1.
Mississauga
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Mississauga /ˌmɪsɪˈsɒɡə/ is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Situated in Southern Ontario, it lies on the shores of Lake Ontario in the Regional Municipality of Peel and it is part of the Greater Toronto Area, to the west of Toronto. The city has a population of 721,599 as of the Canada 2016 Census, a suburb of Toronto, Mississaugas growth is attributed to its proximity to that city. It is the largest suburb in Anglo-America by population, in recent decades, the city has attracted a multicultural population and has plans for developing its downtown core. Residents of the city are called Mississaugans or Saugans, Toronto Pearson International Airport, Canadas busiest airport, is located in the city, and it is the location of many major corporate headquarters for Canada. At the time of the arrival of the Europeans in the 1600s, One of the First Nations groups the French traders found around the Credit River area were the Algonquian Mississaugas, a tribe originally from the Georgian Bay area. The name Mississauga comes from the Anishinaabe word Misi-zaagiing, meaning Great River-mouth, by 1700 the Mississaugas had driven away the Iroquois, yet during the Beaver Wars they played a neutral or post-emptive role. Toronto Township, consisting of most of present-day Mississauga, was formed on 2 August 1805 when officials from York purchased 84,000 acres of land from the Mississaugas. In January 2010, the Mississaugas and the government settled a land claim, in which the band of aboriginal people received $145,000,000, as just compensation for their land. The original villages settled included, Lakeview, Clarkson, Cooksville, Dixie, Erindale, Lorne Park, Port Credit, Sheridan and this region would become known as Toronto Township. Part of northeast Mississauga, including the Airport lands and Malton were part of Toronto Gore Township, a group of settlers from New York City arrived in the 1830s. The government wanted to compensate the Loyalists for property lost in the colonies, in 1820, the government purchased additional land from the Mississaugas. Additional settlements were established, including, Barbertown, Britannia, Burnhamthorpe, Derry West, Elmbank, Malton, Meadowvale Village, Mount Charles, european-Canadian growth led to the eventual displacement of the Mississaugas. In 1847, the government relocated them to a reserve in the Grand River Valley, in 1873, in light of the continued growth seen in this area much as a result of the many railway lines passing through the township which spurred on industry. The Toronto Township Council was formed to oversee the affairs of the villages that were unincorporated at that time. The Councils responsibilities included road maintenance, and the constitution of a police force, in the 1920s, cottages were constructed along the shores of Lake Ontario as weekend getaway houses for city dwellers. 17 years later in 1937,1,410.8 acres of land was sold to build the Malton Airport and it became Canadas busiest airport which also put the end to the community of Elmbank. The first prototypical suburban developments occurred around the time, in the area south of the Dixie Road/QEW interchange
2.
Ice hockey
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Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. In North America, the National Hockey League is the highest level for mens hockey, the Kontinental Hockey League is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation is the governing body for international ice hockey. The IIHF manages international tournaments and maintains the IIHF World Ranking, worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries. Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and these games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion, in international competitions, the national teams of six countries predominate, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in mens competition at the Olympics, in the annual Ice Hockey World Championships,177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. In Russia and the Ukraine, where hockey can also refer to bandy, the name hockey has no clear origin. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word hockey when he translated the proclamation in 1720, the 1573 Statute of Galway banned a sport called hokie—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves. A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage. According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word derives from the Scots Gaelic puc or the Irish poc. The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his caman or hurley is always called a puck. Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times, in Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on a surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a curved bat, a wooden or leather ball
3.
Centre (ice hockey)
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The centre in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice, away from the side boards. Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player, centres are ideally stronger, faster skaters who can back check quickly from deep in the opposing zone. Generally, centres are expected to be gifted passers more so than goal scorers and they are also expected to have exceptional ice vision, intelligence, and creativity. They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice, centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving. First-liners are usually the top players, although some top players make the line to allow for offensive scoring opportunities. Centres are required to cover much of the ice in all three zones, where the centre tends to play in the offensive zone is usually a matter of coaching and personal preference. Centres are responsible for keeping the flow of the moving, and generally handle. Because of this, most good centres tend to score rather than goals because the play goes through them as they try to find open teammates. Because the range of offensive styles teams like to use, exactly how centres are used in the zone is as varied as the players themselves. Generally the centres role on offence is to move the offence through himself, setting up other players and they roam around most areas of the ice in the zone and have a lot of freedom in decision making. They are also expected to constantly be in motion causing defenders to have a time tracking them. Zone Entry The matter of bringing the puck in the zone generally is accomplished in two ways, the first involves the teams best puck carrier using his speed and quickness to cross the blue line with the puck and set up the offence. Once the puck is freed the offence can then set up as normal, behind the net When a centres winger is being attacked along the boards, the centre can take position behind the net to receive the pressured wingers pass. Behind the net is a place for some centres to play. It is a difficult position to defend because it forces the opposing defencemen to leave the front of the net. It also gives the centre a view of the ice. From here the centre has clear passing lanes and minimizes the distance, in the slot Many centres use their mobility and freedom to take advantage of the slot area, the area in between the faceoff dots, about 5 to 15 feet from the goal. The slot area is notorious goalscoring territory because of its proximity to the net, centres like this area because of its openness
4.
National Hockey League
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Headquartered in New York City, the NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the playoff champion at the end of each season. At its inception, the NHL had four teams—all in Canada, the league expanded to the United States in 1924, when the Boston Bruins joined, and has since consisted of American and Canadian teams. After a labour-management dispute that led to the cancellation of the entire 2004–05 season, in 2009, the NHL enjoyed record highs in terms of sponsorships, attendance, and television audiences. The league draws many highly skilled players from all over the world, canadians have historically constituted the majority of the players in the league, with an increasing percentage of American and European players in recent seasons. The National Hockey League was established in 1917 as the successor to the National Hockey Association, founded in 1909, the NHA began play one year later with seven teams in Ontario and Quebec, and was one of the first major leagues in professional ice hockey. Realizing the NHA constitution left them unable to force Livingstone out, the four teams voted instead to suspend the NHA, frank Calder was chosen as its first president, serving until his death in 1943. The Bulldogs were unable to play, and the remaining owners created a new team in Toronto, the first games were played on December 19,1917. The Montreal Arena burned down in January 1918, causing the Wanderers to cease operations, the NHL replaced the NHA as one of the leagues that competed for the Stanley Cup, which was an interleague competition back then. Toronto won the first NHL title, and then defeated the Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association for the 1918 Stanley Cup. The Canadiens won the title in 1919, however their Stanley Cup Final against the PCHAs Seattle Metropolitans was abandoned as a result of the Spanish Flu epidemic. Montreal in 1924 won their first Stanley Cup as a member of the NHL, the Hamilton Tigers, won the regular season title in 1924–25 but refused to play in the championship series unless they were given a C$200 bonus. The league refused and declared the Canadiens the league champion after defeated the Toronto St. Patricks in the semi-final. Montreal was then defeated by the Victoria Cougars of the Western Canada Hockey League for the 1925 Stanley Cup and it was the last time a non-NHL team won the trophy, as the Stanley Cup became the de facto NHL championship in 1926 after the WCHL ceased operation. The National Hockey League embarked on rapid expansion in the 1920s, adding the Montreal Maroons, the Bruins were the first American team in the league. The New York Americans began play in 1925 after purchasing the assets of the Hamilton Tigers, the New York Rangers were added in 1926. The Chicago Black Hawks and Detroit Cougars were also added after the league purchased the assets of the defunct WCHL, a group purchased the Toronto St. Patricks in 1927 and immediately renamed them the Maple Leafs. The first NHL All-Star Game was held in 1934 to benefit Ace Bailey, the second was held in 1937 in support of Howie Morenzs family when he died of a coronary embolism after breaking his leg during a game
5.
Dallas Stars
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The Dallas Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in Dallas, Texas. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League, the team was founded during the 1967 NHL expansion as the Minnesota North Stars, based in Bloomington, Minnesota. Before the beginning of the 1978–79 NHL season, the merged with the Cleveland Barons after the league granted them permission due to each teams respective financial struggles. Ultimately, the relocated to Dallas for the 1993–94 NHL season. The Stars played out of Reunion Arena from their relocation until 2001, the Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas, two Presidents Trophies as the top regular season team in the NHL, the Western Conference championship twice, and in 1998–99, the Stanley Cup. Joe Nieuwendyk won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs that year, in 2000, Neal Broten was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. In 2009, Brett Hull became the first Dallas Stars player inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, followed by Ed Belfour and Joe Nieuwendyk in 2011, in 2010, brothers Derian and Kevin Hatcher were inducted to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. The Minnesota North Stars began play in 1967 as part of the NHLs six-team expansion, home games were played at the newly constructed Metropolitan Sports Center in Bloomington, Minnesota. Initially successful both on the ice and at the gate, the North Stars fell victim to financial problems after several seasons in the mid-1970s. In 1978, the North Stars were purchased by the owners of the Cleveland Barons, with both teams on the verge of folding, the NHL permitted the two failing franchises to merge. The merger brought with it a number of talented players, and the North Stars were revived—they reached the Stanley Cup Finals in 1981, the NHL rejected the request and instead agreed to award an expansion franchise, the San Jose Sharks, to the Gund brothers. In the following season, the Minnesota North Stars made it to the Stanley Cup Finals, after the 1991 season, the North Stars suffered through poor attendance and profitability. The teams fortunes were further impeded by the terms of the settlement with the Gund brothers, New owner Norman Green explored the possibility of moving the team to Anaheim, however the NHL decided instead to place the expansion Mighty Ducks there in 1992. In their final two seasons in Minnesota, the adopted a new logo which omitted the North from North Stars. In 1993, amid further attendance woes and bitter controversy, Green obtained permission to move the team to Dallas. Green was convinced by former Dallas Cowboys quarterback Roger Staubach that Dallas would be a market for an NHL team. The Stars would move into Reunion Arena, built in 1980, the Stars played their first game in Dallas on October 5,1993, a 6–4 win against the Detroit Red Wings. In that game, Neal Broten scored the first Stars goal in Dallas, Dallas was an experiment for the NHL
6.
