1.
Tiffin, Ohio
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Tiffin is a city in and the county seat of Seneca County, Ohio, United States. Tiffin is about 55 miles southeast of Toledo, the population was 17,963 at the 2010 census. The National Arbor Day Foundation has designated Tiffin as a Tree City USA and it is the home of Heidelberg University and Tiffin University. At one time it was noted as a glass and porcelain manufacturing center, Tiffin is home to several elementary schools, Tiffin Middle School, Calvert Catholic Schools, and Columbian High School. The history of Tiffin dates back to 1812, the familiar bronze statue of The Indian Maiden on Frost Parkway, near Miami Street, marks the site of Fort Ball, a military depot of the War of 1812. Fighting an engagement of war, Eratus Bowe first sighted the location upon which Tiffin now stands. In 1817, he returned to the site and built his Pan Yan Tavern, early homesteaders followed soon after Bowe, and the settlement of Oakley sprang up around the Pan Yan. The main traveled road of the area followed the path of the stagecoaches through Oakley, in 1821, Josiah Hedges purchased a piece of land on the south bank of the river opposite Oakley and founded another settlement. Tiffin was incorporated by an act of the Ohio Legislature on March 7,1835, in 1824, with the establishment of Seneca County by the Ohio Legislature, Tiffin became a county seat. The county took its name from the Seneca Indians, who originally were native to the territory, webster Industries, Inc. moved from Chicago to Tiffin in 1906. and Clifford O. Hanson founded The Hanson Clutch and Machinery Company in Tiffin. It was acquired by Pettibone in 1966, Pettibone LLC, which today is an affiliate of The Heico Companies, renamed the business unit Tiffin Parts in 1997. Operating at the site since the 1920s, the building on Miami Street is on the National Register of Historic Places. Tiffin was the home of Tiffin Glass Works from 1889 to 1980, Tiffin was the home of American Standard Company, maker of ceramic kitchen and bath products, from 1899 to 2007. It was the largest employer in the city, since the late 1970s, the city has lost industry. In the spring of 1913, the Upper Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys were ravaged by one of the most devastating floods in the regions history, among those communities which suffered the consequences of that flood was Tiffin, located on the Sandusky River in northwest Ohio. Tiffin has been the home of Ballreichs Bros, a potato chip company, since 1920. Tiffin St. Pauls United Methodist Church was the first church in the world to be lit by Edisons light bulb, Tiffin is home to a large population of German-Americans. In 1970 Tiffins highest population was 21,896. Tiffin is the home of the historic Ritz Theatre, built in 1928 as a house with an Italian Renaissance design
2.
George D. Chamberlain High School
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Chamberlain High School is a public high school in Tampa, Florida. It was opened in 1956 on North Boulevard, the school is named in honor of George D. Chamberlain, who served for several years as a trustee for the Hillsborough County School System. In 2011 Chamberlain was listed as an A School, this is a first in the schools history, the school offers a culinary academy based program sponsored by Outback Steakhouse. No other school in Hillsborough County offers this program, Chamberlain is also the only school in the Hillsborough County Public School District to offer Marine Corps JROTC, with about 150 cadets enrolled. In the 2016-2017 academic year, the student population numbered 1,739, Chamberlain High School website The Chieftain school newspaper
3.
Louisville Cardinals football
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The Louisville Cardinals Football team represents the University of Louisville in the sport of American football. The Cardinals compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, the team is currently coached by Bobby Petrino. The University of Louisville began playing football in 1912 where the Cardinals went 3–1, Louisville had played several years at club level and teams were mostly composed with medical students. Beginning in 1914 the Cardinals joined the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, due to financial difficulty Louisville did not participate in the 1917–1921 seasons. When the Cardinals did rejoin football they came back into the SIAA which was going through reorganization losing most major state schools, Tom King was the first coach to attempt to build a program at Louisville. King played college football at Notre Dame under Coach Palmer and Knute Rockne, King was an undersized end for the Irish and was known for his athleticism and speed. Before he came to the team for punt returns he was on the track team and basketball team. His experience at Notre Dame gave him ideas on developing a spread wing offense so his undersized players could be better utilized and he often recruited players like him, that had the ability to outrun their opponent. His first standout was Fred Koster, at only 160 pounds he was not big enough to play at Male High School, Koster drew national attention to Louisville in 1926 by racking up 68 points in his first 2 games of the season. In six games, Koster scored 18 touchdowns,10 extra points, Koster was an all-around athlete and was a letterman 16 times,4 times in each baseball, basketball, football, and track. Koster was a forward for the basketball team, leading the team in scoring two years. In baseball, Koster played professionally for 10 years for the Philadelphia Phillies as well as the league teams Louisville Colonels. Tom King had the program going in the direction until he decided to play Detroit for $10,000. Rockne who was coach at Notre Dame, and a fellow graduate called King. When King asked what was in it for Louisville Rockne replied $10,000, King served as head football coach for two more years but he also served as track, baseball, basketball and athletic director during his tenure at Louisville. Louisville athletics took a step back when Dr. Raymond Kent was announced as the new president of Louisville and he was outwardly opposed to collegiate sports. King on the advice of his friend Rockne moved on and in 1933 became assistant coach at Michigan State, Louisville fell quickly back into the Dark Ages of football and posted one winning season until World War II. With the onset of World War II, Louisville, like many college athletic programs around the country, was put on suspension until 1946, during that time Louisville played mostly within KIAC and posted a 73–118–8 record with a.378 winning percentage
4.
Barcelona Dragons
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The Barcelona Dragons were a team originally in the World League of American Football and later in the resurrected NFL Europe. Their home field in Barcelona was the Estadi Olímpic de Montjuic, the 1992 Olympic Stadium, the Dragons were successful on the field, making it to 4 World Bowls and winning World Bowl V in 1997. The team was part of the FC Barcelona organization in 2002 as the FC Barcelona Dragons. Despite these efforts, the fan support decreased and the team began to struggle financially. After the 2003 season, the Dragons were discontinued and they were replaced in the league by the Cologne Centurions, for the entire duration of the Dragons history they had only one head coach, Cowboy Jack Bicknell. His nickname was roughly translated by his city to El Caballero. From 1991–2002, Seymour Red Kelin was responsible for Defensive Coordinating duties, Bicknell and Kelin had been coaching together since their days at Boston College, where they helped lead the Eagles to a Cotton Bowl Classic victory in 1984. The Barcelona Dragons on FunWhileItLasted. net The Football Database
5.
