The majority of funerals in Japan includes a wake, the cremation of the deceased, a burial in a family grave, a periodic memorial service. According to 2007 statistics, 99.81% of deceased Japanese are cremated. Other practices in Japan include Shinto sepultural culture in the Ryukyu islands. Although Japan has become a more secular society, 91% of funerals are conducted as Buddhist ceremonies. After a death, relatives moisten the dying or deceased person's lips with water, a practice known as water of the last moment. Most Japanese homes maintain butsudan, for use in Buddhist ceremonies; when a death occurs, the shrine is closed and covered with white paper to keep out the impure spirits of the dead, a custom called kamidana-fūji. A small table decorated with flowers, a candle is placed next to the deceased's bed; the relatives and authorities are informed, a death certificate is issued. Funeral arrangements are made by the eldest son and are begun by contacting a temple to schedule the event; some days are more auspicious than others, based on an old Chinese six-day lunar cycle.
The body is washed and the orifices are blocked with cotton or gauze. An "encoffining" ritual is sometimes performed, in which professional nōkansha ritually dress and prepare the body and place it in the coffin; the ceremony is now performed, may be limited to rural areas where older traditions are maintained. Whether or not the encoffining ceremony is performed, a deceased female is dressed in a white kimono, a deceased male is dressed in a suit or a kimono. Makeup may be applied; the body is put on dry ice in a casket. Items—such as a white kimono, a pair of sandals, six coins for crossing the River of Three Crossings, burnable items of which the deceased was fond are placed in the casket, put on an altar for the wake; the body is placed with its head toward the north or, as a second choice, toward the west. In Buddhism, the western orientation reflects the western realm of Amida Buddha. During life, both men and women cross the front of a kimono or yukata with the left side over the right. On those occasions in which the corpse is clothed in a traditional kimono, the kimono is crossed right over left.
Held as soon as possible after death, a Japanese wake is called tsuya, lit. "passing the night". All funeral guests wear black: men wear black suits with white shirts and black ties, women wear either black dresses or black kimonos. If the deceased was an adherent to Buddhism, a set of prayer beads called juzu may be carried by the guests, who will bring condolence money in special black-and-silver envelopes. Depending on the relationship to the deceased and the wealth of the guest, the amount may be equivalent to between 3,000 and 30,000 yen; the guests are seated, with immediate relatives seated closest to the front. The Buddhist priest chants a section from a sutra; the family members will each offer incense three times to the incense urn in front of the deceased. At the same time, the assembled guests will perform the same ritual at another location behind the family members' seats; the wake ends. Each departing guest is given a gift, which has a value of about half or one quarter of the condolence money received from this guest.
The closest relatives may keep vigil with the deceased overnight in the same room. The funeral proper, called kokubetsu-shiki, is on the day after the wake; the procedure is similar to the wake, incense is offered while a priest chants a sutra. The ceremony differs as the deceased receives a new Buddhist name written in Kanji; this name is said to prevent the return of the deceased. The length of the name depends on either the virtue of the person's lifespan or more the size of the donation of the relatives to the temple, which may range from a common name to the most elaborate names for 1 million yen or more; the high prices charged by the temples are a controversial issue in Japan since some temples put pressure on families to buy a more expensive name. The kanji for these kaimyō are very ancient, sometimes with esoteric meanings. At the end of the funeral ceremony, the guests and family may place flowers in the casket around the deceased's head and shoulders before the casket is sealed and carried to the elaborately decorated hearse and transported to the crematorium.
In some regions of Japan, the coffin is nailed shut by the mourners using a stone. The coffin is placed on a tray in the crematorium; the family witnesses the sliding of the body into the cremation chamber. A cremation takes about two hours, the family returns at a scheduled time when the cremation has been completed. According to the Yamaguchi Saijo Funeral Parlor and Crematorium in Sapporo, it takes about an hour and a half to cremate an adult body, 45 minutes for a child, 15 minutes for a stillborn child; the relatives pick the bones out of the ashes and transfer them to the urn using large chopsticks or metal chopsticks, two relatives sometimes holding the same bone at the same time with their chop
Sir Thomas Jermyn was an English politician and Royalist who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1604 and 1640. Jermyn was the son of Sir Robert Jermyn of Suffolk, he was admitted at Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1585. He was knighted at Rouen, France in 1591 and became Knight of the Bath in 1603. In 1604, Jermyn was elected Member of Parliament for Andover and held the seat until 1611. In 1614, he was elected MP for Suffolk, he was elected for Bury St Edmunds in the elections in 1621, 1623, 1625, 1626 and 1628. In 1629 King Charles decided to rule for eleven years without parliament. In April 1640, Jermyn was re-elected MP for Bury St Edmunds in the Short Parliament, he became Lord Lieutenant of Suffolk in 1640, served as Comptroller of the Household between 1639 and 1641. He fought as a Royalist during the English Civil War and became disabled through injury in 1644, he died a year at the age of 72. Jermyn married Catherine Killigrew a daughter of Sir William Killigrew of Hanworth, Middlesex, a courtier to Queen Elizabeth I and to King James I, whom he served as Groom of the Privy Chamber.