Ottawa Senators
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The Ottawa Senators are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the Senators play their home games at the 18,694 seat Canadian Tire Centre which opened in 1996. Founded and established by Ottawa real estate developer Bruce Firestone, the team is the second NHL franchise to use the Ottawa Senators name. The original Ottawa Senators, founded in 1883, had a history, winning 11 Stanley Cups. On December 6,1990, after a public campaign by Firestone, the NHL awarded a new franchise. The current team owner is Eugene Melnyk, and in 2016, the club has been regularly represented in the top half in attendance in the NHL. Ottawa had been home to the original Senators, a founding NHL franchise, the NHL team was unsuccessful in St. Louis, and planned to return to Ottawa, but the NHL decided instead to suspend the franchise and transfer the players to other NHL teams. His firm, Terrace Investments, did not have the assets to finance the expansion fee and the team. Public support was high and the group would secure over 11,000 season ticket pledges, on December 12,1990, the NHL approved a new franchise for Firestones group, to start play in the 1992–93 season. The new team hired former NHL player Mel Bridgman, who had no previous NHL management experience, when Sutter was eventually signed to coach the Boston Bruins, Ottawa signed Rick Bowness, the man Sutter replaced in Boston. The new Senators played their first game on October 8,1992, the Senators defeated the Canadiens 5–3 in one of the few highlights that season. The Senators had aimed low and considered the 1992–93 season a small success, the long term plan was to finish low in the standings for its first few years in order to secure high draft picks and eventually contend for the Stanley Cup. Bridgman was fired after one season and Team President Randy Sexton took over the general manager duties, Firestone himself soon left the team and Rod Bryden emerged as the new owner. The strategy of aiming low and securing a high position did not change. The Senators finished last overall for the three seasons. Alexei Yashin, the teams first-ever draft selection from 1992, emerged as one of the NHLs brightest young stars, as the 1995–96 season began, star centre Alexei Yashin refused to honour his contract and did not play. Rick Bowness was fired in late 1995 and was replaced by the Prince Edward Island Senators head coach Dave Allison, Allison would fare no better than his predecessor, and the team would stumble to a 2–22–3 record under him. Sexton himself was fired and replaced by Pierre Gauthier, the former assistant GM of Anaheim, Martin outlasted several general managers and a change in ownership
7.
SC Rapperswil-Jona Lakers
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The Rapperswil-Jona Lakers are a professional ice hockey club from Rapperswil, Switzerland and are members of the Swiss National League B. They play their games at Diners Club Arena. Ex-NHL player Doug Gilmour skated for them during the NHL lockout-shortened season in 1994 and they had survived relegation in every NLA season since last making the playoffs in 2007-08 until 2014-15 when they were swept by the SCL Tigers in the promotion/relegation round. They will play in National League B for the 2015–16 season, NLB Championship,1994 Updated January 23,2013
8.
Canada men's national ice hockey team
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The Canadian national mens ice hockey team is the ice hockey team representing Canada internationally. The team is overseen by Hockey Canada, a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation, from 1920 until 1963, Canadas international representation was by senior amateur club teams. Canadas national mens team was founded in 1963 by Father David Bauer as a part of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association, the nickname Team Canada was first used for the 1972 Summit Series and has been frequently used to refer to the Canadian national team ever since. They are 26-time IIHF World Champions and winner of the 2004 and 2016 World Cup of Hockey. Canada is a member of the so-called Big Six, the group of the six strongest mens ice hockey nations, along with the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden. Canada was first represented internationally at the 1910 European Championships by the Oxford Canadians and they represented Canada again at the 1912 World Championships. From 1920 until 1963, the amateur club teams representing Canada, were usually the most recent Allan Cup champions. The last amateur team from Canada to win a gold medal at the World Championship was the Trail Smoke Eaters in 1961. Following the 1963 World Championships, Father David Bauer founded the team as a permanent institution. The new permanent national team first competed at the 1964 Winter Olympics, before the Soviet Union began international competition in 1954, Canada dominated international hockey, winning six out of seven golds at the Olympics and 10 World Championship gold medals. Canada then went 50 years without winning the Winter Olympic Gold medal and from 1962 to 1993 and this was in part because Canadas best professional players were unable to attend these events as they had commitments with their National Hockey League teams. Canada withdrew from official IIHF events in 1970 and the National Team programme was suspended after they were refused permission to use semi-professional players at the World Championship. Canada returned to the IIHF in 1977 after a series of negotiations between IIHF President Dr. Sabetzki and top officials of professional ice hockey in Canada and the United States. In 1983, Hockey Canada began the Program of Excellence, whose purpose was to prepare a team for the Winter Olympics every four years. This new National Team played a season together all over the world against both national and club teams, and often attracted top NHL prospects. In 1986, the International Olympic Committee voted to allow athletes to compete in Olympic Games. Veteran pros with NHL experience and, in a few cases and this program was discontinued in 1998, when the NHL began shutting down to allow its players to compete. After not winning a medal for 33 years, Canada won the 1994 World Championship in Italy
9.
NHL Entry Draft
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The NHL Entry Draft is held once every year, generally within two to three months after the conclusion of the previous season. During the draft, teams take turns selecting amateur players from junior, collegiate, the first draft was held in 1963, and has been held every year since. The NHL Entry Draft was known as the NHL Amateur Draft until 1979, the entry draft has only been a public event since 1980, and a televised event since 1984. Up to 1994, the order was determined by the standings at the end of the regular season. In 1995, the NHL Draft Lottery was introduced where only teams who had missed the playoffs could participate, the chances of winning the lottery were weighted towards the teams at the bottom of the regular season standings. The first NHL Entry Draft was held on June 5,1963 at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, any amateur player under the age of 20 was eligible to be drafted. In 1979, the rules were changed allowing players who had played professionally to be drafted. This rule change was made to facilitate the absorption of players from the defunct World Hockey Association, consequently, the name of the draft was changed from NHL Amateur Draft to NHL Entry Draft. Beginning in 1980, any player who is between the ages of 18 and 20 is eligible to be drafted, in addition, any non-North American player over the age of 20 can be selected. S. College and high school, or European hockey, in 1980, the Entry Draft became a public event, and was held at the Montreal Forum. Prior to that year the Entry Draft was conducted in Montreal hotels or league offices and was closed to the general public, the first draft outside of Montreal was held at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre in Toronto, Ontario, in 1985. Live television coverage of the began in 1984 when the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation covered the event in both English and French for Canadian audiences. The 1987 Entry Draft, held at Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, sportsChannel America began covering the event in the United States in 1989. Prior to the development of the Draft, NHL teams sponsored junior teams, the C form could only be signed by the player at age eighteen or by the players parents, often in exchange for some signing bonus. The first drafts were held to assign players who had not signed with an NHL organization before the sponsorship of junior teams was discontinued after 1968, the selection order in the NHL Entry Draft is determined by a combination of lottery, regular season standing, and playoff results. The order of picks discussed in this section always references the original team, the basic order of the NHL Entry Draft is determined based on the standings of the teams in the previous season. Subject to the results of the NHL Draft Lottery, the pick in the same order each round. The teams in group are ordered within that group based on their point totals in the preceding regular season
10.
2001 NHL Entry Draft
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The 2001 NHL Entry Draft was held on June 23–24,2001, at the National Car Rental Center in Sunrise, Florida. Teams are in North America unless otherwise noted, 2001–02 NHL season List of NHL first overall draft choices List of NHL players Diamond, Dan, ed. National Hockey League Official Guide and Record Book 2002, prosportstransactions. com,2001 NHL Entry Draft Pick Transactions 2001 NHL Entry Draft player stats at The Internet Hockey Database
11.
Canadians
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Canadians are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural, for most Canadians, several of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Canadian. Elements of Aboriginal, French, British and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada, Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States. Canadian independence from the United Kingdom grew gradually over the course of years since the formation of the Canadian Confederation in 1867. World War I and World War II in particular gave rise to a desire among Canadians to have their country recognized as a sovereign state with a distinct citizenship. Canadas nationality law closely mirrored that of the United Kingdom, legislation since the mid 20th century represents Canadians commitment to multilateralism and socioeconomic development. As of 2010, Canadians make up 0. 5% of the total population, having relied upon immigration for population growth. Approximately 41% of current Canadians are first- or second-generation immigrants, and 20 percent of Canadian residents in the 2000s were not born in the country. Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, nearly one-half of Canadians above the age of 15 will be foreign-born or have one foreign-born parent. Aboriginal peoples, according to the 2011 Canadian Census, numbered at 1,400,685 or 4. 3% of the countrys 33,476,688 population. The French originally settled New France, in present-day Quebec and Ontario, approximately 100 Irish-born families would settle the Saint Lawrence Valley by 1700, assimilating into the Canadien population and culture. This arrival of newcomers led to the creation of the Métis, after the War of 1812, British, Scottish and Irish immigration was encouraged throughout Ruperts Land, Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Between 1815 and 1850, some 800,000 immigrants came to the colonies of British North America and these new arrivals included some Gaelic-speaking Highland Scots displaced by the Highland Clearances to Nova Scotia. Descendants of Francophone and Anglophone northern Europeans who arrived in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries are often referred to as old stock Canadians. Beginning in the late 1850s, the immigration of Chinese into the Colony of Vancouver Island, the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 eventually placed a head tax on all Chinese immigrants, in hopes of discouraging Chinese immigration after completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The population of Canada has consistently risen, doubling approximately every 40 years, from the mid- to late 19th century, Canada had a policy of assisting immigrants from Europe, including an estimated 100,000 unwanted Home Children from Britain. Block settlement communities were established throughout western Canada between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, some were planned and others were spontaneously created by the settlers themselves. Canada was now receiving a number of European immigrants, predominantly Italians, Germans, Scandinavians, Dutch, Poles
12.
