Japanese folklore encompasses the informally learned folk traditions of Japan and the Japanese people as expressed in its oral traditions, customs, and material culture.
A raccoon dog half transformed into a cauldron hangs from a jizai kagi hook over an irori hearth (scene from the tale Bunbuku Chagama). C. 1840s, School of Hokusai.
Kuniyoshi Utagawa, The Ghosts, c. 1850
The kitsune, in popular Japanese folklore, is a fox or fox spirit which possesses the supernatural ability to shapeshift or bewitch other life forms.
Japanese folklore
…the forms usually known today. Two creatures are particularly known for their abilities to transform into humans or other beings and objects, the kitsune (fox) and tanuki (the Japanese raccoon dog; pictured). They occur frequently in folktales of humorous nature, such as the tanuki, Bunbuku Chagama, who…
The moon on Musashi Plain (fox) by Tsukioka Yoshitoshi
The Fushimi Inari shrine in Kyoto features numerous kitsune statues.
Inari Ōkami and its fox spirits help the blacksmith Sanjō Munechika [ja] forge the blade Kogitsune-maru ('Little Fox') at the end of the 10th century. The legend is the subject of the noh drama Sanjō Kokaji.
Inari Ōkami appears to a warrior accompanied by a kitsune. This portrayal shows the influence of Dakiniten concepts from Buddhism. Print by Utagawa Kuniyoshi.