Tampa Bay Storm
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The Tampa Bay Storm are a professional arena football team based in Tampa, Florida, U. S. They were a member of the American Conference in the Arena Football League until the league ceased to be divided into conferences due to contraction. The team, along with the Chicago Bruisers, Denver Dynamite and Washington Commandos, joined the AFL as one of the charter franchises, the franchise was originally located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and known as the Pittsburgh Gladiators. The franchise relocated to Tampa Bay in 1991, changing its name in the process, the team played in St. Petersburg from 1991–1996, then in Tampa until 2008, after which point the AFL suspended operations and did not return until the 2010 season following the leagues restructuring. It has been in the city for longer than any other AFL team. During its tenure the franchise won five ArenaBowl championships, with 231 wins at the end of the 2016 season, the Storm has won far more games than any other team in AFL history. However, the current decade has not proven kind to the Storm as the teams last winning record was in the 2010 season, the club is currently owned by Jeffrey Vinik, also the owner of the NHLs Tampa Bay Lightning. Home games are played at the Amalie Arena in Tampa, unlike in the case of Green Bay, Wisconsin, there is no municipality known as Tampa Bay. The Tampa Bay in the names of local professional sports franchises denotes that they represent the entire region, along with its traditional rivals, the Orlando Predators, the Storm shares the Arena Football League record for the longest tenure by a franchise in a single market area. It is also the last of the four franchises to have operated in continuous existence from the formation of the league in 1987 until the present. When arena football was first announced in 1986, Jim Foster targeted Pittsburgh, the franchise was originally known as the Pittsburgh Gladiators, and was one of the original four AFL teams formed in 1987. The team was named by Robert Ninehouser whose entry for the name was selected in 1987. They originally played their games at the Pittsburgh Civic Arena in Pittsburgh. On June 19,1987, the Gladiators defeated the Washington Commandos 48–46 in the first ever AFL regular season game, the Gladiators participated in ArenaBowls I and III, losing both. The team moved from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Tampa, Florida in 1991, the Cleveland Arena Football League franchise now bears the Gladiators name, however, the two organizations share no link in history nor records. The Storm won the ArenaBowl in its first season in Tampa Bay and has won four subsequent championships, up to the 2006 season, the Storm had qualified for the playoffs in every season but one during their time in Tampa Bay. The team played in the former Thunder Dome in St. Petersburg from 1991–1996, since 1997, the team has played its home games in the Amalie Arena which is located in Tampa. After the 1994 season, Greis sold the team to Peter Woody Kern for $850,000, kerns first move as the Storm owner was the hiring of coach Tim Marcum, who is widely regarded as the greatest coach in Arena Football history
6.
Orlando Predators
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The Orlando Predators were a professional arena football team based in Orlando, Florida and member of the Arena Football League. The team was most recently owned by Orlando Predators LLC, a company owned by David A. Siegel, the team was founded in 1991 as an expansion team of the AFL. The team advanced to the playoffs 19 consecutive seasons between 1992 and 2011, becoming the ArenaBowl champions in 1998 and 2000 during that span, the team suspended operations after the 2016 season. In just their second season however, they advanced to ArenaBowl VI, only to fall to the Detroit Drive, annually among the league-leaders in attendance, they qualified for the playoffs in 18 consecutive seasons, the longest streak in the original AFL. One noted administrator for the Predators was Pro Football Hall of Fame lineman, Jack Youngblood and he was with the team through the 1999 season. For much of their existence in the original AFL their head coach was Jay Gruden, Jay was the first quarterback in the AFL Hall of Fame. Orlando won the ArenaBowl in 1998 and 2000 under Grudens coaching and he then attempted a comeback as a player, but subsequently returned to coaching following the death of his head coach replacement, Fran Papasedero, in a car accident. The Predators are undoubtedly one of the franchises in the history of the original AFL, and have a legendary rivalry with Tampa Bay. They have met twice in the ArenaBowl, with Tampa Bay winning in 1995, the rivalry, nicknamed the War on I-4 after the interstate that connects the two cities, intensified when Gruden took over as Orlandos head coach. Orlando and Tampa Bay have each lasted longer in their markets than any other AFL franchise, the Predators are unique in that they had played in their previous venue, Amway Arena, for 18 seasons in the AFL, longer than any other team. They shared Amway Arena with the Orlando Magic of the NBA, the 2010 season was the Predators 19th and final season at Amway Arena. The team will move to Amway Center, the new arena in Orlando, a Predators game was the final sporting event ever performed at Amway Arena. The Tampa Bay Storm can surpass that record of 19 seasons in one if they stay at the Tampa Bay Times Forum until 2018. The teams current mascot is a human named Klaw who looks much like the alien from the Predator films. The Predators have played in the ArenaBowl a total of seven times, if you include the Pittsburgh Gladiators two ArenaBowl games before they moved to Tampa Bay, the Storm is the only team that has more. During the 2007 season, the Predators inaugurated the Predator Fan Hall Of Fame, the inaugural inductees are Nancy Morris & Richard Grabe. Morris, who has been a superfan for over 20 years, is known to most of the team and the front office as The PredMom, after moving to the new Amway Center, the majority of PredHeads sit in section 114, and tailgate under I-4 in lot 9. The Predators maintained their organization and web presence after the AFL suspended operations in August 2009
7.
