1.
Copenhagen
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Copenhagen, Danish, København, Latin, Hafnia) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark. Copenhagen has an population of 1,280,371. The Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants, the city is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand, another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the strait of Øresund. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road, originally a Viking fishing village founded in the 10th century, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a centre of power with its institutions, defences. After suffering from the effects of plague and fire in the 18th century and this included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. Later, following the Second World War, the Finger Plan fostered the development of housing, since the turn of the 21st century, Copenhagen has seen strong urban and cultural development, facilitated by investment in its institutions and infrastructure. The city is the cultural, economic and governmental centre of Denmark, Copenhagens economy has seen rapid developments in the service sector, especially through initiatives in information technology, pharmaceuticals and clean technology. Since the completion of the Øresund Bridge, Copenhagen has become integrated with the Swedish province of Scania and its largest city, Malmö. With a number of connecting the various districts, the cityscape is characterized by parks, promenades. Copenhagen is home to the University of Copenhagen, the Technical University of Denmark, the University of Copenhagen, founded in 1479, is the oldest university in Denmark. Copenhagen is home to the FC København and Brøndby football clubs, the annual Copenhagen Marathon was established in 1980. Copenhagen is one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world, the Copenhagen Metro serves central Copenhagen while the Copenhagen S-train network connects central Copenhagen to its outlying boroughs. Serving roughly 2 million passengers a month, Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup, is the largest airport in the Nordic countries, the name of the city reflects its origin as a harbour and a place of commerce. The original designation, from which the contemporary Danish name derives, was Køpmannæhafn, meaning merchants harbour, the literal English translation would be Chapmans haven. The English name for the city was adapted from its Low German name, the abbreviations Kbh. or Kbhvn are often used in Danish for København, and kbh. for københavnsk. The chemical element hafnium is named for Copenhagen, where it was discovered, the bacterium Hafnia is also named after Copenhagen, Vagn Møller of the State Serum Institute in Copenhagen named it in 1954. Excavations in Pilestræde have also led to the discovery of a well from the late 12th century, the remains of an ancient church, with graves dating to the 11th century, have been unearthed near where Strøget meets Rådhuspladsen
2.
Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
3.
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
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Forest Lawn Memorial Park is a privately owned cemetery in Glendale, California. It is the location of Forest Lawn, a chain of six cemeteries in Southern California. Forest Lawn Glendale was founded in 1906 as a cemetery by a group of businessmen from San Francisco. Dr. Hubert Eaton and C. B. Sims entered into a contract with the cemetery in 1912. Eaton took over the management of the cemetery in 1917, Eaton was a firm believer in a joyous life after death. A number of plaques which state Eatons intentions are signed The Builder, frederick Llewellyn, Eatons nephew, became CEO of Forest Lawn in 1966. In 1987 he was succeeded by his son, John Llewellyn, for many decades the cemetery refused black, Jewish, and Chinese burials. The Forest Lawn Museum in Glendale was founded in 1957 and displays art, artifacts, the museum has hosted solo exhibitions for Henri Matisse, Winslow Homer, Ian Hornak, Francisco Goya, Rembrandt, Marc Davis and Reuben Nakian among many others. The objects in Forest Lawns permanent collection represent specific locations and peoples from around the world, there are sections for India, Africa, the Middle East, East and Southeast Asia, the United States, South America, Australia and Europe. D. The stained glass collection includes portions of William Randolph Hearsts former collection and owns the work of Albrecht Dürer, all of these precious art pieces are put in storage or hidden behind temporary walls when a special display is on site. The six Forest Lawn cemeteries contain about 1,500 statues, about 10% of which are reproductions of works of art. On display in the Hall of the Crucifixion is the painting by the Polish artist Jan Styka entitled The Crucifixion. It is the largest permanently mounted religious painting in the world, the main gates of Forest Lawn – Glendale are claimed to be the worlds largest wrought iron gates. Over 60,000 people have actually been married here, including Ronald Reagan, more than 250,000 people are buried at Forest Lawn, and over a million people visit it each year, including thousands of schoolchildren on field trips. Many commentators have considered Forest Lawn to be a unique American creation, the Great Mausoleum was fashioned after Campo Santo in Genoa, Italy and contains many of the most highly sought after interment places within Forest Lawn, Glendale. Within the portion of the Great Mausoleum accessible to the public is the Court of Honor where individuals are inducted as Immortals by Forest Lawns Council of Regents, the rest of the structure is protected by guards and is closed to the public. Time magazine described it as the New Worlds Westminster Abbey, in 2009 the cemetery became the focus of intense media interest surrounding the private interment of Michael Jackson in the privacy of Holly Terrace in the Great Mausoleum. List of United States cemeteries Providencia Ranch The Loved One – a satirical novel inspired by Forest Lawn, official website Evelyn Waughs witty essay, Half in love with easeful death, imagines archaeologists in 1000 years coming upon Forest Lawn
4.
