1.
Jay Gould
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Jason Jay Gould was a leading American railroad developer and speculator. He has been referred to as one of the robber barons of the Gilded Age. He was hated and reviled, but some historians like Walter R. Borneman and Maury Klein. Jason Gould was born in Roxbury, New York to Mary More and his maternal grandfather, Alexander T. More, was a businessman, and his great-grandfather John More was a Scottish immigrant who founded the town of Moresville, New York. Jay Gould studied at schools and the Hobart Academy in Hobart, Delaware County. As a young boy, Gould decided he wanted nothing to do with farming which was what his father did, and so his father dropped him off at a school with 50 cents. His principal was credited with getting him a job working as a bookkeeper for a blacksmith, a year later the blacksmith offered him half interest in the blacksmith shop, which he sold to his father during the early part of 1854. Gould devoted himself to study, emphasizing surveying and mathematics. In 1854, Gould surveyed and created maps of the Ulster County, in 1856 he published History of Delaware County, and Border Wars of New York, which he had spent several years writing. In 1856, Gould entered a partnership with Zadock Pratt to create a business in Pennsylvania in what would become Gouldsboro. Eventually, he bought out Pratt, who retired, in 1856, Gould entered another partnership with Charles Mortimer Leupp, a son-in-law of Gideon Lee, and one of the leading leather merchants in the United States at the time. Leupp and Gould was a partnership until the Panic of 1857. Leupp lost all his money, while Gould took advantage of the opportunity of the depreciation of property value, after the death of Charles Leupp, the Gouldsboro Tannery became a disputed property. Leupps brother-in-law, David W. Lee, who was also a partner in Leupp and Gould and he believed that Gould had cheated the Leupp and Lee families in the collapse of the business. Eventually, Gould took physical possession, but was forced to sell his shares in the company to Lees brother. In 1859 Gould began speculative investing by buying stock in small railways, Gould purchased stock for 10 cents on the dollar, which left him in control of the company. Through the Civil War era, he did more speculation on railroad stocks in New York City, in 1863 he was appointed manager of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad. The Erie Railroad encountered financial troubles in the 1850s, despite receiving loans from financiers Cornelius Vanderbilt, the Erie entered receivership in 1859 and was reorganized as the Erie Railway
2.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
3.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
4.
Elliott Gould
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Elliott Gould is an American actor. He began acting in Hollywood films during the 1960s, more recently, he has gained recognition for his recurring supporting roles as Jack Geller on Friends, as Reuben Tishkoff in the Oceans Trilogy, and as Ezra Goldman in Ray Donovan. Until its cancellation, he had a role in the TV series Doubt. Gould was born in Brooklyn, New York and his mother, Lucille, sold artificial flowers to beauty shops, and his father, Bernard Goldstein, worked in the garment business as a textiles buyer. His family was Jewish, and his grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine, Poland and he graduated from the Professional Childrens School. Gould began acting in the Broadway theatre in the late 1950s, other credits include Irma La Douce, Say, Darling, Drat. He purchased the rights to Little Murders, and in addition to acting in the film version. As a film actor, Goulds performance in Paul Mazurskys 1969 comedy Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice proved to be his breakout role, indeed, he earned a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He is perhaps best known for playing Trapper John in Robert Altmans satirical 1970 film MASH, time magazine placed him on one of its covers in 1970, when he was at the brief height of his long career, calling him a star for an uptight age. Gould played the detective Philip Marlowe in Altmans 1973 film noir The Long Goodbye and he soon collaborated with Altman again, as a gambling addict alongside George Segal in California Split. He later cameoed as himself in the Altman films Nashville and The Player, also in 1980, Gould filmed two movies for Disney studios, The Last Flight of Noahs Ark and The Devil and Max Devlin, in which he co-starred with Bill Cosby. Other notable roles during this time include performances in A Bridge Too Far, Capricorn One, and he starred in a sitcom called E/R in 1984–1985, and had a notable recurring guest role on Friends as Jack Geller, the father of Monica and Ross Geller. More recently he has had a prominent recurring role on Ray Donovan and had a role in the sitcom Mulaney. Gould received critical praise for his performances as a mobster in Warren Beattys 1991 film Bugsy. He also co-starred as Reuben Tishkoff in the caper film Oceans Eleven and its sequels, Oceans Twelve. Other recent films roles include supporting turns in Contagion and Ruby Sparks and he has also loaned his voice to several animated series, most notable among them, the Disney Channel animated series Kim Possible and the 2006 video game Scarface, The World Is Yours. Gould currently serves on the Screen Actors Guild National Board of Directors, Gould has said that he has a very deep Jewish identity. He has been married three times, twice to the woman, Barbra Streisand Jennifer Bogart
5.
