first recorded meeting was held in 1656 in the home of settler John Osgood in what is now the town of North Andover. The old burying ground in what is now North Andover marks the center of the early town, contrary to popular belief, the towns split due to the location of the Old North Church, also located in what is now North Andover. King Philip was an Indian who organized a revolt against the white settlers throughout most of New England, six Indian raids occurred between 1676 and 1698 until ever-increasing numbers of white settlers established control of the land. Brown was arrested in Andover, Massachusetts but because he could not afford the $4,000 bail, brown was tried in June 1799. Brown wanted to plead guilty but Justice Samuel Chase wanted him to everybody who had helped him or who subscribed to his writings. Brown refused, was fined $480, and sentenced to eighteen months in prison, during the Salem witch trials in 1692, Andover resident Joseph Ballard asked for help for his wife from several girls in the neighboring Salem Village who were already identifying witches there. After visiting Elizabeth Ballard, the claimed that several people in Andover had bewitched her, Ann Foster, her daughter Mary Lacey Sr. During the course of the proceedings, more than 40 Andover citizens, mostly women. Three Andover residents, Martha Carrier, Mary Parker, and Samuel Wardwell, were convicted and executed and those who were not executed were granted reprieves by Gov. William Phips, but the convictions remained on their records. By 1705, Andovers population had begun to move southward and the idea of a new meeting house in the end of town was proposed. But despite this split, the town remained politically one unit, in 1854, a measure was passed to divide the town into two separate political units according to the old parish boundaries. The name Andover was assumed by the populous and wealthy West and South parishes
Andover, Massachusetts
–
Andover's Old Town Hall
Andover, Massachusetts
–
Benjamin Abbott farmhouse, Andover, 1934
Andover, Massachusetts
–
Memorial Hall Library, which was constructed in 1873 in memory of the 53 Andover men who lost their lives during the Civil War, was financed through private donations.
Andover, Massachusetts
–
Samuel Phillips Hall, the social science and language building of
Phillips Academy
7.
Jesse Appleton
–
Jesse Appleton, son of Francis Appleton and Elizabeth Hubbard, was the second president of Bowdoin College and the father of First Lady Jane Pierce. After having graduated from Dartmouth College in 1792, Appleton taught at institutions including Amherst College and then worked at a parish in Hampton. In the early 19th century, he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from both Dartmouth and Harvard University. In 1807, he was appointed president of Bowdoin, where he remained until he died of tuberculosis in 1819, a congregationalist minister and prominent Christian lecturer, Appleton was notably determined to make Bowdoin students more pious. He worked at the school, right before it reached its prominence in the 1820s, when Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1810 and he is interred at Pine Grove Cemetery in Brunswick. In 1837, Packard went on to edit The Works of Rev. Jesse Appleton, D. D. with a Memoir of His Life and his wifes sister was Mary Means, married on November 6,1799 to Jeremiah Mason
Jesse Appleton
–
Jesse Appleton
8.
Congregationalist
–
Congregational or Congregationalist churches are Protestant churches practicing congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its own affairs. Congregationalism is often considered to be a part of the wider Reformed tradition, ideas of nonconforming Protestants during the Puritan Reformation of the Church of England laid foundation for these churches. Congregationalists also differed with the Reformed churches using episcopalian church governance, within the United States, the model of Congregational churches was carried by migrating settlers from New England into New York, then into the Old North West, and further. With their insistence on independent local bodies, they became important in social reform movements, including abolitionism, temperance. Congregationalist tradition has a presence in the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and it has been introduced either by immigrant dissenter Protestants or by missionary organization such as the London Missionary Society. Congregationalists believe their model of church governance fulfils the description of the early church, Congregationalism is more easily identified as a movement than a single denomination, given its distinguishing commitment to the complete autonomy of the local congregation. The early Congregationalists shared with Anabaptist theology the ideal of a pure church and they believed the adult conversion experience was necessary for an individual to become a full member in the church, unlike other Reformed churches. As such, the Congregationalists were an influence on the Baptists. They differed in counting the children of believers in some members of the church. On the other hand, the Baptists required each member to experience conversion, in England, the Anglican system of church government was taken over by King Henry VIII. It declared the sovereign of England to be the only supreme head on earth of the Church in England. In the reign of Elizabeth I, this title was changed to Supreme Governor of the Church of England, an act still in effect. Robert Browne, Henry Barrow, John Greenwood, John Penry, William Brewster, Thomas Jollie, the underground churches in England and exiles from Holland provided about 35 out of the 102 passengers on the Mayflower, which sailed from London in July 1620. They became known in history as the Pilgrim Fathers, the early Congregationalists sought to separate themselves from the Anglican church in every possible way and even eschewed having church buildings. They met in homes for many years, in 1639 William Wroth, then Rector of the parish church at Llanvaches in Monmouthshire, established the first Independent Church in Wales according to the New England pattern, i. e. Congregational. The Tabernacle United Reformed Church at Llanvaches survives to this day, during the English Civil War, those who supported the Parliamentary cause were invited by Parliament to discuss religious matters. This government would last until 1660 when the monarch was restored, in 1658 the Congregationalists created their own version of the Westminster Confession, called the Savoy Declaration, which remains the principal subordinate standard of Congregationalism. The work in South America began in 1921 when four Argentine churches urgently requested that denominational recognition be given to George Geier, the Illinois Conference licensed Geier, who worked among Germans from Russia who were very similar to their kin in the United States and in Canada
Congregationalist
–
A Congregational church in
Cheshire, CT, United States.
Congregationalist
–
Wycliffe speaking to Lollard preachers
Congregationalist
–
Elsternwick Congregational Church (1894–1977); Orrong Road,
Elsternwick, Victoria, Australia
Congregationalist
–
William Ellis preaching to the Natives, Hawaii, c. 1823
9.
