Jayapala was a ruler of the Hindu Shahi dynasty from 964 to 1001. He ruled over the area which stretched from Laghman in the west, to Kashmir in the east and from Sirhind to Multan. He was the son of
Disaster of Jayapala Army against Mahmud of Ghazni, due to a snowstorm.
Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Sabuktigin, usually known as Mahmud of Ghazni or Mahmud Ghaznavi, was Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire, ruling from 998 to 1030. Widely reputed to be undefeated throughout his en
Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, conquering Qasdar (modern Khuzdar). Jamiʿ al-Tawarikh, 1314–15
Fight between Mahmud of Ghazni and Abu 'Ali Simjuri in 994 AD. Jami al-Tawarikh, 1314
Sultan Mahmud and his forces attacking the fortress of Zaranj in 1003 CE. Jami al-Tawarikh, 1314 CE.
Mahmud of Ghazni receiving Indian elephants as tribute (Majmu al-Tawarikh, by Hafiz-i Abru, Herat, 1425).