Her portrait by Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger survives in the collection of the Yale Center for British Art, Connecticut, USA. By his wife he had children including their eldest surviving son, Thomas Jermyn MP for Bury St Edmunds. MacCulloch, Diarmaid. "Jermyn, Sir Thomas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37601
Nightingale the Robber or Solovei the Brigand, an epic robber, appears in traditional Russian byliny. Pavel Ivanovich Melnikov discovered a version of the legend of Solovei in a 17th-century handwritten collection of stories and published it in the Russian newspaper he edited, Nizhegorodskie gubernskie vedomosti, in 1845 and 1847. In 1867 Melnikov wrote: It still lives in people's memory and was found by us 20 years ago in one of handwritten collection of stories of the 17th century. In the ancient times, where Nizhny Novgorod now stands, lived a famous and strong Mordvin, by name Skvorets, he was the friend of another Mordvin — just as famous, just as strong — Solovei, the same Solovei, connected with Il'ya Muromets. The bylina concerning Nightingale the Robber is called "The First Journey of Ilya Muromets", is one of the most popular Ruthenian epics, having been recorded 132 times; the monster Solovey had partial human and bird-like features, was able to fly, lived in a nest, had a human family, received drinks with his hands.
He was said to live in a forest, would sit in a tree and stun strangers with his powerful whistle. When Nightingale the Robber whistles, allegedly: "all the grasses and meadows become entangled, the azure flowers lose their petals, all the dark woods bend down to the earth, all the people there lie dead!". Legend states that Ilya Muromets survived the whistle though Nightingale leveled half of the surrounding forest. Ilya Muromets shot down Nightingale the Robber with arrows to the eye and temple dragged the defeated monster before Vladimir, the Prince of Kiev. Vladimir wished to hear Nightingale the Robber whistle, but the creature claimed he was too wounded to whistle. Nightingale the Robber requested wine to drink so that his wounds would disappear he would whistle for the prince; when he whistled all of Vladimir's palaces were destroyed and many lay dead. After this, Ilya Muromets cut off his head. Vladimir Toropchin's animated feature, Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber, released on July 7, 2007.
Aleksandr Ptushko's 1956 film Ilya Muromets. Zahhak Bailey and Ivanova, Tatyana. An Anthology of Russian Folk Epics. M. E. Sharpe, Inc. Armonk, New York, 1998. Recording of this bylina. Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber, as included by A. H. Wratislaw in Sixty Folk-Tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources Reinhold Gliere and his Third Symphony Ilya Murometz
The Verband Deutscher Tonmeister e. V. is a registered association for audio industry professionals. The VDT has evolved from the Deutsche Filmtonmeister-Vereinigung, founded in Munich in 1950. There are more than 1900 members in the VDT that are either freelancers or employed in various institutions. Students preparing for a job in the audio industry are members of the VDT, making up 10%. Though the designation of Tonmeister is a fixed part of the name of the association its members carry many other job titles like audio engineer, sound director, music director, sound designer, record producer and music supervisor; the occupational title Tonmeister, although created in the 1930s, is not protected in Germany and does not describe a defined occupation. Thematically the goals and activities of the VDT are related to those of the Audio Engineering Society if there is no formal connection; the biennial Tonmeistertagung combines an international scientific conference and workshop program with a trade fair, focusing on applied research and technical excellence.
It has been in existence since 1949. The International Tonmeister Symposium, dedicated to one thematic complex, is analogous to the AES-conferences; the Tonmeister Academy as initiated by the VDT offers educational classes and advanced training sessions. The VDT award Golden Bobby is awarded in seven categories for outstanding performance in sound recording and mixing. Since 2002 the VDT bestows a medal of honour on members who have rendered outstanding services to the profession of sound engineers and the audio industry. Prominent recipients are David Griesinger and Eberhard Sengpiel. Official webpage of the VDT
The Norwegian Institute of Public Health is responsible for maintaining and revising the list of notifiable diseases in Norway and participates in the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the World Health Organization's surveillance of infectious diseases. The notifiable diseases are classified into Group A, Group B and Group C diseases, depending on the procedure for reporting the disease. Group A diseases are reported with full patient identification by laboratories; the copies of notifications are sent to Municipal Medical Officer of the patient's municipality. As of 2018, 60 diseases have been classified as Group A diseases. Group B diseases are reported to the Norwegian Institute of Public Health after de-identifying the patient; the month and year of birth and municipality are reported. Copies of the notifications from clinicians are sent to the Municipal Medical Officer in the patient's municipality; this group of diseases includes HIV infection and syphilis. Group C diseases are de-identified and the number of patients is reported from medical microbiological laboratories.