Bowdoin College
–
Bowdoin College is a private liberal arts college located in Brunswick, Maine. At the time Bowdoin was chartered in 1794, Maine was still a part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the college currently enrolls 1,839 students, and has a student–faculty ratio of 9,1. Bowdoin offers 33 majors and four additional minors, and offers joint engineering programs with Columbia University, Dartmouth College, the college was a Founding Member of its athletic conference, the New England Small College Athletic Conference and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium. Bowdoin has over 30 varsity teams and the mascot was selected as a Polar Bear in 1913 to honor a Bowdoin alumnus who led the first successful expedition to the north pole. For 2017 the college has been ranked as sixth-best liberal arts college in the U. S. by U. S. News & World Report, Bowdoin College was chartered in 1794 by the Massachusetts State Legislature and was later redirected under the jurisdiction of the Maine Legislature. It was named for former Massachusetts governor James Bowdoin, whose son James Bowdoin III was an early benefactor, at the time of its founding, it was the easternmost college in the United States, as it was located in Maine. The college also graduated two literary philosophers, the writers Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, both of whom graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1825, franklin and Hawthorne began an official militia company called the Bowdoin Cadets. From its founding, Bowdoin was known to educate the sons of the politically elite, fessenden and Hugh McCulloch both served as Secretary of the Treasury during the Lincoln Administration. However, the involvement in the Civil War was mixed as Bowdoin had many ties to slave labor. The Jefferson Davis Award was given to a student who excelled in legal studies after a donation was given to the college by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, President Ulysses S. Grant, too, was given an honorary degree from the college in 1865. Another alumnus in the sciences is the controversial entomologist-turned-sexologist Alfred Kinsey, the college went on to educate and eventually graduate Arctic explorers Robert E. Peary, class of 1877, and Donald B. Bowdoin began competing in the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium, with Bates and Colby in 1970, the consortium became an athletic rivalry, and academic exchange program. The three schools produce numerous contentions in athletics, most notably a football game and the Chase Regatta. In 2001, Barry Mills, class of 1972, was appointed as the fifth president of the college. President Mills stated, Some see a calling in such vital, as an institution devoted to the common good, Bowdoin must consider the fairness of such a result. In February 2009, following a $10 million donation by Subway Sandwiches co-founder and alumnus Peter Buck, class of 1952, the college completed a $250-million capital campaign. Additionally, the college has recently completed major construction projects on the campus, including a renovation of the colleges art museum. She insisted that distribution requirements would ensure students a more well-rounded education in a diversity of fields, current requirements require one course each in, Natural Sciences, Quantitative Reasoning, Visual and Performing Arts, International Perspectives and Exploring Social Differences
Bowdoin College
–
Bowdoin College
Bowdoin College
–
Bowdoin College
Seal
Bowdoin College
–
Bowdoin College, circa 1845. Lithograph by
Fitz Hugh Lane
Bowdoin College
–
Bowdoin was also the Medical School of Maine from 1821 to 1921
10.
Amherst, New Hampshire
–
Amherst is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 11,201 at the 2010 census, Amherst is home to Ponemah Bog Wildlife Sanctuary, Hodgman State Forest, the Joe English Reservation and Baboosic Lake. The town center village, where 613 people resided at the 2010 census, is defined as the Amherst census-designated place, the village is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Amherst Village Historic District. Like many New England towns, Amherst was the result of a grant given to soldiers – in this case. Settled about 1733, it was first called Narragansett Number 3, in 1741, settlers formed the Congregational church and hired the first minister. Chartered on 18 January 1760 by Colonial Governor Benning Wentworth, the town was named for General Lord Amherst, Lord Jeffrey Amherst is also infamous for initiating the practice of giving smallpox blankets to Native Americans in a genocidal effort to Extirpate this Execrable Race. In 1770, Amherst became the county seat of Hillsborough County and it continued to prosper through the Revolutionary War and afterwards. In 1790, the southwestern section broke off and became the town of Milford, and in 1803, the development of water-powered mills allowed Milford to grow at Amhersts expense, and the county seat was moved to Milford in 1866. The town population remained relatively stagnant until after World War II, franklin Pierce, who later become the 14th President of United States of America, studied under Judge Edmund Parker in Amherst. He wed Jane Means Appleton, the daughter of a president of Bowdoin College. The Nashua and Wilton Railroad passed through Amherst. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 34.7 square miles, of which 34.2 square miles is land and 0.54 square miles is water. Located on the Souhegan River, Amherst is drained by Beaver, Bloody, Amhersts highest point is on Chestnut Hill at the towns northern border, where the elevation reaches 865 feet above sea level. Amherst lies fully within the Merrimack River watershed, Amherst is bordered by Mont Vernon and New Boston to the northwest, Bedford to the northeast, Merrimack to the east, Hollis to the south, and Milford to the southwest. As of the census of 2010, there were 11,201 people,4,063 households, the population density was 327.5 people per square mile. There were 4,280 housing units at a density of 125.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 95. 8% White,0. 5% African American,0. 1% Native American,1. 7% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,0. 4% some other race, and 1. 5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 9% of the population,14. 5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6. 0% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
Amherst, New Hampshire
–
Amherst Town Common in 2006
Amherst, New Hampshire
–
Location in
Hillsborough County,
New Hampshire
Amherst, New Hampshire
–
Post Office Square in 1910
Amherst, New Hampshire
–
Greeley birthplace c. 1905
11.
U.S. House of Representatives
–
The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution, since its inception in 1789, all representatives are elected popularly. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435, the House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conferences. The House meets in the wing of the United States Capitol. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a body in which each state was equally represented. All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates, the issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. The House is referred to as the house, with the Senate being the upper house. Both houses approval is necessary for the passage of legislation, the Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4,1789. The House began work on April 1,1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, during the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including slavery. The North was much more populous than the South, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives, However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery, One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican–American War. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War, the war culminated in the Souths defeat and in the abolition of slavery. Because all southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, the years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Unions victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877, the ensuing era, the Democratic and the Republican Party held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw an increase in the power of the Speaker of the House
U.S. House of Representatives
–
United States House of Representatives
U.S. House of Representatives
–
Seal of the House
U.S. House of Representatives
–
Republican
Thomas Brackett Reed, occasionally ridiculed as "Czar Reed", was a U.S. Representative from
Maine, and
Speaker of the House from 1889 to 1891 and from 1895 to 1899.
U.S. House of Representatives
–
House Speaker
Nancy Pelosi, Majority Leader
Steny Hoyer, and Education and Labor Committee Chairman
George Miller confer with President
Barack Obama at the
Oval Office in 2009.
12.
U.S. Senator
–
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the House of Representatives, the lower chamber, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. S. From 1789 until 1913, Senators were appointed by the legislatures of the states represented, following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. The Senate chamber is located in the wing of the Capitol, in Washington. It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House, in the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers. This idea of having one chamber represent people equally, while the other gives equal representation to states regardless of population, was known as the Connecticut Compromise, there was also a desire to have two Houses that could act as an internal check on each other. One was intended to be a Peoples House directly elected by the people, the other was intended to represent the states to such extent as they retained their sovereignty except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government. The Senate was thus not designed to serve the people of the United States equally, the Constitution provides that the approval of both chambers is necessary for the passage of legislation. First convened in 1789, the Senate of the United States was formed on the example of the ancient Roman Senate, the name is derived from the senatus, Latin for council of elders. James Madison made the comment about the Senate, In England, at this day, if elections were open to all classes of people. An agrarian law would take place. If these observations be just, our government ought to secure the permanent interests of the country against innovation, landholders ought to have a share in the government, to support these invaluable interests, and to balance and check the other. They ought to be so constituted as to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority, the senate, therefore, ought to be this body, and to answer these purposes, the people ought to have permanency and stability. The Constitution stipulates that no constitutional amendment may be created to deprive a state of its equal suffrage in the Senate without that states consent, the District of Columbia and all other territories are not entitled to representation in either House of the Congress. The District of Columbia elects two senators, but they are officials of the D. C. city government. The United States has had 50 states since 1959, thus the Senate has had 100 senators since 1959. In 1787, Virginia had roughly ten times the population of Rhode Island, whereas today California has roughly 70 times the population of Wyoming and this means some citizens are effectively two orders of magnitude better represented in the Senate than those in other states. Seats in the House of Representatives are approximately proportionate to the population of each state, before the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, Senators were elected by the individual state legislatures
U.S. Senator
–
United States Senate
U.S. Senator
–
Seal of the U.S. Senate
U.S. Senator
–
The Senate side of the
United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.