Nashville Kats
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The Nashville Kats were an Arena Football League team, located in Nashville, Tennessee. They were last coached by Pat Sperduto, who coached the original incarnation to two ArenaBowl appearances prior to the original franchises move to Atlanta in 2002. Sperduto also coached the second incarnation of the Nashville Kats following their return to the Arena Football League as a team in 2005. The team began as the Nashville Kats in 1997, the original Kats played in the then-named Nashville Arena in downtown Nashville. The team was named for the 1967 hit Nashville Cats by The Lovin Spoonful, the teams logo featured an anthropomorphic tabby wearing a 1950s-style leather jacket, holding the neck of a guitar in one paw and juggling a football with the other. The Kats were initially coached by Eddie Khayat in 1997 and 1998, Gruden then returned to active play with the Orlando Predators and assistant to his brother Jon, then head coach of the NFL ]Tampa Bay Buccaneers, which played in the AFL off-season. Khayat was succeeded as Kats head coach by Pat Sperduto for the balance of the time in Nashville. The Kats were the leagues Organization of the Year for their year of 1997. Following the move to Atlanta, this team would be rechristened the Georgia Force, shortly after the original teams departure from Nashville, Bud Adams, the owner of the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League, purchased the rights to an expansion franchise in Nashville. Initially, Adams was unable to negotiate a lease with the Nashville Predators to return the team to then-Gaylord Entertainment Center on terms he deemed to be adequately favorable, ultimately, the Predators agreed to a deal with Adams during the summer of 2004. Following the new agreement, Adams announced that the expansion Kats would begin play for the 2005 season, while the majority of the new team was owned by Adams, country music singer Tim McGraw was brought in as a minority investor. McGraw, his wife Faith Hill, and their children were seen on the first row of sideline seats along the south endzone. As a tie-in with McGraw, the PA system played his hit I Like It, the second incarnation of the Nashville Kats began play in 2005 at the then-Gaylord Entertainment Center, the home of the original Kats team. When the Kats were revived as a team, the new team re-assumed from the Georgia Force all Nashville Kats history prior to the franchises move to Atlanta. This was an arrangement similar to the one made in the NFL with the Cleveland Browns, the revived logo was almost identical to the original logo. The noteworthy exceptions were the ball and the scheme of the logo. New team uniforms also adopted the Tennessee Titans color scheme, going from the dark blue/silver/white combination of the team to a new scheme including Titans light blue/red/white. The new team introduced a new in-arena mascot named Kool Kat
8.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
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The Tampa Bay Buccaneers are a professional American football franchise based in Tampa, Florida. The Buccaneers currently compete in the National Football League as a team of the National Football Conference South division. Along with the Seattle Seahawks, the joined the NFL in 1976 as an expansion team. After the season, the club switched conferences with the Seahawks, during the 2002 league realignment, the Bucs joined three former NFC West teams to form the NFC South. The club is owned by the Glazer family, and plays its games at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa. They are also the first team since the merger to complete a season when starting 10 or more rookies. In 1976 and 1977, the Buccaneers lost their first 26 games, after a brief winning era in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the team suffered through 14 consecutive losing seasons. Over the course of 41 seasons, the Buccaneers have compiled an record of 256–402–1, with a regular-season record of 250–393–1. Unlike in the case of Green Bay, Wisconsin, there is no municipality known as Tampa Bay. The Tampa Bay in the names of local professional sports franchises, such as the Buccaneers, Rowdies, Rays, Lightning and Storm, denotes that they represent the entire region, the Tampa Bay expansion franchise was originally awarded to Tom McCloskey, a construction company owner from Philadelphia. McCloskey soon entered a dispute with the NFL, so the league found a replacement in Hugh Culverhouse. A name-the-team contest resulted in the nickname Buccaneers, a reference to the legends of Southwest Florida. They were one of the few teams to wear white home uniforms, the teams first home was Tampa Stadium, which had recently been expanded to seat just over 72,500 fans. Steve Spurrier was the quarterback for Tampa Bay during their expansion season, the Buccaneers joined the NFL as members of the AFC West in 1976. The following year, they were moved to the NFC Central, while the other 1976 expansion team, the Seattle Seahawks, switched conferences with Tampa Bay and joined the AFC West. This realignment was dictated by the league as part of the 1976 expansion plan, instead of a traditional schedule of playing each division opponent twice, the Buccaneers played every conference team once, plus the Seahawks. Tampa Bay did not win their first game until the 13th week of their second season, until the Detroit Lions in 2008, the 1976 Bucs held the dubious title as the worst team in NFL history. Their losing streak caused them to become the butt of late-night television comedians jokes and their first win came in December 1977, on the road against the New Orleans Saints
9.
2002 NFL season
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The 2002 NFL season was the 83rd regular season of the National Football League. The league went back to a number of teams, expanding to 32 teams with the addition of the Houston Texans. The clubs were then realigned into eight divisions, four teams in each, also, the Chicago Bears played the 2002 season in Champaign, Illinois at Memorial Stadium because of the reconstruction of their home stadium Soldier Field. The NFL title was won by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers when they defeated the Oakland Raiders 48–21 in Super Bowl XXXVII, at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego. With the Houston Texans joining the NFL, the teams were realigned into eight divisions, four teams in each division. In creating the new divisions, the tried to maintain the historical rivalries from the old alignment. The major changes were, The Seattle Seahawks became the team to switch conferences twice. The Arizona Cardinals moved from the NFC East to the NFC West and they had originally played in Chicago and then St. Louis before moving to Phoenix in 1988. The Indianapolis Colts, the Jacksonville Jaguars, the Tennessee Titans, the Atlanta Falcons, the Carolina Panthers, the New Orleans Saints, and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers were placed into the newly formed NFC South. Both the AFC Central and the NFC Central were renamed AFC North and NFC North and they retained their team placement, minus the Titans, Jaguars and Buccaneers of their respective conferences. From 1999 to 2001, at least one team sat out each week because of an odd number of teams in the league. Under the new scheduling formula, only two of a teams games each season are based on the previous record, down from four under the previous system. All teams play four interconference games, an analysis of win percentages in 2008 showed a statistical trend upwards for top teams since this change, the top team each year then averaged 14.2 wins, versus 13.4 previously. The playoff format was modified, four division winners and two wild cards from each conference now advance to the playoffs, instead of three division winners and three wild cards. In each conference, the winners are now seeded 1 through 4. In the current system, the way a wild card team can host a playoff game is if both teams in the conferences championship game are wild cards. Since 1990, the number of teams is still 12. A player who touches a pylon remains in-bounds until any part of his body touches the ground out-of-bounds, continuing-action fouls now become dead-ball fouls and will result in the loss of down and distance
10.
2008 NFL season
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The 2008 NFL season was the 89th regular season of the National Football League, themed with the slogan Believe in Now. Conversely, the Detroit Lions became the first NFL team with a season since the strike-shortened 1982 NFL season. For the first time since the NFL expanded to the sixteen game season in 1978, previously two teams won two or fewer games in 1979,1981,1985,1992 and 2001. In preseason games, the annual Pro Football Hall of Fame Game was played August 3 between the Indianapolis Colts and Washington Redskins, which aired on NBC. Other preseason highlights included the first game of the Toronto Series, the Bills won that game, 24–21. The games kickoff was ninety minutes earlier than years, at 7 p. m. EDT. Other featured games during the week included the NBC Sunday Night Football game between the Chicago Bears and the Indianapolis Colts, in which the Kyle Orton-led Bears upset the Colts 29–13. Also, New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady suffered a season ending injury against the Kansas City Chiefs, the 2008 season also was the third season of the use of the flexible scheduling for Sunday games starting with Week 11. This was the second season that the league played at least one regular season game outside the United States as part of its International Series. The contest between the San Diego Chargers and the New Orleans Saints was played at Wembley Stadium in London on October 26, the Chargers played at Buffalo the week beforehand on October 19 so they could immediately travel to London afterward in order to get used to the time difference. The league has also approved the Bills’ request to play at least one regular season game at Torontos Rogers Centre over each of the next five seasons. Team owner Ralph Wilson petitioned the league to play at least one game in Canada to strengthen his clubs fan base in Ontario, the game in Toronto was on December 7, after the end of the 2008 CFL season, against the Miami Dolphins, Miami won 16–3. CBS televised both games regionally, the Toronto game was carried across Canada on Rogers Sportsnet and City TV, a third game on NFL Network, featuring the Arizona Cardinals and the Philadelphia Eagles followed at 8,15 PM EST. The NFLs Pro Bowl all-star game at the end of the season was played at Aloha Stadium in the Honolulu, the league had the option under their current contract to hold the game elsewhere, including the possibility of moving it to the host site of the Super Bowl. W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PCT = Winning Percentage, PF= Points For, PA = Points Against Playoff seeds are marked in parentheses, Giants clinched the NFC #1 seed over Carolina based on a head-to-head victory. B Miami finished ahead of New England in the AFC East based on conference record. C San Diego finished ahead of Denver in the AFC West based on a division record. D Baltimore clinched the AFC #6 seed over New England based on a conference record
11.
