1.
Toronto
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Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. With a population of 2,731,571, it is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles. A global city, Toronto is a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years, the city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe, used by the Wyandot, Iroquois, and the Mississauga. Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s, after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787, the British established the town of York, and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York, York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834, and became the capital of the province of Ontario during the Canadian Confederation in 1867. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canadas major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Toronto is known for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere. The name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquois word tkaronto and this refers to the northern end of what is now Lake Simcoe, where the Huron had planted tree saplings to corral fish. A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, in the 1660s, the Iroquois established two villages within what is today Toronto, Ganatsekwyagon on the banks of the Rouge River and Teiaiagonon the banks of the Humber River. By 1701, the Mississauga had displaced the Iroquois, who abandoned the Toronto area at the end of the Beaver Wars, French traders founded Fort Rouillé on the current Exhibition grounds in 1750, but abandoned it in 1759. During the American Revolutionary War, the region saw an influx of British settlers as United Empire Loyalists fled for the British-controlled lands north of Lake Ontario, the new province of Upper Canada was in the process of creation and needed a capital. Dorchester intended the location to be named Toronto, in 1793, Governor John Graves Simcoe established the town of York on the Toronto Purchase lands, instead naming it after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Simcoe decided to move the Upper Canada capital from Newark to York, the York garrison was constructed at the entrance of the towns natural harbour, sheltered by a long sandbar peninsula. The towns settlement formed at the end of the harbour behind the peninsula, near the present-day intersection of Parliament Street. In 1813, as part of the War of 1812, the Battle of York ended in the towns capture, the surrender of the town was negotiated by John Strachan. US soldiers destroyed much of the garrison and set fire to the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation, the sacking of York was a primary motivation for the Burning of Washington by British troops later in the war
2.
Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
3.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
4.
Queens Quay (Toronto)
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Queens Quay is a prominent street in the Harbourfront neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The road supplanted both Front Street and Lake Shore Boulevard as the most southerly east-west corridor in the city when it was created on reclaimed land in the inner harbour, sometime after 1919 to the early 1920s the inner harbour was filled in and new slips were created. Queens Quay continues to go through a significant transformation, originally, it served as an access road for the various ports and slips in the inner harbour. However, the industrial uses along Queens Quay were slowly replaced by commercial and residential uses. Between 1975 and 1979, a cluster of large, concrete towers were erected at the foot of Bay Street, south of Queens Quay, in 1990, the 40-storey York Quay towers were built and remain the tallest buildings on Queens Quay. The scale and density of these and subsequent high-rise development along Queens Quay were criticized for blocking the lake, in 1999, the Toronto Transit Commission opened a dedicated streetcar right-of-way in the median from Bay Street to Bathurst Street. In 2001, the city set out to improve Queens Quay by reclaiming public space for pedestrians. This resulted in the Waterfront Toronto Central Waterfront Public Realm International Design Competition, in August 2006, the city closed the two eastbound lanes, replacing them with bike lanes as part of the Martin Goodman Trail and additional pedestrian space. The experiment resulted in a public realm and more visitors to the overall waterfront area. The plan will restrict Queens Quay to two lanes, on the north side of the streetcar tracks, similar to the design of the 2006 experiment. Additionally, the calls for the beautification and extension of the Harbourfront streetcar line along Queens Quay East between Yonge and Cherry Street. The transit right-of-way will be grass-covered, in 2013 two open spaces opens, Ontario Square and Canada Square. The former is a public space and the latter a green area. Both replace the parking lot, which is now underground. Queens Quay is served by two lines, operating on a dedicated right-of-way. The 509 Harbourfront and 510 Spadina both terminate at Union Station and run along Queens Quay from Bay Street, westward, at Spadina Avenue, the 510 heads north to Spadina Station, and the 509 continues west, bound for the Exhibition Loop. Originally there was to have been a station in front of the Westin Harbour Castle Hotel. This plan was cancelled when the management became unwilling to share in the cost
5.
Bloor Street
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Bloor Street is a major east–west residential and commercial thoroughfare in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Bloor Street runs from the Prince Edward Viaduct, which spans the Don River Valley, east of the viaduct, Danforth Avenue continues along the same right-of-way. The street, approximately 25 kilometres long, contains a significant cross-sample of Torontos ethnic communities and it is also home to Torontos famous shopping street, the Mink Mile. The street is named after Joseph Bloore, a brewer and land speculator of this area in the 19th century who founded the Village of Yorkville in 1830 and he is buried at Necropolis Cemetery on Bayview Avenue and Rosedale Valley Road. A portion of Line 2 of the Bloor-Danforth subway line runs along Bloor from Kipling Avenue to Yonge Street, and then continues east along Danforth Avenue. Originally surveyed as the first concession road north of the baseline, it was known by names, including the Tollgate Road, then St. Pauls Road. Although Bloore had an e at the end of his surname, Bloor Street was never spelled with it, the idea of installing bicycle lanes on Bloor had been debated since at least the early 1970s. On 4 May 2016, city council voted 38-3 to implement physically separated bike lanes along a 2. 6-km stretch of the street. Mayor John Tory stated, in support of the project, that if council sought to make Toronto a 21st century city, Bloor street begins at the eastern edge of the Prince Edward Viaduct, which passes over the ravine holding the Don River. The street continues through to the Rosedale Ravine, marking the border of the affluent community of Rosedale. West of Parliament Street, the passes just to the north of the large St. James Town housing project. On the northern side of section of Bloor are the forested slopes of the Rosedale Ravine. Between Sherbourne and Church Streets the street is lined by large office towers and this area has long been the centre of the insurance industry in Canada. West of Church the street becomes commercial and is an important shopping district. In downtown, especially around the intersection with Bay Street, Bloor is one of the most exclusive stretches of real estate in Canada. Rents on the upscale Bloor Street have doubled in 4 years, ranking as the 22nd most expensive location in the world in 2006. Nationally, Vancouvers upscale Robson Street tied with Bloor Street West as the most expensive street in Canada, under the intersection of Yonge and Bloor Streets is the Bloor-Yonge subway station, which is the busiest in the city, serving approximately 368,800 people a day. Above ground, the intersection encompasses commercial stores and condominiums and it generally retains its commercial character, and serves as the main shopping area for most of these communities
6.
Front Street (Toronto)
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Front Street is an east-west road in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. First laid out in 1796, the street is one of the streets of the Town of York. The street was laid out along the shoreline of Lake Ontario as it existed during that time, Front Street runs from Bathurst Street in the west, east to Bayview Avenue to the east. From Bathurst Street, the street is four lanes wide, on the south side are the large downtown rail yards. From Bathurst to Spadina, the side is a mix of residential apartments. The Globe and Mail newspaper is headquartered in a building just west of Spadina Avenue, East of Spadina, Front Street diverges from the rail line. Along this stretch, which at one time was industrial with many rail sidings and these are mostly residential with ground and lower floors given to retail and commercial uses. East of Blue Jays Way, the area becomes commercial, on the north side of the street are office buildings, including the headquarters for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Along the south side, is an office building to the north of the Rogers Centre stadium. From John Street east to nearly Simcoe is the Metro Convention Centre, from Simcoe East are a few remnant industrial buildings, repurposed for office and retail uses. 151 Front Street West is a hotel that houses more than a hundred telecommunication companies. Between York and Bay Streets, the side is the Union Station railway and subway station, the north side is the large Fairmont Royal York Hotel. In this stretch, both sides of the street are reserved for parking for cabs and passenger drop-offs, and there is a center divider. East of Bay, the side is the TD Canada Trust tower. The road curves to the north-east here to meet at Yonge, on the north-east corner is the Brookfield Place office complex, which incorporates some heritage buildings along Yonge Street. One of the houses the Hockey Hall of Fame, East of Yonge Street, the street is for a few blocks a two-lane one-way east street angling further to the north. The corner here is the site of the Sony Centre for the Performing Arts theater, the north side is the Altius Group office building, with ground-floor retail. One block east is the St. Lawrence Centre for the Arts theatre building on the south side, along the south side to the east of the theatre are 19th Century commercial low-rise heritage buildings
7.
St. Lawrence Market
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St. Lawrence Market is a major public market in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at Front St, east and Jarvis St in the Old Town district of Toronto. There are three buildings in the complex, each having a different purpose, St. Lawrence Market North, on the north side of Front St, hosts weekly farmers markets and antique markets. A public market has been held on the building site since 1803. Several buildings have housed the building, the most recent built in 1968, St. Lawrence Market South, on the south side of Front St, is open daily, hosting food stalls, restaurants and the St. Lawrence Market Gallery. The South building dates to 1845, and has been rebuilt twice, St. Lawrence Hall is an event and office building on King at Jarvis, built in 1850. St. Lawrence Market was named the worlds best food market by National Geographic in April 2012, starting in 2015, the North building has shut to allow for redevelopment. While the North site is redeveloped, its functions have moved to south of the South building in a temporary building. By 1803 the population in York, Upper Canada had increased to the point where a market was needed. Governor Peter Hunter established a market day and designated an area. The market square was the center of the social life where auctions took place. In the earliest days of the town, when slavery was still legal, Town bylaws prohibited the selling of butter, eggs, fish, meat, poultry, and vegetables between the hours of 6am and 4pm on Saturdays, except at the market. The first market building, a shelter,24 feet by 36 feet was built in 1814. The first permanent structure was built in 1820, in 1823, the towns first public well was dug on the property. In 1831, the market building was torn down and a quadrangular brick building with arched entrances at the sides was built. The buildings office space served as home to City Council until 1845. This building was used until the 1849 Toronto Great Fire destroyed the northern side of the building, after the fire, St. Lawrence Hall was built, along with a new market building between it and Front. The market building was replaced in 1904 and 1968, the present St. Lawrence Market South building was built in 1845 as Toronto City Hall and was rebuilt in 1850 and 1904 and renovated in 1972
8.
Gardiner Expressway
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The Frederick G. Gardiner Expressway, commonly known as the Gardiner Expressway or simply the Gardiner, is a municipal expressway in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. East of Dufferin Street, the roadway is elevated, running above Lake Shore Boulevard east of Bathurst Street and it originally ended at Leslie Street to the east. This part was demolished in 2001, the highway is named for the first chair of the now-defunct Metro Council, Frederick G. Gardiner, who championed it, the Don Valley Parkway and Spadina Expressway projects. The six-lane section east of the Humber River was built in segments from 1955 until 1964 by the Metropolitan Toronto government with provincial highway funds, the ten-lane section west of the Humber was formerly part of the QEW provincial highway. The Gardiner Expressway is now owned and operated by the City of Toronto. When the Gardiner was built, it passed through industrial lands, now mostly grassy fields or parking lots, the City of Toronto commissioned a study of possible options for the segment east of Jarvis Street to the Don River and City Council voted in June 2015. From the Queen Elizabeth Way and Highway 427 interchange, east to the Humber River and this is the former QEW segment. Due to its status as a former Ontario 400-series highway, and because of its more recent design, a system of collector and express lanes serves Kipling Avenue and Islington Avenue and this segment has a speed limit of 100 km/h rather than 90 km/h. From the 427 to Grand Avenue the highway passes through an area of residential, commercial, to the south are the neighbourhoods of Alderwood and Mimico. The segment east of the Humber is the original Gardiner segment and is six-to-eight lanes wide, two eastbound lanes exit to Lake Shore Boulevard and the roadway narrows to the six lanes of the original segment at the bridge over the Humber River. Along the north side from Roncesvalles to Exhibition Place is the neighbourhood of Parkdale, like the rail lines which run parallel to the Gardiner along its north side, the Gardiner is built in a cut from Dowling Avenue to Dufferin Street and is below grade. From Dufferin to Strachan Avenue, the highway is flanked by light industry and the Liberty Village neighbourhood to the north, the highway becomes elevated at this point, rising at a gentle grade with a view of downtown Toronto straight ahead. From east of the Exhibition Place streetcar loop and just west of Strachan Avenue, bricked sections with windows can be seen when driving along Manitoba Drive or taking the streetcar in or out of Exhibition Place. GO Transits Exhibition train station is located under the Gardiner Expressway with tracks located on the side of the Gardiner. To the east of Strachan Avenue, the highway is elevated, mostly overhead of Lake Shore Boulevard. Just east of Strachan, the highway passes Old Fort York on the north side, from Bathurst Street eastward to Yonge Street, the south side is developed with residential condominiums of the Harbourfront neighbourhood and office towers. On the north side, the passes the Rogers Centre, CN Tower. North along Bay Street are the towers of the Toronto Financial District
9.