U.S. Senator
–
A typical Senate desk
13.
New Hampshire
–
New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. Concord is the capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont. It has no sales tax, nor is personal income taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U. S. presidential election cycle and its license plates carry the state motto, Live Free or Die. The states nickname, The Granite State, refers to its extensive granite formations, the state was named after the southern English county of Hampshire by Captain John Mason. New Hampshire is part of the New England region and it is bounded by Quebec, Canada, to the north and northwest, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Massachusetts to the south, and Vermont to the west. New Hampshires major regions are the Great North Woods, the White Mountains, the Lakes Region, the Seacoast, the Merrimack Valley, the Monadnock Region, and the Dartmouth-Lake Sunapee area. New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any U. S. coastal state, New Hampshire was home to the rock formation called the Old Man of the Mountain, a face-like profile in Franconia Notch, until the formation disintegrated in May 2003. Major rivers include the 110-mile Merrimack River, which bisects the lower half of the state north–south and ends up in Newburyport and its tributaries include the Contoocook River, Pemigewasset River, and Winnipesaukee River. The 410-mile Connecticut River, which starts at New Hampshires Connecticut Lakes and flows south to Connecticut, only one town – Pittsburg – shares a land border with the state of Vermont. The northwesternmost headwaters of the Connecticut also define the Canada–U. S, the Piscataqua River and its several tributaries form the states only significant ocean port where they flow into the Atlantic at Portsmouth. The Salmon Falls River and the Piscataqua define the southern portion of the border with Maine, the U. S. Supreme Court dismissed the case in 2002, leaving ownership of the island with Maine. New Hampshire still claims sovereignty of the base, however, the largest of New Hampshires lakes is Lake Winnipesaukee, which covers 71 square miles in the east-central part of New Hampshire. Umbagog Lake along the Maine border, approximately 12.3 square miles, is a distant second, Squam Lake is the second largest lake entirely in New Hampshire. New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any state in the United States, Hampton Beach is a popular local summer destination. It is the state with the highest percentage of area in the country. New Hampshire is in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome, much of the state, in particular the White Mountains, is covered by the conifers and northern hardwoods of the New England-Acadian forests
New Hampshire
–
Shaded relief map of New Hampshire
New Hampshire
–
Flag
New Hampshire
–
Mount Adams (5,774 ft or 1,760 m) is part of New Hampshire's
Presidential Range.
New Hampshire
–
Lake Winnipesaukee and the
Ossipee Mountains
14.
Mexican-American War
–
It followed in the wake of the 1845 U. S. annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory in spite of its de facto secession in the 1836 Texas Revolution. After its independence in 1821 and brief experiment with monarchy, Mexico became a republic in 1824 and it was characterized by considerable instability, leaving it ill-prepared for conflict when war broke out in 1846. In 1845, Texas agreed to an offer of annexation by the U. S. Congress, and became the 28th state on December 29 that year. In 1845, James K. Polk, the newly-elected U. S. president, when that offer was rejected, American forces commanded by Major General Zachary Taylor were moved into the disputed territory. They were then attacked by Mexican forces, who killed 12 U. S. soldiers and these same Mexican troops later laid siege to an American fort along the Rio Grande. This led to the war and the loss of much of Mexicos northern territory. The U. S. army, under the command of Major General Winfield Scott, captured the capital, Mexico City, marching from the port of Veracruz. The 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war and specified its major consequence, the U. S. agreed to pay $15 million compensation for the physical damage of the war. In addition, the United States assumed $3.25 million of debt owed by the Mexican government to U. S. citizens, Mexico acknowledged the loss of Texas and thereafter cited the Rio Grande as its national border with the United States. The territorial expansion of the United States toward the Pacific coast had been the goal of US President James K. Polk, at first, the war was highly controversial in the United States, with the Whig Party, anti-imperialists, and anti-slavery elements strongly opposed. Critics in the United States pointed to the casualties suffered by U. S. forces. The war intensified the debate over slavery in the United States, in Mexico, the war came in the middle of political turmoil, which increased into chaos during the conflict. Border left many Mexican citizens separated from their national government, for the indigenous peoples who had never accepted Mexican rule, the change in border meant conflicts with a new outside power. The northern area of Mexico was sparsely settled and not well controlled politically by the government based in Mexico City, after independence from Spain in 1821, Mexico contended with internal struggles that sometimes verged on civil war and the northern frontier was not a high priority. In the sparsely settled interior of northern Mexico, the end of Spanish rule was marked by the end of financing for presidios, there were conflicts between indigenous people in the northern region as well. The Comanche were particularly successful in expanding their territory in the Comanche–Mexico Wars, the Apache–Mexico Wars also made Mexicos north a violent place, with no effective political control. The Apache raids left thousands of people dead through out northern Mexico, when the United States Army entered northern Mexico in 1846 they found demoralized Mexican settlers. There was little resistance to US forces from the civilian population, hostile activity from indigenous people also made communications and trade between the interior of Mexico and provinces such as Alta California and New Mexico difficult
Mexican-American War
–
Clockwise from top left U.S. soldiers engaging the retreating Mexican force during the
Battle of Resaca de la Palma, American victory
at Churubusco outside Mexico City, U.S. marines
storming Chapultepec castle under a large American flag,
Winfield Scott entering
Plaza de la Constitución after the
Fall of Mexico City.
Mexican-American War
Mexican-American War
Mexican-American War
15.
Brigadier General
–
Brigadier general is a senior rank in the armed forces. It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries, usually sitting between the ranks of colonel and major general, when appointed to a field command, a brigadier general is typically in command of a brigade consisting of around 4,000 troops. In some countries a brigadier general is designated as a one-star general. The rank can be traced back to the militaries of Europe where a general, or simply a brigadier. An alternative rank of general was first used in the French revolutionary armies. Some countries, such as Brazil, Taiwan, and Japan, some of these countries then use the rank of colonel general to make four general-officer ranks. The naval equivalent is usually commodore and this gallery displays Air Force brigadier general insignia if they are different from the Army brigadier general insignia. Note that in many Commonwealth countries, the equivalent air force rank is Air Commodore, the rank of brigadier general is used in the Argentine Air Force. Unlike other armed forces of the World, the rank of general is actually the highest rank in the Air Force. This is due to the use of the rank of brigadier and its derivatives to designate all general officers in the Air Force, brigadier, brigadier-major, and brigadier-general. The rank of general is reserved for the Chief General Staff of the Air Force. The Argentine Army does not use the rank of brigadier-general, instead using brigade general which in turn is the lowest general officer before Divisional General, see also Argentine Army officer rank insignia. When posted elsewhere, the rank would be relinquished and the former rank resumed and this policy prevented an accumulation of high-ranking general officers brought about by the relatively high turnover of brigade commanders. Brigadier general was used as an honorary rank on retirement. The rank insignia was like that of the current major general, as in the United Kingdom, the rank was later replaced by brigadier. Prior to 2001, the Bangladesh Army rank was known as brigadier, in 2001 the Bangladesh Army introduced the rank of brigadier general, however the grade stayed equivalent to brigadier. It is the lowest ranking general officer, between the ranks of Colonel and Major General, Brigadier General is equivalent to commodore of the Bangladesh Navy and air commodore of the Bangladesh Air Force. It is still popularly called brigadier
Brigadier General
–
Charles de Gaulle during World War II in his uniform of Général de Brigade.