Captain (ice hockey)
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In ice hockey the captain is the player designated by his team as the only person authorized to speak with the game officials regarding rule interpretations when he is on the ice. At most levels of each team must designate one captain. The captain wears a C on his sweater, while the alternate captains wear an A, as with most team sports that designate captains, the captain is usually a well-respected player and a de facto team leader. The captain is a dressing room leader, and also represents the players concerns to management, NHL teams need not designate the same player as captain from game to game, though most teams do. For instance, in the 1985–86, when Boston Bruins captain Terry OReilly retired, Ray Bourque, Middleton wore the C during home games and Bourque for road games during the seasons first half, and the two switched for the second half. This arrangement continued until Middleton retired in 1988 and Bourque became the sole captain, some teams name two or three captains for a season. Some teams rotate captains rather than one for an extended period of time. During each NHL game, however, only one player can officially be designated as captain. Captains are selected by different means, in instances, teams have held votes among their players to choose a team captain, while on other occasions. Captains are often due to their seniority in the game. However, franchise players—current or emerging stars—have also been named captains, though not required, many captains have previously served as alternate captains of their team. The NHL introduced a rule prohibiting the goaltender from being a captain following the 1947–48 season, in the NCAA, there is no position-based restriction on the team captain. Teams may designate alternate captains, also erroneously called assistant captains. Alternate captains wear the letter A on their jerseys in the manner that team captains wear the C. In the NHL, teams may appoint a captain and up to two alternate captains, or they may appoint three alternate captains and no captain. A team commonly has three alternate captains when the team has not selected a captain, or when the captain is injured. International and USA amateur rules do not allow this, they stipulate that each team shall appoint a Captain, if the team chooses to not appoint a captain, they are not permitted to appoint a fourth alternate captain. When the captain is off the ice or unavailable for the game, NHL teams may choose alternate captains from game to game or appoint regular alternate captains for the season
13.
Ontario Hockey League
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The Ontario Hockey League is one of the three major junior ice hockey leagues which constitute the Canadian Hockey League. The league is for players aged 16–21, the league was formed in 1933 with the partition of Junior A and B. In 1970, the OHA Junior A League was one of five Junior A leagues operating in Ontario, the OHA was promoted to Tier I Junior A for the 1970-71 season and took up the name Ontario Major Junior Hockey League. In 1980, the league walked away from Ontario Hockey Association governance with the creation of the Canadian Major Junior Hockey League, from 1974 until 1978, Clarence Tubby Schmalz was the leagues commissioner. Then, for one season, former IHL commissioner Bill Beagan served as commissioner of the OMJHL, beginning with the 1979-80 season, David Branch has been the Commissioner of the OHL. Branch was appointed on August 11,1979, and assumed the role on September 17,1979. Since 1980 the league has grown rapidly into a marketable product, with many games broadcast on television. There are currently 20 teams in the OHL,17 are based in the Canadian province of Ontario, leagues for ice hockey in Ontario were first organized in 1890 by the newly created Ontario Hockey Association. In 1892 the OHA recognized junior hockey - referring to skill rather than age, in 1896 the OHA moved to the modern age-limited junior hockey concept, distinct from senior and intermediate divisions. Since then the evolution to the Ontario Hockey League has developed four distinct eras of junior-aged non-professional hockey in Ontario. In 1933, the division was divided into two levels, Junior A and Junior B. In 1970 the Junior A level was divided into two levels, Tier I and Tier II, in 1974 the Tier I/Major Junior A group separated from the OHA and became the independent Ontario Major Junior Hockey League. In 1980, the OMJHL became the Ontario Hockey League, the 20 OHL clubs play a 68-game unbalanced schedule, which starts in the third full week of September, running until the third week of March. Ninety percent of OHL games are scheduled between Thursday and Sunday to minimize the number of school days missed for its players. Approximately 20% of players on active rosters in the National Hockey League have come from the OHL, the J. Ross Robertson Cup is awarded annually to the winner of the Championship Series. The Cup is named for John Ross Robertson, who was president of the Ontario Hockey Association from 1901 to 1905, the OHL playoffs consist of the top 16 teams in the league,8 from each conference. The teams play a game series, and the winner of each series advances to the next round. The final two teams compete for the J. Ross Robertson Cup
14.
Daniel Alfredsson
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Daniel Alfredsson is a Swedish-Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He spent 18 seasons in the National Hockey League,17 with the Ottawa Senators, Alfredsson was the longtime captain of the Ottawa Senators, serving from 1999 to 2013. He is considered a leader by example and had compared to former Detroit Red Wings captain Steve Yzerman in his value during his tenure as captain of the Ottawa Senators. He had traditionally been the forward on the ice in the role of pointman on Ottawas powerplay. He was one of the leagues top players, and he holds the Senators franchise records for goals, assists. He had played for Sweden internationally fourteen times, including the 2006 gold medal and 2014 silver medal winning Olympic teams. He was the 75th player to reach 1,000 career points in the NHL, Alfredsson holds an Honorary Degree from Carleton University. Drafted 133rd overall in the round of the 1994 NHL Entry Draft. He had been overlooked by many NHL scouts, but one man in Ottawas front office, John Ferguson, saw the potential, in 1996–97, he improved on his rookie totals and played in the All-Star Game again. He finished second in scoring, contributing to the Senators first modern playoff qualification. Alfredsson missed the beginning of the 1997–98 season due to a contract dispute, on 24 August 1997 he demanded a trade from the Senators after the five-year contract offered to him was $1 million less than that of Alexei Yashin per season. He signed a new deal on 12 October 1997, worth $14 million over four years, after missing the first five games of the season, he was greeted by a standing ovation in his first game back in Ottawa. Alfredsson would later be named the Senators representative at the All-Star Game for the consecutive season. During that season, Alfredsson would play in only 55 games, due to the contract dispute. The Senators qualified for the playoffs again and defeated the New Jersey Devils, Alfredsson would score seven goals in 11 playoff games in 1998. In 1998–99, Alfredsson missed 24 games due to an injury, the club once again qualified for the playoffs, and Alfredsson hoped to have a good postseason, but was limited to one goal and three points in a sweep at the hands of the Buffalo Sabres. The next season, he was named captain of the Senators after Alexei Yashin was stripped of the captaincy for refusing to honor his contract, after two somewhat disappointing seasons, Alfredssons scoring totals improved, with 21 goals and 59 points in 57 games. In the playoffs, the Senators met the Toronto Maple Leafs in the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals, the Senators would lose the inaugural Battle of Ontario, although Alfredsson contributed three goals in the six-game series
15.
American Hockey League
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The American Hockey League is a 30-team professional ice hockey league based in the United States and Canada that serves as the primary developmental league for the National Hockey League. Twenty-seven AHL teams are located in the United States and the three are in Canada. The league offices are located in Springfield, Massachusetts, and its current president is David Andrews, the annual playoff champion is awarded the Calder Cup, named for Frank Calder, the first President of the NHL. The reigning champions are the Lake Erie Monsters, the AHL traces its origins directly to two predecessor professional leagues, the Canadian-American Hockey League, founded in 1926, and the first International Hockey League, established in 1929. With both leagues down to the minimum in membership, the governors of each recognized the need for action to assure their member clubs long-term survival. Their solution was to play an interlocking schedule, while the Can-Am was based in the Northeast and the IHL in the Great Lakes and Midwest, their footprints were close enough for this to be a viable option. The two older leagues eight surviving clubs began joint play in November 1936 as a new circuit of mutual convenience known as the International-American Hockey League. The four Can-Am teams became the I-AHL East Division, with the IHL quartet playing as the West Division. The IHL also contributed its former championship trophy, the F. G. Teddy Oke Trophy, the Oke Trophy is now awarded to the regular-season winners of the AHLs Northeast Division. A little more than a month into that first season, the balance, the makeshift new I-AHL played out the rest of its first season with just seven teams. At the end of the 1936–37 season, a modified playoff format was devised and a new championship trophy. The Syracuse Stars defeated the Philadelphia Ramblers in the final, three-games-to-one, the Calder Cup continues on today as the AHLs playoff championship trophy. After two seasons of interlocking play, the governors of the two leagues seven active teams met in New York City on June 28,1938, maurice Podoloff of New Haven, the former head of the Can-Am League, was elected the I-AHLs first president. The former IHL president, John Chick of Windsor, Ontario, the Bears remain the only one of these eight original I-AHL/AHL franchises to have been represented in the league without interruption since the 1938–39 season. The newly merged circuit also increased its schedule for each team by six games from 48 to 54. After the 1939–40 season the I-AHL renamed itself the American Hockey League and it generally enjoyed both consistent success on the ice and relative financial stability over its first three decades of operation. The number of teams competing for players rose from six to thirty in just seven years. Player salaries at all levels shot up dramatically with the increased demand and this did not seem to affect the AHL at first, as it expanded to 12 teams by 1970
16.
Binghamton Senators
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The Binghamton Senators are a professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. Nicknamed the B-Sens, they play in Binghamton, New York, the B-Sens are minor league affiliates of the Ottawa Senators of the NHL and Wichita Thunder of the ECHL. They were the AHLs 2010-11 Calder Cup champions, the Senators main rivals are the Syracuse Crunch, the Rochester Americans, the Albany Devils, the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins, and the Hershey Bears. The arrival of the B-Sens marked the return of the AHL to the area after a five-year absence, the area had previously been represented by the Binghamton Dusters, the Binghamton Whalers, and the Binghamton Rangers, all of the AHL. While no AHL team played in Binghamton between 1997 and 2002, the market was served by the B. C, icemen of the United Hockey League. The Binghamton Senators enjoyed a successful 2002–03, freshman season, going 43–26–9 with 100 points and they breezed by their first two playoff rounds, but were easily defeated by the Hamilton Bulldogs in 5 games. By contrast, the 2003–04 season was not as successful as the loss of both Antoine Vermette and Jason Spezza weakened the team and they went 34–34–9 and quietly exited the playoffs thanks to a 2–0 sweep at the hands of the Norfolk Admirals. Jason Spezza lead the way with a league high 117 points, the Senators ended the regular season with only 21 regulation losses, tied for 2nd fewest in the league, taking the division title with a league high 276 goals scored. On July 17,2009, Don Nachbaur was named coach of the Binghamton Senators. During the 2009–10 AHL season, Nachbaur coached the Senators to a 36–35–6–3 record and 81 points to finish fifth in the AHLs East Division. On June 22,2010, after one season behind the bench. On August 6,2010, Kurt Kleinendorst was appointed the coach of the Binghamton Senators as part of a two-year contract. Kleinendorst had spent the year leading the USA Hockey National Team Development Programs under-18 team to a gold medal at the 2010 IIHF World U18 Championships in Belarus. In 2011, the Senators were up against the Manchester Monarchs in the first round of the playoffs and they fell behind 3–1 in the series, but won games five and six in overtime to force a game seven. The Senators fell behind 5–4 in game seven but Erik Condra tied the game with 1,45 to go in the game, Ryan Potulny then scored 3,07 into overtime to send the Senators to the second round. Next, the Senators faced the Portland Pirates, the Senators won the first two games in Portland to go up 2–0 in the series. They then lost two of the three games at home to the Pirates and had their series lead cut to 3–2. The Senators shut out the Pirates in game six, 3–0 to go to the Eastern Conference final, in the Eastern Conference final, the Senators faced the Charlotte Checkers
17.