Actor
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
5.
Danish Americans
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Danish Americans are Americans who have ancestral roots originated fully or partially from Denmark. There are approximately 1,500,000 Americans of Danish origin or descent, the first Dane known to have arrived in North America was explorer Vitus Jonassen Bering. In 1728, he documented the narrow body of water that separated North America and Asia, Bering was the first European to arrive in Alaska in 1741. In 1666, the Danish West India Company took control of the island of St. Thomas in the Caribbean and eventually, the Danes brought African slaves to those islands, where the slaves were put to work in the snuff, cotton and sugar industries. These early settlers began to trade with New England. In 1917, they sold the islands to the United States, in the early seventeenth century, individual Danish immigrants became established in North America. Scandinavians, Danes and Norwegians in particular, made up a portion of the settlers in the Dutch colony of New Netherland. After 1750, Danish families in the Protestant Moravian Brethren denomination immigrated to Pennsylvania, until 1850, most Danes who emigrated to North America were unmarried men. During this period, some Danes achieved notability and recognition, the trail established by Lassen was followed by the forty-niners during the California Gold Rush. Lassen is considered one of the most important early settlers of California, from 1820 and 1850, about 60 Danes settled in the United States every year. The first significant wave of Danish immigrants consisted mainly of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints members who settled in United States in 1850 and they settled in the newly acquired state of Utah, which had been under Mexican control until 1848. There were 17,000 such immigrants, many of these settled in farming communities in the Sanpete. Today, these counties respectively have the second and fifth largest percentages of Danish Americans in the United States and they were called North Slesvigers, however, most of these Danes are recorded in the census statistics as immigrants from Germany rather than Denmark. Most Danes who immigrated to the United States after 1865 did so for economic reasons, by 1865, there had been a large increase in the Danish population in Europe because of the improvement in the medicine and food industries. It caused a high rate of poverty and ultimately resulted in a significant, another reason for migration was the sale of lands. Many Danes became farmers in the United States, during the 1870s, almost half of all Danish immigrants to the United States settled in family groups. By the 1890s, family immigration made up only of 25 percent of the total and it has been suggested that many of these immigrants eventually returned to Denmark. C. has the smallest Danish American population, with 1,047 counted in 2000. About 30,000 Danish Americans continue to speak the Danish language, according to the 2000 US Census Bureau,33,400 people spoke Danish at home, that figure was down to 29,467 five years later, a decrease of about 11. 8%
6.
Dr. Christian
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Dr. Christian is a long-running radio series with Jean Hersholt in the title role. It aired on CBS Radio from November 7,1937, to January 6,1954, in 1956, the series was adapted for television where it aired in syndication until 1957. He wanted to do the role on radio but could not get the rights. He decided to create his own character for radio, and since he was a Hans Christian Andersen enthusiast. Dr. Christian practiced in the Midwest town of Rivers End with the assistance of Nurse Judy Price. Christian Award, among the winners were Rod Serling and Earl Hamner, Jr. Produced by Dorothy McCann. Hersholt was so identified with the role that he received mail asking for medical advice. There were various spin-offs as Hersholt co-wrote a Dr. Christian novel, Jean Hersholt appeared for the last time as Dr. Christian in the first episode, officially turning his medical practice over to his nephew. Shortly after filming the episode, Hersholt died on June 2,1956, among the series guest stars was Mason Alan Dinehart, who played Danny Martin in the 1957 episode entitled Typhoid. Stacy Harris appeared in the segment as Warren. Free OTR, Dr. Christian Jean Hersholt, The Complete Andersen Jerry Haendiges Vintage Radio Logs, Dr. Christian Dr. Christian at the Internet Movie Database
7.