Brigadier General
–
Belgium: Général de brigade / Brigadegeneraal
16.
Concord, New Hampshire
–
Concord /ˈkɒŋ. kərd/ is the capital city of the U. S. state of New Hampshire and the county seat of Merrimack County. As of the 2010 census, its population was 42,695, Concord includes the villages of Penacook, East Concord, and West Concord. The area that would become Concord was originally settled thousands of years ago by Abenaki Native Americans called the Pennacook, the tribe fished for migrating salmon, sturgeon, and alewives with nets strung across the rapids of the Merrimack River. The stream was also the route for their birch bark canoes. The broad sweep of the Merrimack River valley floodplain provided good soil for farming beans, gourds, pumpkins, melons and maize. On January 17,1725, the Province of Massachusetts Bay and it was settled between 1725 and 1727 by Captain Ebenezer Eastman and others from Haverhill, Massachusetts. On February 9,1734, the town was incorporated as Rumford, from which Sir Benjamin Thompson, citizens displaced by the resulting border adjustment were given land elsewhere as compensation. In 1779, New Pennacook Plantation was granted to Timothy Walker, Jr. and his associates at what would be incorporated in 1800 as Rumford, Maine, the site of Pennacook Falls. Concord grew in throughout the 18th century, and some of its earliest houses survive at the northern end of Main Street. In 1808, Concord was named the seat of state government. The 1819 State House is the oldest capitol in the nation in which the legislative branches meet in their original chambers. The city would become noted for furniture-making and granite quarrying, in 1828, Lewis Downing joined J. Stephens Abbot to form Abbot-Downing Coaches. Their most famous coach was the Concord Coach, modeled after the coach of King George III. In the 19th century, Concord became a hub for the railroad industry, today, the city is a center for health care and several insurance companies. It is also home to Concord Litho, one of the largest independently owned commercial printing companies in the country, Concord is located at 43°12′24″N 71°32′17″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 67.5 square miles. 64.2 square miles of it is land and 3.2 square miles of it is water, Concord is drained by the Merrimack River. Penacook Lake is in the west, the highest point in Concord is 860 feet above sea level on Oak Hill, just west of the hills 970-foot summit in neighboring Loudon
Concord, New Hampshire
–
The
New Hampshire State House as seen from Eagle Square
Concord, New Hampshire
–
State House c. 1906
Concord, New Hampshire
–
Main Street c. 1908
Concord, New Hampshire
–
City Hall in 1913
17.
James K. Polk
–
James Knox Polk was the 11th President of the United States. Polk was born in Pineville, North Carolina, and moved to Tennessee to study law, after building a successful law practice, he was elected to the Tennessee legislature and then to the United States House of Representatives in 1825. He left Congress to serve as Governor of Tennessee from 1839 to 1841, after losing re-election as governor in 1840, and losing in another gubernatorial election in 1842, Polk was a dark horse candidate for president in 1844. Though he entered the convention hoping to be nominated for vice president, in the general election, he defeated Henry Clay of the rival Whig Party in large part due to his promise to annex the Republic of Texas. True to his pledge to serve only one term as President, Polk left office in March 1849. He died of cholera three months later, scholars have ranked him favorably on lists of greatest presidents for his ability to promote, obtain support for, and achieve all of the major items on his presidential agenda. However, he has also criticized for leading the country into war against Mexico. Polk has been called the least known consequential president, James Knox Polk, the first of ten children, was born on November 2,1795 in a log house in what is now Pineville, North Carolina in Mecklenburg County, just outside Charlotte. His father, Samuel Polk, was a slaveholder, successful farmer and his mother, Jane Polk, was a descendant of a brother of the Scottish religious reformer John Knox. She named her firstborn after her father James Knox, like many early Scots-Irish settlers in the North Carolina mountains, the Knox and Polk families were Presbyterian. While Polks mother Jane remained a devout Presbyterian her entire life, when the parents took the young James to a Presbyterian church to be baptized, the father Samuel refused to declare his belief in Christianity, and the minister refused to baptize the child. In 1803, most of Polks relatives moved to the Duck River area in what is now Maury County, Middle Tennessee, the family grew prosperous, with Samuel Polk turning to land speculation and becoming a county judge. His health was problematic and in 1812 his pain became so unbearable that he was taken to Dr. Ephraim McDowell of Danville, Kentucky, Polk was awake during the operation with nothing but brandy available for anesthetic, but it was successful. The surgery may have left Polk sterile, as he did not sire any children, when Polk recovered, his father offered to bring him into the mercantile business, but Polk refused. In July 1813, Polk enrolled at the Zion Church near his home, a year later he attended an academy in Murfreesboro, where he may have met his future wife, Sarah Childress. At Murfreesboro, Polk proved a promising student, in January 1816, Polk was admitted into the University of North Carolina as a second-semester sophomore. The Polk family had connections with the university, then a school of about 80 students, Sam Polk was their land agent for Tennessee. While there, Polk joined the Dialectic Society where he took part in debates
James K. Polk
–
James K. Polk
James K. Polk
–
Reconstructed log cabin similar to one young James K. Polk lived in at the Pres. James K. Polk State Historic Site near Pineville
James K. Polk
–
The house where Polk spent his adult life before his presidency, in
Columbia, Tennessee, is his only private residence still standing. It is now known as the
James K. Polk Ancestral Home.
James K. Polk
–
James K. Polk and Sarah Childress Polk.
18.
United States Attorney General
–
The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice per 28 U. S. C. §503, concerned with affairs, and is the chief law enforcement officer. The 84th and current Attorney General is Jeff Sessions, who assumed the office on February 9,2017, the attorney general serves as a member of the Cabinet of the President of the United States and is the only cabinet officer who does not have the title Secretary of. The Attorney General is appointed by the President and takes office after confirmation by the United States Senate, the office of Attorney General was established by Congress by the Judiciary Act of 1789. In 1870, the Department of Justice was established to support the general in the discharge of their responsibilities. Parties No party Federalist Democratic-Republican Democratic Whig Republican Status As of April 2017, there are eleven, living former US Attorneys General, the most recent Attorney General to die was Janet Reno on November 7,2016. Barr served as acting general in their capacity as deputy attorney general. 2 Richard L. Thornburgh and Eric Holder served as acting general in their capacity as deputy attorney general. Both subsequently served as general, Thornburgh 1988–1991 and Holder 2009–2015. 4 Assistant Attorney General for the DOJ Civil Division Stuart M. Gerson was acting general from January 20,1993. Gerson was fourth in the line of succession at the Justice Department, during his time as Acting AG, Gerson supported the Brady bill and was in office in the beginnings of the Waco siege. Janet Reno, President Clintons nominee for attorney general, was confirmed on March 12, Acting Attorney General Gersons last day at the Justice Department was March 19. 5 On August 27,2007, President Bush named Solicitor General Paul Clement as the acting attorney general, to take office upon the resignation of Alberto Gonzales. According to administration officials, Clement took that office at 12,01 am September 17,2007, keisler served as acting attorney general until the nomination of Michael Mukasey on November 9,2007. 6 Deputy Attorney General Mark Filip was asked to assume the position of acting attorney general by then President-elect Obama, Filip led the Department while President Obamas nominee, then Attorney-General Designate Eric Holder, awaited confirmation by the United States Senate. Holder was confirmed on February 2,2009, and sworn in the next day, thus ending Filips tenure as the acting attorney general
United States Attorney General
–
Incumbent
Loretta Lynch since April 27, 2015
United States Attorney General
–
Seal of the Department of Justice
United States Attorney General
United States Attorney General
19.