Ice Hockey World Championships
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The Ice Hockey World Championships are an annual international mens ice hockey tournament organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation. First officially held at the 1920 Summer Olympics, it is the sports highest profile annual international tournament, the IIHF was created in 1908 while the European Championships, the precursor to the World Championships, were first held in 1910. The tournament held at the 1920 Summer Olympics is recognized as the first Ice Hockey World Championship, between 1920 and 1968, the Olympic hockey tournament was also considered the World Championship for that year. The first World Championship that was held as an event was in 1930 in which twelve nations participated. In 1931, ten teams played a series of round-robin format qualifying rounds to determine which nations participated in the medal round, medals were awarded based on the final standings of the teams in the medal round. This basic format would be used until 1992, in 1951, thirteen nations took part and were split into two groups. The top seven teams played for the World Championship, the other six played for ranking purposes. During a congress in 1990, the IIHF introduced a playoff system, as the IIHF grew, more teams began to participate at the World Championships, so more pools were introduced. The modern format for the World Championship features 16 teams in the group,12 teams in Division I and 12 teams in Division II. If there are more than 40 teams, the rest compete in Division III, the teams in the championship play a preliminary round, then the top eight teams play in the playoff medal round and the winning team is crowned World Champion. Over the years, the tournament has gone through several rule changes, in 1969 body-checking in all three zones in a rink was allowed, helmets and goaltender masks became mandatory in the early 1970s and in 1992 the IIHF began using the shootout. The current IIHF rules differ slightly from the used in the NHL. The World Championships have been open to all players, both professional and amateur, since 1977, the IIHF requires that players are citizens of the country they represent and allow players to switch national teams provided that they play in their new nation for a certain period of time. Canada was the tournaments first dominant team, winning the tournament 12 times between 1930 and 1952, the United States, Czechoslovakia, Sweden, Great Britain and Switzerland were also competitive during this period. The Soviet Union first participated in 1954 and soon became rivals with Canada, from 1963 until the nations breakup in 1991, the Soviet Union was the dominant team, winning 20 championships. During that period, only three other nations won medals, Canada, Czechoslovakia and Sweden, Russia first participated in 1992 and the Czech Republic and Slovakia began competing in 1993. In the 2000s, the became more open as the Big Six teams – Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden. Thus, NHL players generally only participate once their respective team is eliminated from Stanley Cup contention, the 79th World Championship was held in Prague and Ostrava, Czech Republic, and was the most successful to date in terms of overall attendance
18.
2000 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships
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The 2000 IIHF World U20 Championship, commonly referred as the 2000 World Junior Hockey Championships, was the 24th edition of the World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. The tournament was hosted in Skellefteå and Umeå, Sweden from December 25,1999 to January 4,2000. The Czech Republic won the medal with a 1–0 shootout victory over Russia in the championship game. This still remains as the tournament to where both medal games have been decided in a shootout. The playoff round was expanded to eight teams, with group leaders not getting a bye to the semifinals, ukraine was relegated to Division I for the 2001 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. Minimum 40% of teams ice time, the following teams took part in the Pool B tournament. This group played in Minsk, Belarus between December 13 and December 19,1999, denmark was relegated to Division II for the 2001 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. Belarus was promoted to the Top Division for the 2001 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, the following teams took part in the Pool C tournament. This group played in Nagano, Japan between December 30,1999 and January 3,2000, yugoslavia was relegated to Division III for the 2001 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. Austria was promoted to Division I for the 2001 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, the following teams took part in the Pool D tournament. This group played in Mexico City, Mexico between January 9 and January 15,2000, iceland was relegated to Division III Qualification for the 2001 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. Croatia was promoted to Division II for the 2001 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, Official IIHF Results – Pool A Official IIHF Results – Pool B Official IIHF Results – Pool C Official IIHF Results – Pool D
19.
Wayne Gretzky
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Wayne Douglas Gretzky CC is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and former head coach. He played twenty seasons in the National Hockey League for four teams from 1979 to 1999, nicknamed The Great One, he has been called the greatest hockey player ever by many sportswriters, players, and the league itself. He is the scorer in NHL history, with more goals. He garnered more assists than any player scored total points. In addition, he tallied over 100 points in 16 professional seasons,14 of them consecutive, at the time of his retirement in 1999, he held 61 NHL records,40 regular-season records,15 playoff records, and six All-Star records. As of 2014, he still holds 60 NHL records, born and raised in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, Gretzky honed his skills at a backyard rink and regularly played minor hockey at a level far above his peers. Despite his unimpressive stature, strength and speed, Gretzkys intelligence and he was adept at dodging checks from opposing players, and consistently anticipated where the puck was going to be and executed the right move at the right time. Gretzky became known for setting up behind his opponents net, an area that was nicknamed Gretzkys office, in 1978, Gretzky signed with the Indianapolis Racers of the World Hockey Association, where he briefly played before being traded to the Edmonton Oilers. When the WHA folded, the Oilers joined the NHL, where he established many scoring records, Gretzky played briefly for the St. Louis Blues before finishing his career with the New York Rangers. He won the Lady Byng Trophy for sportsmanship and performance five times, after his retirement in 1999, Gretzky was immediately inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, making him the most recent player to have the waiting period waived. The NHL retired his jersey number 99 league-wide, making him the player to receive this honour. He was one of six players voted to the International Ice Hockey Federations Centennial All-Star Team, Gretzky became executive director for the Canadian national mens hockey team during the 2002 Winter Olympics, in which the team won a gold medal. In 2000, he became owner of the Phoenix Coyotes. In 2004, he was inducted into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame, in September 2009, following the franchises bankruptcy, Gretzky resigned as coach and relinquished his ownership share. In October 2016, he became partner and vice-chairman of Oilers Entertainment Group, Wayne Gretzky was born on January 26,1961 in Brantford, Ontario, the son of Phyllis Leone and Walter Gretzky. The couple had married in 1960, and lived in an apartment in Brantford, the family moved into a house on Varadi Avenue in Brantford seven months after Wayne was born, chosen partly because its yard was flat enough to make an ice rink on every winter. Wayne was joined by a sister, Kim, and brothers Keith, Glen, the family would regularly visit the farm of Waynes grandparents, Tony and Mary, and watch Hockey Night in Canada together. By age two, Wayne was trying to score goals against Mary using a souvenir stick, the farm was where Wayne skated on ice for the first time, aged two years,10 months
20.
Eric Lindros
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Eric Bryan Lindros is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. Lindros played junior hockey in the Ontario Hockey League for the Oshawa Generals prior to being chosen first overall in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft by the Quebec Nordiques. He refused to play for the Nordiques and was traded to the Philadelphia Flyers in June 1992 in exchange for a package of players. During his OHL career, Lindros led the Generals to a Memorial Cup victory in 1990, prior to being drafted in 1991, Lindros captured the Red Tilson Trophy as the Most Outstanding Player in the OHL, and also was named the CHL Player of the Year. Lindros was born in London, Ontario, but grew up in Toronto, Lindros began his National Hockey League career with the Flyers during the 1992–93 season. He was a power forward, and averaged more than a point per game. His hard-nosed style caused him to significant time with injuries. Lindros captured the Hart Memorial Trophy and Lester B. Pearson Award after the lockout-shortened 1994–95 season, in August 2001, Lindros joined the New York Rangers via trade. He then signed with the Toronto Maple Leafs for the 2005–06 season before finishing his career in 2006–07 with the Dallas Stars, internationally, Lindros represented Canada at the World Junior Championships three times, winning gold medals in 1990 and 1991. He is Canadas all-time points leader at the World Junior Championships with 31 points, five ahead of Jordan Eberle. Lindros has also represented Canadas senior team at the World Hockey Championships, in Olympic play, Lindros represented Canada three times, winning a silver medal in 1992 and gold in 2002. On October 17, Lindros was inducted into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame where he credited the quality facilities in London, Ontario, his coaches, and his parents for his success. On June 27,2016, Lindros was one of four individuals named to the 2016 Hockey Hall of Fame class, to be inducted in November. On January 27,2017, in a ceremony during the All-Star Weekend in Los Angeles, the oldest son of Carl Lindros and Bonnie Roszell-Lindros, Eric has Swedish heritage. The name Lindros means Rose of the Linden tree and his great-grandfather Axel immigrated to Canada from Bredaryd, a small village in Sweden, and Eric is the third generation of the Lindros family to be born in Canada. His father Carl Lindros received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Western Ontario, Lindros mother Bonnie is a registered nurse. Lindros has one brother, Brett, and one sister, Robin, Lindros younger brother Brett played for the New York Islanders and retired early on May 1,1996, due to post-concussion syndrome. The book Fire on Ice, co-written by Randy Starkman and published in October 1991 by HarperCollins, chronicled the life, Lindros is married since 2012 to Kina Lamarche, a native Quebecer and former president of the North American wing of Travelex
21.