Redpath Sugar Refinery
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The Redpath Sugar Building is a sugar storage, refining and museum building in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The building is located just east of downtown at the foot of Jarvis Street at Queens Quay, the building, opened in 1958, houses the storage and refining plant for Toronto-based Redpath Sugar. The complex consists of Building 1, a stack and Building 2 houses the sugar museum. The sugar processed at the plant originates in the Caribbean and Brazil, due to the limited shipping season, sugar cane is stockpiled each fall in facilities next to the processing plant. In 2006, the illuminated red Redpath Sugar sign that adorned the side of the building was removed and replaced with a sign of Tate & Lyle the former owners. The Redpath signage on the West side of the building is still intact, the north-facing wall of the Raw Sugar Shed features a whale mural by artist Wyland. Since 1979, Redpath has operated the Redpath Sugar Museum in the building, with exhibits on the refining of sugar, the Museum is affiliated with the Canadian Museums Association, Canadian Heritage Information Network, and Virtual Museum of Canada. Harbourfront - neighbourhood in Toronto Peter Redpath Redpath Museum Toronto Harbour Sugar Beach Redpath Sugar Museum Building 1 Building 2 Chimney
10.
Moss Park Armoury
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Moss Park Armoury is a Canadian Forces facility located at 130 Queen Street East, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is at the northeast corner of Jarvis Street and Queen Street East and it was constructed in the mid 1960s. In Spring and fall 2010, the armoury was renovated and the facade was replaced and it currently hosts several units of the Primary Reserve. More than 600 soldiers and reservists train at Moss Park every week and it is located close to the downtown core and financial district, as well as several postsecondary institutions including the University of Toronto, Ryerson University, and George Brown College. The Armoury is within walking distance of the Queen subway station. It is also accessible by the 501 Queen and 502 Downtowner streetcar routes, as a prominent military structure in downtown Toronto, it has been the site of a number of anti-war protests. In the Canadian Forces, an armoury is a place where a reserve unit trains, meets, list of armouries in Canada Military history of Canada History of the Canadian Army Canadian Forces
11.
Royal Canadian Mounted Police
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The Royal Canadian Mounted Police is both a federal and a national police force of Canada. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police was formed in 1920 by the merger of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police with the Dominion Police, the former was originally named the North-West Mounted Police, and was given the Royal prefix by King Edward VII in 1904. The RCMP-GRC wording is protected under the Trade-marks Act, larger cities may form their own municipal police departments. The two most populous provinces, Ontario and Quebec, maintain provincial forces, the Ontario Provincial Police, the other eight provinces contract policing responsibilities to the RCMP. The RCMP provides front-line policing in those provinces under the direction of the provincial governments, when Newfoundland joined the confederation in 1949, the RCMP entered the province and absorbed the then Newfoundland Ranger Force, which patrolled most of Newfoundlands rural areas. The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary patrols urban areas of the province, in the territories, the RCMP is the sole territorial police force. Many municipalities throughout Canada contract to the RCMP, thus, the RCMP polices at the federal, provincial, and municipal level. It is the police force of any sort in several areas of Canada. The RCMP is responsible for an unusually large breadth of duties, under their federal mandate, the RCMP police throughout Canada, including Ontario and Quebec. Under provincial and municipal contracts the RCMP provides front-line policing in all areas outside of Ontario, there are detachments located in small villages in the far north, remote First Nations reserves, and rural towns, but also larger cities such as Surrey, British Columbia. There, support units investigate for their own detachments, and smaller municipal police forces, investigations include major crimes, homicides, forensic identification, collision forensics, police dogs, emergency response teams, explosives disposal, and undercover operations. CSIS is not part of the RCMP, but is its own entity, Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald first began planning a permanent force to patrol the North-West Territories after the Dominion of Canada purchased the territory from the Hudsons Bay Company. Reports from Army officers surveying the territory led to the recommendation that a force of between 100 to 150 mounted riflemen could maintain law and order. The Prime Minister first announced the force as the North West Mounted Rifles, however, officials in the United States raised concerns that an armed force along the border was a prelude to a military buildup. Macdonald then renamed the force the North-West Mounted Police when formed in 1873, the force added Royal to its name in 1904. It merged with the Dominion Police, the police force for all points east of Manitoba. As part of its security and intelligence functions, the RCMP infiltrated ethnic or political groups considered to be dangerous to Canada. This included the Communist Party of Canada, but also a variety of minority cultural, the force was also deeply involved in immigration matters, and especially deportations of suspected radicals
12.
Jarvis Street Baptist Church
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The Jarvis Street Baptist Church is a Baptist church located at the intersection of Gerrard Street and Jarvis Street in downtown Toronto, Ontario. One of the oldest churches in the city, its congregation was founded in 1818, early records indicate that by 1827, church meetings were held at the Masonic Hall on Colborne Street. The congregation then bought property on Lombard Street and constructed a chapel in 1832. It was then also as the Baptist Church of York. By 1848, the congregation had moved to Bond Street and became simply as Bond Street Baptist Church with a membership that grew to 400 by the late 1860s. Beginning with Bond Street and continuing through at Jarvis Street an outreach was begun further west which was established in 1880 as Beverley Street Baptist Church. The present church was erected on Jarvis Street in 1875, with a donation to the construction costs from the Canadian Senator and banker. The newly formed Baptist Union of Canada held its first meeting at Jarvis Street in October,1880, in 1888 the Western Convention, while in session in Jarvis St. The new convention was to be called, the Baptist Convention of Ontario, benjamin Daniel Thomas served from October 1881 - July 1903 and was once referred to as the best-loved Baptist minister in Canada. Henry Francis Perry served from 1903-1909 leaving for a pastorate at First Baptist Church Vancouver, British, during his pastorate he also taught at McMaster. He was followed by Thomas Todhunter Shields who held the pastorate from 1910 until his death in 1955 and it was during Shields tenure that a disastrous fire severely damaged the building in 1938. Shields supervised the rebuilding and insisted that the new spire be an replica of the old one. It was one of the first churches in Canada to be built with an amphitheatre-shaped interior, the ground floor seating is grouped in a semicircle, while the gallery above is horseshoe shaped. The main façade of the building is made out brown stone that is obtained from the regions of Queenstown, the stone is laid unevenly with a pattern that varies in different shades of browns and dark yellows. The material used for the roof is Canadian slate, the roof is constructed from a series of pitched segments that are centrally connected by a horizontally sliced dome. There are eight entrances, each consisting of solid oak double doors framed with pointed sandstone arches, several of these doors have been blocked off with black cast iron gates. Triangular sets of small windows are placed above every door to fill the space in between the entrance and the top of the arch. The building has number of columns with slim tall shape and different capitals that are based on a Corinthian order
13.
Allan Gardens
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Allan Gardens is one of the oldest parks in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It has a conservatory, a playground and two fenced off-leash areas for dogs and it is operated by Toronto Parks who also run Centennial Park Conservatory. It is open day of the year and is free. Rare tropical plants from all over the globe are nurtured inside five greenhouses covering 16,000 square feet, the southern “Tropical House” has a waterwheel and tropical plants like orchids and bromeliads. The “Cool House” has a waterfall, Kashmirian Cypress, small pond, the central Palm House houses tall bananas, bamboo and a huge Screw Pine. Another tropical house has many kinds of hibiscus, datura and a cycad, the Cactus House has a wide variety of cacti and succulents. During the Victorian Christmas Show, the conservatory is decorated and filled with thousands of flowering plants, the opening on the first Sunday in December features Christmas carollers, horse and wagon rides, hot apple cider and freshly baked cookies. The show runs until the end of December and the conservatory is opened late on weekends, for Easter, the dome is filled with blue and pink hydrangeas and Easter lilies. On the first weekend in November, the Fall Show features over 75 varieties of Chrysanthemums, in 1879, the Pavilion Hall was built. It included a conservatory and was also used for concerts. Oscar Wilde gave a lecture here in May 1882, the Hall burned down in 1902. It was replaced by the existing Victorian style conservatory known as the Palm House in 1910 and this was designed by former City Architect Robert McCallum. Toronto Architects Mathers and Haldenby, Lord and Burnham Company, the Cool House was added in 1924 and the northern Tropical House in 1956. The Arid House and the southern, double-width Tropical House were moved from Exhibition Park in the 1950s, the University of Toronto greenhouse was relocated to Allan Gardens, connected to the Arid House and is now used as a childrens conservatory. It was previously a greenhouse for the Department of Botany at the University of Torontos St. George Campus, the building design emphasizes the use of repetition, symmetry and contrast. Such as framing and trusses. and translucent glazing are used throughout, symmetry is evident when viewing the building on the ground plane, towards the main entrance of the Palm House. Two main entrances are situated on the south and the side of the main façade with alike ornamentation above the entry doors. The same materials are used for both entrances with a pattern of wood-framed glazing in the space between the doors
14.
Jarvis Collegiate Institute
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Jarvis Collegiate Institute is a high school in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is a part of the Toronto District School Board, prior to 1998 it was within the Toronto Board of Education. Jarvis is located on Jarvis Street, founded in 1807 it is the second oldest high school in Ontario after the Kingston Collegiate and Vocational Institute, and the oldest high school in Toronto. Jarvis Collegiate was founded as a school in 1797. Its first name was the Home District Grammar School and these were the early days of Toronto, when the first parliament buildings were established and the first church and jail were constructed. In fact, it was fourteen years earlier that Governor John Grave Simcoe arrived at the unspoiled location on Lake Ontario to lay out the design of the new town he named York. After the early period 1807-1811, enrollment started at five, rose to twenty, in 1839, Strachan became the first Anglican bishop of Toronto, living grandly in a home known as the Palace and signing his name John Toronto. The original 1807 school building was an attached to the headmasters house. Strachan raised funds for a new building, completed in 1816 on College Square. In 1825 the school was renamed the Royal Grammar School, later the name was changed to Toronto High School. In 1829 it moved to the corner of Jarvis and Lombard Streets, when Upper Canada College was founded in 1829 it shared a building with the Grammar School and for several years the two organizations were essentially unified. UCC eventually moved to its own facilities, in the following decade, once again growing enrollment necessitated a new building. As the school underwent construction between 1870 and 1871, classes were held in a vacant insane asylum at Queens Park, in 1871 the new building opened at 361 Jarvis Street, just south of College Street, directly in front of Allan Gardens. In 1873 Parkdale Collegiate Institute, a high school, was established in Toronto. The school was given its current name, Jarvis Collegiate Institute, in 1924 it moved to its current building. Jarvis Collegiate celebrated its 200th anniversary in 2007. N
15.