U.S. Democratic Party
–
The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
U.S. Democratic Party
–
Andrew Jackson was the first Democratic
President of the United States
U.S. Democratic Party
–
Democratic Party
U.S. Democratic Party
–
The three leaders of the Democratic party during the first half of the 20th century: President
Woodrow Wilson (nominated in 1912 and '16) Sec. of State
William J. Bryan (nominated in 1896, 1900 and 1908),
Josephus Daniels,
Breckinridge Long,
William Phillips, and
Franklin D. Roosevelt (nominated for VP in 1920 and for president in 1932, 36,'40 and 44)
U.S. Democratic Party
–
John F. Kennedy,
35th President of the United States (1961–1963)
20.
Newport, New Hampshire
–
Newport is a town in and the county seat of Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. It is 43 miles west-northwest of Concord, the population was 6,507 at the 2010 census. A covered bridge is in the northwest, the area is noted for maple sugar and apple orchards. The town also includes the villages of Kelleyville and Guild, granted in 1753 by Colonial Governor Benning Wentworth, the town was named Grenville after George Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and brother-in-law of William Pitt. But ongoing hostilities during the French and Indian War, as close as the Fort at Number 4 at Charlestown, nevertheless, in 1761 the town would be incorporated as Newport, for Henry Newport, a distinguished English soldier and statesman. It was first settled in 1763 by pioneers from North Killingworth, Absalom Kelsey was one of the earliest settlers. The first blow in clearing the forests was struck by Absalom Kelsey on the D. F, pike farm at the foot of Claremont Hill, Newport, New Hampshire. At that time, the Connecticut River was the route for travel. The following year, the first gristmill was established, but dissatisfied with treatment by the state government far beyond the mountains, Newport in 1781 joined 33 other towns along the Connecticut River and seceded from New Hampshire to join Vermont. George Washington, however, would dissolve their union with Vermont in 1782, with excellent soil for farming, and abundant water power from the Sugar River and its South Branch to run mills, Newport grew prosperous. The first cotton mill was established by Colonel James D. Wolcott in 1813, local cabinet making flourished, producing much fine furniture. The plan was abandoned before it got started, in 1871, the Sugar River Railroad connected to Newport from Bradford. This plan worked, and over 120 water wheels would turn along the streams course, by 1859, when the population was 2,020, Newport had three woolen mills and two tanneries. It also had the Sibley Scythe Company, established in 1842, the following year, in June 1766, these men having an addition of two to their number, making eight in all, five having families, came and made the first permanent settlement. No record or tradition is showing the precise day of their arrival. The following were among the earliest settlers, the first five having families.7 square miles, of which 43.6 sq mi is land and 0.1 sq mi is water, comprising 0. 18% of the town. The central village of Newport, a place, has an area of 10.9 sq mi. Other settlements within the town include North Newport, Kelleyville, Guild, Newport is drained by the Sugar River and its South Branch, with the town center at their confluence
Newport, New Hampshire
–
Main Street in 1906
Newport, New Hampshire
–
Pollards Mill in 1906
Newport, New Hampshire
–
North Main Street c. 1908
Newport, New Hampshire
–
Sunapee Street in 1908
21.
Varina Davis
–
Varina Anne Banks Howell Davis was the second wife of the politician Jefferson Davis, who became president of the Confederate States of America in 1861. She served as the First Lady of the new nation at the capital in Richmond, Virginia, born and raised in the South and educated in Philadelphia, she had family in both regions and unconventional views for a woman in her public role. She supported the Confederacys position on slavery and states rights, Davis became a writer after the American Civil War, completing her husbands memoir. She was recruited by Kate Davis Pulitzer to write articles and eventually a regular column for her husband Joseph Pulitzers newspaper, in 1891 after her husbands death, Davis moved to New York City to live full-time there with her daughter Winnie. She very much enjoyed living in New York and in the nineteenth century. Varina Banks Howell was born in 1826 at Natchez, Mississippi and her father was from a distinguished family in New Jersey, his father Richard Howell served several terms as Governor of New Jersey and died when William was a boy. William inherited little money and used family connections to become a clerk in the Bank of the United States, William Howell relocated to Mississippi, when new cotton plantations were being rapidly developed. There he met and married Margaret Louisa Kempe, born in Prince William County and her wealthy planter family had moved to Mississippi before 1816. She was the daughter of Colonel Joseph Kempe, a Scots-Irish immigrant from northern Ireland who became a planter and major landowner, Margaret Graham was considered illegitimate as her parents, George Graham, a Scots immigrant, and Susanna McAllister of Virginia, never officially married. After moving his family from Virginia to Mississippi, Joseph Kempe also bought land in Louisiana, when his daughter married Howell, he gave her a dowry of 60 slaves and 2,000 acres of land. William Howell worked as a planter, merchant, politician, postmaster, cotton broker, banker, and military commissary manager and he lost the majority of Margarets sizable dowry and inheritance through bad investments and their expensive lifestyle. They suffered intermittent serious financial problems throughout their lives, Varina was born in Natchez as the second Howell child of eleven, seven of whom survived to adulthood. She was later described as tall and thin, with an olive complexion attributed to Welsh ancestors, when Varina was thirteen, her father declared bankruptcy. The Howell family home, furnishings and slaves were seized by creditors to be sold at public auction and her mothers Kempe relatives intervened to redeem the familys property. It was one of several changes in fortune that Varina would encounter in her life. Varina Howell was sent to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for her education, where she studied at Madame Deborah Grelauds French School, Grelaud, a Protestant Huguenot, was a refugee from the French Revolution and had founded her school in the 1790s. One of Varinas classmates was Sarah Anne Ellis, the daughter of extremely wealthy Mississippi planters, after a year, she returned to Natchez, where she was privately tutored by Judge George Winchester, a Harvard graduate and family friend. She was intelligent and better educated than many of her peers, in her later years, Varina Howell Davis referred fondly to Madame Grelaud and Judge Winchester, she sacrificed to provide the highest quality of education for her two daughters in their turn
Varina Davis
–
Portrait of Varina Howell Davis (1849) by
John Wood Dodge (1807-1893) (
National Portrait Gallery,
Washington, D.C.).
Varina Davis
–
Wedding photograph of Jefferson Davis and Varina Howell, 1845
22.