Italians
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Italians are a nation and ethnic group native to Italy who share a common culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a native tongue. The majority of Italian nationals are speakers of Standard Italian. Italians have greatly influenced and contributed to the arts and music, science, technology, cuisine, sports, fashion, jurisprudence, banking, Italian people are generally known for their localism and their attention to clothing and family values. The term Italian is at least 3,000 years old and has a history that goes back to pre-Roman Italy. According to one of the common explanations, the term Italia, from Latin, Italia, was borrowed through Greek from the Oscan Víteliú. The bull was a symbol of the southern Italic tribes and was often depicted goring the Roman wolf as a defiant symbol of free Italy during the Social War. Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus states this account together with the legend that Italy was named after Italus, mentioned also by Aristotle and Thucydides. The Etruscan civilization reached its peak about the 7th century BC, but by 509 BC, when the Romans overthrew their Etruscan monarchs, its control in Italy was on the wane. By 350 BC, after a series of wars between Greeks and Etruscans, the Latins, with Rome as their capital, gained the ascendancy by 272 BC, and they managed to unite the entire Italian peninsula. This period of unification was followed by one of conquest in the Mediterranean, in the course of the century-long struggle against Carthage, the Romans conquered Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. Finally, in 146 BC, at the conclusion of the Third Punic War, with Carthage completely destroyed and its inhabitants enslaved, octavian, the final victor, was accorded the title of Augustus by the Senate and thereby became the first Roman emperor. After two centuries of rule, in the 3rd century AD, Rome was threatened by internal discord and menaced by Germanic and Asian invaders. Emperor Diocletians administrative division of the empire into two parts in 285 provided only temporary relief, it became permanent in 395, in 313, Emperor Constantine accepted Christianity, and churches thereafter rose throughout the empire. However, he moved his capital from Rome to Constantinople. The last Western emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed in 476 by a Germanic foederati general in Italy and his defeat marked the end of the western part of the Roman Empire. During most of the period from the fall of Rome until the Kingdom of Italy was established in 1861, Odoacer ruled well for 13 years after gaining control of Italy in 476. Then he was attacked and defeated by Theodoric, the king of another Germanic tribe, Theodoric and Odoacer ruled jointly until 493, when Theodoric murdered Odoacer. Theodoric continued to rule Italy with an army of Ostrogoths and a government that was mostly Italian, after the death of Theodoric in 526, the kingdom began to grow weak
22.
Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
23.
Goaltender
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In ice hockey, the goaltender is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their teams net, thus preventing the opposing team from scoring. The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease, goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots. In todays age of goaltending there are two styles, butterfly and hybrid. Because of the power of shots, the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact, the goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice, as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game. One-on-one situations, such as breakaways and shootouts, have the tendency to highlight a goaltenders pure skill, only one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time. The goaltender is also known as the goalie, goaler, goalkeeper, net minder, in the early days of the sport, the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender. The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches, the variation goalie is typically used for items associated with the position, such as goalie stick and goalie pads. Goaltending is a position in ice hockey, at higher levels in the game, no goalies play other positions. A typical ice hockey team may have two or three goaltenders on its roster, the NHL requires each team have a list of emergency goalies. The list provides goalie options for both the home and visiting teams and these goalies are to be called to a game if a team does not have two goalies to start the game. An emergency goalie may also be called if both roster goalies are injured in the same game, Jennings Trophy for fewest goals allowed. Martin Brodeur was the first goaltender in the National Hockey League to score a game-winning goal, the goaltender has special privileges and training that other players do not. He or she wears special goaltending equipment that is different from that worn by players and is subject to specific regulations. Goalies may use any part of their bodies to block shots, the goalie may legally hold the puck with his hands to cause a stoppage of play. If a player from the team hits the goaltender without making an attempt to get out of his way. In some leagues, if a goalies stick breaks, he can continue playing with a stick until the play is stopped. Additionally, if a goaltender acts in such a way that would cause a player to be given a penalty, such as slashing or tripping another player. Instead, one of the teammates who was on the ice at the time of the infraction is sent to the penalty box in his or her place
24.
Flint Generals
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The Flint Generals were a professional ice hockey team based in Flint, Michigan. They were a member of the International Hockey League and played their games at Perani Arena and Event Center in Flint. Flint has been home to pro hockey in some incarnation since 1969. The modern Flint Generals came about in the 1993–94 season after Flint Bulldogs owner Skip Probst moved the Bulldogs from Flint to Utica, the following summer, Dr. Khaled M. Shukairy was granted an expansion franchise to play in Flint. After a fan vote, Generals had been voted on by the fans to be the name of the current franchise, the second Colonial Cup came in a 4–0 sweep of the Generals arch rival, the Quad City Mallards in 2000. The Generals faced the Muskegon Lumberjacks in Round One of the Turner Cup Playoffs, the Generals then fell to the Fort Wayne Komets in a competitive five-game series. The Generals only win in the series was a thrilling 7-6 overtime win in Game 3, legend, OTL=Overtime loss, SOL=Shootout loss #1 — Bob Perani #5 — Stephan Brochu #16 — Doug Manchak #20 — Kevin Kerr #77 — Brett MacDonald Flint Generals official site
25.
United Hockey League
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The league was headquartered in Rochester, Michigan, and in its last year, consisted of seven teams. It folded in 2010, with most of its teams joining the Central Hockey League, the Central Hockey League teams still operating in 2014 were then added to ECHL. The only former UHL/IHL teams still active as of 2017 are the Quad City Mallards, Elmira Jackals, Fort Wayne Komets, and Kalamazoo Wings. The UHL was originally formed in 1991 as the Colonial Hockey League and had teams in Brantford, Ontario, Detroit, Michigan, Flint, Michigan, St. As time passed, the CoHL moved eastward, into places like Glens Falls, NY, Danbury, CT, Utica, NY, Binghamton, NY, and Richmond, VA. During that expansion, the league was renamed United Hockey League, the 2006–07 season was the last season of play for the league under the UHL name. Following the 2006–07 season, the league lost half of its ten teams, in June 2007 at the league’s annual meeting, the UHL announced that it was changing its name to the International Hockey League. Paul L. Pickard was named the first president and CEO of the new IHL, during that summer, the UHL headquarters moved from Lake St. Louis, Missouri to Rochester, Michigan. The UHLs rebranding was intended to evoke the original IHL, which had ceased operations in 2001, the Fort Wayne Komets were a longtime member of the original league while the Kalamazoo Wings and Flint Generals franchises were revived names of the original Kalamazoo and Flint IHL teams. The remaining two franchises from the leagues last season that were not absorbed into the CHL, the Flint Generals, dennis Hextall was named as the president and commissioner of the International Hockey League on September 2,2009. Hextall was preceded by Paul Pickard, who served as commissioner for the first two years of the renamed league, several UHL teams had affiliations with the National Hockey League, American Hockey League, and the All American Hockey League. The Colonial Cup was the championship trophy. The name was changed to the Turner Cup in 2007 to reflect the original IHLs championship trophy, also named the Turner Cup
26.
Toronto
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Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. With a population of 2,731,571, it is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles. A global city, Toronto is a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years, the city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe, used by the Wyandot, Iroquois, and the Mississauga. Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s, after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787, the British established the town of York, and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York, York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834, and became the capital of the province of Ontario during the Canadian Confederation in 1867. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canadas major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Toronto is known for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere. The name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquois word tkaronto and this refers to the northern end of what is now Lake Simcoe, where the Huron had planted tree saplings to corral fish. A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, in the 1660s, the Iroquois established two villages within what is today Toronto, Ganatsekwyagon on the banks of the Rouge River and Teiaiagonon the banks of the Humber River. By 1701, the Mississauga had displaced the Iroquois, who abandoned the Toronto area at the end of the Beaver Wars, French traders founded Fort Rouillé on the current Exhibition grounds in 1750, but abandoned it in 1759. During the American Revolutionary War, the region saw an influx of British settlers as United Empire Loyalists fled for the British-controlled lands north of Lake Ontario, the new province of Upper Canada was in the process of creation and needed a capital. Dorchester intended the location to be named Toronto, in 1793, Governor John Graves Simcoe established the town of York on the Toronto Purchase lands, instead naming it after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Simcoe decided to move the Upper Canada capital from Newark to York, the York garrison was constructed at the entrance of the towns natural harbour, sheltered by a long sandbar peninsula. The towns settlement formed at the end of the harbour behind the peninsula, near the present-day intersection of Parliament Street. In 1813, as part of the War of 1812, the Battle of York ended in the towns capture, the surrender of the town was negotiated by John Strachan. US soldiers destroyed much of the garrison and set fire to the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation, the sacking of York was a primary motivation for the Burning of Washington by British troops later in the war
27.
Toronto Maple Leafs
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The Toronto Maple Leafs are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto, Ontario. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the team is one of the Original Six league members. They are owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, Ltd. and are represented by Chairman Larry Tanenbaum, in February 1999, they moved to the Air Canada Centre, which replaced Maple Leaf Gardens, the teams home since 1931. The franchise was founded in 1917, operating simply as Toronto and known today as the Toronto Arenas, as it was operated by the Toronto Arena Company, in 1919, the NHL transferred the franchise to new owners who christened the team the Toronto St. Patricks. The franchise was sold in 1927 and was renamed the Toronto Maple Leaf Hockey Club, the team colours are navy blue and white. The Maple Leafs have won thirteen Stanley Cup championships, second only to the 24 championships of their primary rival and they won their last championship in 1967. Their 48-season drought between championships is currently the longest in the NHL, with an estimated worth of US $1.15 billion in 2015 according to Forbes, the Leafs are the third most valuable franchise in the NHL, behind the Montreal Canadiens and the New York Rangers. In 2015, they were ranked by Forbes as the 37th most valuable team in the world. The National Hockey League was formed in 1917 in Montreal by teams belonging to the National Hockey Association that had a dispute with Eddie Livingstone. Instead, they opted to create a new league, the NHL and they also remained voting members of the NHA, and thus had enough votes to suspend the other leagues operations, effectively leaving Livingstones squad in a one-team league. However, the other wanted to have a team from Toronto. They also needed another team to balance the schedule after the Bulldogs suspended operations, the NHL granted a temporary Toronto franchise to the Arena Company, owners of the Arena Gardens. The Arena Company leased the Blueshirts players and was given until the end of the season to resolve the dispute with Livingstone, the franchise did not have an official name, but was informally called the Blueshirts or the Torontos by the fans and press. Under Manager Charlie Querrie and Head Coach Dick Carroll, the Toronto team won the Stanley Cup in the NHLs inaugural season, although the roster was composed almost entirely of former Blueshirts, the Maple Leafs do not claim the Blueshirts history. Also that year, the Arena Company decided that only NHL teams would be allowed to play at the Arena Gardens—a move which effectively killed the NHA, Livingstone sued to get his players back. Mounting legal bills from the dispute forced the Arenas to sell most of their stars, when it was obvious that the Arenas would not be able to finish the season, the NHL agreed to let the team halt operations on February 20,1919. The NHL ended its season and started the playoffs, the Arenas.278 winning percentage that season is still the worst in franchise history. However, the 1919 Stanley Cup Finals ended without a winner due to the flu epidemic
28.
