Jean-Baptiste Eugénie Dumangin was a French physician known to have participated in the final treatment and autopsy of Louis XVII, the younger son of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie-Antoinette. His two favourite fields were therapeutics and hygiene.

Louis XVII was the younger son of King Louis XVI of France and Queen Marie Antoinette. His older brother, Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, died in June 1789, a little over a month before the start of the French Revolution. At his brother's death he became the new Dauphin, a title he held until 1791, when the new constitution accorded the heir apparent the title of Prince Royal.