Rogers Communications
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Rogers Communications Inc. is a Canadian communications and media company. It operates particularly in the field of communications, cable television, telephone. The present enterprise dates to 1960, when Rogers son, Ted Rogers and that company acquired CHFI that year, as well as Aldred-Rogers Broadcasting, a partnership with Joel Aldred which helped launch CFTO in 1961. Rogers later bought out Aldred and started the current cable and wireless operations, however, the company also competes nationally with Telus for wireless services, and primarily indirectly with Shaw Communications for television service. This was a breakthrough in the technology and became a key factor in popularizing radio reception, after this invention radios became far more commonplace in the world. No power transformers were needed in these radios In 1931, Rogers Sr. was awarded an experimental television licence in Canada and he was working on radar when, on May 6,1939 he died suddenly due to complications of a hemorrhage. He left a widow, Velma, and a five-year-old son, while his business interests were sold, his son later determined to carry on his fathers business. While Ted Rogers was a student with Tory, Tory, DesLauriers & Binnington, he started Rogers Radio Broadcasting Limited. In 1962, he pioneered stereo broadcasting in FM with CHFI, by making available FM radios to boost FM penetration, which was only at 3% at the time, Ted Rogers was able to make more Canadians aware of FM transmitters. CHFI-FM quickly became one of Canadas most listened to FM radio stations and one of the most popular, Rogerss interests in radio led him to cable television in the mid-1960s. He entered the business in 1967, and was awarded television licences for areas in and around Toronto. In 1974, Rogers Cable Communications expanded past 12 channels, including several multicultural channels, through a reverse-takeover in 1979, Ted Rogerss company, Rogers Cable TV Limited, acquired control of Canadian Cablesystems Limited. In 1980, the company purchased Premier Communications Limited, which almost doubled the number of cable subscribers, as a founding shareholder of Rogers Cantel Inc. which commenced service in 1985, the company entered the mobile phone market. The company operated a national telephone network in Canada in competition with the established telephone companies. Rogers Cantel Mobile Communications Inc. which is now called Rogers Wireless, is now a public company 51% of which is owned by Rogers Communications, between 1979 and 1982, Rogers Communications acquired and built a number of cable television systems in the United States. In March 1989, the completed the sale of its US cable television interests for CDN $1.581 billion. In 1986, Rogers Cablesystems changes its name to present-day Rogers Communications Inc and this led to Rogers Communications Inc. acquiring 40% of Unitel Communications, formerly CNCP Telecommunications, in September 1989. Unitel was granted permission by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission in June 1992 to compete with the Canadian telephone monopolies in the long-distance market, in January 1993, 20% of Unitel Communications was sold to AT&T Corporation
16.
York, Upper Canada
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The Town of York was the second capital of the district of Upper Canada and the predecessor to Toronto. It was established in 1793 by Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe as a location for the capital of Upper Canada, while he made plans to build a capital near todays London. Simcoe renamed the location York after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, Simcoe gave up his plan to build a capital at London, and York became the permanent capital of Upper Canada on February 1,1796. That year Simcoe returned to Britain and was replaced by Peter Russell. The original townsite was a compact ten blocks near the mouth of the Don River, government buildings and a law court were established. Yonge Street was built, connecting York to the Holland River to the north, to the east, Kingston Road was built to the mouth of the Trent River. In 1797, the site was expanded to the west to allow for public buildings. One of the new areas public functions, a market, was started in 1803. It continues today as St. Lawrence Market, the garrison was attacked during the War of 1812. As the British Army retreated, it blew up the garrison, leading to the death of numerous American soldiers, the victorious Americans sacked the town and burned down the government buildings. The Americans chose not to occupy the town and the British eventually returned without conflict, a retribution attack was made on the American capital of Washington. After the war was over, the continued to grow, expanding to the west, leaving the original town site. A new parliament building was erected, near the location, but this burned down. A permanent fort, Fort York, was built on the site of the garrison, Dundas Street was built to connect York to towns to the west. In the 1820s, the experienced a surge of immigrants. By 1830, this led to a political conflict which would later lead to the 1837 Upper Canada Rebellion. By 1701, the Iroquoian villages that had established along the north shore of Lake Ontario during the sixteenth century had been abandoned. The name Toronto is derived from indigenous sources, a portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, the Toronto Carrying-Place Trail, led to widespread use of the name
17.
Great Fire of Toronto (1849)
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The Great Fire of Toronto of 1849, April 7,1849, also known as the Cathedral Fire, was the first major fire in the history of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Much of the Market Block, the core of the city, was wiped out. The 1831 building of the Toronto City Hall and St. Lawrence Market south of King was damaged and was torn down. The fire was discovered at 1 a. m. in the rear of Grahams Tavern on the north-east side of King Street and Nelson Street at George, the fire consumed Posts Tavern then burned through the outbuildings north to Duke Street. The fire spread through the block, destroying the Home District Saving Bank. At this point, a south-easterly wind had come up, at 3 a. m. the spire of the first St. James Cathedral at Church Street caught fire and the cathedral was soon destroyed. The fire spread to the side of King Street and the old Toronto City Hall. It damaged most buildings on the east side of Nelson, at its height, the fire was visible from across Lake Ontario in St. Catharines. The fire could have further, but Toronto west of Church Street was saved by a rain shower at about 3,30 a. m. This wet down the roofs of buildings to the west, making it harder for flying brands to ignite them, the wind was from the north-east, pushing the fire away from the court house, fire hall and St. Andrews Church west of Church Street. At 4 a. m. troops arrived to assist the firefighters, according to The Globe, the fire was mostly extinguished by 5 a. m. The damages were estimated at CA$500,000 to $700,000, the loss to insurance companies was $239,724. The Upper Canada Gazette, the first newspaper in Ontario, would not resume publication, while the buildings on the main streets were brick, the inner buildings along laneways were made of wood and likely fuelled the fire. The early firefighting companies of the time, mostly made up of volunteers, had limited firefighting capability, Fire hydrants and water tanks or barrels had been added in 1842 by the Metropolitan Water Company, but these were not enough. Before the fire, Torontos fire-fighting capabilities were limited to six companies operating in one fire hall at Court Street. Manual pumpers and tankers involved far too much manpower and would prove to be no match for the speed of a major fire. The fire halls existing in Toronto in 1849 were, Firemans Hall on Church Street south of Adelaide Street East - Built 1826 and renumbered as Fire Hall Number 5 in 1861, it was closed in 1874. Fire Hall Number 1 at 139-141 Bay Street - Built 1841, engine Number 4 at St. Patricks Market on Queen Street West - Built 1842 and closed 1861
18.
St. Lawrence Hall
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St. Lawrence Hall is a meeting hall in Toronto, Ontario, located at the corner of King Street East and Jarvis Street. It was created to be Torontos public meeting hall home to public gatherings, concerts and its main feature was a thousand-seat amphitheater. For decades the hall was the centre of Torontos social life, today the hall continues as a venue for events including weddings, conferences, and art shows. The location was part of the Market Square area, and had been the site of the first permanent market buildings. The vacated area at the corner of King and Jarvis was in the heart of the growing community, the Renaissance Revival style building was designed by William Thomas. It was here that prominent politicians such as John A. Macdonald and George Brown, Fathers of Confederation and it was the main venue for musicians and other performers who came to the city. The lower levels were integrated into the market and were home to stores and businesses, a third storey section of the building was known as St. Patrick Hall, an important meeting place for the Irish Catholic Benevolent Union. By the 1870s the growing city had a number of larger and more suitable performance venues and it continued to serve a number of roles, including several years as the home of the National Ballet. The city of Toronto fully restored the hall in 1967 to mark the Centennial of Confederation and that same year it was designated as a National Historic Site. The first two Juno Awards ceremonies were presented here in 1970 and 1971, a remote detonated explosion, standing in for the groundbreaking of Canadas Wonderland theme park in the York Region town of Maple, took place from the Hall. William Thomas was an architect of both England and Canada and he immigrated to Toronto with his wife and 10 children from Leamington Spa, England due to the economic crisis in 1837. After his emigration to Toronto, his career as a city engineer, one of his well-recognized successful works in architecture after his settlement is St. Lawrence Hall. The symmetrical composition of building elements is also a characteristic of Renaissance architecture. The Renaissance Revival was a goal of William Thomas, but the Hall reinterpreted the Italination in a vernacular. St. Lawrence Hall is designed in a Victorian composition with a French mansard roof due to abundant snowfall in Ontario, the ornamental cupola on top of the main hall is another feature of the Hall. List of oldest buildings and structures in Toronto Emporis Listing Parks Canada – Information on St. Lawrence Hall as part of Toronto National Historic Sites Urban Walks
19.
Samuel Jarvis
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Samuel Peters Jarvis was a Canadian government official in the nineteenth century. He was the Chief Superintendent of Indian Affairs for Upper Canada, Jarvis was born to William Jarvis and Hannah Owens Peters in Newark, Upper Canada. He moved with his family to York, Upper Canada in 1798, for a time he attended the school of John Strachan in Cornwall, Ontario. In 1814 he received two positions in the government of Upper Canada, Assistant Secretary, and Registrar of Upper Canada, Jarvis was also appointed as a Clerk of the Legislative Council of Upper Canada. Having studied law before the war, he was called to the bar in 1815, in 1817 he was named Clerk of the Crown in Chancery. In 1817 Jarvis killed John Ridout in a duel, John was the son of Upper Canadas Surveyor General, Thomas Ridout. The Jarvis and Ridout families carried a longstanding enmity, in 1817 John Ridout had been ejected from Jarvis office, and they agreed to a duel, meeting on July 12 at daybreak. The pair stood back to back, then took 8 steps, the count of three was the signal permitting them to shoot. Ridout shot on the count of two but missed, Jarvis was livid at this violation of the agreement. Their seconds conferred, giving Ridout a second gun, then taking it away, Jarvis was charged with murder, but the charge was reduced to manslaughter before trial. Jarvis was acquitted, as all the formalities of a duel had been met, and it was the last such quasi-legal duel in Toronto. In October 1818 Jarvis married Mary Boyles Powell and she was the daughter of William Dummer Powell, the judge who had presided over his trial for the shooting of John Ridout. Around 1822 Jarvis moved onto land which he had inherited from his father, Hazel Burn and he cleared the southern part of the lot and erected an estate. This act was in retaliation for negative editorials which Mackenzie had run about members of the Family Compact, Mackenzie sued and won £625, which was paid by donations from the Family Compact, and Mackenzie was able to set up a larger operation. Jarvis was named Chief Superintendent of Indian Affairs for Upper Canada in 1837, replacing James Givins, in 1845 he was removed from his position as Chief Superintendent of Indian Affairs for Upper Canada. A three-man commission appointed to investigate complaints about the Department of Indian Affairs found substantial problems there, witnesses to the commission testified about occurrences of bribery, fraud, religious discrimination and lack of interest in the welfare of the Indians under its supervision. To repay the government the money he had stolen from the Indian Department, the estate was divided into town lots with a street through the tract. The street is now named Jarvis Street, Jarvis and his wife had several children
20.