This group includes Clostridium difficile infection and influenza-like disease. The number of Clostridium difficile cases are reported monthly, genital clamydia numbers are reported annually and influenza-like disease is reported weekly
Israel Tennis Centers is the largest social service agency for children in Israel, serving more than a half million children and their families since its first center opened in Ramat Hasharon in 1976. With 14 centers on the country in underprivileged communities, the not-for-profit Centers use tennis to promote the social and psychological well being of their students. Another of its goals is the development of coaches, building and maintaining courts and facilities at the highest levels; the ITC is the physical home of the Israel Children's Centers, Israel's largest social service agency for children. The Israel Children's Centers serve 10,000 children every week through a variety of programs that address development and social needs, including coexistence programs for Arab and Jewish children and customized programs for a variety of disabilities; the ITC has to date produced the following top-30 players: Andy Ram. In 1974, at a time when tennis in Israel was a sport played by tourists as beach hotels, Dr. Ian Froman, Freddie Krivine, Joseph D. Shane, Harold Landesberg, Rubin Josephs, Dr. William H. Lippy began fundraising efforts to launch tennis as a sport in Israel and to build a National Tennis Center on an old strawberry patch in Ramat HaSharon given to the ITC by the government.
On April 25, 1976, Leah Rabin cut the ribbon to the Center, 250 children signed up to participate. Canadian pioneers of the Centers included Joseph Frieberg, Gerry Goldberg, Ralph Halbert, Harold Green, their fundraising efforts laid the financial foundation for Canada Stadium, where the Davis Cup and Fed Cup were hosted in Israel until 2009, the construction and maintenance of the centers, as well as provision of equipment to the children, were funded without any government assistance. By 2008, about 350,000 Jewish and Moslem Israeli children had gone through the seven complexes funded by the ITC, 1951 Wimbledon champion Dick Savitt was overseeing the coaching techniques. Anna Smashnova moved to Israel with her family in 1990, aged 15, trained at the ITC. In 1991 the ATP donated $5,000 to the ITC, Argentine tennis player Martín Jaite, Jewish, donated $3,000. In 1995, Israeli former Davis Cup player and national champion Gilad Bloom, world champion in the under-12 age group, became senior coach role with the ITC.
Thirty years after the centers were begun, in 2006 the first ITC product won a Wimbledon title, as Andy Ram won the 2006 Wimbledon Mixed Doubles title. He had learned his tennis at the ITC's Jerusalem Tennis Center, Yoni Erlich, his men's doubles partner, had learned his tennis at the Haifa Tennis Center. "I can only find words of esteem for the Israel Tennis Center for their support and help", Ram said after his success. In 2007, Issy Kramer, Honorary President of the Israel Water Polo Association, indicated that he would like to replicate what the ITC has achieved, by building centers throughout Israel in poorer neighborhoods and development towns. "Swimming, like tennis, should not have to be an elitist sport", he said. Israel Tennis Center -TEL AVIV History The Israel Tennis Center in Tel Aviv opened on August 3, 1991 in the underprivileged neighborhood of Yad Eliyahu in order to provide low income families in south Tel Aviv with a safe place after school and access to sports activities for their children, regardless of their playing ability.
The first manager of the center was Ron Steele, followed by Ronen Bagan, Gil Elroee, Rami Zlikovitz, Danny Gelley, Shaya Azar, Erez Gabish. Since 2007, Yigal Gipesh has served as the manager of the center, he is an alumnus of the Sport University in Moscow. Yigal immigrated to Israel in 1990. Activities at the center The center has fourteen illuminated courts, a training wall, coach's room, sporting goods store; the center offers a variety of programs for all ages: a preschool program, a motor skill development program, a mini tennis program, a regular tennis program, a competitive program, both leisure and cardio tennis programs for adults. The center offers a kindergarten program designed for developmentally disabled children. Over the years, the center in Tel Aviv has produced many players that have gone on to win the Israel Tennis Champion youth division title as well as other national competitions; the best known among them is Shahar Peer. Shahar played at the center from age 6 to 14 under the tutelage of Yigal Gipesh.
Two other Israel Federation Cup team players, Anna Smashnova and Tzippi Ovzille grew up playing at the center. In 1995, the first international youth tournament was hosted at the center featuring a delegation from Moscow. A year the tournament attracted seven more Soviet Union countries as well as a number of European countries. In 1997, it received official recognition from Europe Tennis as an international tournament in memory of the late prime minister of Israel, Yitzchak Rabin, a longtime supporter of the Israel Tennis Centers. Many Israeli players began their professional tennis careers at the European International Tou