Virginia Destroyers
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The Virginia Destroyers were a professional American football team based in Virginia Beach, Virginia. They began play in the United Football League in the 2011 season and they played their home games at the Virginia Beach Sportsplex. The team succeeded the Florida Tuskers, a charter UFL franchise based in Orlando, Florida, the Tuskers appeared in the first two UFL Championship Games, losing both to the Las Vegas Locomotives. The Destroyers business license expired March 1,2013, the team had ceased operations several weeks prior. Orlando was awarded a franchise for the UFLs 2009 season, former New Orleans Saints and St. Louis Rams head coach Jim Haslett was named the first head coach of the team on March 11,2009. Tryouts for the four teams that would play in the 2009 season took place in Orlando and Las Vegas during the summer, with the draft taking place on June 19. With their first selection, the Tuskers picked Fred Bledsoe, who had gone undrafted in the 2008 NFL Draft before signing with the Green Bay Packers as a squad member. The teams name, along with its colors and uniforms, were unveiled to the public in August, on the same day it was announced that the Tampa Bay Rays had bought interest in the team. In their inaugural season, the Tuskers were led by quarterback Brooks Bollinger, Bollinger was the league leader in passing yards, while Biddle led in receiving yards. On the defensive side of the ball, Odell Thurman led the team in tackles, Patrick Chukwurah was the leader in sacks. The team was noted for having a number of former players from the nearby Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Among the Buccaneer alumni was Matt Bryant, noted for having kicked a game-winning 62-yard field goal as time expired. Other ex-Bucs included Micheal Spurlock, the first player in Tampa Bay history to return a kickoff for a touchdown, the Tuskers put together a league-best undefeated 6–0 record in the regular season, clinching a spot in the championship game in Week 4. However in the game, the Tuskers were beaten by the Las Vegas Locomotives. Despite the team being unable to complete a season, Jim Haslett was named Coach of the Year. In January 2010, head coach Jim Haslett left the team to become the coordinator for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League. On February 9,2010, UFL commissioner Michael Huyghue named Jay Gruden as head coach, on the same day it was announced that the Tampa Bay Rays had sold their interest in the team, meaning the Tuskers would be fully based in Orlando for the 2010 season. After several months of ownership, a group led by Joe Theismann purchased the team in October 2010
12.
Cincinnati Bengals
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The Cincinnati Bengals are a professional American football franchise based in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Bengals currently compete in the National Football League as a club of the leagues American Football Conference North division. Their home stadium is Paul Brown Stadium in downtown Cincinnati and their current head coach is Marvin Lewis, who has held the position since 2003 and is currently the second-longest tenured head coach in the NFL, behind the New England Patriots Bill Belichick. Their chief rivals are the Pittsburgh Steelers, Cleveland Browns, the Bengals were founded in 1966 as a member of the American Football League by former Cleveland Browns head coach Paul Brown. Brown was the Bengals head coach from their inception to 1975, after being dismissed as the Browns head coach by Art Modell in January 1963, Brown had shown interest in establishing another NFL franchise in Ohio and looked at both Cincinnati and Columbus. Due to the merger of the AFL and the NFL. The Bengals, like the other former AFL teams, were assigned to the AFC following the merger, Cincinnati was also selected because, like their neighbors the Reds, they could draw from several large neighboring cities that are all no more than 110 miles away from downtown Cincinnati. The Bengals won the AFC championship in 1981 and 1988, but lost Super Bowls XVI, after Paul Browns death in 1991, controlling interest in the team was inherited by his son, Mike Brown. In 2011, Brown purchased shares of the owned by the estate of co-founder Austin Knowlton and is now the majority owner of the Bengals franchise. The 1990s and the 2000s were a period of great struggle, following the 1990 season, the team went fourteen years without posting a winning record nor making the playoffs. The Bengals had several head coaches and several of their top draft picks did not pan out, Mike Brown, the teams de facto general manager, was rated as among the worst team owners in American professional sports. Since the mid-2000s, the teams fortunes have improved, two years after becoming head coach, Lewis guided the Bengals to their first winning season and first division title in over a decade. After the acquisition of Andy Dalton as quarterback in 2011, the Bengals had made the playoffs each season until 2016, the Bengals drafts are also highly touted, leading to a consistency that had long escaped the franchise. However, the team has remained unable to win in the postseason and have not won a game since 1990. The Bengals are one of the 13 NFL teams to not have won a Super Bowl as of the 2016 season, the franchise takes its name from an earlier Cincinnati Bengals team, which played from 1937–1941. It also was a nod to Paul Browns Massillon, Ohio, in 1967, an ownership group led by Paul Brown was granted a franchise in the American Football League. Brown named the team the Bengals in order to give it a link with past professional football in Cincinnati, another Bengals team had existed in the city and played in three previous American Football Leagues from 1937 to 1942. The citys world-renowned zoo was home to a rare white Bengal tiger
13.