Ryerson University
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Ryerson University is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Its urban campus surrounds the Yonge-Dundas Square, located at the busiest intersection in downtown Toronto, the university has a focus on applied, career-oriented education. The majority of its buildings are in the blocks northeast of the Yonge-Dundas Square in Torontos Garden District, the universitys most recent expansion, the Mattamy Athletic Centre, is in the historical Maple Leaf Gardens arena, formerly home of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The university is composed of 36, 000+ undergraduate students,2, 000+ graduate students, Ryerson is ranked 4th in Ontario and 10th in Canada by student enrollment. Raymond Chang School of Continuing Education, in 1852 at the core of the present main campus, the historic St. James Square, Egerton Ryerson founded Ontarios first teacher training facility, the Toronto Normal School. It also housed the Department of Education and the Museum of Natural History and Fine Arts, an agricultural laboratory on the site led to the founding of the Ontario Agricultural College and the University of Guelph. St. James Square went through various other uses before housing a namesake of its original founder. Egerton Ryerson was an educator, politician, and Methodist minister. He is known as the father of Ontarios public school system, howard Hillen Kerr was given control of nine Ontario Training and Re-establishment centres to accomplish this. His vision of what these institutions would do was broader than what others were suggesting, in 1943, he visited the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was convinced Canada could develop its own MIT over one hundred years. Along the way, such an institution could respond to the societys needs, when the Province approved the idea of technical institutes in 1946, it proposed to found several. It turned out all but one would be special purpose schools, only the Toronto retraining centre, which became the Ryerson Institute of Technology in 1948, would become a multi-program campus, Kerr’s future MIT of Canada. This vision is reflected in Ryersons Motto and its mission statement, the Toronto Training and Re-establishment Institute was created in 1945 on the former site of the Toronto Normal School at St James Square, bounded by Gerrard, Church, Yonge and Gould. The Gothic-Romanesque building was designed by architects Thomas Ridout and Frederick William Cumberland in 1852, the site had been used as a Royal Canadian Air Force training facility during World War II. The institute was a joint venture of the federal and provincial government to train ex-servicemen and women for re-entry into civilian life, the Ryerson Institute of Technology was founded in 1948, inheriting the staff and facilities of the Toronto Training and Re-establishment Institute. In 1966, it became the Ryerson Polytechnical Institute and that year, it also became a member of the Council of Ontario Universities. In 1992, Ryerson became Toronto’s second school of engineering to receive accreditation from the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board, the following year, Ryerson formally became a University, via an Act of the Ontario Legislature. In 1993, Ryerson received approval to grant graduate degrees
21.
Rogers Building (Toronto)
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Located at 1 Mount Pleasant Road /1 Ted Rogers Way, the complex occupies almost all of the block bounded by Jarvis, Bloor, Huntley and Isabella Streets. Collectively all of the buildings are referred to as the Rogers Campus. The companys cable television and magazine publishing operations, as well as its radio stations. Rogers Sportsnet is the latest addition to the complex, launching their new studios on April 30,2008, rogers-owned Toronto television stations CFMT-DT, CJMT-DT, and CITY-DT are based at 33 Dundas Street East located at Victoria and Dundas streets. The Shopping Channel is based at a facility in Mississauga. Rogers acquired various parts of the block over time as expansion of the facility was planned and executed, part of the facilitys parking garage now occupies the location once used by the original studios of 100 Huntley Street. The Rogers building was built as the new head office of the now defunct Confederation Life insurance company. Rogers Park, Brampton Rogers Communications OutRank by Rogers Rogers Communications Rogers AT&T Centre
22.
222 Jarvis Street
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222 Jarvis Street is an office building on Jarvis Street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The inverted-pyramid-shaped building contains ten storeys and was completed in 1971, constructed of pre-cast concrete skinned in dark brown brick veneer, it was designed in the Brutalist style by architect Maxwell Miller as the head office of Sears Canada, a department store chain. It has 58,336 square metres of floor area. The property was sold in 2007 to the Ontario Realty Corporation, Sears Canada has since relocated its head office to the Toronto Eaton Centre. The building was connected to the adjacent building now known as the Merchandise Building, a former department store warehouse. The Government of Ontario chose 222 Jarvis Street as a model to show that buildings can be retrofitted to significantly reduce a buildings carbon footprint. The renovation was completed in the fall of 2011, the retrofit was undertaken by WZMH Architects, and is claimed to be as one of the largest retrofit projects in North America. It was completed under the Government of Ontario’s Toronto Accommodation Plan, a new two-storey glass atrium extends from the main-floor lobby and part of the second floor east toward Jarvis Street to bring in more natural light. The building has a system that runs from the basement to the ninth floor. A 190-square-metre skylight was cut into the roof to allow light into the centre of the building
23.
Indonesia
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Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the worlds largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At 1,904,569 square kilometres, Indonesia is the worlds 14th-largest country in terms of area and worlds 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea. It has an population of over 260 million people and is the worlds fourth most populous country. The worlds most populous island, Java, contains more than half of the countrys population, Indonesias republican form of government includes an elected legislature and president. Indonesia has 34 provinces, of which five have Special Administrative status and its capital and countrys most populous city is Jakarta, which is also the most populous city in Southeast Asia and the second in Asia. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, other neighbouring countries include Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the second highest level of biodiversity. The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas, tin, copper, agriculture mainly produces rice, palm oil, tea, coffee, cacao, medicinal plants, spices and rubber. Indonesias major trading partners are Japan, United States, China, the Indonesian archipelago has been an important region for trade since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Indonesia consists of hundreds of native ethnic and linguistic groups. The largest – and politically dominant – ethnic group are the Javanese, a shared identity has developed, defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesias national motto, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, articulates the diversity that shapes the country, Indonesias economy is the worlds 16th largest by nominal GDP and the 8th largest by GDP at PPP, the largest in Southeast Asia, and is considered an emerging market and newly industrialised country. Indonesia has been a member of the United Nations since 1950, Indonesia is a member of the G20 major economies and World Trade Organization. The name Indonesia derives from the Greek name of the Indós, the name dates to the 18th century, far predating the formation of independent Indonesia. In 1850, George Windsor Earl, an English ethnologist, proposed the terms Indunesians—and, his preference, in the same publication, one of his students, James Richardson Logan, used Indonesia as a synonym for Indian Archipelago. However, Dutch academics writing in East Indies publications were reluctant to use Indonesia, they preferred Malay Archipelago, the Netherlands East Indies, popularly Indië, the East, and Insulinde
24.
Rosedale, Toronto
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It is located north of Downtown Toronto and is one of its oldest suburbs. It is also one of the wealthiest and most highly priced neighbourhoods in Canada, Rosedale has been ranked the best neighbourhood in Toronto to live by Toronto Life. Rosedales boundaries consist of the CPR railway tracks to the north, Yonge Street to the west, Aylmer Avenue and Rosedale Valley Road to the south, the neighbourhood is within the City of Torontos Rosedale-Moore Park neighbourhood. The neighbourhood is divided into a north and south portion by the Park Drive Ravine, south Rosedale was first settled by Sheriff William Jarvis and his wife, Mary, in 1826 after Jarvis inherited his fathers home there two years earlier. Mary Jarvis, the granddaughter of chief justice and loyalist William Drummer Powell frequently walked and she named the estate Rosedale as a tribute to the abundance of wild roses that graced the hillsides of their estate. The Jarvis estate was subdivided in 1854 and became Torontos first garden suburb, the Jarvis Family sold the Rosedale homestead in 1864, which led to the residential development of the area soon after, including the extension of Cluny Drive. A noteworthy piece of Rosedales History, is that it was home to Ontarios fourth Government House, the house was called Chorley Park, and it was built for the Lieutenant Governor in 1915. It was demolished in 1960 by the city of Toronto to save money and it is now a public park of the same name. Rosedale is built among three ravines, preserved as parkland, Rosedale is full of cul de sacs and convoluted routes through the neighbourhood, which coupled with other physical boundaries leading to low levels of vehicular traffic. Even though Rosedale is located in the middle of Toronto, virtually no vehicular traffic can be heard with the abundance of trees, the homes are mostly single family detached dwellings, many of which are at least 100 years old including some former farmhouses that are closer to 200. Houses range from Edwardian and Tudor in style to the more common Victorian and Georgian, south Rosedale is currently home to an exclusive all-girls school, Branksome Hall which offers the International Baccalaureate program. Rosedale Public School is an elementary school in central Rosedale, not far from Rosedales community centre. Rosedale Park is home to the annual spring park party, Mayfair, the event typically consists of rides, games, flea market and other such carnival-like activities. The event is traditionally on the first Saturday in May and is run, according to Census tracts 0086.00 and 0087.00 of the 2006 Canadian census, Rosedale has 7,672 residents, up 4. 8% from the 2001 census. The median income in this Census Tract in the 2006 Canadian Census was $55,906, while the total income in this Census was $165,827. The median income level was also double that of Canada and Ontario, while the total income levels were 4.5 to 5 times larger than that of Ontario. In 2015 the average Rosedale house sold for over $1,800,000, additionally, Rosedale possesses a large population of people of English, Scottish, and Irish ethnic origin. Rosedale is represented in the House of Commons by Chrystia Freeland and is a part of the Torontos central district, renamed to University-Rosedale in 2015, in Provincial Parliament, Rosedale is a part of the Toronto Centre district and is currently represented by Glen Murray
25.
Edward S. Rogers Jr.
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Edward Samuel Ted Rogers Jr. OC, was the president and CEO of Rogers Communications Inc. and the fifth-richest person in Canada in terms of net worth. Born in Toronto, Ontario, Rogers was educated at Upper Canada College and he subsequently attended Trinity College in the University of Toronto, graduating in 1956 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. When he was a student, Rogers joined the Sigma Chi fraternity. In 1979, he was named a Significant Sig by the fraternity – the 21st Canadian to be inducted, by 1965, he was in the cable TV business. Rogers Communications was established in 1967 and has grown one of Canadas largest media conglomerates. His father Edward S. Rogers Sr. is regarded as the founder of the company, although the station that he founded, CFRB, is now owned by another Canadian company and competitor. He purchased the remaining 20% share from Labatt in 2003, moreover, the Blue Jays home ballpark, SkyDome, was renamed Rogers Centre in 2005 after Rogers firm purchased the stadium. Rogers was married to Loretta Anne Rogers, and their wedding took place on September 25,1963 and her father was Roland Robinson, 1st Baron Martonmere, who was a British politician and former Governor of Bermuda. Rogers and his wife had four children together, Lisa, Edward, Melinda and he is a direct descendant of Timothy Rogers, the founder of Newmarket, Ontario and Pickering, Ontario. On October 25,1990, Rogers was appointed to the grade of Officer of the Order of Canada, in 2006, Rogers was inducted into Canadas Telecommunications Hall of Fame, along with his father, Edward S. Rogers Sr. In 2000, Rogers and his wife Loretta gave $26.8 million to the University of Toronto, the Rogers gift allowed the faculty to establish the Edward S. Rogers Sr. On May 29,2007, Rogers and his wife made a gift of $15 million to Ryerson University, the donation was directed towards the Faculty of Business, which was renamed the Ted Rogers School of Management at the donors request. The majority of the gift will be used to establish 52 new undergraduate and graduate student awards, the gift also aims to establish a new research chair to seed academic initiatives in management research. Rogers suffered from heart failure and died early on the morning of December 2,2008, aged 75. He was buried at the plot at Mount Pleasant Cemetery. On December 2,2009, the first anniversary of his death, the theme of the conference revolved around the acronym TED, Take risks. Aldred-Rogers Broadcasting List of billionaires List of Upper Canada College alumni Memorial webpage - Rogers Communications Inc, history of Rogers at the Wayback Machine Ted Rogers at Museum of Broadcast Communications Forbes
26.