Heidi (1937 film)
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Heidi is a 1937 American musical drama film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Shirley Temple. The screenplay by Julien Josephson and Walter Ferris was based on the 1880 childrens story of the name by Swiss author Johanna Spyri. The film is about an orphan named Heidi who is taken from her grandfather to live as a companion to Klara, the film was a success and Temple enjoyed her third year in a row as number one box office draw. The film is available on DVD, which features the original black and white. Adelheid, called Heidi, is an eight-year-old Swiss orphan who is given by her aunt to her mountain-dwelling grandfather. She is then stolen back by her aunt from her grandfather to live in the wealthy Sesemann household in Frankfurt, Germany as a companion to Klara, Heidi is unhappy but makes the best of the situation, always longing for her grandfather. When Klaras body and spirits mend under Heidis cheerful companionship, the housekeeper tries to get rid of Heidi by selling her to the gypsies, Heidi is rescued and reunited with her grandfather. Shirley Temple as Heidi, an orphan living with her hermitted grandfather in an Alpine hut. She is very happy, optimistic and adventurous and she loves her very much. Jean Hersholt as Adolph Kramer, Heidis grandfather who is grumpy at first, marcia Mae Jones as Klara Sesemann, a kind and crippled rich girl but very caring, polite and happy towards Heidi. Sidney Blackmer as Herr Sesemann, Klaras doting and busy father who wants nothing, thomas Beck as Pastor Schultz, the pastor of the village who talks to Adolph about Heidis future. Arthur Treacher as Andrews, a butler in the Sesemann household who is nice to Heidi. Mary Nash as Fräulein Rottenmeier, the châtelaine of the Sesemann household who is mean, delmar Watson as Peter, the goat general of Adolph Kramers and a good friend of Heidis. Mady Christians as Detie, Heidis self-interested aunt who has care of her for 6 years. Helen Westley as Blind Anna, Peters grandmother, the Alpine scenes were filmed at Lake Arrowhead, California with cast and crew staying in the Lake Arrowhead Hotel or in private chalets. Temple lived in a trailer parked on a hillside and only left it at the very last moment to do her scenes – after her stand-in had finished with lights, Temple had at least eight bodyguards who escorted her to and from the trailer and about the area when necessary. Midway through the shooting of the movie, the sequence was added into the script. There were reports that Temple was behind the sequence and that she was enthusiastically pushing for it
8.
The Literary Digest
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The Literary Digest was an influential American general interest weekly magazine published by Funk & Wagnalls. Founded by Isaac Kaufmann Funk in 1890, it merged with two similar weekly magazines, Public Opinion and Current Opinion. Beginning with early issues, the emphasis was on opinion articles, established as a weekly newsmagazine, it offered condensations of articles from American, Canadian and European publications. Type-only covers gave way to illustrated covers during the early 1900s, after Isaac Funks death in 1912, Robert Joseph Cuddihy became the editor. In the 1920s, the covers carried full-color reproductions of famous paintings, by 1927, The Literary Digest climbed to a circulation of over one million. Covers of the final issues displayed various photographic and photo-montage techniques, in 1938, it merged with the Review of Reviews, only to fail soon after. Its subscriber list was bought by Time, a column in The Digest, known as The Lexicographers Easy Chair, was produced by Frank Horace Vizetelly. Ewing Galloway as assistant editor at the publication, the Literary Digest is best-remembered today for the circumstances surrounding its demise. As it had done in 1916,1920,1924,1928 and 1932, before 1936, it had always correctly predicted the winner. The 1936 poll showed that the Republican candidate, Governor Alfred Landon of Kansas, was likely to be the overwhelming winner, in November, Landon carried only Vermont and Maine, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt carried the 46 other states. Landons electoral vote total of eight is a tie for the low for a major-party nominee since the American political paradigm of the Democratic. The Democrats joked, As goes Maine, so goes Vermont, the magazine was so discredited by this discrepancy that it soon folded. In retrospect, the techniques employed by the magazine were to blame. Research published in 1972 and 1988 concluded that non-response bias was the source of this error. Gallups last poll before the election predicted Roosevelt would receive 56% of the popular vote, the official tally gave Roosevelt 61%. This debacle led to a refinement of public opinion polling techniques. History of opinion polls Freedman, David, Pisani, Robert, Purves, Roger. Digitized archives,2,037 Issues,73,776 Articles,115, 219pp January 2,1897 to January 22,1938, free access Landon in a Landslide, The Poll That Changed Polling
9.