Jefferson Davis
–
Jefferson Finis Davis was an American politician who was a Democratic U. S. Representative and Senator from Mississippi, the 23rd U. S. Secretary of War, and he took personal charge of the Confederate war plans but was unable to find a strategy to defeat the more populous and industrialized Union. Davis was born in Kentucky to a prosperous farmer, and grew up on his older brother Josephs large cotton plantations in Mississippi. Joseph Davis also secured his appointment to the U. S, after graduating, Jefferson Davis served six years as a lieutenant in the U. S. Army. He fought in the Mexican–American War, as the colonel of a volunteer regiment and he served as the U. S. Secretary of War from 1853 to 1857 under President Franklin Pierce, and as a Democratic U. S. senator from Mississippi. Before the war, he operated a cotton plantation in Mississippi. After the war had ended, he remained a proud apologist for the cause of slavery for which he, although Davis argued against secession in 1858, he believed that each state was sovereign and had an unquestionable right to secede from the Union. Daviss first wife, Sarah Knox Taylor, died of malaria three months of marriage, and he also struggled with recurring bouts of the disease. He was unhealthy for much of his life, at the age of 36, Davis married again, to 18-year-old Varina Howell, a native of Natchez who had been educated in Philadelphia and had some family ties in the North. Only two survived him, and only one married and had children, many historians attribute the Confederacys weaknesses to the poor leadership of President Davis. Historians agree he was a less effective war leader than his Union counterpart Abraham Lincoln. After Davis was captured in 1865, he was accused of treason and he was never tried and was released after two years. While not disgraced, Davis had been displaced in ex-Confederate affection after the war by his leading general, Davis wrote a memoir entitled The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, which he completed in 1881. By the late 1880s, he began to encourage reconciliation, telling Southerners to be loyal to the Union, ex-Confederates came to appreciate his role in the war, seeing him as a Southern patriot, and he became a hero of the Lost Cause in the post-Reconstruction South. Daviss paternal grandparents each immigrated separately to North America from the region of Snowdonia in North Wales in the early 18th century, the rest of his ancestry was English. After arriving in Philadelphia, Daviss paternal grandfather Evan settled in the colony of Georgia and he married the widow Lydia Emory Williams, who had two sons from a previous marriage. Their son Samuel Emory Davis was born in 1756 and he served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, along with his two older half-brothers. In 1783, after the war, he married Jane Cook and she was born in 1759 to William Cook and his wife Sarah Simpson in what is now Christian County, Kentucky
Jefferson Davis
–
Jefferson Davis
Jefferson Davis
–
Wedding photograph of Jefferson Davis and Varina Howell, 1845
Jefferson Davis
–
Jefferson Davis around age 39, c. 1847
Jefferson Davis
–
Jefferson Davis is sworn in as President of the Confederate States of America on February 18, 1861, on the steps of the
Alabama State Capitol.
23.
Old North Cemetery (Concord, New Hampshire)
–
Old North Cemetery was the first burial ground established in Concord, New Hampshire. Franklin Pierce, fourteenth president of the United States, is buried in the cemetery, as are his wife Jane and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 9,2008. It is the 20th property listed as a property of the week in a program of the National Park Service that began in July,2008. National Register of Historic Places listings in Merrimack County, New Hampshire
Old North Cemetery (Concord, New Hampshire)
–
Old North Cemetery
24.
C-SPAN
–
C-SPAN, an acronym for Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network, is an American cable and satellite television network that was created in 1979 by the cable television industry as a public service. C-SPAN televises many proceedings of the United States federal government, as well as public affairs programming. Its coverage of political and policy events is unedited, thereby providing viewers with unfiltered information about politics, non-political coverage includes historical programming, programs dedicated to non-fiction books, and interview programs with noteworthy individuals associated with public policy. The network operates independently, and neither the cable industry nor Congress has control of the content of its programming, Congress and other public affairs event and policy discussions. Lamb shared his idea with several executives, who helped him launch the network. Among them were Bob Rosencrans who provided $25,000 of initial funding in 1979 and John D. Evans who provided the wiring and access to the headend needed for the distribution of the C-SPAN signal. C-SPAN was launched on March 19,1979, in time for the first televised session made available by the House of Representatives, upon its debut, only 3.5 million homes were wired for C-SPAN, and the network had just three employees. The second C-SPAN channel, C-SPAN2, followed on June 2,1986 when the U. S. Senate permitted itself to be televised, C-SPAN Radio began operations on October 9,1997, covering similar events as the television networks and often simulcasting their programming. The station broadcasts on WCSP in Washington, D. C. is also available on XM Satellite Radio channel 120 and is streamed live at c-span. org and it was formerly available on Sirius Satellite Radio from 2002 to 2006. Lamb semi-retired in March 2012, coinciding with the channels 33rd anniversary, on January 12,2017, the online feed for C-SPAN1 was interrupted and replaced by a feed from the Russian television network RT for approximately 10 minutes. C-SPAN announced that they were troubleshooting the incident and were operating under the assumption that it was an internal routing issue, C-SPAN celebrated its 10th anniversary in 1989 with a three-hour retrospective, featuring Lamb recalling the development of the network. Five years later, the series American Presidents, Life Portraits, in 2004, C-SPAN celebrated its 25th anniversary, by which time the flagship network was viewed in 86 million homes, C-SPAN2 was in 70 million homes and C-SPAN3 was in eight million homes. Also included in the 25th anniversary was an essay contest for viewers to write in about how C-SPAN has influenced their life regarding community service. For example, one essay contest winner wrote about how C-SPANs non-fiction book programming serves as a resource in his mission to record non-fiction audio books for people who are blind. The network also had an essay contest, the winner of which was invited to host an hour of the broadcast from C-SPANs Capitol Hill studios. C-SPAN continues to expand its coverage of government proceedings, with a history of requests to government officials for greater access, in December 2009, Lamb wrote to leaders in the House and Senate, requesting that negotiations for health care reform be televised by C-SPAN. Committee meetings on health care were broadcast subsequently by C-SPAN and may be viewed on the C-SPAN website, in November 2010, Lamb wrote to incoming House Speaker John Boehner requesting changes to restrictions on cameras in the House. In particular, C-SPAN asked to add some of its own robotically operated cameras to the existing government-controlled cameras in the House chamber, in February 2011, Boehner denied the request
C-SPAN
–
Sen.
Robert Byrd (right), C-SPAN's founder
Brian Lamb (left) and Paul FitzPatrick flip the switch for C-SPAN2 on June 2, 1986. FitzPatrick was C-SPAN president at the time.
C-SPAN
–
C-SPAN broadcasts the beginning of the
112th Congress on January 5, 2011.
C-SPAN
–
Home page of the C-SPAN Video Library
C-SPAN
–
Founder Brian Lamb in 2012 flanked by co-CEOs Rob Kennedy and Susan Swain.
25.