Black Lives Matter
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Black Lives Matter is an international activist movement, originating in the African-American community, that campaigns against violence and perceived systemic racism toward black people. BLM regularly holds protests against police killings of people and broader issues of racial profiling, police brutality. In 2013, the movement began with the use of the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter on social media, since the Ferguson protests, participants in the movement have demonstrated against the deaths of numerous other African Americans by police actions or while in police custody. In the summer of 2015, Black Lives Matter activists became involved in the 2016 United States presidential election. The originators of the hashtag and call to action, Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, the overall Black Lives Matter movement, however, is a decentralized network and has no formal hierarchy. Black Lives Matter has also been criticized, some black civil rights leaders have criticized the tactics of BLM. Some critics accuse Black Lives Matter of being anti-police, and question the statistics provided by BLM activists regarding the rate at which people are killed by police. Other criticisms include, BLMs lack of focus on violence, allegations of racism and sexism. There have been many reactions to the Black Lives Matter movement, the U. S. populations perception of Black Lives Matter varies considerably by race. The phrase All Lives Matter sprang up as a response to the Black Lives Matter movement, however, All Lives Matter has been criticized for dismissing or misunderstanding the message of Black Lives Matter. Following the shooting of two officers in Ferguson, the hashtag Blue Lives Matter was created by supporters of the police. Several media organizations have referred to BLM as a new civil rights movement, in the summer of 2013, after George Zimmermans acquittal for the shooting death of Trayvon Martin, the movement began with the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter. The movement was co-founded by three black community organizers, Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi, Garza, Cullors and Tometi met through Black Organizing for Leadership & Dignity, a national organization that trains community organizers. They began to question how they were going to respond to what they saw as the devaluation of black lives after Zimmermans acquittal, Garza wrote a Facebook post titled A Love Note to Black People in which she said, Our Lives Matter, Black Lives Matter. Tometi then added her support, and Black Lives Matter was born as an online campaign, in August 2014, BLM members organized their first in-person national protest in the form of a Black Lives Matter Freedom Ride to Ferguson, Missouri after the shooting of Michael Brown. More than five hundred members descended upon Ferguson to participate in non-violent demonstrations, since then, Black Lives Matter has organized thousands of protests and demonstrations. Expanding beyond street protests, BLM has expanded to activism on American college campuses, Black Lives Matter incorporates those traditionally on the margins of black freedom movements. All three founders of the Black Lives Matter movement are women, and Garza and Cullors identify as queer, the founders believe that their backgrounds have paved the way for Black Lives Matter to be an intersectional movement
27.
Sugar Beach
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Sugar Beach is an urban beach park in Toronto, Canada, that opened in 2010. It is located across from Redpath Sugar Refinery in Torontos eastern East Bayfront, like HTO Park to the west, the beach is not meant to allow wading or swimming in Lake Ontario, but rather functions as a waterfront public space for relaxation, leisure, and social activities. The park is designed by Claude Cormier + Associés Inc, the park is triangular-shaped and built next to Redpath Sugars refinery at Lower Jarvis Street and Queens Quay—the parks name references the nearby sugar refinery. It shares space with the new home of Corus Entertainment on Corus Quay, the building and beach are separated by a paved area with benches and trees in Silva Cells that provide over 30 cubic meters of uncompacted soil to each tree. Corus Quay has large doors that allow the building to host concerts and events at Sugar Beach. Prior to construction, the site was a parking lot for the Jarvis Street Slip
28.
Toronto City Council
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The Toronto City Council is the governing body of the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Members represent wards throughout the city, and are known as councillors, for ease of electoral division, wards are based upon the citys federal electoral districts as of the year 2000. While the federal districts have been redistributed since then, the boundaries remain the same. The city council has 45 members,44 ward councillors plus the mayor, the current decision making framework and committee structure at the City of Toronto was established by the City of Toronto Act and came into force January 1,2007. The decision-making process at the City of Toronto involves committees that report to City Council, Committees propose, review and debate policies and recommendations before their arrival at City Council for debate. Citizens and residents can only make deputations on policy at committees, each City Councillor sits on one committee. The Mayor is a member of all committees and is entitled to one vote, There are three types of committees at the City of Toronto, the Executive Committee, Standing Committees and other Committees of Council. The City posts agendas for council and committee meetings on its website, the Executive Committee is an advisory body chaired by the mayor. The Executive Committee is composed of the Mayor, Deputy Mayor, the role of the Executive Committee is to set the City of Torontos priorities, manage financial planning and budgeting, labour relations, human resources, and the operation of City Council. Source, City of Toronto There are eleven other committees that report to Toronto City Council, the seven standing policy committees are, There are four other committees that report to Council, Source, City of Toronto All members of Toronto city council serve on a community council. Community Councils report to City Council but they also have final decision-making power on certain items, such as front yard parking and appointments to local boards, the city is divided into four community councils. The salary for the mayor was $177,499 for 2014, the salary for a city councillor was $105,397 for 2014. In 2017, Councillor pay will be $111,955, the office of the Mayor is located on the second floor at Toronto City Hall. The general public and media can access it via stairs, office staff and the Mayor can reach the office by elevator from the ground floor or the garage. Staffing roles and hiring is directed by the Mayor and not by Council or City of Toronto, before that Toronto had a Board of Control, as did former cities North York and Etobicoke. Vacancies in a seat may be filled in one of two ways, either by the holding of a by-election or through direct appointment of an interim councillor chosen by the council in an internal vote. The process often results in public debate, however, the by-election process is widely seen as more democratic, while the appointment process is seen as less expensive for the city to undertake. Peter Leon considered registering as a candidate in the 2014 election following his appointment as a councillor in 2013
29.
Reversible lane
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A reversible lane is a lane in which traffic may travel in either direction, depending on certain conditions. Typically, it is meant to improve traffic flow during rush hours, by having traffic lights. Reversible lanes are commonly found in tunnels and on bridges. The presence of lane controls allows authorities to close or reverse lanes when unusual circumstances require use of fewer or more lanes to maintain flow of traffic. Some more recent implementations of reversible lanes use a movable barrier to establish a separation between allowed and disallowed lanes of travel. Other systems use retractable cones or bollards which are built into the road, the two center lanes of the six-lane Golden Gate Bridge are reversible, they are southbound during morning rush hour and northbound at evening rush hour. Prior to the installation of a median barrier in January 2015. Many urban freeways have entirely separate carriageways to hold reversible lanes, generally, traffic flows in one direction or another in such a configuration, the carriageways are not split into two-lane roadways during non-rush periods. Typically, this sort of express lane will have fewer interchanges than the primary lanes, and many such roadways only provide onramps for inbound traffic, historically, the term suicide lane has also referred to a lane in the center of a highway meant for passing in both directions. Neither direction has the right-of-way, and both directions are permitted to use the lane for passing. In a similar layout, three lanes are striped with two in one direction and one in the other, but traffic in the direction with one lane is allowed to cross the centerline to pass, 2+1 roads have replaced some of these in Europe and North America. While this is also called a suicide lane, it is actually far safer. These roads are common in suburban areas and less common in rural areas. Many were divided highways before the median was demolished or otherwise filled with the turn lane, many four-lane streets with a center double yellow line are being phased out in favor of five-lane streets with center turn lanes, because the center lane allows for less disruption of traffic flow. For routes with moderate traffic, other movements involve downgrading four-lane undivided streets to three-lane streets with a center lane. This center lane can be used by vehicles like police cars, ambulance. U. S. Route 13 near the Greenville, NC city limits is an instance of a posted warning sign that states do not pass in center lane. Chain Bridge in Washington, D. C. Bailey Bridge, in Coquitlam, michigan State Highway 20, Mount Pleasant to Midland Trans-national The Peace Bridge between the U. S. and Canada, connecting Fort Erie, Ontario to Buffalo, New York
30.
Cycling in Toronto
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Toronto, like many North American cities, has slowly been improving its cycling infrastructure. Toronto was no exception when the penny-farthing, and later the safety bicycle and this predated the advent of the automobile. The roads at the time were not ideal for bicycle travel, with the advent of the automobile the romance of the bicycle faded. It wasnt until the 10-speed bike boom of the 1970s that use of the bicycle for transportation in Toronto regained some traction, in 1975, the Toronto City Cycling Committee was established by the former City to promote cycling and safety initiatives. It was composed of cycling advocates, City Councillors and volunteers. ”In 2001, Toronto City Council adopted the Toronto Bike Plan with the aim of doubling the number of cycling trips and reducing crashes and injuries by 2011. A1999 Decima Research study showed that 48 percent of Torontonians were cyclists, during the peak summer months, cyclists in Toronto made more than three million trips per week, including over 1.6 million recreation trips. Approximately 20 percent of the population are utilitarian cyclists, riding to work and school, the largest age groups of utilitarian and recreational cyclists were the 18-34 and 35-39 age groups. Gender-wise cyclists split about 60 percent male and 40 percent female,23 percent of utilitarian cyclists continue to cycle through the winter whereas only 5 percent of recreational cyclists do the same. Bicycle ownership and recreational cyclists levels were fairly level across the city, utility cycling, however, is much higher in Central Toronto. Utilitarian cyclists are more concerned about careless drivers, poor road conditions and car doors opening in comparison to non-cyclists. The majority of collisions occurred at intersections, and most of those involved motor-vehicle turning manoeuvres, away from intersections, collisions most often involved a motorist overtaking a cyclist, or opening a car-door in the path of a cyclist. In the central area of the city, the most frequent type of collision involved a motorist opening their car-door in the path of a cyclist, almost 30% of the cyclists were cycling on the sidewalk immediately prior to their collisions. Toronto has an official Toronto Bike Plan to create a citywide cycling network of on-road, off-road bikeways, signage, the other major prong of the bike plan is education and promotion to reduce the number of collisions/falls and to increase the number of people who bike. The Bike Plan is a program to dramatically expand the network through on-road bike lanes, signed routes. The goal is that by 2011 any cyclist in the city proper should be within a five-minute ride of a bike route. The network is planned for 1000 km of bikeways including 500 km of bike lanes. As of 2008 about 400 kilometres of the 1000 km proposed bikeway network is in place, two major off-road paved trails along the Don and Humber river valleys provide a backbone for transport on the east and west side of the downtown area. The two trails are connected by the Martin Goodman Trail along the lakeshore as part of the larger Waterfront Trail that goes along Lake Ontario
31.
