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Jean Calas
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Jean Calas was a merchant living in Toulouse, Languedoc, France, who was tried, judicially tortured, and executed for the murder of his son, despite his protestations of innocence. Calas was a Protest
Jean Calas (1698–1762)
Jean Calas (1698–1762)
The arrest of Calas.
The arrest of Calas.
"The cruel death of Calas, who was broken on the wheel at Toulouse, 10 March 1762."
"The cruel death of Calas, who was broken on the wheel at Toulouse, 10 March 1762."
Water cure (torture)
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Water cure is a form of torture in which the victim is forced to drink large quantities of water in a short time, resulting in gastric distension, water intoxication, and possibly death.
Jean Calas
…Calas to death by torture. The government stretched his arms and legs until they were pulled out of their sockets. Seventeen litres (36 US pints) of water was poured down his throat. He was tied to a cross in the cathedral square, on which each of his limbs was broken twice by an iron bar. Yet even under this torture, Calas continued…
The Water Torture—Facsimile of a woodcut in J. Damhoudère's Praxis Rerum Criminalium, Antwerp, 1556
The Water Torture—Facsimile of a woodcut in J. Damhoudère's Praxis Rerum Criminalium, Antwerp, 1556
Marquise de Brinvilliers being tortured.
Marquise de Brinvilliers being tortured.
This 1902 cartoon from the Hawaiian Gazette shows a WCTU activist using the water cure to torture a brewmaster as the Anti-Saloon League mans the pump
This 1902 cartoon from the Hawaiian Gazette shows a WCTU activist using the water cure to torture a brewmaster as the Anti-Saloon League mans the pump.
Cartoon on the May 22, 1902 cover of Life magazine depicting American application of the water cure while Europeans watch. The caption reads: "Chorus
Cartoon on the May 22, 1902 cover of Life magazine depicting American application of the water cure while Europeans watch. The caption reads: "Chorus in background: 'Those pious Yankees can't throw stones at us any more.'"