Barbra Streisand
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Barbara Joan Barbra Streisand is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and filmmaker. She is among a group of entertainers who have been honored with an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award. Streisand is one of the music artists of all time, with more than 68.5 million albums in the United States. She starred in the critically acclaimed Funny Girl, for which she won the Academy Award, with the release of Yentl in 1983, Streisand became the first woman to write, produce, direct, and star in a major studio film. The film won an Oscar for Best Score and a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Musical, Streisand received the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, the first woman to win that award. The RIAA and Billboard recognize Streisand as holding the record for the most top 10 albums of any recording artist. According to Billboard, Streisand holds the record for the female with the most number one albums, Billboard also recognizes Streisand as the greatest female of all time on its Billboard 200 chart and one of the greatest artists of all time on its Hot 100 chart. Barbara Joan Streisand was born on April 24,1942, in Brooklyn, New York and her mother had been a soprano singer in her youth and considered a career in music, but later became a school secretary. Her father was a school teacher at the same school. Streisands family was Jewish, her grandparents emigrated from Galicia and her maternal grandparents from the Russian Empire. Her father earned a degree from City College of New York in 1928 and was considered athletic. As a student, he spent his summers outdoors, once working as a lifeguard, hed try anything, his sister Molly said. He married Ida in 1930, two years after graduating, and became a respected educator with a focus on helping underprivileged. In August 1943, a few months after Streisands first birthday, her father died suddenly at age 34 from complications from an epileptic seizure, the family fell into near-poverty, with her mother working as a low-paid bookkeeper. As an adult, Streisand remembered those early years as always feeling like an outcast, explaining and her mother tried to pay their bills but could not give her daughter the attention she craved, When I wanted love from my mother, she gave me food, Streisand says. Streisand recalls that her mother had a voice and sang semi-professionally on occasion. During a visit to the Catskills when Streisand was thirteen, she told Rosie ODonnell, she and that session was the first time Streisand ever asserted herself as an artist, which also became her first moment of inspiration as an artist. She has a brother, Sheldon, and a half-sister
6.
Josh Brolin
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Josh James Brolin is an American actor. His first role was in the 1985 film The Goonies, other roles include Hollow Man, In the Valley of Elah, American Gangster, True Grit, and Sin City, A Dame to Kill For. In 2015, he appeared in Everest and Sicario, Brolin was born in Santa Monica, California, the son of Jane Cameron, a wildlife activist who was a native of Corpus Christi, Texas, and actor James Brolin. Brolin was raised on a ranch in Templeton, California, with exposure to his fathers acting career. His parents divorced when he was 16 years old, in 1998 his father married his third wife, singer/actress Barbra Streisand. Brolin became interested in acting after taking an acting class in high school. Brolin explained in a 2014 interview that during his teenage years, in his description of the group, he stated, It was Santa Barbara. You either had the children of rich, neglectful parents or children of poor, neglectful parents, but we basically grew up the same way. Ive never seen a group like that before or since. He admitted to stealing cars to pay for his use, which included heroin, a drug that he explained he did not like, I mean, I never got into it and I never died from it. The majority of the friends whom he grew up with died, Brolin started his career in TV films and guest spots on TV shows before getting a more notable role as Brand Walsh in the Richard Donner-directed film The Goonies. He was considered for the role of Tom Hanson in the series 21 Jump Street, he and Johnny Depp were the finalists for the role, the role was ultimately awarded to Depp. Brolin guest-starred in an episode of the show in its first season, Brolin implied that he turned away from film acting for years after the premiere of his second film, Thrashin, where he witnessed what he called horrendous acting on his part. For several years, he appeared in roles in Rochester, New York, often alongside mentor. One of Brolins more prominent roles early in his career was that of Wild Bill Hickok in the ABC western TV series The Young Riders, which lasted three seasons. Two other TV series he was involved in include the Aaron Spelling production Winnetka Road and Mister Sterling and he also played the lead role in the Coen brothers Academy Award-winning film No Country for Old Men. Brolin also starred in another Oliver Stone film in 2008 called W. a biopic about key events in the life of President George W. Bush, Stone pursued an initially hesitant Brolin for the role. He made news by wearing a White Knot to the Academy Awards ceremony to demonstrate solidarity with the equality movement
7.
James Brolin
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James Brolin is an American actor, producer, and director, best known for his roles in film and television, including sitcoms and soap operas. He is the father of actor Josh Brolin and husband of singer/actress Barbra Streisand, among other awards, Brolin has won two Golden Globes and an Emmy. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on August 27,1998, Brolin was born Craig Kenneth Bruderlin in Los Angeles, California. The eldest of two brothers and two sisters, he was the son of Helen Sue, a housewife, and Henry Hurst Bruderlin, the family settled in Westwood after his birth. As a young child, he was more interested in animals and airplanes. As a teenaged filmgoer in the mid-1950s, he was fascinated with actor James Dean. When his parents invited a director over to his familys house for dinner before auditioning, he met fellow actor and classmate, Ryan ONeal. The two clicked and later enrolled in University High School located in West Los Angeles, however, Bruderlins own acting exposed his stifling shyness. His assurance grew when ONeal invited him to a casting agency, Brolin graduated from high school in 1958, and his family was already encouraging him to become an actor like ONeal. Prior to taking acting classes in school, Brolin started out as an actor on an episode of Bus Stop in 1961. The part led to parts in television productions such as Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, Margie, Love, American Style, Twelve OClock High and The Long. He also had a role on the short-lived television series The Monroes. At the age of 20 he changed his surname from Bruderlin to Brolin to become James Brolin and he signed a contract with 20th Century Fox. While in school struggling to make it big, he met actor Clint Eastwood, Brolin also had small roles in several films including Take Her, Shes Mine, Dear Brigitte, Von Ryans Express, Fantastic Voyage. The following year, his first big role was in The Cape Town Affair, Brolin was ultimately fired by 20th Century Fox. During the 1970s, the 6 ft 4 inch Brolin began appearing in leading roles in films, including Skyjacked, and Westworld. By the mid 1970s, he was a leading man in films, starring in Gable and Lombard, The Car, Capricorn One, The Amityville Horror, Night of the Juggler. When Roger Moore expressed his desire to leave the role of James Bond, ultimately, however, Moore decided to continue in the series
8.
Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
9.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
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