Nordisk Film
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Nordisk Film, established in Denmark in 1906 by Danish filmmaker Ole Olsen and also the oldest continuously active film studio in the world. It is the third oldest studio in the world behind the Gaumont Film Company, Olsen started his company in the Copenhagen suburb of Valby under the name Ole Olsens Film Factory but soon changed it to the Nordisk Film Kompagni. In 1908, Olsen opened a branch in New York. As Nordisk Film, it became a traded company in 1911. In 1992 it merged with the Egmont media group and operates today as electronic media production and distribution group that employs 1,900 people, the total revenues in 2015 amounted to approximately €497 million. Today, Nordisk Film is the oldest movie production company in operation in the world, Egmont Nordisk Film is the largest producer and distributor of electronic entertainment in the Nordic region. Nordisk Film incorporates all parts of the chain in the electronic entertainment world, development, production, marketing. The films are also distributed internationally for viewing in cinemas, on video, additionally, Nordisk Film produces animated content and feature films. Through the Nordisk Film Foundation, Nordisk Film develop new talent, with an annual budget of approx. DKK3.5 million, the Nordisk Film Foundation has also contributed to the development of the Danish film industry over the last 20 years by offering scholarships, project grants and awards. In 2015, the Nordisk Film Foundation launched the signature project The Polar Bears Author Camp, on 18 May 2012, Nordisk Film made a multi-year deal with Lionsgate to distribute their films in Scandinavia. In September 2012, DreamWorks signed a partnership with Nordisk Film for the distribution of DreamWorks films in Scandinavia, on March 31,2017, 20th Century Fox signed a distribution deal with Nordisk for Denmark and Sweden. Nordisk Film Production produces film and TV series and is involved in approximately 15 films and TV productions in Scandinavia each year, the overall strategy for Nordisk Film Production is the same as when the company was founded, To entertain a broad audience. Nordisk Film Distribution handles and distributes the rights to own productions, in addition to this, Nordisk Film has a co-operation with Sony Pictures Entertainment in regards to theatrical distribution. Nordisk Film Interactive has exclusive rights to Sony PlayStation products in the Nordic countries. Nordisk Film Cinemas is the cinema chain in Denmark and Norway with a total of 39 cinemas. In April 2013, Nordisk Film purchased all shares in Oslo Kino, Nordisk Film also co-owns KinoCity Drammen, giving the company a market share in Norway around 28 percent. Nordisk Film is a leader within sales and distribution of digital advertisement to Danish, airmagine has created the worlds first fully digitalized airport advertisement platform in Copenhagen Airport
10.
Erich von Stroheim
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Erich von Stroheim was an Austrian-American director, actor and producer, most notable as being a film star of the silent era, subsequently noted as an auteur for his directorial work. He died in 1957 in France, at age 71, Stroheim was born in Vienna, Austria, in 1885 as Erich Oswald Stroheim, the son of Benno Stroheim, a middle-class hat-maker, and Johanna Bondy, both of whom were observant Jews. Stroheim emigrated to America at the end of 1909, Jean Renoir writes in his memoirs, “Stroheim spoke hardly any German. He had to study his lines like a schoolboy learning a foreign language. ”Later, while living in Europe, in Renoirs movie la Grande Illusion, Stroheim speaks German with a strong American accent. By 1914 he was working in Hollywood and he began working in movies in bit-parts and as a consultant on German culture and fashion. His first film, in 1915, was The Country Boy in which he was uncredited and his first credited role came in Old Heidelberg. He began working with D. W. Griffith, taking uncredited roles in Intolerance, additionally, Stroheim acted as one of the many assistant directors on Intolerance, a film remembered in part for its huge cast of extras. Later, with Americas entry into World War I, he played sneering German villains in films as Sylvia of the Secret Service. In The Heart of Humanity, he tears the buttons from a uniform with his teeth. Following the end of the war, Stroheim turned to writing and he also starred in the film. As a director, Stroheim was known to be dictatorial and demanding and he is considered one of the greatest directors of the silent era, creating films that represent cynical and romantic views of human nature. His next directorial efforts were the lost film The Devils Pass Key and Foolish Wives, studio publicity for Foolish Wives claimed that it was the first film to cost one million dollars. In 1923, Stroheim began work on Merry-Go-Round and he cast the American actor Norman Kerry as Count Franz Maximilian von Hohenegg, a part written for himself, and newcomer Mary Philbin in the lead actress role. However studio executive Irving Thalberg fired Stroheim during filming and replaced him with director Rupert Julian, probably Stroheims best remembered work as a director is Greed, a detailed filming of the novel McTeague by Frank Norris. He originally started it as a project with Samuel Goldwyns Goldwyn Pictures, Stroheim had long wanted to do a film version of the book. He originally intended it to be a detailed reproduction of the original, shot mostly at the locations described in the book in San Francisco. Von Stroheim shot in San Francisco with his actors in period dress, automobiles can be seen in the background of some scenes and any extras or passersby are in modern clothing. When the production did move to Death Valley it was in the middle of summer, Greed is also considered by some film historians to be the first feature-length film shot on location