List of First Ladies of the United States
–
The First Lady of the United States is the hostess of the White House. The First Lady is not a position, it carries no official duties and receives no salary. Nonetheless, she attends many official ceremonies and functions of state either along with or in place of the president, traditionally, the First Lady does not hold outside employment while occupying the office. She has her own staff, including the White House Social Secretary, the Chief of Staff, the Press Secretary, the Chief Floral Designer, and the Executive Chef. The Office of the First Lady is also in charge of all social and ceremonial events of the White House, according to the White House and the National First Ladies Library, there have been 47 First Ladyships. Following Donald Trumps inauguration on January 20,2017, his wife, Melania Trump, became the 47th official First Lady, succeeding Michelle Obama, the first First Lady was Martha Washington, married to George Washington. Presidents John Tyler and Woodrow Wilson had two official First Ladies, both remarried during their presidential tenures, one woman who was not married to a President is still considered an official First Lady, Harriet Lane, niece of bachelor James Buchanan. The other non-spousal relatives who served as White House hostesses are not recognized by the First Ladies Library, in 2007, the United States Mint began releasing a set of half-ounce $10 gold coins under the First Spouse Program with engravings of portraits of the First Ladies on the obverse
List of First Ladies of the United States
–
Incumbent
Michelle Obama since January 20, 2009
List of First Ladies of the United States
–
01.0 1
List of First Ladies of the United States
–
02.0 2
List of First Ladies of the United States
–
03.0 3
26.
Martha Washington
–
Martha Washington was the wife of George Washington, the first president of the United States. Although the title was not coined until after her death, Martha Washington is considered to be the first First Lady of the United States, during her lifetime she was often referred to as Lady Washington. Widowed at 25, she had four children with her first husband Daniel Parke Custis, two of her children by Custis survived to young adulthood. She brought great wealth to her marriage to Washington, which enabled him to buy land and she also brought nearly 100 dower slaves for her use during her lifetime, they and their descendants reverted to her first husbands estate at her death and were inherited by his heirs. She and Washington did not have children together but they did rear her two children by Daniel Parke Custis, including son John Jacky Parke Custis, as well as helped both of their extended families. Martha Dandridge was born on June 2,1731 on her parents plantation Chestnut Grove in the British colony, Province of Virginia. She was the oldest daughter of John Dandridge, a Virginia planter and immigrant from England, by his wife Frances Jones, who was of American birth and English, Welsh, and French descent. Martha had three brothers and four sisters, John, William, Bartholomew, Anna Marie Fanny Bassett, Frances Dandridge, Elizabeth Aylet Henley, Marthas father may also have fathered an out-of-wedlock half-brother to Martha named Ralph Dandridge, who was probably white. They had four children together, Daniel, Frances, John, Daniel and Frances died in childhood. The other two children, John Parke Custis and Martha Parke Custis, survived to young adulthood, in all, she was left in custody of some 17,500 acres of land and 300 slaves, apart from other investments and cash. According to her biographist, she ran the five plantations left to her when her first husband died. Martha Dandridge Custis, age 27, and George Washington, age nearly 27, married on January 6,1759, as a man who lived and owned property in the area, Washington likely knew both Martha and Daniel Parke Custis for some time before Daniels death. During March 1758 he visited her twice at White House, the time he came away with either an engagement of marriage or at least her promise to think about his proposal. At the time, she was also being courted by the planter Charles Carter, Washingtons suit was of blue and silver cloth with red trimming and gold knee buckles. The bride wore purple silk shoes with spangled buckles, which are displayed at Mount Vernon. The couple honeymooned at White House for several weeks before setting up house at Washingtons Mount Vernon estate and they appeared to have had a solid marriage. Martha and George Washington had no children together, but they raised Marthas two surviving children and her daughter, nicknamed Patsy, died as a teenager during an epileptic seizure, classed as SUDEP. John Parke Jacky Custis returned from college to comfort his mother, Custis later married and had children, he served as an aide to Washington during the siege of Yorktown in 1781 during the American Revolutionary War
Martha Washington
–
Martha Washington as a young woman
Martha Washington
–
Tinted engraving by
John Chester Buttre (1821–1893), after the portrait by
Gilbert Stuart
Martha Washington
–
Martha Dandridge Custis in 1757:
mezzotint by John Folwell (1863) after a portrait by John Wollaston
Martha Washington
27.
Abigail Adams
–
Abigail Adams was the closest advisor and wife of John Adams, as well as the mother of John Quincy Adams. John frequently sought the advice of Abigail on many matters, and their letters are filled with discussions on government. Her letters also serve as eyewitness accounts of the American Revolutionary War home front, Abigail Adams was born at the North Parish Congregational Church in Weymouth, Massachusetts, to William Smith and Elizabeth Smith. On her mothers side she was descended from the Quincy family, through her mother she was a cousin of Dorothy Quincy, wife of John Hancock. Adams was also the great-granddaughter of John Norton, founding pastor of Old Ship Church in Hingham, Massachusetts, the only remaining 17th-century Puritan meetinghouse in Massachusetts. Smith married Elizabeth Quincy in 1742, and together they had four children and their only son, born in 1746, died of alcoholism in 1787. As with several of her ancestors, Adamss father was a liberal Congregationalist minister, Smith did not focus his preaching on predestination or original sin, instead he emphasized the importance of reason and morality. In July 1775 his wife Elizabeth, with whom he had married for 33 years. In 1784, at age 77, Smith died, Abigail did not receive formal schooling, she was frequently sick as child, which may have been a factor which prevented her from receiving an education. Later in life, Adams would also consider that she was deprived an education because females were given such an opportunity. Her grandmother, Elizabeth Quincy, also contributed to Adams education, as she grew up, Adams read with friends in an effort to further her learning. As an intellectually open-minded woman for her day, Adams ideas on womens rights and government would play a major role, albeit indirectly. She became one of the most erudite women ever to serve as First Lady, as third cousins, Abigail and John had known each other since they were children. In 1762, John accompanied his friend Richard Cranch to the Smith household, Cranch was engaged to Adams older sister, Mary, and they would be the parents of federal judge William Cranch. John was quickly attracted to the petite, shy, 17-year-old brunette who was bent over some book. He was surprised to learn she knew so much poetry, philosophy. Smith, Abigails father, presided over the marriage of John Adams, after the reception, the couple mounted a single horse and rode off to their new home, the small cottage and farm John had inherited from his father in Braintree, Massachusetts. Later they moved to Boston, where his law practice expanded, the couple welcomed their first child nine months into their marriage
Abigail Adams
–
Abigail Adams
Abigail Adams
–
Abigail Adams in later life
Abigail Adams
–
One of last letters sent by
Thomas Jefferson at
Monticello to Abigail Adams, May 1817
Abigail Adams
–
Abigail Adams by
Gilbert Stuart
28.