Mario Lemieux
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Joseph Roger Mario Lemieux, OC, CQ is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and current owner for the Pittsburgh Penguins. He played parts of 17 seasons with the National Hockey Leagues Pittsburgh Penguins between 1984 and 2006, dubbed The Magnificent One or Le Magnifique, he is widely acknowledged to be one of the best players of all time. On January 27,2017, in a ceremony during the All-Star Weekend in Los Angeles, a gifted playmaker and fast skater despite his large size, Lemieux often beat defencemen with fakes and dekes. Lemieux led Pittsburgh to two consecutive Stanley Cups in 1991 and 1992, under his ownership, the Penguins won a third Cup in 2009 and a fourth in 2016. He is the man to have his name on the Cup as both a player and an owner. He also led Team Canada to an Olympic gold medal in 2002, a championship at the 2004 World Cup of Hockey, at the time of his retirement, he was the NHLs seventh-ranked all-time scorer with 690 goals and 1,033 assists. He ranks second in NHL history with a 0.754 goals-per game average for his career, in 2004, he was inducted into Canadas Walk of Fame. This was also the season that Sidney Crosby debuted, Lemieuxs NHL debut was on October 11,1984, and his final game took place on December 16th,2005. His numerous ailments included spinal disc herniation, Hodgkins lymphoma, chronic tendinitis of a hip-flexor muscle and he also missed the entire 1994–95 season due to Hodgkins lymphoma. Bobby Orr called him the most talented player Ive ever seen, Orr, along with Bryan Trottier and numerous fans, speculated that if Lemieux had not suffered so many issues with his health, his on-ice achievements would have been much greater. Lemieux was born in Montreal, to Pierrette, a mom, and Jean-Guy Lemieux. He and his older brothers Alain and Richard grew up in a working family in the Ville-Émard district. Mario began practicing hockey at age three in his basement, before using real equipment, he and his brothers used wooden kitchen spoons as hockey sticks, the young Lemieux was friends with future NHLers Marc Bergevin and Robert Bourdeau. Lemieux started his career with the Laval Voisins of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. When he was drafted at age 15, he declared that he would break records, in the 1983–84 QMJHL season. In his last game of the season, Lemieux needed three goals to tie Guy Lafleurs record of 130 goals— he scored six goals and added six assists in a 16-4 victory. Although he played in the 1983 World Junior Hockey Championships, Lemieux did not play for the Canadian Juniors in 1984 because he disliked how coach Dave King treated him in the previous tournament and he also did not want to break up his junior season. He finished his QMJHL career with 562 points in three seasons, before the 1984 NHL Entry Draft, Lemieux announced he wanted to play for whoever drafted him
29.
Model (person)
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A model is a person with a role either to promote, display, or advertise commercial products or to serve as a visual aide for people who are creating works of art or to pose for photography. Modelling is considered to be different from other types of public performance, although the difference between modelling and performing is not always clear, appearing in a film or a play is not generally considered to be modelling. Types of modelling include, fashion, glamour, fitness, bikini, fine art, body-part, Models are featured in a variety of media formats including, books, magazines, films, newspapers, internet and TV. Fashion models are featured in films, reality TV shows. Celebrities, including actors, singers, sports personalities and reality TV stars, modelling as a profession was first established in 1853 by Charles Frederick Worth, the father of haute couture, when he asked his wife, Marie Vernet Worth, to model the clothes he designed. The term house model was coined to describe this type of work, eventually, this became common practice for Parisian fashion houses. There were no standard physical measurement requirements for a model, with the development of fashion photography, the modelling profession expanded to photo modelling. Models remained fairly anonymous, and relatively poorly paid, until the late 1950s, one of the first well-known models was Lisa Fonssagrives, who was very popular in the 1930s. Fonssagrives appeared on over 200 Vogue covers, and her name recognition led to the importance of Vogue in shaping the careers of fashion models. In 1946, Ford Models was established by Eileen and Gerard Ford in New York, one of the most popular models during the 1940s was Jinx Falkenburg who was paid $25 per hour, a large sum at the time. During the 1940s and 1950s, Wilhelmina Cooper, Jean Patchett, Dovima, Dorian Leigh, Suzy Parker, Evelyn Tripp, Carmen DellOrefice, dorothea Church was among the first black models in the industry to gain notoriety in Paris. However, these models were unknown outside the fashion community, compared to todays models, the models of the 1950s were more voluptuous. Wilhelmina Coopers measurements were 38-24-36 whereas Chanel Imans measurements are 32-23-33, in the 1960s, the modelling world began to establish modelling agencies. Throughout Europe, secretarial services acted as models agents charging them weekly rates for their messages, for the most part, models were responsible for their own billing. In Germany, agents were not allowed to work for a percentage of a persons earnings, with the exception of a few models travelling to Paris or New York, travelling was relatively unheard of for a model. Most models only worked in one market due to different labor laws governing modelling in various countries, in the 1960s, Italy had many fashion houses and fashion magazines but was in dire need of models. Italian agencies would often coerce models to return to Italy without work visas by withholding their pay and they would also pay their models in cash, which models would have to hide from customs agents. It was not uncommon for models staying in such as La Louisiana in Paris or the Arena in Milan to have their hotel rooms raided by the police looking for their work visas
30.
Baby (musical)
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Baby is a musical with a book by Sybille Pearson, based on a story developed with Susan Yankowitz, music by David Shire, and lyrics by Richard Maltby, Jr. It concerns the reactions of three couples each expecting a child, the musical first ran on Broadway from 1983 to 1984. Three couples, each expecting a child, have different. Lizzie and Danny are university juniors who have just moved in together, athletic Pam and her husband, Nick, a sports instructor, have had some trouble conceiving. Arlene, already the mother of three daughters, is unsure of what to do, contemplating abortion while her husband Alan is thrilled with the thought of a new baby. Throughout the show, these characters experience the emotional stresses and triumphs, the lows and the comic highs. Baby, Baby, Baby was replaced in the initial run, the End of Summer was written for the Paper Mill Playhouse production, and is now part of the newly revised score available for licensing. With You and And What If We Had Loved Like That are in order in the new libretto. Set design was by John Lee Beatty, costume design by Jennifer von Mayrhauser, the Paper Mill Playhouse, Millburn, New Jersey presented an updated version of the musical from March 31,2004 to May 9,2004. The cast featured Carolee Carmello, Chad Kimball, LaChanze, Norm Lewis, Moeisha McGill, the updated Paper Mill Playhouse script and score were then finalized for a March 2010 production at TrueNorth Cultural Arts in Sheffield Village, Ohio. This is now the version licensed by Music Theatre International. The cast was headed by Natalie Green, Shane Joseph Siniscalchi, Michael Dempsey, Bernadette Hisey, David Robeano, the production won ten Cleveland Times Tribute Awards for Outstanding Theatre in 2010. The first Australian production of Baby was staged at The Suncorp Theatre in Brisbane, the cast included Patrick Phillips as Danny, Rhonda Burchmore as Pam and Geraldine Morrow as Arlene. Baby was staged at the Meralco Theatre in Manila from August 18 through September 5,2004, the cast included Lea Salonga in the role of Lizzie Fields and David Shannon as Danny. A Brazilian production opened on May 15,2011, starring Tadeu Aguiar, Sylvia Massari, Olavo Cavalheiro, Sabrina Korgut, André Dias and Amanda Acosta. Perfect Baby is not, but it makes up in buoyancy. Sybille Pearson has chosen her characters as if she were a pollster in search of a statistical cross-section of modern parents, miss Pearson is also fond of such plot contrivances as mixed-up lab reports, and, in Act II, the story runs out altogether. The last trimester for the mothers in Baby is as much of a game as it can be in real life
31.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
32.
O'Keefe Centre
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The Sony Centre for the Performing Arts is a major performing arts venue in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Sony Centre for the Performing Arts is Canada’s largest soft-seat theatre, the centre opened as the O’Keefe Centre on 1 October 1960, and has hosted a variety of international attractions and stars. Restoration of the wood, brass and marble that were hallmarks of the facility was undertaken, along with audience seating, flooring upgrades, new washrooms. Following two years of renovations and restoration work, the Sony Centre reopened its doors on 1 October 2010, the idea for a performing arts centre that could serve the needs of an increasingly dynamic city predates the buildings opening by almost 20 years. In the mid-1940s, Nathan Phillips issued a challenge to Toronto industrialists to underwrite the cost of a centre for theatre, music. Response to Phillips challenge was not immediate, E. P. Taylor assigned one of his key executives, Hugh Walker, to oversee building what was to be known as The OKeefe Centre in its first 36 years. The OKeefe Centre opened on 1 October 1960 with a red-carpet gala, the first production was Alexander H. Cohens production of the pre-Broadway premiere of Lerner and Loewes Camelot, starring Richard Burton, Julie Andrews and Robert Goulet. Even Rudolf Nureyev, more familiar to Centre audiences in his frequent role as a superstar, tried his hand at musical theatre as the Siamese autocrat in The King. Bill Cosby, Jack Benny, Liza Minnelli and Liberace, large-scale ballet and dance is another performing art well suited to the Centres ample stage. One of the earliest, Les Ballets Africains, offered the unusual sight of topless women, like The National Ballet, The Canadian Opera Company also made the Centre its home stage, from as early as 1961 to 2006. Many of Canadas greatest singers as well as a host of international stars have performed for Centre audiences in COC productions. In addition, although touring opera is now rare, in earlier days the Sony Centre played host to The Met and to such towering voices as those of Birgit Nilsson, Plácido Domingo and Renata Scotto. In 1996, the building was renamed the Hummingbird Centre in recognition of a gift from the Canadian software company. In September 2007, Sony bought the rights to the Centre for $10-million. In 2006, the Sony Centre received approval from the City of Toronto for the development of a condominium building beside the Centre. Designed by architect Daniel Libeskind, the L Tower is currently under construction on the southwest corner of the property, the Sony Centre closed on 26 June 2008 to begin the theatre renovations which were unveiled on 1 October 2010. In June 2012 the Sony Centre hosted the Canadian premiere of the Philip Glass/Robert Wilson opera Einstein on the Beach, designed by Peter Dickinson, the Sony Centre is a distinctive building and an example of a mid-twentieth century Modern performing arts venue. It is four stories high and is broken up into three forms, the entrance block, auditorium and fly tower
33.