2013 NFL season
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The 2013 NFL season was the 94th season in the history of the National Football League. The Super Bowl was played at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey on Sunday and it was the first Super Bowl hosted by New Jersey and the first to be held outdoors in a cold weather environment. The Seahawks scored 12 seconds into the game and held the lead the rest of the way, Manning also was named the Offensive Player of the Year for the second time in his career. Carolina Panthers linebacker Luke Kuechly earned Defensive Player of the Year honors, scoring reached historic levels throughout the league in 2013. As a whole the league set records for points scored, points scored per game. The Broncos set a new standard for scoring in the regular season with 606 points. In addition to the Broncos, ten teams each scored over 400 points. The regular season got underway on Thursday, September 5,2013, the regular season wrapped up on Sunday night, December 29. The playoffs began with the wild card round which took place the first weekend of January 2014, both home teams prevailed to set up just the second Super Bowl matchup of #1 seeds in the past 20 seasons. The 2013 league year began at 4 pm EST on March 12, the per-team salary cap was set at US$123,000,000. This period, which was referred to by some as the legal tampering period, a total of 524 players were eligible for some form of free agency. Eight players were assigned the franchise tag by their teams. These players were Brandon Albert, Jairus Byrd, Ryan Clady, Michael Johnson, Pat McAfee, Henry Melton, Anthony Spencer, none of these players changed teams. Smith had been the first overall selection of the 2005 NFL Draft, March 11 – Wide receiver Percy Harvin was traded by the Vikings to the Seahawks for the Seahawks 2013 first-round and seventh-round selections as well as the Seahawks third-round pick in 2014. The Seahawks subsequently signed Harvin to a 6-year, $67 million contract extension which includes $25.5 million in guaranteed money, March 11 – The 49ers acquired wide receiver Anquan Boldin from the Ravens for a sixth-round selection in the 2013 draft. Boldin, a three-time Pro Bowler and former Offensive Rookie of the Year, had refused to accept a pay cut that the Ravens had requested, April 21 – Cornerback Darrelle Revis was traded by the Jets to the Buccaneers. The Jets received the Bucs first round pick in 2013, the 13th overall selection and a conditional pick which would become the Bucs fourth-round selection in 2014. The Bucs signed Revis to a 6-year, $96 million contract, in-season September 18 – In a bit of a shocking mid-season move the Browns traded running back Trent Richardson to the Colts in exchange for the Colts first-round pick in the 2014 draft
14.
Washington Redskins
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The Washington Redskins are a professional American football team based in the Washington metropolitan area. The Redskins compete in the National Football League as a member of the National Football Conference East division. The Redskins have played more than 1,000 games since 1932, the Redskins have won five NFL Championships. The franchise has captured 14 NFL divisional titles and six NFL conference championships, the Redskins were the first team in the NFL with an official marching band, and also the first team to have a fight song, Hail to the Redskins. The team began play as the Boston Braves in 1932, based in Boston, before relocating to Washington, the Redskins won the 1937 and 1942 Championship games, as well as Super Bowls XVII, XXII, and XXVI. They also played in, and lost, the 1936,1940,1943 and they have made 24 postseason appearances, and have an overall postseason record of 23–18. All of the Redskins league titles were attained during two 10-year spans, from 1936 to 1945, the Redskins went to the NFL Championship six times, winning two of them. The second period lasted between 1982 and 1991 where the Redskins appeared in the seven times, captured four Conference titles. The Redskins have also experienced failure in their history, the most notable period of general failure was from 1946 to 1970, during which the Redskins posted only four winning seasons and did not have a single postseason appearance. During this period, the Redskins went without a winning season during the years 1956–1968. In 1961, the franchise posted their worst regular season record with a 1–12–1 showing, since 1992, the Redskins have only won the NFC East three times, made five postseason appearances, and had nine seasons with a winning record.85 billion. They also set the NFL record for attendance in 2007. The team name and logo have been the subject of controversy, with lawsuits being filed by Native American groups who consider the team name, polls conducted in the 2010s have shown a lack of major support among fans for a name change. The team originated as the Boston Braves, based in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1932, at the time the team played in Braves Field, home of the Boston Braves baseball team. The following year the club moved to Fenway Park, home of the Boston Red Sox, to round out the change, Marshall hired William Lone Star Dietz, who was part Sioux, as the teams head coach. However, Boston wasnt much of a town at the time. The Redskins relocated to Washington, D. C. in 1937, in their early years in Washington, the Redskins shared Griffith Stadium with the Washington Senators baseball team. The Redskins played and won their first game in Washington, D. C. on September 16,1937, on December 5,1937, they earned their first division title in Washington against the Giants, 49–14, for the Eastern Championship
15.
2014 NFL season
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The 2014 NFL season was the 95th season in the history of the National Football League. The 2014 league year began at 4 pm EST on March 11, the per-team salary cap was set at US$133 million, a $10 million increase from the previous year. A total of 471 players were eligible for some form of free agency at the beginning of the free agency period, in addition, a number of highly paid players were released after the start of the league year to allow their teams to regain space under the salary cap. These players were defensive end Greg Hardy, tight end Jimmy Graham, placekicker Nick Folk, players given the transition tag were Jason Worilds and Alex Mack. Mack signed a five-year, $42 million offer sheet with the Jacksonville Jaguars which included $26 million in guaranteed money, the Browns matched the offer and retained Mack who became the leagues highest paid center. One restricted free agent switched teams in 2014, wide receiver Andrew Hawkins of the Bengals was signed by the Browns, restricted free agents are players with three or fewer seasons in the league whose contracts have expired. Teams may tender contract offers which allow them to match offers from other teams, Hawkins was tendered at the minimum level, which means the Bengals would not receive any draft compensation. The Browns signed him to a $13.6 million, four-year offer, Saints safety Rafael Bush signed an offer from the Falcons, but the Saints retained Bush by matching the offer. The 2014 NFL Draft was held May 8–10,2014, in New York City, the draft process began with the NFL Scouting Combine, where draft-eligible players were evaluated by team personnel, which was held in Indianapolis on February 19–25. The draft included a number of 98 non-seniors. In the draft the Houston Texans made University of South Carolina defensive end, there was discussion leading up to the draft as to the future of the event in New York City, where it had been held since 1965. Given the increased interest in the draft over the past decade, there was a belief that the event may have outgrown Radio City Music Hall, the possibility of extending the draft to four days was also being discussed. On October 2,2014, Auditorium Theatre in Chicago was announced as the site for the following years draft. Training camps for the 2014 season were held in late July through August, teams may start training camp no earlier than 15 days before the teams first scheduled preseason game. Prior to the start of the season, each team played four preseason exhibition games. The preseason schedule got underway with the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game on Sunday evening, the Hall of Fame game is a traditional part of the annual Pro Football Hall of Fame induction weekend celebrating new Hall of Fame members. It was played at Fawcett Stadium which is located adjacent to the Hall of Fame building in Canton, the game, which was televised in the U. S. on NBC, featured the New York Giants and Buffalo Bills, with the Giants winning 17–13. The others who were inducted into the Hall of Fame are linebacker Derrick Brooks, punter Ray Guy, defensive end Claude Humphrey, offensive tackle Walter Jones, the 65-game preseason schedule wrapped up on Thursday, August 28, a week before the start of the regular season
16.