Martha Jefferson Randolph
–
Martha Jefferson Randolph was the daughter of Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, and his wife Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson. Born at Monticello, near Charlottesville, Virginia and she married Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr. who served as a politician at the federal and state levels and was elected a governor of Virginia. Martha was very close to her father in his old age, Martha Jefferson was born on September 27,1772 at Monticello, her fathers estate in Virginia, which was then British America, to Thomas Jefferson and Martha Wayles Skelton. During her parents ten years of marriage, they had six children, Martha Patsy, Jane, a son who lived for only a few weeks in 1777, Mary Wayles Polly, Lucy Elizabeth, only Martha and Mary survived more than a few years. Martha was tall and slim with angular features and red hair and her paternal grandparents were Peter Jefferson, a planter and surveyor who died when her father was Thirty Three, and Jane Randolph. Jefferson vaguely knew that his grandfather had a place on the Fluvanna River which he called Snowden after a mountain in Wales near which the Jeffersons were supposed to have once lived and her mother was the only child and daughter of John Wayles and his first wife, Martha Eppes. Her maternal grandfather died in 1773, and her parents inherited 135 slaves,11,000 acres, the debts took her father years to satisfy, contributing to his financial problems. Her mother died on September 6,1782, four months after the birth of the Jeffersons last child and she later wrote that about this period, stating in those melancholy rambles I was his constant companion, a solitary witness to many a violent burst of grief. Her mother asked her father to never again, and he never did. Her request has been attributed to protective feelings for her children, from age 12 to 17, after her mothers death, she lived in Paris with her father while he served as U. S. Jefferson enrolled her at the Pentemont Abbey, a convent school. After Patsy expressed a desire to convert to Catholicism and said she was considering religious orders, in 1790 at the age of 18, Martha married Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr. a planter. Soon after their marriage, her father, Thomas Jefferson, deeded eight slaves from Monticello as a gift, including Molly Hemings. Thomas Jefferson Randolph, who married Jane Hollins Nicholas, ellen Wayles Randolph, who was named after deceased sister, and was married to Joseph Coolidge Cornelia Jefferson Randolph. Virginia Jefferson Randolph, who married Nicholas Philip Trist, James Madison Randolph, who was the first child born in the White House. Benjamin Franklin Randolph, who married Sally Champe Carter, meriwether Lewis Randolph, who married Elizabeth Martin. After his death, Martin remarried to Andrew Jackson Donelson, a nephew of President Andrew Jackson, septimia Anne Randolph, who married Dr. David Scott Meikleham. George Wythe Randolph, who briefly in 1862 was Secretary of War of the Confederate States of America, Martha Randolph educated her children at home, likely with the help of private tutors, as most planters did
Martha Jefferson Randolph
–
Portrait by
Thomas Sully
29.
Dolley Madison
–
Dolley Payne Todd Madison was the wife of James Madison, President of the United States from 1809 to 1817. She was noted for her social graces, which boosted her husband’s popularity as President. In this way, she did much to define the role of the President’s spouse, Dolley Madison also helped to furnish the newly constructed White House. When the British set fire to it in 1814, she was credited with saving the classic portrait of George Washington, in widowhood, she often lived in poverty, partially relieved by the sale of her late husband’s papers. Mary Coles, a Quaker, had married John Payne, a non-Quaker, three years later, he applied and was admitted to the Quaker Monthly Meeting in Hanover County, Virginia, where Coles parents lived, and they reared their children in the Quaker faith. By 1769, the Paynes had returned to Virginia, and young Dolley grew up in comfort at her parents plantation in rural eastern Virginia and became deeply attached to her mothers family. Eventually she had three sisters, Lucy, Anna, and Mary, and four brothers, Walter, William Temple, Isaac, in 1783, following the American Revolutionary War, John Payne emancipated his slaves, as did numerous slaveholders in the Upper South. Some, like Payne, were Quakers, who had long encouraged manumission, others were inspired by revolutionary ideals. From 1782 to 1810, the proportion of blacks to the total black population in Virginia increased from less than one percent to 7.2 percent. Payne moved his family to Philadelphia, where he went into business as a starch merchant, in January 1790, Dolley Payne had married John Todd, a Quaker lawyer in Philadelphia. They quickly had two sons, John Payne and William Temple, after Mary Payne left Philadelphia in 1793, Dolleys sister Anna Payne moved in with them to help with the children. By mid-September 20,000 people had fled the city, at age 25 Dolley Todd was a widow with her young son Payne to support. Dolley Payne Todd and James Madison, who represented Virginia in the U. S. House of Representatives, in May 1794, Burr made the formal introduction between the young widow and Madison, who at 43 was a longstanding bachelor 17 years her senior. A brisk courtship followed, and by August, Dolley accepted his marriage proposal, as he was not a Quaker, she was expelled from the Society of Friends for marrying outside her faith. They were married on September 15,1794, and lived in Philadelphia for the three years. In 1797, after eight years in the House of Representatives, James Madison retired from politics and he returned with his family to Montpelier, the Madison family plantation in Orange County, Virginia. There they expanded the house and settled in, when Thomas Jefferson was elected as the third president of the United States in 1800, he asked Madison to serve as his Secretary of State. Madison accepted and moved Dolley, her son Payne, her sister Anna and they took a large house, as Dolley believed that entertaining would be important in the capital
Dolley Madison
–
Dolley Madison
Dolley Madison
–
Engraving of Dolley, c. 1800.
Dolley Madison
–
A
daguerreotype of Dolley in 1848, by Mathew B. Brady
Dolley Madison
–
External video
30.
Elizabeth Monroe
–
Elizabeth Kortright Monroe was First Lady of the United States from 1817 to 1825, as the wife of James Monroe, fifth President. Due to the condition of Elizabeths health, many of the duties of official hostess were assumed by her eldest daughter. Born in New York City on June 30,1768, Elizabeth was the youngest daughter of Lawrence Kortright, a wealthy merchant and her father was one of the founders of the New York Chamber of Commerce. During the Revolutionary War, he was owner of several privateers fitted out at New York. He purchased land tracts in what is now Delaware county, New York, Elizabeth acquired social graces and elegance at an early age. She grew up in a household with four siblings, Sarah, Hester, John. According to the records of Trinity Church, New York, Elizabeths mother, Hannah, died on September 6 or 7,1777. The cause of death was recorded as resulting from Child Bed, an unidentified sibling of Elizabeth, age 13 months, succumbed to flux and fever a few days later. Mother and infant were both buried at St. Georges Chapel in New York, at the time of their deaths, Elizabeth was nine years old. A historian later wrote that this blaze was due to the mismanagement of British troops while directing the firefighters, Elizabeth, age 10, with her father and siblings, survived the fire unscathed. Elizabeth first caught the attention of James Monroe in 1785 while he was in New York City serving as a member of the Continental Congress, James, age twenty-seven, married Elizabeth, age seventeen, on February 16,1786, at her fathers home in New York City. The marriage was performed by Reverend Benjamin Moore, and recorded in the records of Trinity Church. After a brief honeymoon on Long Island, the returned to New York to live with her father until Congress adjourned. Their first child, whom they named Eliza Kortright Monroe, was born in December,1786, in 1794, James was appointed United States Minister to France by President George Washington. The Monroes also provided support and shelter to the American citizen Thomas Paine in Paris and this association led to a friendship between the family of Napoleon Bonaparte and the Monroes. James was recalled from his Ambassadorship in 1796, due to his support of France in the opposition of the Jay Treaty, the Monroes returned to Virginia where he became Governor. A son, James Monroe, Jr. was born in 1799, during this time, Elizabeth suffered the first of a series of seizures and collapses, which would plague her for the rest of her life, and gradually cause her to restrict social activities. The Monroes third child, a daughter whom they named Maria Hester, was born in Virginia in early 1802, in 1803, President Jefferson appointed James to be United States Minister to Great Britain, and also the United States Minister to Spain
Elizabeth Monroe
–
Elizabeth Monroe
Elizabeth Monroe
–
Obverse
Elizabeth Monroe
–
Reverse
Elizabeth Monroe
–
Obverse (bronze medal)