Minute Maid
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Minute Maid is a product line of beverages, usually associated with lemonade or orange juice, but which now extends to soft drinks of many kinds, including Hi-C. Minute Maid is sold under Cappy brand in Central Europe and under Fruitopia in Norway, Minute Maid was the first company to market orange juice concentrate, allowing it to be distributed throughout the United States and served year-round. The Minute Maid company is owned by The Coca-Cola Company, and is the worlds largest marketer of fruit juices and drinks. The firm opened its headquarters in Sugar Land Town Square in Sugar Land, Texas, United States, on February 16,2009, the company was originally incorporated in 1945 as Florida Foods, Inc. It employs over 1,900 people and has over $2 billion in sales. S, the US Army had a need for 500,000 lb for the war, so NRC created a new branch, the Florida Foods Corporation. Led by John M. Fox, the won the government contract for $750,000. The war ended and the contract was canceled before the factory could be built, but with investment, rather than selling powder to the public market, the company decided to create frozen orange juice concentrate, using a process that eliminated 80 percent of the water in orange juice. A Boston marketing firm came up with the name Minute Maid, implying the juice was quick, the first shipment took place in April 1946. The same month, the company was renamed Vacuum Foods Corporation, with limited funds for advertising, Fox himself went door to door giving free samples, until demand skyrocketed. In October,1948, TIME magazine announced that entertainer Bing Crosby was to employ a 5-day a week radio show to promote Minute Maid, the magazine article gave further details. Minute Maid got into the field first in 1945, at a new $2,300,000 plant in Plymouth, with little cash to advertise, it lost $450,262 the first two years. Last year it finally turned the corner, says Vacuum’s President John M. Fox, “Why, this orange juice thing is the wonder of the grocery world. Anybody in the food industry agreed—and Birds Eye, Snow Crop. Nevertheless, Vacuum’s sales increased so much that President Fox announced last week that the net profit for its last fiscal year was $179,865, demand is so great, said Fox, that Vacuum has had to allocate shipments and is thinking of setting up a California plant. The shortage temporarily takes some of the bloom off the Crosby deal, but Vacuum hopes to step up output enough to fill the new orders Crosby will bring in. And in the scramble for the new market, Vacuum figures that Crosby is just the Pied Piper needed to lure away from the old brand names. In October 1949, the company adopted the name Minute Maid Corp, the Minute Maid company was purchased by Coca-Cola in 1960. In 1967, Minute Maid relocated to Houston, Texas, and is joined with Duncan Foods to form the Coca-Cola Foods division
34.
Woolco
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Woolco was an American-based discount retail chain. It was founded in 1962 in the city of Columbus, Ohio by the F. W. Woolworth Company and it was a full-line discount department store unlike the five-and-dime Woolworth stores which operated at the time. At its peak, Woolco had hundreds of stores in the US, as well as in Canada and the United Kingdom. While the American stores were closed in early 1983, the chain remained active in Canada until it was sold in 1994 to rival Walmart which was looking to enter the Canadian market. All of the former UK Woolco stores were sold by Kingfisher, the creation of Woolco coincided with the expansion of suburbia. Woolworths flagship stores were doing well, but the company wanted to tap into the growing discount department store market without diluting its dominant position in the variety store business. The first Woolco store was located in Columbus, Ohio, by 1966, there were 18 in the United States and nine in Canada. Plans were for 30 stores to be added per year and this led to tremendous growth as over 300 Woolco stores opened up across North America by the mid-1970s. Some stores were converted from regular Woolworth stores, including the location at Westland Mall in West Burlington, the company experimented with both Woolco and a more downscale merchandising unit called Worth Mart in the mid-1960s. Woolco was the winner with customers, and the Worth Mart stores were folded into Woolcos store base by the 1970s. At the outset, Woolco stores were considered by the company to be promotional department stores, with expanded product lines, many locations contained Red Grille restaurants, a cafeteria-style outlet, and the food areas sold popcorn, real milkshakes, and other food. A number of Woolco stores were opened in the United Kingdom during the same period, the typical Woolco store was well over 100,000 square feet, which was quite large for a discount store of that era. Many of its departments were leased to third-party operators, a practice among early discounters. Woolcos inventory was valued at approximately $1 billion, making Woolcos liquidation the largest in United States history at the time, however, the Canadian division of approximately 120 stores remained open. In 1982, the British Woolco stores were converted into regular Woolworth stores and were spun off along with the British Woolworths chain in the same year. Those larger stores were sold by Kingfisher plc to Gateway in 1986 and then Gateway sold the stores again. In 1990,26 Woolworth stores in Canada were converted to Woolco because of their larger size, in 1994, in order to repay the $1.7 billion debt incurred from international specialty store expansion, the Woolworth Corporation sold most of the Woolco Canada stores to Walmart. Wal-Mart did not acquire the Woolco stores that were either unionized or had downtown locations, Woolworths rebranded the Big W stores they kept under their own name and they remained until Woolworthss administration in 2008
35.
Kmart
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Kmart Corporation is a chain of big box department stores headquartered in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, United States. The chain purchased Sears for $11 billion in 2005, forming a new corporation under the name Sears Holdings Corporation, the Kmart name was incorporated in 1916 while the first store didnt open its doors until 1962. At its peak in 2000, Kmart operated 2,171 stores including 105 Super Center locations, for the 2005 fiscal year under the new company, the Kmart store count was at 1,416 with only 55 Super Center locations. Currently, the chain is operating 734 stores with only 1 Super Center location remaining and this number will decrease further due to the previously announced closings that will take place in Q12017. It operates stores in 49 states, Puerto Rico, the U. S. Virgin Islands and it also used to operate stores in Canada, Mexico, and Eastern Europe. At the height of Kmarts popularity, the phrase Attention Kmart shoppers. Entered into the American pop psyche, appearing in films and other such as Troop Beverly Hills, Six Days Seven Nights, Rain Man, Beetlejuice, Madea Goes to Jail. Kmarts world headquarters were located in Troy, Michigan, in Metro Detroit, but since the purchase of Sears, it has relocated to Hoffman Estates, Illinois. Kmart also exists in Australia and New Zealand, although it now has no relation to the American stores except in name, in 1912, Kresge incorporated the S. S. Kresge Corporation with eighty-five stores. The company was first listed on the New York Stock Exchange on May 23,1918, during World War I, Kresge experimented with raising the limit on prices in his stores to $1. By 1924, Kresge was worth approximately $375 million and owned real estate of the value of $100 million. Early century growth remained brisk, with 257 stores in 1924 growing to 597 stores operating in 1929, Kresge retired as president in 1925. The Great Depression reduced profitability and resulted in store closings, with the reduced to 682 in 1940. After the war shopping patterns changed and many moved out of the cities into the suburbs. The Kresge company followed them and closed and merged many urban stores so that by 1954 the total number of stores in the US had declined to 616. Under the leadership of executive Harry Cunningham, S. S. Kresge Corp. opened the first Kmart store on March 1,1962, in Garden City, Michigan, just four months before the first Walmart opened. This store is still in operation as a Big Kmart store but will be closed in March 2017, eighteen Kmart stores opened that year. Kmart Foods, a chain of Kmart supermarkets, opened in that decade
36.
Brampton Battalion
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The Brampton Battalion was a junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League. The team was based in Brampton, Ontario and started playing in 1998, as a result of consistently having among the lowest attendance in the OHL, the team was relocated to North Bay, Ontario for the 2013–14 OHL season. The Brampton Battalion was granted a franchise on December 3,1996. Major Junior A hockey returned to Brampton for the first time since 1963, Brampton was part of the return of major junior hockey to the Greater Toronto Area in the late 1990s that included the Mississauga IceDogs and the revived Toronto St. Michaels Majors. In 2005, team owner Scott Abbott was inducted into the Brampton Sports Hall of Fame for his work in building the franchise, the Battalion name was chosen from community suggestions, and was also adopted by the competitive minor hockey program. The Battalion were covered by local television Rogers Community Cable 10, the Battalions secondary school educational programs were co-ordinated through Turner Fenton Secondary School. The Battalion began play for the 1998–99 OHL season in the Midwest Division of the Western Conference, the Battalion played their first game on September 24,1998 losing to the host Peterborough Petes by a 5-1 score. Jason Maleyko scored the first goal in club history, the Battalion played their first game at the Powerade Centre on October 9,1998 losing to the Kitchener Rangers by a score of 5-1. The first win in history would come on October 18 when the troops beat the visiting Sudbury Wolves 5-4. The Battalion won their first ever playoff game vs. the Erie Otters with a 5-2 score, however, the 2nd place Otters proved to be too strong and Erie took the series in 6 games. The Battalion would take on the 4th place Guelph Storm in the first round of the playoffs, in round 2 for the second straight year the Troops took on the 1st place Erie Otters. After the Troops took game 1 the Otters would win four in a row and win the series in five games. The Battalion fell back to below the.500 mark in the 2001–02 season posting a 26-35-7 record for last in the Division, during the 2003 playoffs the Battalion started what would eventually become a rivalry with the Barrie Colts defeating the Colts in the first round in six games. The second round would see the top two in the Division as the Battalion faced Toronto, Brampton started off the series well beating Toronto in game 1 by a 7-0 score. However Toronto eventually proved to much for Brampton as the Majors would win four straight, the Battalion did not fare well during the 2003–04 regular season, as their record fell to 25-32-11. However, the record was enough for 7th in the east. With their backs against the wall, the Battalion shocked many as they took the 67’s to seven games, winning game 7, for the second straight year, in round 2, the Battalion would have to face the Eastern Conference Champions, the Toronto St. Michaels Majors. This time the Majors jumped out to a 3-0 series lead, Brampton was able to win 1 game, to force a 5th, but that was as far as they would get as the Majors won the series
37.