Rob Ford
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Robert Bruce Rob Ford was a Canadian politician and businessman who served as the 64th mayor of Toronto from 2010 to 2014. Prior to and after his term as mayor, Ford was a city councillor representing Ward 2 of Etobicoke North and he was first elected to Toronto City Council in the 2000 Toronto municipal election, and was re-elected to his council seat twice. His political career, particularly his mayoralty, saw a number of personal and work-related controversies, in 2013, he became embroiled in a substance abuse scandal, which was widely reported in the national and international media. Following his admission, Ford refused to resign, but City Council handed over certain mayoral powers, John Tory succeeded him as mayor on December 1,2014, while Ford regained his former seat. Ford received treatment for the cancer, and was able to return to City Hall for a while, born in Etobicoke, Canada in 1969, Ford was the youngest of four children of Ruth Diane and Douglas Bruce Ford, Sr. His paternal grandparents were English immigrants, Ford, Sr. Fords brother Doug Ford, Jr. was the Toronto City Councillor for Ward 2 Etobicoke North in Toronto, Canada, from 2010 to 2014, during Rob Fords term as mayor. Growing up, Rob Ford attended Scarlett Heights Collegiate in Etobicoke, Ford dreamed of becoming a professional football player, and his father paid for Ford to attend special camps of the Washington Redskins and the University of Notre Dame. After graduating from school, Ford went to Carleton University in Ottawa to study political science. Ford made the squad, but did not play in any games. Ford left Carleton after one year to return to Toronto and did not complete his degree, after Carleton, Ford started a sales job at Deco. After Doug Ford Sr. s death in 2006, the Ford family retained ownership of Deco Labels through the Doug Ford Holdings corporation, Ford, alongside his brothers and their mother was a director of the company. In 2000, Ford married Renata Brejniak, whom he had met in high school, Ford, Renata, their daughter Stephanie, and their son Doug, resided in Etobicoke. In 2008, after a 9-1-1 call from the Ford home, Ford was charged with assault, the Crown attorney said there was no reasonable prospect of conviction because there were credibility issues with allegations by Fords wife due to inconsistencies in her statements. Ford said at the time that he was glad the ordeal was over, in two separate incidents, on October 25,2011, and again on December 25,2011, police were called to Fords home to investigate domestic disputes. No charges were filed for either incident, further domestic incident calls to police occurred in 2012 and on August 27,2013. Ford continued his involvement in football as a school coach. Ford first coached at Newtonbrook Secondary School in 2001 until he was dismissed over a dispute with a player, Ford had donated $20,000 to equip the Don Bosco team and started a foundation to fund teams at other schools struggling to field football teams. In January 2014, Scott MacIntyre, the former spouse of Fords sister
32.
Sherbourne Street, Toronto
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Sherbourne Street is an important roadway in Downtown Toronto. It is one of the streets in the old city of York. It was named by Samuel Ridout in 1845 after the town in Dorset, England, a streetcar ran down Sherbourne from 1874-1942. In the early 2000s City Council chose Sherbourne as one of the first streets in Toronto to be retrofitted with dedicated bike lanes, media related to Sherbourne Street, Toronto at Wikimedia Commons
33.
Toronto Star
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The Toronto Star is a Canadian broadsheet daily newspaper. It is owned by Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd. a division of Star Media Group, the Star was first printed on Toronto World presses, and at its formation The World owned a 51% interest in it as a silent partner. That arrangement only lasted for two months, during time it was rumoured that William Findlay Billy Maclean, the Worlds proprietor, was considering selling the Star to the Riordon family. After an extensive fundraising campaign among the Star staff, Maclean agreed to sell his interest to Hocken, the paper did poorly in its first few years. Hocken sold out within the year, and several owners followed in succession until Sir William Mackenzie bought it in 1896 and its new editors, Edmund E. Sheppard and Frederic Nicholls, moved the entire Star operation into the same building used by the magazine Saturday Night. This would continue until Joseph E, holy Joe Atkinson, backed by funds raised by supporters of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, bought the paper. The supporters included Senator George Cox, William Mulock, Peter Charles Larkin, Atkinson was the Stars editor from 1899 until his death in 1948. Its early opposition and criticism of the Nazi regime saw the paper one of the first North American papers to be banned in Germany. He championed many causes that would come to be associated with the welfare state, old age pensions, unemployment insurance. The Government of Canada Digital Collections website describes Atkinson as a radical in the best sense of that term, the Star was unique among North American newspapers in its consistent, ongoing advocacy of the interests of ordinary people. The friendship of Atkinson, the publisher, with Mackenzie King, Atkinson became the controlling shareholder of the Star. The Star was frequently criticized for practising the yellow journalism of its era, for decades, the paper included heavy doses of crime and sensationalism, along with advocating social change. From 1910 to 1973, the Star published a weekend supplement, shortly before his death in 1948, Joseph E. Atkinson transferred ownership of the paper to a charitable organization given the mandate of continuing the papers liberal tradition. In 1949, the Province of Ontario passed the Charitable Gifts Act, barring charitable organizations from owning parts of profit-making businesses. It would continue to supply sponsored content to the CRBCs station CRCT, in 1971, the newspaper was renamed The Toronto Star and moved to a modern office tower at One Yonge Street by Queens Quay. The original Star Building at 80 King Street West was demolished to make room for First Canadian Place, the new building originally housed the papers presses. In 1992, the plant was moved to the Toronto Star Press Centre at the Highway 407 &400 interchange in Vaughan. In September 2002, the logo was changed, and The was dropped from the papers, during the 2003 blackout, the Star printed the paper at a press in Welland, Ontario
34.
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
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The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian crown corporation that serves as the national public radio and television broadcaster. Although some local stations in Canada predate CBCs founding, CBC is the oldest existing broadcasting network in Canada, Radio services include CBC Radio One, CBC Radio 2, Ici Radio-Canada Première, Ici Musique and the international radio service Radio Canada International. Television operations include CBC Television, Ici Radio-Canada Télé, CBC News Network, Ici RDI, Ici Explora, Documentary Channel, the CBC operates services for the Canadian Arctic under the names CBC North and Radio-Canada Nord. The radio service employed commercials from its inception to 1974, since then, its primary radio networks, like the BBC, have been commercial-free. However, in the fall of 2013, CBCs secondary radio networks Radio 2, in 1929, the Aird Commission on public broadcasting recommended the creation of a national radio broadcast network. A major concern was the influence of American radio broadcasting as U. S. -based networks began to expand into Canada. Meanwhile, Canadian National Railways was making a network to keep its passengers entertained and give it an advantage over its rival. This, the CNR Radio, is the forerunner of the CBC, Graham Spry and Alan Plaunt lobbied intensely for the project on behalf of the Canadian Radio League. In 1932 the government of R. B. Bennett established the CBCs predecessor, the CRBC took over a network of radio stations formerly set up by a federal Crown corporation, the Canadian National Railway. The network was used to broadcast programming to riders aboard its passenger trains, with coverage primarily in central, on November 2,1936, the CRBC was reorganised under its present name. While the CRBC was a company, the CBC was a Crown corporation on the model of the BBC. Leonard Brockington was the CBCs first chairman, for the next few decades, the CBC was responsible for all broadcasting innovation in Canada. This was in part because, until 1958, it was not only a broadcaster and it used this dual role to snap up most of the clear-channel licences in Canada. It began a separate French-language radio network in 1937 and it introduced FM radio to Canada in 1946, though a distinct FM service wasnt launched until 1960. Television broadcasts from the CBC began on September 6,1952, with the opening of a station in Montreal, Quebec, the CBCs first privately owned affiliate television station, CKSO in Sudbury, Ontario, launched in October 1953. From 1944 to 1962, the CBC split its English-language radio network into two known as the Trans-Canada Network and the Dominion Network. The latter, carrying lighter programs including American radio shows, was dissolved in 1962, on July 1,1958, CBCs television signal was extended from coast to coast. The first Canadian television show shot in colour was the CBCs own The Forest Rangers in 1963, colour television broadcasts began on July 1,1966, and full-colour service began in 1974
35.
The Globe and Mail
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The Globe and Mail is a nationally distributed Canadian newspaper owned by The Woodbridge Company, based in Toronto and printed in six cities across the country. The Globe and Mail is regarded by some as Canadas newspaper of record, the predecessor to The Globe and Mail was The Globe, founded in 1844 by Scottish immigrant George Brown, who became a Father of Confederation. Browns liberal politics led him to court the support of the Clear Grits and he selected as the motto for the editorial page a quotation from Junius, The subject who is truly loyal to the Chief Magistrate will neither advise nor submit to arbitrary measures. The quotation is carried on the page to this day. By the 1850s, The Globe had become an independent and well-regarded daily newspaper and it began distribution by railway to other cities in Ontario shortly after Canadian Confederation. At the dawn of the century, The Globe added photography, a womens section, and the slogan Canadas National Newspaper. It began opening bureaus and offering subscriptions across Canada, on 23 November 1936, The Globe merged with The Mail and Empire, itself formed through the 1895 merger of two conservative newspapers, The Toronto Mail and Toronto Empire. Press reports at the stated, the minnow swallowed the whale because The Globes circulation was smaller than The Mail. The merger was arranged by George McCullagh, who fronted for mining magnate William Henry Wright and became the first publisher of The Globe, McCullagh committed suicide in 1952, and the newspaper was sold to the Webster family of Montreal. As the paper lost ground to The Toronto Star in the local Toronto market, the newspaper was unionised in 1955, under the banner of the American Newspaper Guild. From 1937 until 1974, the newspaper was produced at the William H, in 1965, the paper was bought by Winnipeg-based FP Publications, controlled by Bryan Maheswary, which owned a chain of local Canadian newspapers. FP put an emphasis on the Report on Business section that was launched in 1962. FP Publications and The Globe and Mail were sold in 1980 to The Thomson Corporation, after the acquisition there were few changes made in editorial or news policy. However, there was more attention paid to national and international news on the editorial, op-ed, the Globe and Mail has always been a morning newspaper. Since the 1980s, it has been printed in editions in six Canadian cities, Halifax, Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg, Calgary. Southern Ontario Newspaper Guild employees took their first ever strike vote at The Globe in 1982 and those negotiations ended without a strike, and the Globe unit of SONG still has a strike-free record. SONG members voted in 1994 to sever ties with the American-focused Newspaper Guild, shortly afterwards, SONG affiliated with the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada. Under the editorship of William Thorsell in the 1980s and 1990s, during this period, the paper continued to favour such socially liberal policies as decriminalizing drugs and expanding gay rights
36.
Toronto Sun
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The Toronto Sun is an English-language daily tabloid newspaper published in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is known for its daily Sunshine Girl feature and its populist conservative editorial stance, the Sun was first published on November 1,1971, the Monday after the demise of the Toronto Telegram, a conservative broadsheet. As there was no publishing gap between the two papers and many of the Telys writers and employees moved to the new paper, it is generally considered as a direct continuation of the Telegram. The Sun is the holder of the Telegram archives, traditionally on page 3, in the 1990s the Sunshine Girl feature was relocated to the Sports section. As of the end of 2007, the Sun had a Monday through Saturday circulation of approximately 180,000 papers, the Sun is owned by Postmedia following the 2015 purchase of Sun Media from Quebecor. Torstar, the parent company of the Toronto Star, once attempted to purchase the Sun, by the mid-2000s, the word The was dropped from the papers name and the newspaper adopted its current logo. The Toronto Suns first editor was Peter Worthington and he assumed the title editor-in-chief in 1976, resigned in 1982 to protest the newspapers takeover by Maclean-Hunter but remained a columnist for the paper until his death in 2013. He was succeeded by Barbara Amiel who, in turn, was succeeded by John Downing, the current editor-in-chief is Adrienne Batra, the publisher is Mike Power. The Toronto Sun was originally published out of leased space at the Eclipse White Wear Company Building at 322 King Street West. In 1975, the moved into the Toronto Sun Building at 333 King Street East which was eventually expanded to six storeys to house all of the newspapers operations. In 2010, the building was sold to property development company First Gulf, the move occurred in March 2016. Editorially, the paper frequently follows the positions of traditional Canadian/British conservatism and neo-conservatism in the United States on economic issues, in an endorsement of Stephen Harper in 2011, the paper stated From the day we took our first breath. Always stood for the advancement of small-c conservatism, and our demand for transparency in a smaller, editorials typically promote individualism, self-reliance, the police, and a strong military and support for troops. Editorials typically condemn high taxes and, most of all, perceived government waste, the paper typically editorializes with its headlines, which is unusual in Canada. In 2004, the Sun began its annual George Gross/Toronto Sun Sportsperson of the Year award, the Winnipeg Sun was originally launched by independent interests, only later coming under common ownership to the Toronto Sun, which subsequently elicited a redesign in Sun Media style. The Vancouver Sun is a broadsheet and was never a Sun Media newspaper
37.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
38.
