Jansenism
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Jansenism was a 17th- and 18th-century Christian theological movement within the Catholic Church, rooted in the writings of Dutch bishop Cornelius Jansen, particularly in his book Augustinus published
La Conversion de saint Augustin ('The Conversion of St. Augustine', c. 1650) by French Baroque painter and Jansenist Philippe de Champaigne
Augustine, (AD 354–430) bishop of Hippo, Church Father, who is claimed as the progenitor of the Jansenist doctrine of grace
Michel de Bay (1513–1589), Augustinian Roman Catholic theologian, whose theological system known as Baianism was a forerunner to Jansenism
Abbé de Saint-Cyran – Jean du Vergier de Hauranne (1581–1643), abbot of Saint Cyran Abbey in Brenne, one of the intellectual fathers of Jansenism
Blaise Pascal
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Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic writer.
Pascal c. 1691
A scene from Pascal's youth
An early Pascaline on display at the Musée des Arts et Métiers, Paris
Pascal studying the cycloid, by Augustin Pajou, 1785, Louvre