ArenaBowl
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The ArenaBowl is the Arena Football Leagues championship game. From 1987 to 2004, the ArenaBowl was hosted by either the team with the better regular-season record or the higher seeding in the playoffs, from ArenaBowl XIX in 2005 until ArenaBowl XXII in 2008, the game was played at a neutral site. When the AFL returned from a hiatus in 2010, the original format was used for this and the next season, for 2012 and 2013. In 2014, it was announced that the ArenaBowl would return to the format in which the team would host the game. The current ArenaBowl Champions are the Philadelphia Soul, who won their second ArenaBowl championship in 2016. The 2016 ArenaBowl was played on August 26 between the Philadelphia Soul and the Arizona Rattlers, the time in the past five years that these two teams have met in the ArenaBowl. * Neutral Site The Pittsburgh Gladiators relocated in 1991 to become the Tampa Bay Storm, the Nashville Kats relocated in 2002 to become the Georgia Force. The Kats were brought back as a team in 2005
17.
ArenaBowl V
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ArenaBowl 91 was the Arena Football Leagues fifth ArenaBowl. The game featured the #2 Tampa Bay Storm against the #1 Detroit Drive, in the second quarter, Tampa Bay struck back with Gruden completing a 13-yard touchdown pass to WR/LB Stevie Thomas. While Detroit could only answer with Kicker Novo Bojovic getting a 46-yard field goal, with the win, not only did Tampa Bay win its first-ever ArenaBowl title, but they also prevented Detroit from winning its fourth consecutive league title
18.
ArenaBowl VII
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ArenaBowl 93 was the Arena Football Leagues seventh Arena Bowl. The game featured the number 3 Tampa Bay Storm of the National Conference against the number 1 Detroit Drive of the American Conference, the Storm defeated the Drive by the score of 51–31, winning their second ArenaBowl in team history, and their second one in three years. In the first quarter, the Storm struck first with kicker Arden Czyzewski getting a 24-yard field goal, Detroit answered with QB Gilbert Renfoe completing a 27-yard touchdown pass to OS George LaFrance, yet Tampa Bay replied with Gruden completing an 18-yard touchdown pass to WR-DB Amod Field. The Drive got another touchdown as Renfoe completed a pass to OL-DL James Goode. In the fourth quarter, the Storm continued on its lead with Gruden completing a touchdown pass to WR/LB Downtown Eddie Brown. All that was left of the Drives comeback hopes was FB/LB Tony Burse getting a touchdown run. Tampa Bay wrapped up the game with FB/LB Les Barley getting a touchdown run. With the win, the Storm got its second ArenaBowl title in three seasons
19.
ArenaBowl IX
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ArenaBowl IX was the Arena Football Leagues ninth ArenaBowl. The game featured the #6 Orlando Predators of the National Conference against the #1 Tampa Bay Storm and this would be the very first ArenaBowl to have the War on I-4 rivalry featured in it. For the Predators, this was their third ArenaBowl appearance in their first five years of existence, for the Storm, this was their fourth overall appearance with a chance to get three titles in five years. In the first quarter, Orlando made the move with WR/DB Barry Wagner getting a two-yard touchdown run. Tampa Bay responded with quarterback Jay Gruden completing a 10-yard touchdown pass to WR/LB Stevie Thomas, in the second quarter, it was all Tampa Bay, Gruden and LaFrance hooked up with each other on a 3-yard and a one-yard touchdown pass to take the lead going into halftime
20.
ArenaBowl X
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ArenaBowl X was the Arena Football Leagues tenth ArenaBowl. The game featured the #2 Tampa Bay Storm of the National Conference against the #1 Iowa Barnstormers of the American Conference, both teams ended their regular seasons at 12-2, yet Iowa had a better conference record. For the Storm, they were hoping to get their fourth title in six overall appearances. The Storm would wrap up the period with Gruden completing a 30-yard touchdown pass to OS George LaFrance, afterwards, Thomas would return an interception nine yards for a touchdown. The Barnstormers would wrap up the half with FB/LB Ron Moran getting a touchdown run. In the third quarter, the Storm increased its lead with Gruden completing a 21-yard touchdown pass to FB/LB Ivan Caesar, yet Iowa responded with kicker Mike Black getting a 32-yard field goal. Afterwards, Warner would lead Iowa on a game drive to the Storms one-yard, yet on four-straight downs. With the win, the Storm claimed its fourth title in six seasons
21.
Arena Football Hall of Fame
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The Arena Football Hall of Fame is the official Hall of Fame of the Arena Football League. The inaugural class was in 1998 and was not formally organized until 2011, prior to 2011, there were four classes, 1998–2000 and then another in 2002. The Arena Football Hall of Fame is the highest honor for players, coaches, the voting process consists of fans and current Hall of Fame members voting on the finalists. A player who has played after the 1989 season must have played a minimum of three seasons, a player must be retired for a minimum of three full seasons. A coach must be active for a minimum of five seasons, there is no minimum number of seasons required for contributors, but significant advancement of the AFL is a prerequisite. There is currently no physical location for the Arena Football Hall of Fame and this ceremony takes place prior to the game and will feature highlights as well as speeches from each of the inductees, each of the Hall of Fame Games are aired on CBS Sports Network annually. The list is complete up to date 2014 Hall of Fame class, J. Gruden is already inducted for his playing career and thus would be the first to be inducted twice as the hall is currently configured. Warner was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2017, Pro Football Hall of Fame Canadian Football Hall of Fame Official website
22.
Arena Bowl XII
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Arena Bowl XII was the Arena Football Leagues twelfth Arena Bowl, which took place August 23,1998. It pitted the #4 Orlando Predators of the National Conference against the #1 Tampa Bay Storm and this was the second and final ArenaBowl to have the War on I-4 rivalry on the big stage. For the Predators, it was their fourth ArenaBowl appearance in their eight years of existence and this year, they were under the command of first-year head coach Jay Gruden. For the Storm, this was their overall appearance as they were going for their fifth ArenaBowl title in eight seasons. Not only did they face their arch-rivals from Orlando, but they also had face their former player in Jay Gruden. Orlando would respond with QB Pat OHara completing a 23-yard TD pass to OS Robert Gordon, yet Tampa Bay answered with Willis and LaFrance hooking up with each other again on a 9-yard TD pass. In the second quarter, the Predators drew closer with back-up QB Connell Maynor getting a 3-yard TD run, afterwards, Orlando took the lead prior to halftime with FB/LB Rick Hamilton getting a 36-yard TD run. Barry Wagner set up Hamilton s 10-yard run by intercepting WR/DB Barry Wagner returning a missed field goal 48 yards for a touchdown, the only response that Tampa Bay could show was Willis and LaFrance hooking up with each other yet again on a 7-yard TD pass. Afterwards, Orlando wrapped up the period with Cool kicking a 20-yard field goal, in the fourth quarter, the Predators continued its beatdown with DS Damon Mason returning an interception 22 yards for a touchdown. All that was left of the Storms firepower was Willis 8-yard TD pass to WR/LB Stevie Thomas, immediately afterwards, Orlando wrapped up its very first Arena Bowl title with Gordon returning a kickoff 8 yards for a touchdown
23.