Arterial road
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An arterial road or arterial thoroughfare is a high-capacity urban road. The primary function of a road is to deliver traffic from collector roads to freeways or expressways. As such, many arteries are limited-access roads, or feature restrictions on private access, though the design of arterial roads varies from country to country, city to city, and even within cities, they share a number of common design characteristics. For example, in cities, arteries are arranged in concentric circles or in a grid. Many jurisdictions also classify arterial roads as either principal or minor, in traffic engineering hierarchy, an arterial road delivers traffic between collector roads and freeways. For new arterial roads, intersections are often reduced to increase traffic flow, in California, arterial roads are usually spaced every half mile, and have intersecting collector and streets. The Traffic Engineering Handbook describes Arterials as being either principal or minor, both classes serve to carry longer-distance flows between important centers of activity. Arterials are laid out as the backbone of a network and should be designed to afford the highest level of service, as is practical. The construction and development of roads is achieved through two methods. By far the most common is the upgrading of an existing right-of-way during subdivision development, when existing structures prohibit the widening of an existing road however, bypasses are often constructed. Because of the placement and general continuity of arterial road corridors, sewers, water mains, conduits, in North America, traffic signals are used at most intersections. In Europe, large roundabouts are more commonly seen at the busier junctions, speed limits are typically between 30 and 50 mph, depending on the density of use of the surrounding development. In school zones, speeds may be reduced, likewise, in sparsely developed or rural areas. The width of arterial roads can range from four lanes to ten or more, some are divided at the center, while others share a common center lane, such as a contraflow lane or central turning lane. As with other types, environmental consequences derive from arterial roadways, including air pollution generation, noise pollution
39.
Browns Line
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The following is a list of the north–south arterial thoroughfares in the Canadian city of Toronto. The city is organized in a grid pattern dating back to the laid out by Augustus Jones between 1793 and 1797. Most streets are aligned in the north-south or east-west direction, based on the shoreline of Lake Ontario, in other words, major north–south roads are generally perpendicular to the Lake Ontario shoreline and major east–west roads are generally parallel to the lakes shoreline. The Toronto road system is influenced by its topography as some roads are aligned with the old Lake Iroquois shoreline. Minor streets with documented history or etymology are listed in a separate section, roads are listed alphabetically, but from west to east they are William R. The portion south of Sheppard Avenue is the section of the proposed Spadina Expressway. Allen Road is named after the late Metro Toronto Chairman William R. Allen, landmarks along the road include the Lawrence Square Shopping Centre, the Yorkdale Shopping Centre and Downsview Park. There are several stories relating to the origin of Avenue Road, the most popular legend retells that of an early surveying team travelling west along what is now Bloor Street. Upon reaching the location of the intersection with Avenue Road today, the lead surveyor, but this is almost certainly apocryphal, the street was probably named for its tree-lined character. Avenue Road is also a residential street that runs from Edgar Avenue north to Weldrick Road connecting the communities of Richvale and Yongehurst in Richmond Hill. Bathurst Street is named after Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst, henrys contributions to Toronto include organizing the successive waves of British settlers following the War of 1812, and granting the charter to the first university in the city, Kings College. Bathurst originally only referred to the south of Queen Street. In 1870, the north of Queen Street became part of Bathurst Street. It was known then as Crookshanks Lane, after Honourable George Crookshank. The road acted as a driveway to his 300-acre farm, Bay Street, used to be known as Bear Street, supposedly a reference to a noted chase given to a bear by settlers in that area. It is the centre of Torontos Financial District and is used as a metonym to refer to Canadas financial industry. The street was named when the land it occupies was annexed by the first expansion of York. Bay travelled from Lake Ontario to Lot Street, now Queen Street West, North of Queen Street and travelling to College Street was Teraulay Street
40.
Ontario Highway 27
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Kings Highway 27 is a short municipal highway in southern Ontario. Much of it is now cared for by the city of Toronto, York Region, the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario was once responsible for the length of the route, when it ran through much of Southern Ontario. Now only the southernmost 3 km from Dixon Road to Highway 427 is under provincial jurisdiction, Highway 27 followed a mostly straight route throughout its length. Between Toronto and the York–Simcoe boundary at Highway 9, it travelled along the 9th concession road of Vaughan and King Township, north of there it is generally parallel to the Highway 400 and Penetanguishene Road. North of Kleinburg, the vast majority of the highway was surrounded by rural farmland, south of there, it travelled through the suburbs of Toronto. The highway began at off-ramps from the lanes of Highway 427. Through Etobicoke, it encountered mostly industrial surroundings, within the Regional Municipality of York, Highway 27 passed along the western edge of suburban sprawl in Vaughan, near the community of Woodbridge. South of Kleinburg, the highway dipped into the Humber River valley, north of Highway 9, the route curved 1.5 km to the east, then continued north, parallel to Highway 400. It travelled through the village of Bond Head and thereafter met Highway 89 in Cookstown, as the highway approached Barrie, it curved and followed Essa Road northeast until it met Highway 400. Through Barrie, it was concurrent with Highway 400 between Exit 94 and Exit 98, after which it was concurrent with Highway 26 along Bayfield Street, travelling north and exiting the city. At Midhurst, Highway 27 diverged from its concurrency to continue north, after passing through the village of Elmvale, the highway abruptly curved to the east, ending at Highway 93 south of Midland and Penetanguishene. Highway 27 was first designated between Barrie and Penetanguishene on September 141927, on March 28,1934 it was extended south to Schomberg via county roads south of Barrie. On August 12,1936, Browns Line and Eaton Road were designated as part of Highway 27, on the same date, the road between Schomberg and Kleinburg was designated as part of Highway 27, leaving a gap between Elder Mills and Kleinburg, through the Humber valley. This gap was closed beginning in late 1936 and it was completed and opened to traffic in 1938, bringing Highway 27 to its peak length of 148 km. In the mid-1950s, the Toronto Bypass was constructed between Highway 2A and the Queen Elizabeth Way, widening Highway 27 to a four lane freeway in the process and this section was reconstructed again throughout the 1960s into a twelve-lane collector-express system. In mid-1972, the section of Highway 27 south of Eglinton Avenue was re-designated as Browns Line, on June 21,1968, a new bypass north of Schomberg opened. The new bypass made Highway 27 a through route at Highway 9, the remainder of the route, from Eglinton Avenue north to Penetanguishene, was decommissioned on January 1,1998. It is still known as Highway 27 within Toronto, but is locally maintained, north of Toronto, it is known as Regional / County Road 27, depending on the jurisdiction
41.
Martin Grove Road
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The following is a list of the north–south arterial thoroughfares in the Canadian city of Toronto. The city is organized in a grid pattern dating back to the laid out by Augustus Jones between 1793 and 1797. Most streets are aligned in the north-south or east-west direction, based on the shoreline of Lake Ontario, in other words, major north–south roads are generally perpendicular to the Lake Ontario shoreline and major east–west roads are generally parallel to the lakes shoreline. The Toronto road system is influenced by its topography as some roads are aligned with the old Lake Iroquois shoreline. Minor streets with documented history or etymology are listed in a separate section, roads are listed alphabetically, but from west to east they are William R. The portion south of Sheppard Avenue is the section of the proposed Spadina Expressway. Allen Road is named after the late Metro Toronto Chairman William R. Allen, landmarks along the road include the Lawrence Square Shopping Centre, the Yorkdale Shopping Centre and Downsview Park. There are several stories relating to the origin of Avenue Road, the most popular legend retells that of an early surveying team travelling west along what is now Bloor Street. Upon reaching the location of the intersection with Avenue Road today, the lead surveyor, but this is almost certainly apocryphal, the street was probably named for its tree-lined character. Avenue Road is also a residential street that runs from Edgar Avenue north to Weldrick Road connecting the communities of Richvale and Yongehurst in Richmond Hill. Bathurst Street is named after Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst, henrys contributions to Toronto include organizing the successive waves of British settlers following the War of 1812, and granting the charter to the first university in the city, Kings College. Bathurst originally only referred to the south of Queen Street. In 1870, the north of Queen Street became part of Bathurst Street. It was known then as Crookshanks Lane, after Honourable George Crookshank. The road acted as a driveway to his 300-acre farm, Bay Street, used to be known as Bear Street, supposedly a reference to a noted chase given to a bear by settlers in that area. It is the centre of Torontos Financial District and is used as a metonym to refer to Canadas financial industry. The street was named when the land it occupies was annexed by the first expansion of York. Bay travelled from Lake Ontario to Lot Street, now Queen Street West, North of Queen Street and travelling to College Street was Teraulay Street
42.
Kipling Avenue
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Kipling Avenue, originally named Mimico Avenue, is a street in the Cities of Toronto and Vaughan in Ontario, Canada. It is a road,6 concessions from Yonge Street. It consists of three sections, with total combined length of 26.4 km. Most of the road traverses residential neighbourhoods and pockets of industrial and commercial hubs, the street travels through the district of Etobicoke and passes such areas as New Toronto, Etobicoke Centre, Richview, and Rexdale. Originally named Mimico Avenue, the became a central street for the lake shore municipalities of New Toronto. It is believed that the street was named in honour of Rudyard Kipling, author of works as The Jungle Book. Kipling cancelled at the last moment, but the street retained the name, the Kipling Avenue section in the Town of New Toronto also reverted to its alternate name, Eighteenth Street, at least twice. The Toronto Transit Commissions 45 Kipling,44 Kipling South and 188 Kipling South Rocket bus routes operate from Kipling Station on the Bloor-Danforth line and these surface routes provide service along the length of the road. Kipling Avenue was extended south of Lake Shore Boulevard West with the development of the former Lakeshore Psychiatric Hospital grounds, in 2001 City Council renamed the southerly extension as Colonel Samuel Smith Park Drive, after rejecting the City Surveyors original suggestion of Eighteenth Street. The Six Points interchange with Bloor and Ontarios early Toronto-to-Hamilton highway, the street is now scheduled to be reconfigured to create an at-grade intersection. Film studio complex Kipling Studio located on 777 Kipling Avenue is part of Cinespace Film Studios. S. S and it ends abruptly at the Toronto-Vaughan border. North of that border, Kipling is a street and appears briefly from Highway 7 to Langstaff Road. Its original alignment becomes Clarence Street until Major Mackenzie Road and it begins abruptly again south of Teston Road before finally terminating at King-Vaughan Road. Kipling Collegiate Institute Google Maps of Kipling Avenue
43.