Mississauga IceDogs
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The Mississauga IceDogs are a former junior ice hockey team in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. They played in the Ontario Hockey League from 1998 to 2007, a sale relocated the team to St. Catharines, Ontario for the 2007–08 season and they are now called the Niagara IceDogs. From 1998 to 2002, the IceDogs enjoyed little success, finishing last in the OHLs Central Division every year, during this building phase, the team had six head coaches within the span of 4 years, including the owner, Don Cherry. Mississauga drafted first overall each year, leading to two rookies of the year, including one of the highest touted NHL prospects in Jason Spezza, 2003–04 was the IceDogs best season. The team finished second in the Central Division, two points behind the division champion Toronto St. Michaels Majors, and third overall in the Eastern Conference. In the first round of the playoffs, the IceDogs defeated the Oshawa Generals in seven games, the IceDogs were down three games to two against the Barrie Colts in the second round but managed to come back and win the series in seven games. The dream ended there as they fell to the Guelph Storm in four games in the OHL final. The 2004–05 season was another record setting season for the IceDogs and they won their first ever Central Division title and finished first in the Eastern Conference with 81 points. Despite regular season success, the IceDogs were upset in the first round of the playoffs by the eighth-seeded St. Michaels Majors in five games, in 2005–06, the IceDogs started rebuilding and missed the playoffs again. On July 12,2006, Eugene Melnyk, owner of the Toronto St. Michaels Majors, after the 2006–07 season, Melnyk sold the IceDogs, and moved the Majors to the Hershey Centre in Mississauga. On January 8,2007, Toronto businessman Tom Bitove proposed to buy the team plans to move to Niagara Falls. As an alternative, the team approached the City of St. Catharines about moving the team into Jack Gatecliff Arena in the downtown core, St. Catharines City Council voted on a leasing arrangement on April 23,2007, which passed. Bill Burke bought the IceDogs and relocated the team to St. Catharines in time for the 2007–08 season, the IceDogs played their final game in Mississauga on April 1,2007, losing in game of the Eastern Conference quarterfinals at home to the Sudbury Wolves. Former team owner and hockey commentator Donald S. Cherry stepped behind the bench to coach the IceDogs for the 2001–02 season, the team had its best season to the date, but still failed to reach the playoffs. The IceDogs were one of the road teams in the OHL that year, as many spectators attended games to see Don Cherry coach. The Mississauga IceDogs had the first overall pick four years in a row. Legend, OTL = Overtime loss, SL = Shootout loss 1998–99 Out of playoffs, 2002–03 Lost to Ottawa 67s 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals. 2003–04 Defeated Oshawa Generals 4 games to 3 in conference quarter-finals, Defeated Barrie Colts 4 games to 3 in conference semi-finals
38.
Windsor Spitfires
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The Windsor Spitfires are a junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League. The team is based in Windsor, Ontario, Canada, founded in 1971, the franchise was promoted to the Ontario Major Junior Hockey League for the 1975–76 season. A Spitfires team, founded in 1946, moved to become the Hamilton Tiger Cubs in 1953, the Original Spitfires in the Ontario Hockey Association played hockey from 1945 to 1953. During this period the Spitfires reached the finals twice. Prior to 1945 local junior hockey was divided up into the 6-team Windsor Junior Hockey League, the folding of the Spitfires occurred in 1953 as hockey interests in Windsor chose to focus their attention on the OHA Senior A Hockey League. This resulted in the founding of the Windsor Bulldogs, eventually five former Spitfires laced up with the Bulldogs and one, Bobby Brown, won an Allan Cup with the team. The Bulldogs folded in 1964 after one season in the International Hockey League, the modern Windsor Spitfires started as a Tier II Junior A team which played in the Southern Ontario Junior A Hockey League from 1971–1975. The Spitfires first game as a franchise was in Guelph, Ontario against the Guelph CMCs on October 1,1971, the Spitfires lost the game 11-3, with Laurie Gregan scoring the first two goals in team history in the first period. Fifteen-year-old goaltender Larry Verlinde played the entire first game in team history, the home game and first victory in team history occurred on October 7,1971 at the Windsor Arena against the Chatham Maroons. The Spitfires would win 4-2 on the back of future NHLer Eddie Mio who made 49 saves for the victory, dean Sheremeta scored what would be the winning goal. The Spitfires would finish their first season with a record of 21 wins,32 losses, finishing sixth place out of eight teams, the Spitfires would draw local rival Chatham Maroons in a best-of-seven league quarter-final. The Maroons, who finished third with 33 wins,17 losses, the Spitfires first ever playoff game, in Chatham, Ontario, took place on February 23,1972, a 3-2 win over the Maroons to take an early one-game lead in the series. Goaltender Bryan Rose made 35 saves in the effort, while the Spits first ever playoff goal and later winning goals were scored by Wolf Hiesl. The Spitfires would surrender the four games straight to the Maroons to end their season. The 1972-73 season, the Spitfires second season, finished with their first winning record -30 wins,21 losses, finishing third in a league of seven teams, the Spitfires drew the fourth place Niagara Falls Flyers in the league quarter-final. The Spits dropped game one 6-4 in Niagara Falls, while in two the Spits tied the series with a 6-4 win of their own at home. Back in Niagara, the Flyers shellacked the Spitfires 7-2 to take the lead again. The fourth game was a disaster for the Spitfires, at home they blew a third period deadlock to lose 7-5, in game five, the Spitfires needed to make a change
39.
Ilya Kovalchuk
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Ilya Valeryevich Kovalchuk is a Russian professional ice hockey left winger currently playing for SKA Saint Petersburg of the Kontinental Hockey League. He debuted in the Vysshaya Liga with Spartak Moscow, before continuing his career in the National Hockey League, drafted first overall in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft by the Atlanta Thrashers, he began his NHL career with them in 2001–02. Three years later, he retired from the NHL on July 11,2013, Kovalchuk is fifth all-time in overtime goals scored, and 18th all time in goals per game average. He is the seventh highest scoring Russian in NHL history, Kovalchuk was nominated for the Calder Memorial Trophy as league rookie-of-the-year. He is a three-time NHL All-Star and won the Maurice Rocket Richard Trophy as the leagues leading goal-scorer in 2004 in a tie with Jarome Iginla. Ilya met his wife, Nicole Andrazajtis, in 2002 after being introduced by mutual friends. Nicole was a known singer at the time in Russia and was part of the group Mirage. They married in 2008 at Church of Dormition in Russia, together they have four children, daughters Karolina and Eva, born in 2006 and 2015, and sons Philipp and Artem, born in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Kovalchuk played for Vysshaya Liga club Spartak Moscow for two seasons before entering the NHL, drafted by the Thrashers first overall in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft, he became the first Russian to be drafted first overall in the NHLs history. In club-level competition, Kovalchuk wore the number 17 as a tribute to Valeri Kharlamov, entering his NHL rookie season in 2001–02, Kovalchuk scored 29 goals and 51 points despite missing 17 games with a season-ending shoulder injury. He finished second in voting to teammate Dany Heatley for the Calder Trophy as league rookie of the year, both were named to the NHL All-Rookie Team. He also added 46 assists for 87 points, tying him with Joe Sakic of the Colorado Avalanche for second in the league that season, Kovalchuk also participated in his first NHL All-Star Game in 2004. Due to the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Kovalchuk returned to Russia, after the lockout, Kovalchuk returned to the Thrashers and scored 52 goals, tying him with rookie Alexander Ovechkin of the Washington Capitals for third in the league in scoring. He also tied his career-high of 46 assists for a career-high 98 points, leading the Thrashers in team scoring for the consecutive season. He also became the first Thrashers player to score 50 goals in a season, in the 2006–07 NHL season, Kovalchuks point production dropped for the first time in his career. He finished with 42 goals and 34 assists for 76 points, during a game against the Nashville Predators on January 11,2006, Predators coach Barry Trotz accused Kovalchuk with always with an illegal stick. Trotz had asked the referees to check Kovalchuks stick following a Thrashers goal, despite his drop in production on the season, Kovalchuk and the Thrashers qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time in franchise history. Kovalchuk scored one goal and one assist in his NHL playoffs debut as the team lost in the round to the New York Rangers in four games
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Atlanta Thrashers
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The Atlanta Thrashers were an American professional ice hockey team based in Atlanta, Georgia. Atlanta was granted a franchise in the National Hockey League on June 25,1997 and they were members of the Southeast Division of the NHLs Eastern Conference, and played their home games at Philips Arena in downtown Atlanta. The Thrashers qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs only once, during the 2006–07 season in which won the Southeast Division. In May 2011, the Thrashers were sold to Canadian-based ownership group True North Sports & Entertainment, the group moved the franchise to Winnipeg, Manitoba, which became the second incarnation of the Winnipeg Jets. The sale and relocation were approved by the NHL on June 21,2011, with the sale and relocation of the team, Atlanta became the first city in the NHLs modern era to have two ice hockey teams relocate to different cities. In both cases, the team moved from Atlanta to Canada, the citys previous NHL team moved to Calgary, Alberta and this also included teams in Nashville, Columbus and St. Paul, in which each new franchise would begin play as its respective new arena was completed. The birth of the new franchise marked NHL hockeys return to Georgia, as the Atlanta Flames, established in 1972, departed for Canada in 1980 to become the Calgary Flames. The Flames had been the Leagues first foray into the southern U. S. the nickname Thrashers, after Georgias state bird, the brown thrasher, was selected from a fan poll. Thrashers had actually been runner-up to Flames in the poll, and Philips Arena, the Thrashers new home, was built on the site of the former Omni, which had been home to the Flames. The newly formed Thrashers selected Patrik Stefan with the first overall selection, the Thrashers played their first game on October 2,1999, losing 4–1 to the New Jersey Devils. Atlanta had the second pick in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft. The team also had a choice in the 2001 Draft. Tragedy struck the team just eight days after the sale, as star forward Dany Heatley crashed his Ferrari in an accident that seriously injured both himself and Thrashers center Dan Snyder. Heatley suffered a jaw and arm, a sprained wrist. The Thrashers dedicated their entire 2003–04 season to Snyders memory, and Thrashers players wore patches with Snyders number,37. Heatleys blood alcohol content was below the limit, but his combination of speeding and recklessness led to criminal charges. He eventually received three years probation and community service, led by captain Shawn McEachern, the Thrashers jumped quickly out of the gate with some notable highlights. Eleven games into the season, the Thrashers were alone in first place both the Southeast Division and the NHL
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