ArenaBowl XIV
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ArenaBowl XIV is widely hailed as one of the most exciting games in ArenaBowl history, ranking alongside classics such as ArenaBowl XVIII and ArenaBowl XIX. Featuring two teams from the Arena Football Leagues Southern Division, the game went as a Southern Division game might be expected to, a low-scoring, largely defensive struggle. The Orlando Predators got out to a fast start in ArenaBowl XIV, opening the game with a safety, the score remained that way for nearly eight minutes until Nashvilles William Gaines recorded a safety, seemingly awakening the Kats and beginning a furious comeback. A field goal by Orlandos David Cool was followed by a pass from Maynor to Bret Cooper. Nashvilles momentum was slowed by the loss of Kelly, who left with a knee injury and was replaced by rookie backup James Brown. Defense again took over as the game went scoreless until the Predators drove down the field to set up a potentially game-winning 19-yard field goal by Cool as time expired. Cool had struggled all game, having missed two extra points and three goals, but was able to convert this one, giving Orlando the 41-38 win. ArenaFan Box Score Box Score and Summary from Arenabowl. com
24.
Super Bowl
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The Super Bowl is the annual championship game of the National Football League. The game is the culmination to a season that begins in the late summer of the previous calendar year. Normally, Roman numerals are used to each game, rather than the year in which it is held. For example, Super Bowl I was played on January 15,1967, the single exception to this rule is Super Bowl 50, which was played on February 7,2016, following the 2015 regular season. The next game, Super Bowl LII, scheduled for February 4,2018, the game was created as part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then-rival league, the American Football League. It was agreed that the two champion teams would play in the AFL–NFL World Championship Game until the merger was to officially begin in 1970. After the merger, each league was redesignated as a conference, currently, the National Football Conference leads the league with 26 wins to 25 wins for the American Football Conference. The Pittsburgh Steelers have the most Super Bowl championship titles, with six, the New England Patriots have the most Super Bowl appearances, with nine. The day on which the Super Bowl is played, now considered by some as an unofficial American national holiday, is called Super Bowl Sunday and it is the second-largest day for U. S. food consumption, after Thanksgiving Day. In addition, the Super Bowl has frequently been the most-watched American television broadcast of the year, in 2015, Super Bowl XLIX became the most-watched American television program in history with an average audience of 114. The NFL restricts the use of its Super Bowl trademark, it is called the Big Game or other generic terms by non-sponsoring corporations. As a result, watching and discussing the broadcasts commercials has become a significant aspect of the event, for four decades after its 1920 inception, the NFL successfully fended off several rival leagues. However, in 1960, it encountered its most serious competitor when the American Football League was formed. The AFL vied heavily with the NFL for both players and fans, but by the middle of the decade the strain of competition led to merger talks between the two leagues. Prior to the 1966 season, the NFL and AFL reached an agreement that was to take effect for the 1970 season. As part of the merger, the champions of the two agreed to meet in a world championship game for professional American football until the merger was effected. A bowl game is a college football game. Exploiting the Rose Bowl Games popularity, post-season college football contests were created for Miami, New Orleans, and El Paso, Texas in 1935, by the time the first Super Bowl was played, the term bowl for any major American football game was well established
25.
Super Bowl XXXVII
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The Buccaneers defeated the Raiders by the score of 48–21, tied with Super Bowl XXXV for the seventh largest Super Bowl margin of victory, and winning their first ever Super Bowl. The game, played on January 26,2003 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego and it was also the last Super Bowl played in the month of January. Super Bowl XXXVI was the first to be played in February, starting with Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004, the Super Bowl has been permanently played in February. This was the last Super Bowl until Super Bowl 50 to take place in California and it was the first and only time until Super Bowl XLVIII in Super Bowl history that the leagues number one-ranked offense was pitted against the leagues number one-ranked defense. Super Bowl XXXVII is also referred to as the Pirate Bowl, the game is sometimes referred to as the Gruden Bowl, because the primary storyline surrounding the game revolved around Jon Gruden. Gruden was the Raiders head coach from 1998 to 2001, Tampa Bay, Grudens new team, made their first Super Bowl appearance in team history after posting a 12–4 regular season record. Oakland, Grudens old team, advanced to their fifth Super Bowl after an 11–5 regular season and this was also the first Super Bowl to feature two former division rivals, as the Buccaneers and Raiders both played in the AFC West in 1976. The Raiders came into the game as four-point favorites, however, the Tampa Bay defense dominated the contest. Oakland quarterback Rich Gannon threw a Super Bowl record five interceptions, the Buccaneers also sacked Gannon five times, and scored 34 consecutive points to build a 34–3 lead late in the third quarter. Tampa Bay safety Dexter Jackson, who had two of interceptions and returned them for 34 yards, was named Super Bowl MVP. Jackson became only the safety and third defensive back named Super Bowl MVP. Super Bowl XXXVII was originally awarded to San Francisco on October 15,1997 by the NFL owners at a meeting in Washington. The 49ers had recently announced plans for a new stadium, and were awarded the Super Bowl contingent on its completion, however, the stadium plans had stalled by the fall of 1998 and the NFL reopened the bidding for the game. San Diego, which had lost out on XXXVI, announced its interest, the city was awarded the game during the May 26,1999 meeting at Atlanta. Miami was the other city in consideration. It was the last Super Bowl played in California until Super Bowl 50 at Levis Stadium in Santa Clara and it was the also the final Super Bowl at Qualcomm Stadium before the Chargers relocated to Los Angeles in 2017. It was then succeeded by itself again in 2016 when Super Bowl 50 took place in San Francisco, after moving back to Oakland, California in 1995, the Raiders suffered sub-par seasons, including a 4–12 record in 1997. Under Grudens leadership, the Raiders improved to 8–8 in both 1998 and 1999, the team was further boosted in 1999 with the signing of veteran quarterback Rich Gannon
26.