Islington Avenue
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The following is a list of the north–south arterial thoroughfares in the Canadian city of Toronto. The city is organized in a grid pattern dating back to the laid out by Augustus Jones between 1793 and 1797. Most streets are aligned in the north-south or east-west direction, based on the shoreline of Lake Ontario, in other words, major north–south roads are generally perpendicular to the Lake Ontario shoreline and major east–west roads are generally parallel to the lakes shoreline. The Toronto road system is influenced by its topography as some roads are aligned with the old Lake Iroquois shoreline. Minor streets with documented history or etymology are listed in a separate section, roads are listed alphabetically, but from west to east they are William R. The portion south of Sheppard Avenue is the section of the proposed Spadina Expressway. Allen Road is named after the late Metro Toronto Chairman William R. Allen, landmarks along the road include the Lawrence Square Shopping Centre, the Yorkdale Shopping Centre and Downsview Park. There are several stories relating to the origin of Avenue Road, the most popular legend retells that of an early surveying team travelling west along what is now Bloor Street. Upon reaching the location of the intersection with Avenue Road today, the lead surveyor, but this is almost certainly apocryphal, the street was probably named for its tree-lined character. Avenue Road is also a residential street that runs from Edgar Avenue north to Weldrick Road connecting the communities of Richvale and Yongehurst in Richmond Hill. Bathurst Street is named after Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst, henrys contributions to Toronto include organizing the successive waves of British settlers following the War of 1812, and granting the charter to the first university in the city, Kings College. Bathurst originally only referred to the south of Queen Street. In 1870, the north of Queen Street became part of Bathurst Street. It was known then as Crookshanks Lane, after Honourable George Crookshank. The road acted as a driveway to his 300-acre farm, Bay Street, used to be known as Bear Street, supposedly a reference to a noted chase given to a bear by settlers in that area. It is the centre of Torontos Financial District and is used as a metonym to refer to Canadas financial industry. The street was named when the land it occupies was annexed by the first expansion of York. Bay travelled from Lake Ontario to Lot Street, now Queen Street West, North of Queen Street and travelling to College Street was Teraulay Street
44.
Royal York Road
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Royal York Road, historically known as Church Street or New Church Street, is a north-south arterial road in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is a road,5 concessions west of Yonge Street, and runs through many residential neighbourhoods, most notably Mimico. It is classified as an arterial road by the city of Toronto. The road begins in the south near the shoreline of Lake Ontario and it then travels through the neighbourhoods of Mimico, the Queensway, Sunnylea, the Kingsway, and Humber Valley Village. It also serves as the boundary for two neighbourhoods north of Eglinton Avenue, Richview, and Humber Heights, the road crosses three creeks, Mimico Creek, and two tributaries of the Humber River, Humber Creek, and Silver Creek. Royal York Road officially ends at Dixon Road, but its alignment continues north as St. Phillips Road. Weston Road continues north on the concession as Royal York. Royal York Road started out as a street in Mimico called Church Street when the village was settled in the late 19th century. During this time, it was a road north of there. This changed in the 1920s when The Kingsway was developed, at this point, the paved section extended up to Eglinton Avenue. The entire road would finally be paved by the 1950s when the areas were developed. Royal York Road has recently undergone several reconstruction projects, the Toronto Transit Commission provides bus services along Royal York Road. Royal York subway station on the Bloor-Danforth line is the transit terminal that these services feed into. There are two routes that serve parts of Royal York because they use it to feed into the subway. These routes are,48 Rathburn, and 15 Evans, the Mimico GO Station on the Lakeshore West line provides commuter rail service to downtown, and other areas in the Greater Toronto Area, such as Hamilton, and Oakville
45.
Weston Road
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Weston Road is a north-south street in west end of Toronto and western York Region Ontario, Canada. The road is named for the former Village of Weston, Toronto, in the south, Weston Road begins at St. Clair Avenue opposite the north end of the southern leg of Keele Street. Weston Rd. then travels diagonally in a direction to Highway 401, passing through Mount Dennis at Eglinton Avenue. North of the 401, it is a road following the former Sixth Concession Road West to Steeles Avenue. Most of Weston Road is a principal arterial road through residential areas. The speed limit south of Finch Avenue is 50 km/h, which increases to 60 km/h between Finch and Steeles, additionally, there is an Old Weston Road, part of the original road that continues near and somewhat parallel to Weston in the environs of its southern terminus. It essentially runs as an extension of Davenport Road, running northwards towards Rogers Road and it passes through the neighbourhood of Silverthorne. It starts at Dundas Street and Dupont and it once ran directly north from there to St. Clair, but this road was closed in the 1970s and has since been removed south of Junction Road. North of the Toronto city limits at Steeles Avenue, Weston Road enters York Region, running parallel to Highway 400, it passes through the two western municipalities of York Region, Vaughan in the south and King in the north. The speed limit through York Region is 60 km/h, the northern terminus of the road is at Highway 9 in the Holland Marsh. Weston Road was first laid out in the first decade of the 1800s to connect Dundas Street to the village of Weston and this followed the route of what is today Old Weston Road, then the route of the current Weston Road north to Weston. Between 1810 and 1820, it was extended north to Vaughan Township, in 1841, the route was bought by private interests and it became the Weston Plank Road, a toll road of planks. The Weston Plank Road extended from Dundas Street north to Mussons Bridge over the Humber, the company built its headquarters at St. Phillip Road and Weston Road. The building exists today at 2371 Weston Road, in 1846, the Weston Plank Road Company built Albion Plank Road from Mussons bridge north-west to Bolton. In the 1850s, the roads were assumed by the township, two bus routes serve Weston Road,89 Weston and 165 Weston Road North. The road is mentioned on Toronto native Drakes 2016 album Views, list of numbered roads in York Region Google Maps of Weston Road Google Maps of Old Weston Road
46.
Scarlett Road
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The following is a list of the north–south arterial thoroughfares in the Canadian city of Toronto. The city is organized in a grid pattern dating back to the laid out by Augustus Jones between 1793 and 1797. Most streets are aligned in the north-south or east-west direction, based on the shoreline of Lake Ontario, in other words, major north–south roads are generally perpendicular to the Lake Ontario shoreline and major east–west roads are generally parallel to the lakes shoreline. The Toronto road system is influenced by its topography as some roads are aligned with the old Lake Iroquois shoreline. Minor streets with documented history or etymology are listed in a separate section, roads are listed alphabetically, but from west to east they are William R. The portion south of Sheppard Avenue is the section of the proposed Spadina Expressway. Allen Road is named after the late Metro Toronto Chairman William R. Allen, landmarks along the road include the Lawrence Square Shopping Centre, the Yorkdale Shopping Centre and Downsview Park. There are several stories relating to the origin of Avenue Road, the most popular legend retells that of an early surveying team travelling west along what is now Bloor Street. Upon reaching the location of the intersection with Avenue Road today, the lead surveyor, but this is almost certainly apocryphal, the street was probably named for its tree-lined character. Avenue Road is also a residential street that runs from Edgar Avenue north to Weldrick Road connecting the communities of Richvale and Yongehurst in Richmond Hill. Bathurst Street is named after Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst, henrys contributions to Toronto include organizing the successive waves of British settlers following the War of 1812, and granting the charter to the first university in the city, Kings College. Bathurst originally only referred to the south of Queen Street. In 1870, the north of Queen Street became part of Bathurst Street. It was known then as Crookshanks Lane, after Honourable George Crookshank. The road acted as a driveway to his 300-acre farm, Bay Street, used to be known as Bear Street, supposedly a reference to a noted chase given to a bear by settlers in that area. It is the centre of Torontos Financial District and is used as a metonym to refer to Canadas financial industry. The street was named when the land it occupies was annexed by the first expansion of York. Bay travelled from Lake Ontario to Lot Street, now Queen Street West, North of Queen Street and travelling to College Street was Teraulay Street
47.
Jane Street (Toronto)
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The following is a list of the north–south arterial thoroughfares in the Canadian city of Toronto. The city is organized in a grid pattern dating back to the laid out by Augustus Jones between 1793 and 1797. Most streets are aligned in the north-south or east-west direction, based on the shoreline of Lake Ontario, in other words, major north–south roads are generally perpendicular to the Lake Ontario shoreline and major east–west roads are generally parallel to the lakes shoreline. The Toronto road system is influenced by its topography as some roads are aligned with the old Lake Iroquois shoreline. Minor streets with documented history or etymology are listed in a separate section, roads are listed alphabetically, but from west to east they are William R. The portion south of Sheppard Avenue is the section of the proposed Spadina Expressway. Allen Road is named after the late Metro Toronto Chairman William R. Allen, landmarks along the road include the Lawrence Square Shopping Centre, the Yorkdale Shopping Centre and Downsview Park. There are several stories relating to the origin of Avenue Road, the most popular legend retells that of an early surveying team travelling west along what is now Bloor Street. Upon reaching the location of the intersection with Avenue Road today, the lead surveyor, but this is almost certainly apocryphal, the street was probably named for its tree-lined character. Avenue Road is also a residential street that runs from Edgar Avenue north to Weldrick Road connecting the communities of Richvale and Yongehurst in Richmond Hill. Bathurst Street is named after Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst, henrys contributions to Toronto include organizing the successive waves of British settlers following the War of 1812, and granting the charter to the first university in the city, Kings College. Bathurst originally only referred to the south of Queen Street. In 1870, the north of Queen Street became part of Bathurst Street. It was known then as Crookshanks Lane, after Honourable George Crookshank. The road acted as a driveway to his 300-acre farm, Bay Street, used to be known as Bear Street, supposedly a reference to a noted chase given to a bear by settlers in that area. It is the centre of Torontos Financial District and is used as a metonym to refer to Canadas financial industry. The street was named when the land it occupies was annexed by the first expansion of York. Bay travelled from Lake Ontario to Lot Street, now Queen Street West, North of Queen Street and travelling to College Street was Teraulay Street
48.
Keele Street
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Keele Street is a north-south road in Toronto and York Region in Ontario, Canada. It stretches 47 km, running from Bloor Street in Toronto to the Holland Marsh, South of Bloor Street, the roadway is today known as Parkside Drive, but was originally part of Keele Street. It was renamed in 1921 by the City of Toronto, most of Keele runs directly along a former concession road allowance. Keele street was named for businessman and farmer William Conway Keele who lived in what is West Toronto Junction or Lambton Mills area. Parkside Drive begins at Lake Shore Boulevard near Sunnyside Beach, site of the former Sunnyside Amusement Park and it runs north forming the eastern boundary to High Park until Bloor Street. To the east is the Roncesvalles neighbourhood, North of Bloor it becomes Keele. It runs through the residential High Park North neighbourhood and into the Junction and it passes near the once important CPR West Toronto Yard. While Keele originally ran north, today there is a brief cut-off to deviate around the Canadian National and Canadian Pacific Railway corridors. It resumes south of Eglinton Avenue, and connects with Weston Road by Rogers Road, there is a minor jog at Eglinton, via Trethewey Drive and Yore Road. The road servers major arteries for suburban neighbourhoods in York and North York such as Silverthorn, Amesbury, North of Highway 401 it passes by Downsview Airport and forms the border between the residential neighbourhoods to the west and the large Keele-Finch industrial area to the east. Keele also forms the border of York University. At Steeles Avenue, the road allowance between the former North York and Vaughan Townships was connected in the early 1960s, North of Steeles, in York region, Keele continues to pass through industrial areas. It runs to the west of the MacMillan Yard, Canadas largest rail yard, North of Rutherford Road Keele Street is the main street for Maple, once a small town, but today a rapidly growing suburb. North of Maple, Keele Street passes through rural areas. The Toronto Suburban Railway ran streetcars along Keele from Dundas West to Weston Rd to connect to Lambton, Weston, the Toronto Transit Commission took over the Toronto Suburban Railway routes in the 1920s, and continued to run the northwestern streetcars on behalf of York Township. The streetcar lines were converted to buses in the late 1940s, today Keele is served by the 41 Keele bus route, which runs from Keele subway station to Steeles. North of Steeles the TTC operates the 107 Keele North on behalf of York Region and it runs along Keele to Teston Road in Vaughan. York Region Transit also operates the 22 King City along Keele, the high speed Viva Purple line also runs along a portion of Keele between Steeles and Highway 7
Media related to Jarvis Street, Toronto at Wikimedia Commons
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