Touchdown
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A touchdown is a means of scoring in both American and Canadian football. Whether running, passing, returning a kickoff or punt, or recovering a turnover, to score a touchdown, one team must take the football into the opposite end zone. The touchdown is scored the instant the ball crosses the plane of the line while in possession of a player whose team is trying to score in that end zone. The play is dead and the scores the moment the ball crosses the goal line in possession of a player. The slightest part of the ball being over the line is sufficient for a touchdown to score. However, only the ball counts, not a players helmet, foot, touching one of the pylons at either end of the goal line with the ball constitutes breaking the plane as well. Touchdowns are usually scored by the offense by running or passing the ball, however, the defense can also score a touchdown if they have recovered a fumble or made an interception and return it to the opposing end zone. Special teams can score a touchdown on a kickoff or punt return, in short, any play in which a player legally carries the ball across the goal line scores a touchdown, and the manner in which he gained possession is inconsequential. A touchdown is worth six points, the scoring team is also awarded the opportunity for an extra point or a two-point conversion. Afterwards, the team scored the touchdown kicks off to the opposing team. This rule was changed to the iteration in 1889. If the teammate could fair catch the ball, he could follow with a try for goal from the spot of the catch, the governing rule at the time read, A match shall be decided by a majority of touchdowns. A goal shall be equal to four touchdowns, but in the case of a tie, in 1881, the rules were modified so that a goal kicked from a touchdown took precedence over a goal kicked from the field in breaking ties. In 1882, four touchdowns were determined to take precedence over a goal kicked from the field, two safeties were equivalent to a touchdown. In 1883, points were introduced to football, and a touchdown counted as four points, a goal after a touchdown also counted as four points. In 1889, the provision requiring the ball to actually be touched to the ground was removed, a touchdown was now scored by possessing the ball beyond the goal line. In 1897, the touchdown scored five points, and the goal after touchdown added another point, in 1900, the definition of touchdown was changed to include situations where the ball becomes dead on or above the goal line. In 1912, the value of a touchdown was increased to six points, the end zone was also added
27.
Interception
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In American or Canadian football, an interception occurs when a forward pass is caught by a player of the opposing team. This leads to a change of possession during the play. Following the stoppage of play, if the interceptor retained possession of the ball, interceptions are predominantly made by the secondary or the linebackers, who are usually closest to the quarterbacks intended targets, the wide receivers, running backs, and tight ends. Less frequently, a defensive lineman may get an interception from a ball, a near sack, a shovel pass, or a screen pass. For example, on December 4,2016, the Kansas City Chiefs strong safety Eric Berry scored the winning points via a pick two in a 29-28 victory over the Atlanta Falcons. Berry also achieved an ordinary pick six earlier in the same game, if the intercepting team can run out the clock, the intercepting player may down the ball immediately and not attempt to gain any yardage. This eliminates the chance of a fumble that could be recovered by the other team, there are also player safety implications, when the ball is turned over, the play is now suddenly and unexpectedly moving in the opposite direction. All of the players on offense are instantly susceptible to unexpected blocks, even if not attempting to stop the ball carrier, additionally, offensive players, particularly the quarterback, are often inexperienced tacklers and are at risk of injuring themselves while tackling the ball carrier. Only the interception of a pass is recorded statistically as an interception. The interception of a pass is recorded as a fumble by the passer. Lester Hayes of the Oakland Raiders was one of the National Football Leagues leaders at interceptions in the late 1970s and he was known for covering his chest, shoulders and forearms with a copious amount of the adhesive Stickum to help him hold on to the ball. He continued to use the substance, which he called pick juice, paul Krause holds the record for most career interceptions, with 81, and is tied for third place for most interceptions by an NFL rookie in his first season, with 12. He played his first three years in the NFL from 1964 to 1967 with the Washington Redskins but was traded to the Minnesota Vikings, Krause played until 1979 and appeared in four Super Bowls with the Vikings. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1998, Rod Woodson played 16 seasons with Pittsburgh, San Francisco, Baltimore, and Oakland, and holds the NFL record for most interception returns for touchdown in an NFL career with 12. Also, he holds the NFL record for most total defensive TD returns in a career with 13, Woodson, who is third on the NFL all-time career interception list with 71, was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2009. Sharper holds the NFL record for return yardage in a single season with 376 yards in 2009. He is also tied with Rod Woodson for most total defensive TD returns career with 13, charles Woodson, formerly with the Green Bay Packers and Oakland Raiders has 65 career interceptions and tied Rod Woodson for most defensive touchdowns with 13. Woodson and Sharper are tied for all time in interceptions returned for touchdowns with 11
28.
American football
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The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, or else they turn over the football to the opposing team, if they succeed, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the teams end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponents goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins, American football evolved in the United States, originating from the sports of association football and rugby football. The first game of American football was played on November 6,1869, during the latter half of the 1870s, colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code, which allowed carrying the ball. American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States, Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game, with the other major levels being high school and youth football. As of 2012, nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually, almost all of them men, in the United States, American football is referred to as football. The term football was established in the rulebook for the 1876 college football season. The terms gridiron or American football are favored in English-speaking countries where other codes of football are popular, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, American football evolved from the sports of association football and rugby football. What is considered to be the first American football game was played on November 6,1869 between Rutgers and Princeton, two college teams, the game was played between two teams of 25 players each and used a round ball that could not be picked up or carried. It could, however, be kicked or batted with the feet, hands, head or sides, Rutgers won the game 6 goals to 4. Collegiate play continued for years in which matches were played using the rules of the host school. Representatives of Yale, Columbia, Princeton and Rutgers met on October 19,1873 to create a set of rules for all schools to adhere to. Teams were set at 20 players each, and fields of 400 by 250 feet were specified, Harvard abstained from the conference, as they favored a rugby-style game that allowed running with the ball. An 1875 Harvard-Yale game played under rugby-style rules was observed by two impressed Princeton athletes and these players introduced the sport to Princeton, a feat the Professional Football Researchers Association compared to selling refrigerators to Eskimos. Princeton, Harvard, Yale and Columbia then agreed to play using a form of rugby union rules with a modified scoring system. These schools formed the Intercollegiate Football Association, although Yale did not join until 1879, the introduction of the snap resulted in unexpected consequences. Prior to the snap, the strategy had been to punt if a scrum resulted in bad field position, however, a group of Princeton players realized that, as the snap was uncontested, they now could hold the ball indefinitely to prevent their opponent from scoring. In 1881, both teams in a game between Yale-Princeton used this strategy to maintain their undefeated records, each team held the ball, gaining no ground, for an entire half, resulting in a 0-0 tie
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